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Lee CH, Chiang CF, Kuo FC, Su SC, Huang CL, Liu JS, Lu CH, Hsieh CH, Wang CC, Lee CH, Shen PH. High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Synovial Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization through the GRP78-NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111917. [PMID: 34769349 PMCID: PMC8584972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that synovial inflammation and macrophage polarization were involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Additionally, high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) was often used clinically to treat OA. GRP78, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress chaperone, was suggested to contribute to the hyperplasia of synovial cells in OA. However, it was still unclear whether HMW-HA affected macrophage polarization through GRP78. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effect of HMW-HA in primary synovial cells and macrophage polarization and to investigate the role of GRP78 signaling. We used IL-1β to treat primary synoviocytes to mimic OA, and then treated them with HMW-HA. We also collected conditioned medium (CM) to culture THP-1 macrophages and examine the changes in the phenotype. IL-1β increased the expression of GRP78, NF-κB (p65 phosphorylation), IL-6, and PGE2 in primary synoviocytes, accompanied by an increased macrophage M1/M2 polarization. GRP78 knockdown significantly reversed the expression of IL-1β-induced GRP78-related downstream molecules and macrophage polarization. HMW-HA with GRP78 knockdown had additive effects in an IL-1β culture. Finally, the synovial fluid from OA patients revealed significantly decreased IL-6 and PGE2 levels after the HMW-HA treatment. Our study elucidated a new form of signal transduction for HMW-HA-mediated protection against synovial inflammation and macrophage polarization and highlighted the involvement of the GRP78-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsing Lee
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (F.-C.K.); (S.-C.S.); (C.-L.H.); (J.-S.L.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- National Defense Medical Center, School of Dentistry, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (F.-C.K.); (S.-C.S.); (C.-L.H.); (J.-S.L.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (F.-C.K.); (S.-C.S.); (C.-L.H.); (J.-S.L.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chia-Luen Huang
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (F.-C.K.); (S.-C.S.); (C.-L.H.); (J.-S.L.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Jhih-Syuan Liu
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (F.-C.K.); (S.-C.S.); (C.-L.H.); (J.-S.L.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (F.-C.K.); (S.-C.S.); (C.-L.H.); (J.-S.L.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- National Defense Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (F.-C.K.); (S.-C.S.); (C.-L.H.); (J.-S.L.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Chian-Her Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Hung Shen
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Siegel RJ, Bridges SL, Ahmed S. HLA-C: An Accomplice in Rheumatic Diseases. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:571-579. [PMID: 31777841 PMCID: PMC6858028 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen c (HLA-C) is a polymorphic membrane protein encoded by the HLA-C gene in the class I major histocompatibility complex. HLA-C plays an essential role in protection against cancer and viruses but has also been implicated in allograft rejection, preeclampsia, and autoimmune disease. This review summarizes reports and proposed mechanisms for the accessory role of HLA-C in rheumatic diseases. Historically, contributions of HLA-C to rheumatic diseases were eclipsed by the stronger association with HLA-DRB1 alleles containing the "shared epitope" with rheumatoid arthritis. Larger genetic association studies and more powerful analytical approaches have revealed independent associations of HLA-C with rheumatic disease-associated phenotypes, including development of anticitrullinated peptide antibodies. HLA-C functions by presenting antigens to T cells and by binding activatory and inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, but the exact mechanisms by which the HLA-C locus contributes to autoimmunity are largely undefined. Studies have suggested that HLA-C and NK cell receptor polymorphisms may predict responsiveness to pharmacotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms of the role of HLA-C in rheumatic disease could uncover therapeutic targets or guide precision pharmacologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby J. Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesSpokaneWashington
| | - S. Louis Bridges
- Division of Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabama
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesSpokaneWashington
- Division of RheumatologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
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Liao W, Li Z, Li T, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Wang X. Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid in osteoarthritis using SWATH‑mass spectrometry. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2827-2836. [PMID: 29257293 PMCID: PMC5783497 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of early diagnostic maneuvers and effective pharmacotherapy for osteoarthritis (OA) is predominantly attributed to current limited understanding of its pathogenesis. In the present study, the alteration of synovial fluid (SF) proteome in OA were analyzed using SWATH-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to further elucidate the pathogenesis of OA. SF samples were collected from 10 OA and 10 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing arthroplasty and 10 patients undergoing arthroscopy for traumatic arthritis (meniscus injury without cartilage lesion). According to the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) radiographic grading criteria, all the OA and RA patients were classified as KL grade 4. SWATH-MS was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins specifically regulated in OA. Differentially expressed proteins identified by SWATH-MS were subjected to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation. Proteins of interest were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following identification. With the use of SWATH-MS, 131 proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in OA, of which 93 corresponded to upregulation and 38 to downregulation. Complement C1r was the most significantly upregulated protein in OA. Twenty-eight out of the 131 proteins were specifically regulated in OA, of which 17 were upregulated and 11 were downregulated. Dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2) was one of the proteins specifically upregulated in OA. Furthermore, KEGG pathway annotation indicated that differentially expressed proteins in OA were enriched in complement and coagulation cascades. ELISA indicated that OA severity was positively correlated with the levels of complement C1r (r=0.549; P<0.001) and DKK2 (r=0.79; P<0.001) in the SF. The results indicate that complement and coagulation cascades are involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Differentially expressed proteins, including complement C1r and DKK2 may be used as potential biomarkers or drug targets, which may facilitate with intervention of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Liao
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tanshi Li
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xinzheng Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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Grindel B, Li Q, Arnold R, Petros J, Zayzafoon M, Muldoon M, Stave J, Chung LWK, Farach-Carson MC. Perlecan/HSPG2 and matrilysin/MMP-7 as indices of tissue invasion: tissue localization and circulating perlecan fragments in a cohort of 288 radical prostatectomy patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10433-47. [PMID: 26862737 PMCID: PMC4891130 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) cells use matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade tissue during invasion. Perlecan/HSPG2 is degraded at basement membranes, in reactive stroma and in bone marrow during metastasis. We previously showed MMP-7 efficiently degrades perlecan. We now analyzed PCa tissue and serum from 288 prostatectomy patients of various Gleason grades to decipher the relationship between perlecan and MMP-7 in invasive PCa. In 157 prostatectomy specimens examined by tissue microarray, perlecan levels were 18% higher than their normal counterparts. In Gleason grade 4 tissues, MMP-7 and perlecan immunostaining levels were highly correlated with each other (average correlation coefficient of 0.52) in PCa tissue, regardless of grade. Serial sections showed intense, but non-overlapping, immunostaining for MMP-7 and perlecan at adjacent borders, reflecting the protease-substrate relationship. Using a capture assay, analysis of 288 PCa sera collected at prostatectomy showed elevated levels of perlecan fragments, with most derived from domain IV. Perlecan fragments in PCa sera were associated with overall MMP-7 staining levels in PCa tissues. Domain IV perlecan fragments were present in stage IV, but absent in normal, sera, suggesting perlecan degradation during metastasis. Together, perlecan fragments in sera and MMP-7 in tissues of PCa patients are measures of invasive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Grindel
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Quanlin Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rebecca Arnold
- Emory University Departments of Urology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Hematology and Medical Oncology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John Petros
- Emory University Departments of Urology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Hematology and Medical Oncology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,The Atlanta Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Majd Zayzafoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mark Muldoon
- Strategic Diagnostics Inc., Newark, DE 19702, USA.,Romer Labs Technology, Inc., Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - James Stave
- Strategic Diagnostics Inc., Newark, DE 19702, USA.,CD Diagnostics, Claymont, DE 19703, USA
| | - Leland W K Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Shehwaro N, Langlois AL, Gueutin V, Gauthier M, Casenave M, Izzedine H. [Doxycycline or how to create new with the old?]. Therapie 2014; 69:129-41. [PMID: 24926631 DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2013069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis. They were first widely prescribed by dermatologists in the early 1950s in the treatment of acne. More recently, their biological actions on inflammation, proteolysis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metal chelation, ionophoresis, and bone metabolism were studied. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs have direct or indirect effects on the vascular endothelium and the vascular relaxation/contraction system. The therapeutic effects of tetracyclines and analogues were studied in rosacea, bullous dermatoses, neutrophilic diseases, pyoderma gangrenosum, sarcoidosis, aortic aneurysms, cancer metastasis, periodontitis and autoimmune diseases autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. In addition, downregulation of MMP using doxycycline could be beneficial in reducing vascular dysfunction mediated by MMPs and progressive damage of the vascular wall. We review the nonantibiotic properties of doxycycline and its potential clinical applications.
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Sevimli A, Yağcı A, Bülbül A. Matrix metalloproteinase, vitamin A and methylprednisolone effects on experimentally induced amyloid arthropathy. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:336-44. [PMID: 23647009 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.788212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the role of some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enhancing the effect of vitamin A and the inhibiting effect of methylprednisolone on amyloid arthropathy in brown layer chicks. We used 100 one-day-old Isa brown layer chicks. The chicks were allocated to one of four groups as follows: negative control group (I), vitamin A group (II), positive control group (III) and methylprednisolone group (IV). Amyloid arthropathy was induced by injections of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left intertarsal joints of the chicks. Serum vitamin A and tissue MMP (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) levels were measured and differences among the groups were investigated. Serum vitamin A rates (μg/dl) were: 63.57 ± 4.10, 47.13 ± 10.62, 53.26 ± 10.79, 98.48 ± 8.20 in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively (p < 0.001). MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were evaluated in tissues from the chickens with amyloid arthropathy. Methylprednisolone significantly suppressed the release of MMP-1 and MMP-2, and increased the release of MMP-9 in birds with amyloid arthropathy. In addition, vitamin A significantly increased the release of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sevimli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversity, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Yu S, Li H, Ma Y, Fu Y. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 of gingival fibroblasts influenced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their association with receptor for AGEs and nuclear factor-κB in gingival connective tissue. J Periodontol 2011; 83:119-26. [PMID: 21563948 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on gingival inflammation has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the hypothesis that AGEs may enhance the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and to explore whether the signal pathway receptor for AGE (RAGE)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are involved in the expression of MMP-1 in HGFs. METHODS Cultured HGFs from 12 healthy gingival human tissue samples were coincubated with AGEs for the detection of MMP-1 protein and mRNA. Thirty-six gingival samples were collected and treated for the determination of RAGE, NF-κB, and MMP-1 mRNA level in gingival connective tissues from the participants with chronic periodontitis, diabetes-associated periodontitis, and healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time fluorescence reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used for the measurement of protein and mRNA level, respectively. In addition, clinical periodontal parameters were also checked. RESULTS AGEs strongly induced MMP-1 mRNA and protein expression in HGFs and in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05). In gingival connective tissue, the level of both RAGE mRNA and NF-κB mRNA were higher in patients with periodontitis than in healthy controls (P <0.05). There was significant correlation between the level of RAGE mRNA and NF-κB mRNA (R(2) = 0.90, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of AGEs may upregulate the expression of MMP-1 by HGFs, which may play a role in the development of diabetes-associated periodontitis, and RAGE/NF-κB pathway may be involved in metabolism of MMP-1 in HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sunk IG, Demetriou D, Szendroedi J, Amoyo L, Raffetseder A, Hörl WH, Sunder-Plassmann G, Smolen JS, Bobacz K. Cartilage biomarkers in hemodialysis patients and the effect of beta2-microglobulin on articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:1336-42. [PMID: 18457963 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a severe complication of maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Given the predominant deposition of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta2m) fibrils on articular cartilage in early DRA, we investigated the significance of beta2m and its relationship to distinct cartilage biomarkers in early DRA diagnosis in HD patients. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of beta2m on articular chondrocytes in vitro. METHODS Serum samples from 133 patients were collected before and after HD. Type II collagen cleavage product (C2C), procollagen II c-propeptide (CPII), aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope (CS-486) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Primary bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured as monolayers and incubated with beta2m at 1.5mg/l and 20mg/l. Cartilage glucosaminoglycan synthesis was measured by [(35)S]sulfate incorporation. mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-3 and -9 was measured by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Incubation with beta2m at 20mg/l significantly decreased matrix biosynthesis. PCR analysis revealed an increase of IL-1beta, as well as MMPs-3 and -9 on the mRNA level. C2C/CPII, CS-486 and COMP levels were increased only in a subset of patients without a significant correlation with beta2m concentrations. A subgroup analysis elucidated an increase in type II collagen degradation during the first years of HD, as shown by the elevation of C2C/CPII ratio. CONCLUSION beta2m exerted anti-anabolic effects on articular chondrocytes in vitro and might be involved in cartilage degradation in HD patients. beta2m serum levels, however, did not reflect cartilage degradation in DRA. The assessment of C2C/CPII, CS-486 or COMP concentrations apparently has minor relevance in DRA diagnosis in HD patients. However, the increased type II collagen breakdown within 5 years after HD onset possibly mirrors the early stages of DRA. Thus, the C2C/CPII ratio could be employed in longitudinal studies, since it may reflect a risk for DRA related arthropathy development in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-G Sunk
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Nagasaka T, Togashi S, Watanabe H, Iida H, Nagasaka K, Nakamura Y, Miwa M, Kobayashi F, Shindo K, Shiozawa Z. Clinical and histopathological features of progressive-type familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy with TTR Lys54. J Neurol Sci 2008; 276:88-94. [PMID: 18930252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features in patients with progressive-type familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) using autopsy and biopsy specimens. A proband is a 33-year-old man with FAP type I who developed motor, sensory and autonomic impairments with neuropathy, heart failure, and anorexia. Genetic findings of transthyretin (TTR) revealed G to A transition in codon 54 causing a rare mutation of TTR Lys54. He died of pneumonia and severe cardiac failure 4 years after onset. Autopsy showed heavy amyloid deposition in the heart, peripheral nerves, thyroid, skin, fat tissue, prostate and testis, moderate in the sympathetic nerve trunk, vagal nerve, celiac plexus, pelvic plexus, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, tongue, pancreas, lung, pituitary, blood vessel, gall bladder, adrenals and muscles, and free in the central nervous system, liver, kidney and spleen. Sural nerve biopsy in a sibling confirmed TTR amyloidosis immunohistochemically. Electronmicroscopic findings of amyloid fibrils were similar to that of FAP Met30. Immunoelectronmicroscopic findings indicated the relationship between amyloid fibrils or non-fibrillar structure and collagen fibers. The distribution of amyloid deposition, heavy in the heart and lacking in the kidney, is a characteristic feature and reflected severity of FAP with TTR Lys54.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamura Nagasaka
- Department of Neurology, University of Yamanashi, Chuou-City, Yamanashi, Japan.
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10
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Relationship between radiographic grading of osteoarthritis and serum beta-2 microglobulin. Ir J Med Sci 2008; 178:151-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-008-0219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Uemura K, Li M, Tsutsumi T, Yamazaki T, Kawada T, Kamiya A, Inagaki M, Sunagawa K, Sugimachi M. Efferent vagal nerve stimulation induces tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H2254-61. [PMID: 17693545 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00490.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vagal nerve stimulation has been suggested to ameliorate left ventricular (LV) remodeling in heart failure. However, it is not known whether and to what degree vagal nerve stimulation affects matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) in myocardium, which are known to play crucial roles in LV remodeling. We therefore investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of efferent vagal nerve on myocardial expression and activation of MMPs and TIMPs in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Anesthetized rabbits were subjected to 60 min of left coronary artery occlusion and 180 min of reperfusion with (I/R-VS, n = 8) or without vagal nerve stimulation (I/R, n = 7). Rabbits not subjected to coronary occlusion with (VS, n = 7) or without vagal stimulation (sham, n = 7) were used as controls. Total MMP-9 protein increased significantly after left coronary artery occlusion in I/R-VS and I/R to a similar degree compared with VS and sham values. Endogenous active MMP-9 protein level was significantly lower in I/R-VS compared with I/R. TIMP-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in I/R-VS compared with the I/R, VS, and sham groups. TIMP-1 protein was significantly increased in I/R-VS and VS compared with the I/R and sham groups. Cardiac microdialysis technique demonstrated that topical perfusion of acetylcholine increased dialysate TIMP-1 protein level, which was suppressed by coperfusion of atropine. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a strong expression of TIMP-1 protein in cardiomyocytes around the dialysis probe used to perfuse acetylcholine. In conclusion, in a rabbit model of myocardial I/R injury, vagal nerve stimulation induced TIMP-1 expression in cardiomyocytes and reduced active MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Uemura
- Dept. of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cardiovascular Center Research Inst., 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita 565-8565, Japan.
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Sakagami G, Sato E, Sugita Y, Kosaka T, Kubo K, Maeda H, Kameyama Y. Effects of nifedipine and interleukin-1alpha on the expression of collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:266-72. [PMID: 16827719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth is known to be characterized by fibrosis and some degree of inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of the fibrosis is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the effects of nifedipine and interleukin-1alpha on the molecules involved in fibrosis, namely type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). MATERIAL AND METHODS Four human gingival fibroblast strains, derived from four healthy volunteers, were cultured in media containing nifedipine (1 microg/ml), with or without interleukin-1alpha (0.05 ng/ml). The mRNAs of type I collagen, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The proteins of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ratios of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 proteins were calculated. RESULTS The mRNA expression of type I collagen showed no significant change. Both mRNA expression and protein production of MMP-1 were up-regulated by interleukin-1alpha, either alone or in combination with nifedipine, whereas those of TIMP-1 were up-regulated by nifedipine alone or in combination with interleukin-1alpha. The ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 was not changed by nifedipine alone, but it was increased by interleukin-1alpha alone or in combination with nifedipine. However, in two of the four cell strains tested, nifedipine reduced the ratio of MMP-1 to TIMP-1 compared with that for interleukin-1alpha alone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that nifedipine may predispose to fibrosis in some individuals in situations where interleukin-1 levels are raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sakagami
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Catterall JB, Rowan AD, Sarsfield S, Saklatvala J, Wait R, Cawston TE. Development of a novel 2D proteomics approach for the identification of proteins secreted by primary chondrocytes after stimulation by IL-1 and oncostatin M. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:1101-9. [PMID: 16567360 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a proteomics approach to study changes in the secreted protein levels of primary human chondrocytes after stimulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 and oncostatin M. METHODS Using both the primary human articular and bovine nasal chondrocyte-conditioned mediums, methods were investigated to enable the separation of proteins by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Differentially regulated proteins were identified using tandem electrospray mass spectrometery. RESULTS We discovered that proteoglycans and glycosylaminoglycans (GAGs) secreted by chondrocytes significantly interfered with 2D gel focusing. Several different methods for GAG removal were attempted including enzymic digestion, cetyl pyridinium chloride precipitation and anion exchange in high salt. The anion exchange proved to be the most effective. Even from these initial gels, we were able to identify eight proteins produced by human chondrocytes: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, YKL40, cyclophilin A, beta2-microglobulin, transthyretin, S100A11, peroxidine 1 and cofilin. MMP-1, MMP-3, YKL40 and cyclophilin A were all identified as processed, smaller peptide fragments. CONCLUSIONS We were able to develop a novel sample preparation protocol to allow the reproducible sample preparation of secreted proteins from human chondrocytes. From the initial data, we were able to show that at least some of the proteins produced were cleaved to smaller fragments as a result of proteolysis. Therefore, this technique provides valuable information about protein processing which gene-based arrays do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Catterall
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Inatomi K, Matsumoto T, Tomonaga T, Eto M, Shindo H, Hayashi T, Konishi H. Histological analysis of the ligamentum flavum of patients with dialysis-related spondyloarthropathy. J Orthop Sci 2004; 9:285-90. [PMID: 15168185 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-004-0767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dialysis-related spondyloarthropathy (DRS) is a severe complication of long-term hemodialysis that ultimately leads to functional disability of the upper and lower extremities. Although the cause of this disease is still unknown, it is thought that amyloid deposits are involved. beta2-Microglobulin (beta2M) is a major component of amyloid fibrils, some of which are modified with the advanced glycation end-product (AGE). To clarify the pathophysiology of DRS we histologically examined the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine in 15 patients with DRS. The mean duration of hemodialysis was 20 years (12-27 years). In addition to the congo red stain for amyloid, beta2M and AGE were detected by immunohistochemical methods. Macrophages were stained with CD68 antibody. Amyloid deposits were found in tissues, although the extent of the stained area differed among the patients. Part of the amyloid deposit area was positively immunostained for beta2M and AGE. In 10 cases macrophages positive for CD68 infiltrated around the amyloid deposits. Comparing these histological findings with the dialysis duration, more positive staining areas for beta2M and AGE were found in the tissue from patients with long-term dialysis. These findings suggest that both beta2M and AGE play roles in the pathogenesis of DRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshiro Inatomi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Beta-2 microglobulin is the most widely studied low-molecular-weight protein in end-stage renal disease. It is known to cause dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), by virtue of its retention when renal function fails, its deposition in tissues, its aggregation into fibrils, and its ability to become glycosylated. The onset of DRA may be protracted by the use of noncellulosic membranes, especially when high-volume hemodiafiltration is used in the treatment of renal failure. Adsorptive methods have been developed to improve the removal of beta-2 microglobulin. There seems to be a relative risk reduction in mortality when patients are treated with dialysis membranes that have a higher clearance of beta-2 microglobulin.
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Cocklin RR, Zhang Y, O'Neill KD, Chen NX, Moe SM, Bidasee KR, Wang M. Identity and localization of advanced glycation end products on human beta2-microglobulin using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2003; 314:322-5. [PMID: 12654321 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross R Cocklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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17
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Abstract
To explain the strong association between HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis, we suggest that the release of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) from a subpopulation of cell surface-expressed HLA-B27 molecules leads to beta(2)m-deposition within synovia and to the initiation of an inflammatory process, which culminates in destructive spondyloarthropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler
- Institut für Immungenetik, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Spandauer Damm 130, 14050 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Zhang H, Liew CC, Marshall KW. Microarray analysis reveals the involvement of beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) in human osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002; 10:950-60. [PMID: 12464555 DOI: 10.1053/joca.2002.0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) has effects on articular chondrocytes that would implicate B2M involvement in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. METHODS The mRNA levels of B2M in fetal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes were detected by RT-PCR. B2M levels in synovial fluid and tissue cultured media from cartilage explants were tested using B2M ELISA kit. Primary cultured chondrocytes were used for proliferation and microarray experiments. RESULTS The average B2M level in OA synovial fluid is significantly higher than that found in normal synovial fluid. However, there was no significant difference in B2M synovial fluid levels amongst differing OA stages. The release of B2M by osteoarthritic cartilage was detectable after 24h in culture and continued to increase during the 72 h study period. B2M had an inhibitory effect on chondrocyte growth at 1.0 microg/ml, and became significantly inhibitory at 10.0 microg/ml. Genes regulated by B2M were detected through microarray technology. Twenty genes were found to be up-regulated by B2M, including collagen type III which is known to be up-regulated in OA. Eleven genes were found to be down-regulated at least two-fold by B2M. CONCLUSION These results indicate that B2M is highly expressed in OA cartilage and synovial fluid compared to normal, and suggest that B2M may have effects on chondrocyte function that could contribute to OA pathogenesis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Room 7213 Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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19
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HOU FF. Dialysis-related amyloidosis: role of advanced glycation end product-β-microglobulin in joint inflammation. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1561-5413(09)60083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Macrophage infiltration is a distinctive histological characteristic of beta2-microglobulin amyloidosis. Studies reported during the past years have helped to clarify the role of monocytes/macrophages in the fibrillar precipitation of beta2-microglobulin and in the pathogenesis of osteoarticular pathology. RECENT FINDINGS Contrary to the original view, macrophage infiltration is more likely a secondary phenomenon of amyloidosis rather than an initiating event. The observation that macrophages are associated with a later stage of beta2-microglobulin amyloidosis suggests a possible role of these cells in transformation of clinical silent deposits into symptomatic osteoarticular destruction. Accumulating evidence suggests that beta2-microglobulin modified with advanced glycation end products plays a key role in recruitment and activation of macrophages through an advanced glycation end products receptor-mediated pathway, and thus may contribute to the development of local cellular inflammation in beta2-microglobulin amyloidosis. SUMMARY Beta 2-microglobulin amyloidosis arthropathies may result from progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end products in long-lived amyloid linked to a heightened cellular response. Antagonism of the interaction between advanced glycation end products and their receptor may be a relevant strategy for cellular inflammation in beta2-microglobulin amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Hou FF, Jiang JP, Guo JQ, Wang GB, Zhang X, Stern DM, Schmidt AM, Owen WF. Receptor for advanced glycation end products on human synovial fibroblasts: role in the pathogenesis of dialysis-related amyloidosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:1296-1306. [PMID: 11961018 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v1351296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An important component of amyloid fibrils in dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) modified with advanced glycation end products (AGE). The amyloid deposits are located principally in joint structures, with adjacent chronic inflammatory reaction characterized by monocyte infiltration. This study examined the interaction of AGE-beta(2)m with human synovial fibroblasts and investigated the proinflammatory effects of that interaction. It was demonstrated that human synovial fibroblasts constitutively expressed the receptor for AGE (RAGE). RAGE expression was detected mainly in synovial intima and was upregulated in DRA synovium. (125)I-AGE-beta(2)m bound to immobilized human synovial fibroblasts in a specific, dose-dependent manner (K(d) of approximately 138.0 nM), and binding was inhibited by anti-RAGE IgG. Incubation of human synovial fibroblasts with AGE-beta(2)m induced degradation of this AGE-modified protein, as well as increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein expression. The amount of MCP-1 produced by AGE-beta(2)m-stimulated human synovial fibroblasts was sufficient to induce the chemotaxis of monocytes. MCP-1 synthesis resulted from engagement of RAGE, because the increase in MCP-1 synthesis was attenuated by preincubation of human synovial fibroblasts with anti-RAGE IgG. These data provide evidence of RAGE-mediated perturbation of human synoviocytes, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes associated with DRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan Hou
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jian Ping Jiang
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jun Qi Guo
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Guo Bao Wang
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xun Zhang
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David M Stern
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William F Owen
- *Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Surgery, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; and Institute of Renal Outcomes Research and Health Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Chen NX, O'Neill KD, Niwa T, Moe SM. Signal transduction of beta2m-induced expression of VCAM-1 and COX-2 in synovial fibroblasts. Kidney Int 2002; 61:414-24. [PMID: 11849381 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND beta2 microglobulin (beta2m) amyloidosis is a destructive articular disease affecting dialysis patients. We have demonstrated that beta2m increases the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human osteoarthritic synovial fibroblasts (SFLs). METHODS To determine the cell signaling pathways, SFLs were incubated with beta2m in the presence or absence of various inhibitors for 24 hours. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was measured by fluorometric techniques and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS beta2m increased [Ca2+]i levels in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05) in SFLs. BAPTA-AM, a [Ca2+]i chelator, completely inhibited beta2m-induced expression of VCAM-1 and COX-2. U73122 [phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor] or 2-APB [specific inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced [Ca2+]i release] completely blocked the beta2m-induced increase in [Ca2+]i and the up-regulation of VCAM-1 and COX-2. However, pretreatment with staurosporin, a protein kinase C inhibitor, had no effect. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton by treatment with cytochalasin D or latrunculin A blocked beta2m up-regulation of VCAM-1 and COX-2. Finally, cells treated with phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) inhibitors wortmannin or LY294002 also failed to express VCAM-1 and COX-2. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that IP3-mediated [Ca2+]i release, PI-3 kinase, and actin cytoskeleton reorganization are involved in beta2m-induced expression of VCAM-1 and COX-2 in human SFLs. Understanding the potential pathways by which beta2m exerts its inflammatory-like effects may lead to the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal X Chen
- Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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23
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Lonnemann G, Koch KM. β2-Microglobulin Amyloidosis: Effects of Ultrapure Dialysate and Type of Dialyzer Membrane. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002. [DOI: 10.1681/asn.v13suppl_1s72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. The available data on the pathophysiology of β2-microglobulin amyloidosis (β2mA) suggest that this progressive disease associated with end-stage renal failure develops in several consecutive phases. First, declining kidney function leads to retention of β2 microglobulin (β2m) and its deposition preferentially in the synovial tissue of bigger joints such as wrists, shoulders, and hips. Second, at the site of deposition, formation of unique amyloid fibrils, whose major component is β2m, takes place. Deposition and fibril formation occur in the absence of modification of β2mA by advanced glycoxidation end products and also in the absence of a local inflammatory response. It is later, in the third phase, that advanced glycoxidation end product modification of β2m induces a local inflammatory response by attracting macrophages chemotactically and by stimulating these cells to produce and release proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, unmodified β2m itself induces inflammatory activities such as upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and metalloproteinase-1. The severity of the local inflammation seems to determine the degree of the destructive processes in tissue and bone accompanying β2mA.
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Trumble TN, Trotter GW, Oxford JR, McIlwraith CW, Cammarata S, Goodnight JL, Billinghurst RC, Frisbie DD. Synovial fluid gelatinase concentrations and matrix metalloproteinase and cytokine expression in naturally occurring joint disease in horses. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62:1467-77. [PMID: 11560279 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in synovial fluid; and mRNA expression of MMP-1, -13, and -3; interleukin[IL]-1alpha and beta; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in synovial membrane and articular cartilage from horses with naturally occurring joint disease. SAMPLE POPULATION Synovial fluid (n = 76), synovial membrane (59), and articular cartilage (45) from 5 clinically normal horses and 55 horses with joint disease categorized as traumatic (acute [AT] or chronic [CT]), osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), or septic (S). PROCEDURE Synovial fluid gelatinase concentrations were analyzed, using zymography. Synovial membrane and articular cartilage mRNA expression for MMP-1, -3, and -13, IL-1alpha and beta, TNF-alpha, type-II collagen, and aggrecan were analyzed, using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Synovial fluid pro-MMP-2 concentration was significantly higher in diseased joints than normal joints. Septic joints had significantly higher concentrations of pro and active MMP-9. Stromelysin-1 was expressed in > or = 80% of synovial membrane and articular cartilage samples and was strongly influenced by age. Collagenases were rarely expressed, with MMP-13 expressed only in diseased joints. Interleukin-1beta expression was significantly higher in all OCD samples and was influenced by age. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was significantly higher in cartilage from joints with AT and OCD. There was no correlation between MMP or cytokines and type-II collagen or aggrecan expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -3 are abundant in naturally occurring joint disease and normal joints. Interleukin-1beta and TNF-alpha may be important in the pathogenesis of OCD. Age affects MMP and IL-1beta concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Trumble
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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25
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DeGroot J, Verzijl N, Budde M, Bijlsma JW, Lafeber FP, TeKoppele JM. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products decreases collagen turnover by bovine chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res 2001; 266:303-10. [PMID: 11399058 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the collagen network is essential for articular cartilage to fulfill its function in load support and distribution. Damage to the collagen network is one of the first characteristics of osteoarthritis. Since extensive collagen damage is considered irreversible, it is crucial that chondrocytes maintain a functional collagen network. We investigated the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the turnover of collagen by articular cartilage chondrocytes. Increased AGE levels (by culturing in the presence of ribose) resulted in decreased collagen synthesis (P < 0.05) and decreased MMP-mediated collagen degradation (P < 0.02). The latter could be attributed to increased resistance of the collagen network to MMPs (P < 0.05) as well as the decreased production of MMPs by chondrocytes (P < 0.02). Turnover of a protein is determined by its synthesis and degradation rates and therefore these data indicate that collagen turnover is decreased at enhanced AGE levels. Since AGE levels in human cartilage increase approximately 50 fold between age 20 and 80, cartilage collagen turnover likely decreases with increasing age. Impaired collagen turnover adversely affects the capacity of chondrocytes to remodel and/or repair its extracellular matrix. Consequently, age-related accumulation of AGE (via decreased collagen turnover) may contribute to the development of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J DeGroot
- Gaubius Laboratory, TNO Prevention and Health, Leiden, 2301 CE, The Netherlands.
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26
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Jaradat MI, Schnizlein-Bick CT, Singh GK, Moe SM. beta(2)-Microglobulin increases the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule on human synovial fibroblasts. Kidney Int 2001; 59:1951-9. [PMID: 11318968 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590051951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND beta(2)-Microglobulin (beta(2)m) amyloidosis is a destructive articular disease that affects patients on dialysis. The disease presentation is similar to other forms of arthritis in which adhesion molecules are felt to be pathogenic. Therefore, we hypothesized that beta(2)m directly increases the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by synovial fibroblasts. We also examined the effect of alteration of beta(2)m by advanced glycation end products on this cellular response. METHODS Human synovial fibroblasts were isolated and incubated with beta(2)m with and without alteration with advanced glycation end products. VCAM-1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blot and Northern blot analyses. RESULTS beta(2)m increased the protein expression of VCAM-1 by synovial fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. beta(2)m altered with advanced glycation end products had no effect. However, all forms of beta(2)m increased VCAM-1 mRNA. beta(2)m also increased the adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to synovial fibroblasts. CONCLUSION beta2m directly increases the expression of VCAM-1 by synovial fibroblasts, indicating that synovial fibroblasts may play a key role in the pathogenesis of beta(2)m amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Jaradat
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Richard Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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27
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Hou FF, Reddan DN, Seng WK, Owen WF. Pathogenesis of beta(2)-microglobulin amyloidosis: role of monocytes/macrophages. Semin Dial 2001; 14:135-9. [PMID: 11264784 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2001.00034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M) amyloidosis (A beta(2)M) is a serious, often incapacitating complication for patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Amyloid deposits composed of beta(2)M fibrils as the major constituent protein are mainly localized in joints and periarticular bone and lead to chronic arthralgias, carpal tunnel syndrome, and eventually destructive arthropathy. Although recent histologic studies have shown the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages around amyloid deposits, the factor(s) causing their infiltration and pathologic involvement have yet to be fully elucidated. Immunohistochemical staining reveals that macrophages in tenosynovial tissues express CD13, CD14, CD33, HLA-DR, and CD68 antigens on their surfaces and express interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-6. Many of these cells also express LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), and VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) on their surfaces. AGE-modified beta(2)M enhances chemotaxis of monocytes and stimulates macrophages to release bone-resorbing cytokines, such as IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6. Via a RAGE-mediated pathway, AGE-modified, but not unmodified beta(2)M, significantly delays constitutive apoptosis of human peripheral blood monocytes. Monocytes survival in an advanced glycation end product (AGE) beta(2)M-containing microenvironment is associated with their phenotypic alteration into macrophage-like cells that generate more reactive oxygen species and elaborate greater quantities of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. Thus through regulation of their survival and differentiation, AGE beta(2)M in amyloid deposits may be able to influence the presence and quantity of infiltrated monocytes, and hence their biologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Peoples Republic of China
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Bellotti V, Gallieni M, Giorgetti S, Brancaccio D. Dynamic of beta(2)-microglobulin fibril formation and reabsorption: the role of proteolysis. Semin Dial 2001; 14:117-22. [PMID: 11264779 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2001.00030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is caused by the deposition, in target tissues, of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M) in fibrillar conformation. Several reports indicate that fibrillar beta(2)M is chemically heterogeneous and such heterogeneity is partially related to the presence of truncated species of the protein. In association with the full-length species, a beta(2)M isoform lacking six N-terminal residues is present in all the samples of our collection of ex vivo fibrils. The pattern of proteolytic cleavage in amyloidosis and in other diseases is completely different, as demonstrated by the absence in fibrillar beta(2)M of the cleavage at lysine 58, which is contrary to that described in rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. The role of limited proteolysis of beta(2)M in the pathogenesis of the disease is uncertain. However, we have shown that the apparently minor modification of the intact protein, such as the removal of N-terminal hexapeptide, is capable of dramatically affecting its stability, protection from proteolytic digestion, and enhance its capacity to make in vitro amyloid fibrils. The structure, folding dynamic, and function of the truncated species of beta(2)M, peculiar of DRA, could shed new light on the mechanism of beta(2)M fibril formation and reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bellotti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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29
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Moe SM, Chen NX. The role of the synovium and cartilage in the pathogenesis of beta(2)-microglobulin amyloidosis. Semin Dial 2001; 14:127-30. [PMID: 11264781 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-139x.2001.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The predilection for beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M) amyloid deposition in articular structures is unique compared to other forms of amyloid; this article focuses on possible pathogenic mechanisms. The synovium and/or cartilage appear to be important in the pathogenesis of beta(2)M amyloidosis (A beta(2)M), as amyloid is not found in the shafts of long bones. The concentration of beta(2)M in the joint fluid parallels that in serum. Once in the joint space, evidence suggests that the beta(2)M binds to collagen in cartilage as the initial site of deposition. This binding may serve as the first step in subsequent amyloid formation, although this remains to be proven. beta(2)M has been shown to have many direct effects on synovial fibroblasts, including induction of the release of cytokines, metalloproteinases, cyclooxygenase-2, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The release of these inflammatory mediators that lead to tissue degradation is also observed in other forms of arthritis. Thus beta(2)M itself may elicit the release of inflammatory mediators from synovial fibroblasts even in the absence of cellular infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Moe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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