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Abdelwahid MS, Ohsawa K, Uwamizu A, Kano K, Aoki J, Doi T. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Analogues Using Conformational Restriction and Bioisosteric Replacement Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49278-49288. [PMID: 38162765 PMCID: PMC10753746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a key player in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The biological activities of LPA are mediated through interactions with-at least-six subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named LPA1-6. Developing a pharmacological tool molecule that activates LPA subtype receptors selectively will allow a better understanding of their specific physiological roles. Here, we designed and synthesized conformationally restricted 25 1-oleoyl LPA analogues MZN-001 to MZN-025 by incorporating its glycerol linker into dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, and pyrrolidine rings and variating the lipophilic chain. The agonistic activities of these compounds were evaluated using the TGFα shedding assay. Overall, the synthesized analogues exhibited significantly reduced agonistic activities toward LPA1, LPA2, and LPA6, while demonstrating potent activities toward LPA3, LPA4, and LPA5 compared to the parent LPA. Specifically, MZN-010 showed more than 10 times greater potency (EC50 = 4.9 nM) than the standard 1-oleoyl LPA (EC50 = 78 nM) toward LPA5 while exhibiting significantly lower activity on LPA1, LPA2, and LPA6 and comparable potency toward LPA3 and LPA4. Based on the MZN-010 scaffold, we synthesized additional analogues with improved selectivity and potency toward LPA5. Compound MZN-021, which contains a saturated lipophilic chain, exhibited 50 times more potent activity (EC50 = 1.2 nM) than the natural LPA against LPA5 with over a 45-fold higher selectivity when compared to those of other LPA receptors. Thus, MZN-021 was found to be a potent and selective LPA5 agonist. The findings of this study could contribute to broadening the current knowledge about the stereochemical and three-dimensional arrangement of LPA pharmacophore components inside LPA receptors and paving the way toward synthesizing other subtype-selective pharmacological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin
A. S. Abdelwahid
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ohsawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Akiharu Uwamizu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Doi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Liu Y, Zhao H, Chen H, Li X, Ran C, Sun H, Wang L. Does mask wearing affect skin health? An untargeted skin metabolomics study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108073. [PMID: 37399768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Wearing masks is used as an effective way to prevent the spread of viruses. However, the effect of wearing masks on skin health requires further assessment. In this study, a non-invasive D-squame sampling method coupled with an untargeted metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed to identify the changes in the skin metabolome caused by wearing masks. D-squame method was found to have advantages over the commonly used sterile gauze method, especially for the lipids and lipid-like molecules. A total of 356 skin metabolites were putatively identified from the stratum corneum of 10 volunteers, and 17 differential metabolites were significantly downregulated after wearing surgical masks or N95 respirators. The downregulation of metabolites such as phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin might be related to hypoxia or increased skin moisture caused by wearing masks. Changes in skin metabolomics indicated a potential risk of skin barrier disruption and skin inflammation. Intermittent removal of the masks can effectively alleviate changes in the skin metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xinxin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Chunmei Ran
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Gomez-Larrauri A, Gangoiti P, Camacho L, Presa N, Martin C, Gomez-Muñoz A. Phosphatidic Acid Stimulates Lung Cancer Cell Migration through Interaction with the LPA1 Receptor and Subsequent Activation of MAP Kinases and STAT3. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1804. [PMID: 37509443 PMCID: PMC10376810 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a key bioactive glycerophospholipid that is implicated in the regulation of vital cell functions such as cell growth, differentiation, and migration, and is involved in a variety of pathologic processes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PA exerts its pathophysiological actions are incompletely understood. In the present work, we demonstrate that PA stimulates the migration of the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 adenocarcinoma cells, as determined by the transwell migration assay. PA induced the rapid phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1-2, p38, and JNK, and the pretreatment of cells with selective inhibitors of these kinases blocked the PA-stimulated migration of cancer cells. In addition, the chemotactic effect of PA was inhibited by preincubating the cells with pertussis toxin (PTX), a Gi protein inhibitor, suggesting the implication of a Gi protein-coupled receptor in this action. Noteworthy, a blockade of LPA receptor 1 (LPA1) with the specific LPA1 antagonist AM966, or with the selective LPA1 inhibitors Ki1645 or VPC32193, abolished PA-stimulated cell migration. Moreover, PA stimulated the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 downstream of JAK2, and inhibitors of either JAK2 or STAT3 blocked PA-stimulated cell migration. It can be concluded that PA stimulates lung adenocarcinoma cell migration through an interaction with the LPA1 receptor and subsequent activation of the MAPKs ERK1-2, p38, and JNK, and that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is also important in this process. These findings suggest that targeting PA formation and/or the LPA1 receptor may provide new strategies to reduce malignancy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gomez-Larrauri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Respiratory Department, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patricia Gangoiti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Laura Camacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Natalia Presa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cesar Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Biofisika Institute, University of Basque Country and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Antonio Gomez-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48980 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
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Kwiatek JM, Gutierrez B, Izgu EC, Han GS, Carman GM. Phosphatidic acid mediates the Nem1-Spo7/Pah1 phosphatase cascade in yeast lipid synthesis. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Ryu YC, Lee DH, Shim J, Park J, Kim YR, Choi S, Bak SS, Sung YK, Lee SH, Choi KY. KY19382, a novel activator of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, promotes hair regrowth and hair follicle neogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2533-2546. [PMID: 33751552 PMCID: PMC8251890 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The promotion of hair regeneration and growth heavily depends on the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in the hair follicle, including dermal papilla (DP). KY19382, one of the newly synthesized analogues of indirubin‐3′‐monoxime (I3O), was identified as a Wnt/β‐catenin signalling activator via inhibition of the interaction between CXXC‐type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) and dishevelled (Dvl). Given the close relationship between the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and hair regeneration, we investigated the effect of KY19382 on hair regrowth and hair follicle neogenesis. Experimental Approach In vitro hair induction effects of KY19382 were performed in human DP cells. The hair elongation effects of KY19382 were confirmed through the human hair follicle and vibrissa culture system. In vivo hair regeneration abilities of KY19382 were identified in three models: hair regrowth, wound‐induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) and hair patch assays using C57BL/6 mice. The hair regeneration abilities were analysed by immunoblotting, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and immunohistochemical staining. Key Results KY19382 activated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling and elevated expression of ALP and the proliferation marker PCNA in DP cells. KY19382 also increased hair length in ex vivo‐cultured mouse vibrissa and human hair follicles and induced hair regrowth in mice. Moreover, KY19382 significantly promoted the generation of de novo hair follicles as shown by WIHN and hair patch assays. Conclusion and Implications These results indicate that KY19382 is a potential therapeutic drug that exhibits effective hair regeneration ability via activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling for alopecia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Chan Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyong Shim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Rin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehee Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Sun Bak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,CK Biotech Inc, Engineering Research Park, Seoul, Korea
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Phospholipids from marine source: Extractions and forthcoming industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Al bratty M, Alhazmi HA, Thangavel N. GC–MS profiling and in silico prediction of MAPK receptor activation by fatty acids of watercress oil for hair growth marketed in Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Manakhov AD, Andreeva TV, Rogaev EI. The curly coat phenotype of the Ural Rex feline breed is associated with a mutation in the lipase H gene. Anim Genet 2020; 51:584-589. [PMID: 32463158 DOI: 10.1111/age.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in lipase H (LIPH) and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6), which are essential for the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling pathway, are associated with hypotrichosis and wooly hair in humans. Mutations in LPAR6 and keratin 71 (KRT71), result in unusual fur growth and hair structure in several cat breeds (Cornish Rex, Devon Rex and Selkirk Rex). Here, we performed target sequencing of the LIPH, LPAR6 and KRT71 genes in six cat breeds with specific hair-growth phenotypes. A LIPH genetic variant (LIPH:c.478_483del; LIPH:p.Ser160_Gly161del) was found in Ural Rex cats with curly coats from Russia, but was absent in all other cat breeds tested. In silico three-dimensional analysis of the LIPH mutant protein revealed a contraction of the α3-helix structure in the enzyme phospholipid binding site that may affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Manakhov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - T V Andreeva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - E I Rogaev
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Maple Avenue, 222, Shrewsbury, MA, 01545, USA
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Lee NE, Park SD, Hwang H, Choi SH, Lee RM, Nam SM, Choi JH, Rhim H, Cho IH, Kim HC, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Effects of a gintonin-enriched fraction on hair growth: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:168-177. [PMID: 32095099 PMCID: PMC7033365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng has been widely used as a health-promoting tonic. Gintonin present in ginseng acts as a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand that activates six LPA receptor subtypes. The LPA6 subtype plays a key role in normal hair growth, and mutations in the LPA6 receptor impair normal human hair growth. Currently, human hair loss and alopecia are concerning issues that affect peoples' social and day-to-day lives. Objective We investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of a gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on mouse hair growth. Methods Human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were used. The mice were divided into the four groups: control, 1% minoxidil, 0.75% GEF, and 1.5% GEF. The dorsal hair was removed to synchronize the telogen phase. Each group was treated topically, once a day, for 15 days. We analyzed hair growth activity and histological changes. Results GEF induced transient [Ca2+]i, which stimulated HFDPC proliferation and caused 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. GEF-mediated HFDPC proliferation was blocked by the LPA receptor antagonist and Ca2+ chelator. HFDPC treatment with GEF stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor release. Topical application of GEF and minoxidil promoted hair growth in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis showed that GEF and minoxidil increased the number of hair follicles and hair weight. Conclusion Topical application of GEF promotes mouse hair growth through HFDPC proliferation. GEF could be one of the main components of ginseng that promote hair growth and could be used to treat human alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Eun Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Deuk Park
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Choi
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi YM, An S, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee JN, Kim YS, Ahn KJ, An IS, Bae S. Titrated extract of Centella asiatica increases hair inductive property through inhibition of STAT signaling pathway in three-dimensional spheroid cultured human dermal papilla cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:2323-2329. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1385383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dermal papilla (DP) is a pivotal part of hair follicle, and the smaller size of the DP is related with the hair loss. In this study, we investigated the effect of titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) on hair growth inductive property on 3D spheroid cultured human DP cells (HDP cells). Significantly increased effect of TECA on cell viability was only shown in 3D sphered HPD cells, not in 2D cultured HDP cells. Also, TECA treatment increased the sphere size of HDP cells. The luciferase activity of STAT reporter genes and the expression of STAT-targeted genes, SOCS1 and SOCS3, were significantly decreased. Also, TECA treatment increased the expression of the hair growth-related signature genes in 3D sphered HDP cells. Furthermore, TECA led to downregulation of the level of phosphorylated STAT proteins in 3D sphered HDP cells. Overall, TECA activates the potential of hair inductive capacity in HDP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Min Choi
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Gene Cell Pharm Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Gene Cell Pharm Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwoo Lee
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Gene Cell Pharm Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women’s Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Nam Lee
- Department of Cosmetology, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Department of Image Industry, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Gene Cell Pharm Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jain R, Monthakantirat O, Tengamnuay P, De-Eknamkul W. Identification of a new plant extract for androgenic alopecia treatment using a non-radioactive human hair dermal papilla cell-based assay. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:18. [PMID: 26796631 PMCID: PMC4721057 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a major type of human scalp hair loss, which is caused by two androgens: testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Both androgens bind to the androgen receptor (AR) and induce androgen-sensitive genes within the human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs), but 5α-DHT exhibits much higher binding affinity and potency than T does in inducing the involved androgen-sensitive genes. Changes in the induction of androgen-sensitive genes during AGA are caused by the over-production of 5α-DHT by the 5α-reductase (5α-R) enzyme; therefore, one possible method to treat AGA is to inhibit this enzymatic reaction. METHODS RT-PCR was used to identify the presence of the 5α-R and AR within HHDPCs. A newly developed AGA-relevant HHDPC-based assay combined with non-radioactive thin layer chromatography (TLC) detection was used for screening crude plant extracts for the identification of new 5α-R inhibitors. RESULTS HHDPCs expressed both 5α-R type 1 isoform of the enzyme (5α-R1) and AR in all of the passages used in this study. Among the thirty tested extracts, Avicennia marina (AM) displayed the highest inhibitory activity at the final concentration of 10 μg/ml, as the production of 5α-DHT decreased by 52% (IC50 = 9.21 ± 0.38 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS Avicennia marina (AM) was identified as a potential candidate for the treatment of AGA based on its 5α-R1-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchy Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Unit of Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Parkpoom Tengamnuay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Research Unit of Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Choi SH, Moon JS, Jeon BS, Jeon YJ, Yoon BI, Lim CJ. Hair growth promoting potential of phospholipids purified from porcine lung tissues. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:174-9. [PMID: 25767686 PMCID: PMC4354319 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BP201, porcine lung tissue-derived phospholipids, consists of phosphatidylcholine as a major phospholipid species. BP201 promoted hair growth after application onto the shaved backs of BALB/c and C3H mice. Its effect was enhanced when applied together with minoxidil (MNX) in C3H mice. When the tissue specimens prepared from the shaved skins of BP201-treated and control mice were microscopically examined, the total numbers of hair follicles in both anagen and telogen phases of BP201-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice. The numbers of hair follicles in the anagen phase of BP201-treated mice were also higher than those of control mice. In combination with MNX, BP201 further increased the total number of hair follicles, but did not alter the percentage of hair follicles in the anagenic phase. BP201 also increased the proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. Collectively, BP201 possesses hair growth promoting potential, which would suggest its use singly or in combination for hair growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeong-Su Moon
- Biopid Co., Shinbuk, Chuncheon 200-832, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Kmoch S, Majewski J, Ramamurthy V, Cao S, Fahiminiya S, Ren H, MacDonald IM, Lopez I, Sun V, Keser V, Khan A, Stránecký V, Hartmannová H, Přistoupilová A, Hodaňová K, Piherová L, Kuchař L, Baxová A, Chen R, Barsottini OGP, Pyle A, Griffin H, Splitt M, Sallum J, Tolmie JL, Sampson JR, Chinnery P, Banin E, Sharon D, Dutta S, Grebler R, Helfrich-Foerster C, Pedroso JL, Kretzschmar D, Cayouette M, Koenekoop RK. Mutations in PNPLA6 are linked to photoreceptor degeneration and various forms of childhood blindness. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5614. [PMID: 25574898 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blindness due to retinal degeneration affects millions of people worldwide, but many disease-causing mutations remain unknown. PNPLA6 encodes the patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 6, also known as neuropathy target esterase (NTE), which is the target of toxic organophosphates that induce human paralysis due to severe axonopathy of large neurons. Mutations in PNPLA6 also cause human spastic paraplegia characterized by motor neuron degeneration. Here we identify PNPLA6 mutations in childhood blindness in seven families with retinal degeneration, including Leber congenital amaurosis and Oliver McFarlane syndrome. PNPLA6 localizes mostly at the inner segment plasma membrane in photoreceptors and mutations in Drosophila PNPLA6 lead to photoreceptor cell death. We also report that lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidic acid levels are elevated in mutant Drosophila. These findings show a role for PNPLA6 in photoreceptor survival and identify phospholipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for some forms of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kmoch
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J Majewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - V Ramamurthy
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110, Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - S Cao
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - S Fahiminiya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - H Ren
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - I M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta/Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada AB T5H 3V9
| | - I Lopez
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - V Sun
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - V Keser
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - A Khan
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
| | - V Stránecký
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - H Hartmannová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A Přistoupilová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - K Hodaňová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - L Piherová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - L Kuchař
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A Baxová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - O G P Barsottini
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
| | - A Pyle
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - H Griffin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - M Splitt
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - J Sallum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
| | - J L Tolmie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - J R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - P Chinnery
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | | | - E Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - D Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - S Dutta
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - R Grebler
- Lehrstuhl fuer Neurobiology und Genetik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C Helfrich-Foerster
- Lehrstuhl fuer Neurobiology und Genetik, Universitaet Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J L Pedroso
- Division of General Neurology and Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
| | - D Kretzschmar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - M Cayouette
- 1] Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110, Ave des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7 [2] Departement de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1P1 [3] Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2
| | - R K Koenekoop
- 1] McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G4 [2] McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory; Departments of Paediatric Surgery, Human Genetics and Ophthalmology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3
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Jain R, De-Eknamkul W. Potential targets in the discovery of new hair growth promoters for androgenic alopecia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:787-806. [PMID: 24873677 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.922956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the major type of scalp hair loss affecting 60 - 70% of the population worldwide. It is caused by two potent androgens, namely testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Till date, only two FDA-approved synthetic drugs, minoxidil and finasteride, are used to cure AGA with only 35 and 48% success, respectively; therefore, a search for new drug based on the mechanism of androgens action is still needed. AREAS COVERED Relevant literature was reviewed to identify current therapeutic targets and treatments for AGA. The potential targets are classified into three categories: i) 5α-reductase; ii) androgen receptor and iii) growth-factor-producing genes related to hair growth. EXPERT OPINION Relevant assay systems using the right targets are required in order to obtain specific and effective drugs for AGA treatment. It is unlikely that single targeted agents will be sufficient for treating AGA, and therefore, it would be a challenge to obtain compounds with multiple activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchy Jain
- Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology , Bangkok, 10330 , Thailand
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Matsuno N, Kunisada M, Kanki H, Simomura Y, Nishigori C. A case of autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis with alternation in severity: deterioration and improvement with age. Case Rep Dermatol 2014; 5:363-7. [PMID: 24474919 PMCID: PMC3901624 DOI: 10.1159/000357208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis (ARWH/H) is a nonsyndromic hair abnormality characterized by sparse, short and curly hair (WH/H). We report the case of a 3-year-old female, with no consanguineous ancestry, who exhibited WH/H. Normal hair was observed at birth, but severe hair loss had developed within the first 6 months; however, her hair density had improved somewhat by age 3. Light microscopy showed hair shaft invaginations, and polarized light microscopy suggested complete medullary disruption of the hair. Direct sequence analysis of peripheral blood showed a homozygous missense mutation in exon 6 of the lipase H gene (LIPH: c.736T>A, p.Cys246Ser), and the exact same mutation was found in the heterozygous state in both parents. The initial deterioration followed by improvement with age observed in this case suggests that the clinical course of ARWH/H may vary among patients with the same mutation in LIPH detected in this case, indicating that additional factors may influence the effect of LIPH on hair development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Matsuno
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Kunisada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kanki
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Simomura
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Niigata, Japan
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Gandolfi B, Alhaddad H, Affolter VK, Brockman J, Haggstrom J, Joslin SEK, Koehne AL, Mullikin JC, Outerbridge CA, Warren WC, Lyons LA. To the Root of the Curl: A Signature of a Recent Selective Sweep Identifies a Mutation That Defines the Cornish Rex Cat Breed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67105. [PMID: 23826204 PMCID: PMC3694948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cat (Felis silvestris catus) shows significant variation in pelage, morphological, and behavioral phenotypes amongst its over 40 domesticated breeds. The majority of the breed specific phenotypic presentations originated through artificial selection, especially on desired novel phenotypic characteristics that arose only a few hundred years ago. Variations in coat texture and color of hair often delineate breeds amongst domestic animals. Although the genetic basis of several feline coat colors and hair lengths are characterized, less is known about the genes influencing variation in coat growth and texture, especially rexoid – curly coated types. Cornish Rex is a cat breed defined by a fixed recessive curly coat trait. Genome-wide analyses for selection (di, Tajima’s D and nucleotide diversity) were performed in the Cornish Rex breed and in 11 phenotypically diverse breeds and two random bred populations. Approximately 63K SNPs were used in the analysis that aimed to localize the locus controlling the rexoid hair texture. A region with a strong signature of recent selective sweep was identified in the Cornish Rex breed on chromosome A1, as well as a consensus block of homozygosity that spans approximately 3 Mb. Inspection of the region for candidate genes led to the identification of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6). A 4 bp deletion in exon 5, c.250_253_delTTTG, which induces a premature stop codon in the receptor, was identified via Sanger sequencing. The mutation is fixed in Cornish Rex, absent in all straight haired cats analyzed, and is also segregating in the German Rex breed. LPAR6 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the hair shaft; and has mutations resulting in a wooly hair phenotype in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Brockman
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jens Haggstrom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shannon E. K. Joslin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Koehne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - James C. Mullikin
- Comparative Genomics Unit, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Wesley C. Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Preparation and evaluation of antifungal efficacy of griseofulvin loaded deformable membrane vesicles in optimized guinea pig model of Microsporum canis--dermatophytosis. Int J Pharm 2012; 437:277-87. [PMID: 22939964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at the encapsulation of griseofulvin in the deformable membrane vesicles (DMVs) for dermal delivery. Presently, griseofulvin is available only in conventional oral dosage forms that suffer from the issues of poor and highly variable bioavailability, numerous systemic side effects and long duration of treatment. Multi-lamellar drug-loaded DMVs of griseofulvin (Indian Patent Application 208/DEL/2009) were prepared by thin-film hydration method and were optimized for type and concentration of edge activator (EA). The optimized formulation was evaluated for vesicular shape, size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug content, pH, stability, spreadability, ex vivo skin permeation, dermatokinetics, skin sensitivity, in vitro antifungal assay and in vivo antifungal activity against Microsporum canis using guinea pig model for dermatophytosis. The optimized DMVs illustrated remarkably higher drug permeation and skin retention when compared with liposomes. A complete clinical and mycological cure was observed in animals treated with topical griseofulvin formulation in 10 days. The formulation was observed to be non-sensitizing, histopathologically safe, and stable at 5±3 °C, 25±2 °C and 40±2 °C for a period of six months. The results indicated that the topical formulation of DMVs of griseofulvin could be utilized as an alternative to reduce the encumbrance of conventional oral formulations.
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Current progress in non-Edg family LPA receptor research. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:33-41. [PMID: 22902318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is the simplest phospholipid yet possesses myriad biological functions. Until 2003, the functions of LPA were thought to be elicited exclusively by three subtypes of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G protein-coupled receptors - LPA(1), LPA(2), and LPA(3). However, several biological functions of LPA could not be assigned to any of these receptors indicating the existence of one or more additional LPA receptor(s). More recently, the discovery of a second cluster of LPA receptors which includes LPA(4), LPA(5), and LPA(6) has paved the way for new avenues of LPA research. Analyses of these non-Edg family LPA receptors have begun to fill in gaps to understand biological functions of LPA such as platelet aggregation and vascular development that could not be ascribed to classical Edg family LPA receptors and are also unveiling new biological functions. Here we review recent progress in the non-Edg family LPA receptor research, with special emphasis on the pharmacology, signaling, and physiological roles of this family of receptors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Kurban M, Wajid M, Shimomura Y, Christiano AM. Mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5 and LIPH are associated with woolly hair and/or hypotrichosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:545-9. [PMID: 22385360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woolly hair (WH) belongs to a family of disorders characterized by hair shaft anomalies that clinically presents with tightly curled hair, which can be divided into syndromic and non-syndromic forms of WH. We have recently identified mutations in both LPAR6/P2RY5 and LIPH that are associated with autosomal recessive woolly hair (ARWH). OBJECTIVE To study the underlying genetic causes of autosomal woolly hair in Pakistani population. METHODS We studied 10 Pakistani families with ARWH for mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5 and LIPH and then performed haplotype analysis to confirm their segregation in the families. RESULTS We identified five mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5, among which three were recurrent and two were novel in eight Pakistani families. We then showed that two of the mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5 are founder mutations in Pakistani families. Moreover, we identified two recurrent mutations in the LIPH gene in two Pakistani families. CONCLUSION Our study extends the spectrum of mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5 gene and underscores those mutations in LPAR6/P2RY5 and LIPH result in similar phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Diribarne M, Mata X, Rivière J, Bouet S, Vaiman A, Chapuis J, Reine F, Fleurot R, Auvinet G, Deretz S, Allain D, Schibler L, Cribiu EP, Guérin G. LIPH expression in skin and hair follicles of normal coat and Rex rabbits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30073. [PMID: 22272275 PMCID: PMC3260196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mutations in the LIPH gene were shown to be responsible for hair growth defects in humans and for the rex short hair phenotype in rabbits. In this species, we identified a single nucleotide deletion in LIPH (1362delA) introducing a stop codon in the C-terminal region of the protein. We investigated the expression of LIPH between normal coat and rex rabbits during critical fetal stages of hair follicle genesis, in adults and during hair follicle cycles. Transcripts were three times less expressed in both fetal and adult stages of the rex rabbits than in normal rabbits. In addition, the hair growth cycle phases affected the regulation of the transcription level in the normal and mutant phenotypes differently. LIPH mRNA and protein levels were higher in the outer root sheath (ORS) than in the inner root sheath (IRS), with a very weak signal in the IRS of rex rabbits. In vitro transfection shows that the mutant protein has a reduced lipase activity compared to the wild type form. Our results contribute to the characterization of the LIPH mode of action and confirm the crucial role of LIPH in hair production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Diribarne
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Mata
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphan Bouet
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Vaiman
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérôme Chapuis
- INRA, UR0892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Reine
- INRA, UR0892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Renaud Fleurot
- INRA, Plateforme de Microscopie et Imagerie des Micro-organismes, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gérard Auvinet
- INRA, UR967, Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales, Surgères, France
| | - Séverine Deretz
- INRA, UR967, Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales, Surgères, France
| | - Daniel Allain
- INRA, UR631, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Schibler
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edmond-Paul Cribiu
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gérard Guérin
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Unveiling the roots of monogenic genodermatoses: genotrichoses as a paradigm. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:906-14. [PMID: 22170492 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen significant and unprecedented progress in human genetics owing to the advent of novel molecular biological technologies and major developments in computational methods. Dermatology has benefited from and, in some cases, led these advances. In this article, we review major discoveries in the field of inherited hair diseases, which illustrate the changes that genodermatology has undergone in recent years from a mostly descriptive discipline through the elucidation of the molecular basis of numerous disorders, up to the first attempts at translating these new findings into novel preventive and therapeutic tools to the benefit of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Angela M. Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
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A missense mutation in the P2RY5 gene leading to autosomal recessive woolly hair in a Syrian patient. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 57:132-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Van Raamsdonk CD. Hereditary hair loss and the ancient signaling pathways that regulate ectodermal appendage formation. Clin Genet 2009; 76:332-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Hair is a potent cultural signal that when perceived as deficient can invite psychological trauma. Over the past few decades, researchers have successfully dissected several controls for hair follicle development and growth. However, we know relatively little about the genetic controls for hair fiber form and texture, despite wide variability in the expression of hair phenotypes among different, even very closely related, individuals. In this issue, Shimomura et al. present some intriguing insights into the potential role for lipase H in the control of hair form and texture.
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Shimomura Y, Wajid M, Zlotogorski A, Lee YJ, Rice RH, Christiano AM. Founder mutations in the lipase h gene in families with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:1927-34. [PMID: 19262606 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive woolly hair (ARWH)/hypotrichosis is a hereditary hair disorder which is characterized by tightly curled hair and is associated with sparse hair. ARWH can be caused by mutations in the P2RY5 or lipase H (LIPH) gene. Disruption of either gene results in phenotypes with features of both wooly hair (WH) and hypotrichosis. In this study, we identified two Guyanese families with ARWH. Both families are of recent Indian descent. Mutation analysis resulted in the identification of mutations in the LIPH gene in both families. Affected individuals in the first family carry compound heterozygous mutations Ex7_8del and 1303_1309dupGAAAACG in the LIPH gene, while those in the second family have a homozygous mutation 659_660delTA in the LIPH gene. The mutations Ex7_8del and 659_660delTA were identified earlier in several Pakistani families with ARWH. Haplotype analysis using microsatellite markers close to the LIPH gene defined a founder haplotype shared in families from Pakistan and Guyana. Proteomic analysis of hair shaft samples from one of the families revealed no substantial changes among the proteins identified, indicating that the syndrome does not involve global alterations in protein expression. Our results further suggest a crucial role of LIPH gene in hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Shimomura Y, Wajid M, Petukhova L, Shapiro L, Christiano AM. Mutations in the lipase H gene underlie autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 129:622-8. [PMID: 18830268 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Woolly hair (WH) is characterized by the presence of fine and tightly curled hair. WH can appear as a symptom of some systemic diseases, or without associated findings (nonsyndromic WH). Nonsyndromic WH is known to be inherited as either an autosomal-dominant (OMIM 194300) or recessive (ARWH; OMIM 278150) trait. In this study, we identified 11 consanguineous families of Pakistani origin with ARWH, as well as associated features including sparse and hypopigmented hair shafts. We first checked for mutations in the P2RY5 gene, which encodes an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor that we recently identified as a cause of ARWH. However, none of the 11 families had mutations in the P2RY5 gene. To identify the disease locus, we performed linkage studies in one of these families using the Affymetrix 10K array, and identified a region of suggestive linkage on chromosome 3q27. This region contains the lipase H (LIPH) gene which has been recently shown to underlie an autosomal-recessive form of hypotrichosis. Mutation analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 5 pathogenic mutations in the LIPH of all 11 families analyzed. These results show that LIPH is a second causative gene for ARWH/hypotrichosis, giving rise to a phenotype clinically indistinguishable from P2RY5 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Nahum S, Pasternack SM, Pforr J, Indelman M, Wollnik B, Bergman R, Nöthen MM, König A, Khamaysi Z, Betz RC, Sprecher E. A large duplication in LIPH underlies autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex in four Middle Eastern families. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 301:391-3. [PMID: 18820939 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis simplex (ARHS) manifests with paucity of hair appearing during early childhood. We assessed four affected families. We initially genotyped three of these families for a panel of microsatellite markers spanning all ARHS-associated loci and obtained data suggesting linkage to 3q27, encompassing LIPH, which had previously been shown to be associated with ARHS. Accordingly, a homozygous duplication mutation in exon 2 of this gene (c.280_369dup; p.Gly94_Lys123dup) was found to segregate with the disease in all the families. Through the identification of the first duplication mutation in the human LIPH gene, we provide further evidence supporting a role for the phospholipase signalling pathway in hair growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagi Nahum
- Laboratory of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, POB 9602, 31096, Haifa, Israel
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Shimomura Y, Garzon MC, Kristal L, Shapiro L, Christiano AM. Autosomal recessive woolly hair with hypotrichosis caused by a novel homozygous mutation in the P2RY5 gene. Exp Dermatol 2008; 18:218-21. [PMID: 18803659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, several causative genes for hereditary hair diseases have been identified, which have disclosed the molecular mechanisms involved in hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. We and others recently reported that mutations in the P2RY5 gene, encoding an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, underlie autosomal recessive woolly hair (WH)/hypotrichosis. Although these findings clearly reveal the involvement of P2RY5 mutations in hereditary hair diseases, the clinical manifestations of P2RY5 mutations have not completely been elucidated because of limited information to date. In this study, we ascertained a consanguineous family of Iranian origin with an affected girl showing sparse and hypopigmented scalp hair. She exhibited the WH phenotype with normal hair density at birth, but progressed with age to develop hypotrichosis. Direct sequencing analysis resulted in the identification of a novel homozygous mutation in the P2RY5 gene of the patient, which results in a non-conservative amino acid change, G146R, at the protein level. Our findings extend the mutation spectrum of P2RY5 mutations, and further support a crucial role of P2Y5 in hair growth in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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G protein-coupled receptor P2Y5 and its ligand LPA are involved in maintenance of human hair growth. Nat Genet 2008; 40:329-34. [PMID: 18297070 DOI: 10.1038/ng.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypotrichosis simplex is a group of nonsyndromic human alopecias. We mapped an autosomal recessive form of this disorder to chromosome 13q14.11-13q21.33, and identified homozygous truncating mutations in P2RY5, which encodes an orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Furthermore, we identified oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid, as a ligand for P2Y5 in reporter gene and radioligand binding experiments. Homology and studies of signaling transduction pathways suggest that P2Y5 is a member of a subgroup of LPA receptors, which also includes LPA4 and LPA5. Our study is the first to implicate a G protein-coupled receptor as essential for and specific to the maintenance of human hair growth. This finding may provide opportunities for new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of hair loss in humans.
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Tegeder I, Geisslinger G. Opioids as modulators of cell death and survival--unraveling mechanisms and revealing new indications. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 56:351-69. [PMID: 15317908 DOI: 10.1124/pr.56.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are powerful analgesics but also drugs of abuse. Because opioid addicts are susceptible to certain infections, opioids have been suspected to suppress the immune response. This was supported by the finding that various immune-competent cells express opioid receptors and undergo apoptosis when treated with opioid alkaloids. Recent evidence suggests that opioids may also effect neuronal survival and proliferation or migrating properties of tumor cells. A multitude of signaling pathways has been suggested to be involved in these extra-analgesic effects of opioids. Growth-promoting effects were found to be mediated through Akt and Erk signaling cascades. Death-promoting effects have been ascribed to inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB, increase of Fas expression, p53 stabilization, cytokine and chemokine release, and activation of nitric oxide synthase, p38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase. Some of the observed effects were inhibited with opioid receptor antagonists or pertussis toxin; others were unaffected. It is still unclear whether these properties are mediated through typical opioid receptor activation and inhibitory G-protein-signaling. The present review tries to unravel controversial findings and provides a hypothesis that may help to integrate diverse results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Tegeder
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Germany.
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Zambonelli C, Roberts MF. Non-HKD Phospholipase D Enzymes: New Players in Phosphatidic Acid Signaling? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 79:133-81. [PMID: 16096028 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(04)79003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Zambonelli
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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