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Hinze C, Lovric S, Halloran PF, Barasch J, Schmidt-Ott KM. Epithelial cell states associated with kidney and allograft injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:447-459. [PMID: 38632381 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The kidney epithelium, with its intricate arrangement of highly specialized cell types, constitutes the functional core of the organ. Loss of kidney epithelium is linked to the loss of functional nephrons and a subsequent decline in kidney function. In kidney transplantation, epithelial injury signatures observed during post-transplantation surveillance are strong predictors of adverse kidney allograft outcomes. However, epithelial injury is currently neither monitored clinically nor addressed therapeutically after kidney transplantation. Several factors can contribute to allograft epithelial injury, including allograft rejection, drug toxicity, recurrent infections and postrenal obstruction. The injury mechanisms that underlie allograft injury overlap partially with those associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the native kidney. Studies using advanced transcriptomic analyses of single cells from kidney or urine have identified a role for kidney injury-induced epithelial cell states in exacerbating and sustaining damage in AKI and CKD. These epithelial cell states and their associated expression signatures are also observed in transplanted kidney allografts, suggesting that the identification and characterization of transcriptomic epithelial cell states in kidney allografts may have potential clinical implications for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hinze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svjetlana Lovric
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philip F Halloran
- Alberta Transplant Applied Genomics Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplant Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Rysmakhanov MS, Zare A, Smagulov AS, Abenova NA, Mussin NM, Sultangereyev YB, Zhakiyev BS, Kuttymuratov GK, Haberal M, Jafari N, Baneshi H, Bakhshalizadeh S, Mahdipour M, Rahmanifar F, Tamadon A. Comprehensive Overview of Innovative Strategies in Preventing Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury: Insights from Bibliometric and In silico Analyses. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1578-1598. [PMID: 38676525 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128283420240409050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process with severe consequences, including irreversible loss of renal function. Various intraoperative prevention methods have been proposed to mitigate the harmful effects of warm ischemia and kidney reperfusion. AIM This comprehensive analysis provides an overview of pharmacological agents and intraoperative methods for preventing and treating renal IRI. METHODS Our analysis revealed that eplerenone exhibited the highest binding affinity to crucial targets, including Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (AD), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Klotho protein, Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR), and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). This finding indicates eplerenone's potential as a potent preventive agent against IRI, surpassing other available therapeutics like Benzodioxole, Hydrocortisone, Indoles, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and Niacinamide. In preventing kidney IRI, our comprehensive analysis emphasizes the significance of eplerenone due to its strong binding affinity to key targets involved in the pathogenesis of IRI. RESULTS This finding positions eplerenone as a promising candidate for further clinical investigation and consideration for future clinical practice. CONCLUSION The insights provided in this analysis will assist clinicians and researchers in selecting effective preventive approaches for renal IRI in surgical settings, potentially improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myltykbay S Rysmakhanov
- Department of Surgery and Urology No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Aktobe Medical Center, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Aibolat S Smagulov
- Department of Surgery and Urology No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurgul A Abenova
- Department of General Medical Practice No. 1, West Kazakhstan Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Nadiar M Mussin
- Department of Surgery and Urology No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan B Sultangereyev
- Department of Surgery and Urology No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Aktobe Medical Center, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Bazylbek S Zhakiyev
- Department of Surgery and Urology No. 2, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Gani K Kuttymuratov
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Aktobe Medical Center, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehmet Haberal
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Rahmanifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Aktobe Medical Center, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
- Department for Scientific Work, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
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3
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Xing Z, Gong K, Hu N, Chen Y. The Reduction of Uromodulin, Complement Factor H, and Their Interaction Is Associated with Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition in a Four-Time Cisplatin-Injected Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076636. [PMID: 37047611 PMCID: PMC10095257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Uromodulin is recognized as a protective factor during AKI-to-CKD progression, but the mechanism remains unclear. We previously reported that uromodulin interacts with complement factor H (CFH) in vitro, and currently aimed to study the expression and interaction evolution of uromodulin and CFH during AKI-to-CKD transition. We successfully established a rat model of AKI-to-CKD transition induced by a four-time cisplatin treatment. The blood levels of BUN, SCR, KIM-1 and NGAL increased significantly during the acute injury phase and exhibited an uptrend in chronic progression. PAS staining showed the nephrotoxic effects of four-time cisplatin injection on renal tubules, and Sirius red highlighted the increasing collagen fiber. Protein and mRNA levels of uromodulin decreased while urine levels increased in acute renal injury on chronic background. An extremely diminished level of uromodulin correlated with severe renal fibrosis. RNA sequencing revealed an upregulation of the alternative pathway in the acute stage. Renal CFH gene expression showed an upward tendency, while blood CFH localized less, decreasing the abundance of CFH in kidney and following sustained C3 deposition. A co-IP assay detected the linkage between uromodulin and CFH. In the model of AKI-to-CKD transition, the levels of uromodulin and CFH decreased, which correlated with kidney dysfunction and fibrosis. The interaction between uromodulin and CFH might participate in AKI-to-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Xing
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Kunjing Gong
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of CKD Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100034, China
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4
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Schulz R, Schlüter KD. Importance of Mitochondria in Cardiac Pathologies: Focus on Uncoupling Proteins and Monoamine Oxidases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076459. [PMID: 37047436 PMCID: PMC10095304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the onset and progression of a wide array of diseases. On the other hand, these are a part of signaling pathways related to cell metabolism, growth and survival. While ROS are produced at various cellular sites, in cardiomyocytes the largest amount of ROS is generated by mitochondria. Apart from the electron transport chain and various other proteins, uncoupling protein (UCP) and monoamine oxidases (MAO) have been proposed to modify mitochondrial ROS formation. Here, we review the recent information on UCP and MAO in cardiac injuries induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) as well as protection from I/R and heart failure secondary to I/R injury or pressure overload. The current data in the literature suggest that I/R will preferentially upregulate UCP2 in cardiac tissue but not UCP3. Studies addressing the consequences of such induction are currently inconclusive because the precise function of UCP2 in cardiac tissue is not well understood, and tissue- and species-specific aspects complicate the situation. In general, UCP2 may reduce oxidative stress by mild uncoupling and both UCP2 and UCP3 affect substrate utilization in cardiac tissue, thereby modifying post-ischemic remodeling. MAOs are important for the physiological regulation of substrate concentrations. Upon increased expression and or activity of MAOs, however, the increased production of ROS and reactive aldehydes contribute to cardiac alterations such as hypertrophy, inflammation, irreversible cardiomyocyte injury, and failure.
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5
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Chamsuwan S, Buranakarl C, Angkanaporn K, Dissayabutra T, Chuaypen N, Pisitkun T, Kalpongnukul N. A urinary proteomic study in hypercalciuric dogs with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Vet World 2022; 15:2937-2944. [PMID: 36718335 PMCID: PMC9880843 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2937-2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hypercalciuria is an important predisposing factor commonly found in humans and dogs with calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis. Calcium oxalate crystals can induce an inflammatory reaction that subsequently produces several proteins that have an inhibitory or stimulatory effect on stone formation. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in urinary proteomic profiles between hypercalciuric CaOx stone dogs and hypercalciuric stone-free dogs (CaOx stone and control groups, respectively). Materials and Methods Seven dogs with hypercalciuric CaOx urolithiasis and breed-, sex-, and aged-matched controls with hypercalciuria were included in the study. Serum and urine samples were obtained from all dogs to analyze electrolytes. Urinary proteomic profiles were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Student's t-test was used to compare the differences between groups. Results Forty-nine urinary proteins were identified in the stone-free and CaOx stone groups, whereas 19 and 6 proteins were unique in the CaOx stone and stone-free groups, respectively. The urinary thrombomodulin level was significantly higher in the CaOx stone group (relative ratio = 1.8, p < 0.01) than in the stone-free group. Conclusion This study demonstrated that urinary proteomic profiles may be used as a candidate biomarker for urinary tract injury in CaOx urolithiasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumonwan Chamsuwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chollada Buranakarl
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Corresponding author: Chollada Buranakarl, e-mail: Co-authors: SC: , KA: , TD: , NC: , TP: , NK:
| | - Kris Angkanaporn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thasinas Dissayabutra
- Metabolic Disease in Gut and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Metabolic Disease in Gut and Urinary System Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Akwo EA, Chen HC, Liu G, Triozzi JL, Tao R, Yu Z, Chung CP, Giri A, Ikizler TA, Stein CM, Siew ED, Feng Q, Robinson-Cohen C, Hung AM. Phenome-Wide Association Study of UMOD Gene Variants and Differential Associations With Clinical Outcomes Across Populations in the Million Veteran Program a Multiethnic Biobank. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1802-1818. [PMID: 35967117 PMCID: PMC9366371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Common variants in the UMOD gene are considered an evolutionary adaptation against urinary tract infections (UTIs) and have been implicated in kidney stone formation, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension. However, differences in UMOD variant-phenotype associations across population groups are unclear. Methods We tested associations between UMOD/PDILT variants and up to 1528 clinical diagnosis codes mapped to phenotype groups in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), using published phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) methodology. Associations were tested using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and 10 principal components of ancestry. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Results Among 648,593 veterans, mean (SD) age was 62 (14) years; 9% were female, 19% Black, and 8% Hispanic. In White patients, the rs4293393 UMOD risk variant associated with increased uromodulin was associated with increased odds of CKD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.20-1.24, P = 5.90 × 10-111), end-stage kidney disease (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11-1.24, P = 2.40 × 10-09), and hypertension (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.05-1.05, P = 2.11 × 10-06) and significantly lower odds of UTIs (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.96, P = 1.21 × 10-10) and kidney calculus (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.83-0.86, P = 4.27 × 10-69). Similar findings were observed across UMOD/PDILT variants. The rs77924615 PDILT variant had stronger associations with acute cystitis in White female (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.91, P = 4.98 × 10-03) versus male (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89-1.11, P = 8.80 × 10-01) (P interaction = 0.01) patients. In Black patients, the rs77924615 PDILT variant was significantly associated with pyelonephritis (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54-0.79, P = 1.05 × 10-05), whereas associations with UMOD promoter variants were attenuated. Conclusion Robust associations were observed between UMOD/PDILT variants linked with increased uromodulin expression and lower odds of UTIs and calculus and increased odds of CKD and hypertension. However, these associations varied significantly across ancestry groups and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis A. Akwo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hua-Chang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ge Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jefferson L. Triozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cecilia P. Chung
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - T. Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Edward D. Siew
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adriana M. Hung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - the VA Million Veteran Program12
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Curtis LM, Balkawade R. Thermoneutral Regulation and Acute Injury: Implications for Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 146:229-233. [PMID: 34823244 PMCID: PMC9090934 DOI: 10.1159/000520143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has demonstrated sex differences as illustrated in clinical and preclinical studies. In most cases, females show a significant resistance to AKI as manifested by renal indicators of injury, and thus much of the literature is derived from studies exclusively in males. Thermoneutral housing alters sex differences in acute injury of the liver, but has not been studied in the kidney. Thermoneutrality, the ambient temperature at which additional energy is not needed to maintain core body temperature, is regulated by mechanisms residing in mitochondria. Importantly, mitochondrial function plays an important role in induction and recovery of AKI. Mechanisms that regulate thermoneutrality include uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and one of its upstream regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). PGC-1α has been extensively studied in AKI in males. UCP-2, a UCP expressed in the kidney, has been minimally studied in AKI in males. Expression of other UCPs in the kidney has not been well defined. No studies of either PGC-1α or UCPs have interrogated for a sex difference nor have they been investigated at thermoneutrality in the kidney. In this brief review, pathways of importance in thermoneutrality are described and related to pathways of importance in modulating susceptibility to AKI. Clarity in the understanding of the impact of thermoneutrality on AKI in altering susceptibility in females may expand our understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial function in this setting. Unique utilization of mitochondrial-based molecular pathways in females may then inform potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Curtis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rohan Balkawade
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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8
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Belisário AR, S Filha RD, de Almeida JA, Mendes FG, Rezende PV, Vieira ÉL, E Silva AC. Novel kidney injury biomarkers in a large cohort of children with sickle cell anemia. Biomark Med 2021; 15:999-1009. [PMID: 34289712 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare novel kidney injury biomarkers in sickle cell anemia (SCA) children with and without albuminuria or glomerular hyperfiltration. Materials & methods: A total of 358 Brazilian children with SCA were studied. Fifteen kidney injury biomarkers in urine were measured. Albuminuria was defined as urine albumin/creatinine ratio >100 mg/g. Glomerular hyperfiltration was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥140 ml/min/1.73 m2. Results: After adjustment for age, sex and modifying therapies in use, EGF and collagen IV urinary levels were associated with albuminuria. Renin and clusterin levels were associated with hyperfiltration. Conclusion: Levels of novel kidney injury biomarkers were associated with albuminuria and hyperfiltration in Brazilian children with SCA, suggesting concomitant structural and functional abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Belisário
- Centro de Tecidos Biológicos de Minas Gerais, Fundação Hemominas, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, 33400000, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina/Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico (NUPAD), UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil
| | - Roberta da S Filha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A de Almeida
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil
| | - Fabíola G Mendes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil
| | - Paulo V Rezende
- Faculdade de Medicina/Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico (NUPAD), UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil.,Ambulatório do Hemocentro de Belo Horizonte, Fundação Hemominas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130110, Brazil
| | - Érica Lm Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil
| | - Ana Cs E Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100, Brazil
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9
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Tanaka Y, Kamisako T. Regulation of the expression of cholesterol transporters by lipid-lowering drugs ezetimibe and pemafibrate in rat liver and intestine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166215. [PMID: 34265370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ezetimibe and pemafibrate are lipid-lowering drugs and promote reverse cholesterol transport. However, it is unknown whether cholesterol is mainly excreted by hepatobiliary excretion or by non-biliary transintestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE). We evaluated the effects of ezetimibe and pemafibrate on hepatic and intestinal cholesterol transporter regulation in Sham-operated rats, and examined the effects of these drugs on TICE in bile duct-ligated rats. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated as follows for two weeks: 1) Sham, Sham operation; 2) BDL, bile duct ligation; 3) E-Sham, Sham + ezetimibe; 4) E-BDL, BDL + ezetimibe; 5) P-Sham, Sham + pemafibrate; and 6) P-BDL, BDL + pemafibrate. Blood, liver, jejunum, and feces were collected 72 h post-surgery. Hepatic cholesterol levels were decreased in P-Sham and E-Sham, and were lower in E-BDL and P-BDL than in BDL. Fecal cholesterol levels increased in E-Sham and P-Sham compared with Sham, and were higher in E-BDL and P-BDL than in BDL. In liver, Abcg5 mRNA showed induction in E-Sham, Abcg5 and Abca1 mRNA were induced in P-Sham, Abcg5 mRNA was reduced in E-BDL, and Abca1 mRNA was increased in P-BDL. In jejunum, Abcg5 mRNA was induced in E-Sham. Abcg8 mRNA was induced in E-Sham and P-Sham. NPC1L1 mRNA showed reduced expression in P-Sham and P-BDL. SR-B1 mRNA was reduced in P-Sham, and the expression decreased in P-BDL. LDL receptor mRNA was induced in BDL and P-BDL. Ezetimibe and pemafibrate may promote TICE by increasing Abcg5/g8, while pemafibrate may inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption by decreasing SR-B1 and NPC1L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Kamisako
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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10
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Unterschemmann K, Ehrmann A, Herzig I, Andreevski AL, Lustig K, Schmeck C, Eitner F, Grundmann M. Pharmacological inhibition of Vanin-1 is not protective in models of acute and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F61-F73. [PMID: 33196323 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00373.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key concept in basic, translational, and clinical research to understand the pathophysiology of various disorders, including cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although attempts to directly reduce oxidative stress with redox-active substances have until now largely failed to prove clinical benefit, indirect approaches to combat oxidative stress enzymatically have gained further attention as potential therapeutic strategies. The pantetheinase Vanin-1 is expressed on kidney proximal tubular cells, and its reaction product cysteamine is described to negatively affect redox homeostasis by inhibiting the replenishment of cellular antioxidative glutathione stores. Vanin-1-deficient mice were shown to be protected against oxidative stress damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether pharmacological inhibition of Vanin-1 protects mice from oxidative stress-related acute or chronic kidney injury as well. By studying renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Col4α3-/- (Alport syndrome) mice and in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation in human proximal tubular cells we found that treatment with a selective and potent Vanin-1 inhibitor resulted in ample inhibition of enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo. However, surrogate parameters of metabolic and redox homeostasis were only partially and insufficiently affected. Consequently, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species level in tubular cells as well as overall kidney function and fibrotic processes were not improved by Vanin-1 inhibition. We thus conclude that Vanin-1 functionality in the context of cardiovascular diseases needs further investigation and the biological relevance of pharmacological Vanin-1 inhibition for the treatment of kidney diseases remains to be proven.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Kidney Injury/enzymology
- Acute Kidney Injury/genetics
- Acute Kidney Injury/pathology
- Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control
- Amidohydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amidohydrolases/genetics
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autoantigens/genetics
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Collagen Type IV/genetics
- Collagen Type IV/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fibrosis
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/enzymology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nephritis, Hereditary/enzymology
- Nephritis, Hereditary/genetics
- Nephritis, Hereditary/pathology
- Nephritis, Hereditary/prevention & control
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/enzymology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control
- Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ina Herzig
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Klemens Lustig
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmeck
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
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11
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Wen Y, Yang C, Menez SP, Rosenberg AZ, Parikh CR. A Systematic Review of Clinical Characteristics and Histologic Descriptions of Acute Tubular Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1993-2001. [PMID: 33163720 PMCID: PMC7609907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term "acute tubular injury" (ATI) represents histopathologic renal tubular injury and often manifests clinically as acute kidney injury (AKI). Studies systematically summarizing the clinical presentation and histological changes in human ATI are limited. METHODS We used a comprehensive search strategy to search human studies of ATI from 1936 to July 2019. We extracted study characteristics, clinical characteristics, and histologic descriptions of ATI by bright field, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. We compared ATI histology as a function of tissue procurement type, timing, and etiologies. RESULTS We included 292 studies comprising a total of 1987 patients. The majority of studies (222 of 292, 76%) were single-center case reports. The mean age of included patients was 47 years. In native kidney biopsy cases, baseline, peak, and latest creatinine were 1.3 mg/dl, 7.19 mg/dl, and 1.85 mg/dl respectively, and biopsy was performed mostly after peak creatinine (86.7%, 391 of 451). We identified 16 histologic descriptions of tubular injury, including tubular cell sloughing (115 of 292, 39.4%), tubular epithelial flattening/simplification (110 of 292, 37.7%), tubular dilatation (109 of 292, 37.3%), and tubular cell necrosis (93 of 292, 31.8%). There was no difference in tubular injury histology among different tissue procurement types (native kidney biopsy, transplant kidney biopsy, and autopsy), among different etiologies, or between different tissue procurement timing (before or after creatinine peaks in native kidneys). Electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used in a minority of studies. CONCLUSION ATI manifests with diverse histologic changes. Efforts to establish protocols to harmonize biopsy practices, to handle kidney biopsy for tissue interrogation, and to report results across clinical practice are needed to improve our understanding of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven P. Menez
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Correspondence: Chirag R. Parikh, Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St., Suite 416, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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12
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Gheita AA, Gheita TA, Kenawy SA. The potential role of B5: A stitch in time and switch in cytokine. Phytother Res 2019; 34:306-314. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Gheita
- Plastic Surgery Department, Faculty of MedicineCairo University Cairo Egypt
- Egyptian Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons Egypt
| | - Tamer A. Gheita
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Department, Faculty of MedicineCairo University Cairo Egypt
- Graduate Studies and Research AffairCairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Sanaa A. Kenawy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Cairo Egypt
- Royal College of SurgeonsLondon University London UK
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13
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Bartucci R, Salvati A, Olinga P, Boersma YL. Vanin 1: Its Physiological Function and Role in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3891. [PMID: 31404995 PMCID: PMC6719204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (vanin 1) is highly expressed at gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney. Its major function is related to its pantetheinase activity; vanin 1 breaks down pantetheine in cysteamine and pantothenic acid, a precursor of coenzyme A. Indeed, its physiological role seems strictly related to coenzyme A metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy production. In recent years, many studies have elucidated the role of vanin 1 under physiological conditions in relation to oxidative stress and inflammation. Vanin's enzymatic activity was found to be of key importance in certain diseases, either for its protective effect or as a sensitizer, depending on the diseased organ. In this review, we discuss the role of vanin 1 in the liver, kidney, intestine, and lung under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. Thus, we provide a more complete understanding and overview of its complex function and contribution to some specific pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bartucci
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Salvati
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ykelien L Boersma
- Division of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Hercher D, Kerbl M, Schuh CMAP, Heinzel J, Gal L, Stainer M, Schmidhammer R, Hausner T, Redl H, Nógrádi A, Hacobian A. Spatiotemporal Differences in Gene Expression Between Motor and Sensory Autografts and Their Effect on Femoral Nerve Regeneration in the Rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:182. [PMID: 31139050 PMCID: PMC6519304 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the outcome after autologous nerve grafting in the clinic, it is important to understand the limiting variables such as distinct phenotypes of motor and sensory Schwann cells. This study investigated the properties of phenotypically different autografts in a 6 mm femoral nerve defect model in the rat, where the respective femoral branches distally of the inguinal bifurcation served as homotopic, or heterotopic autografts. Axonal regeneration and target reinnervation was analyzed by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and wet muscle mass analysis. We evaluated regeneration-associated gene expression between 5 days and 10 weeks after repair, in the autografts as well as the proximal, and distal segments of the femoral nerve using qRT-PCR. Furthermore we investigated expression patterns of phenotypically pure ventral and dorsal roots. We identified highly significant differences in gene expression of a variety of regeneration-associated genes along the central – peripheral axis in healthy femoral nerves. Phenotypically mismatched grafting resulted in altered spatiotemporal expression of neurotrophic factor BDNF, GDNF receptor GFRα1, cell adhesion molecules Cadm3, Cadm4, L1CAM, and proliferation associated Ki67. Although significantly higher quadriceps muscle mass following homotopic nerve grafting was measured, we did not observe differences in gait analysis, and electrophysiological parameters between treatment paradigms. Our study provides evidence for phenotypic commitment of autologous nerve grafts after injury and gives a conclusive overview of temporal expression of several important regeneration-associated genes after repair with sensory or motor graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kerbl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johannes Heinzel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - László Gal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michaela Stainer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Schmidhammer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hausner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Mendez-Romero O, Uribe-Carvajal S, Chiquete-Felix N, Muhlia-Almazan A. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins UCP4 and UCP5 from the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:103-119. [PMID: 30796582 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) transport protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. In mammals, these proteins have been implicated in several cellular functions ranging from thermoregulation to antioxidant defense. In contrast, their invertebrate homologs have been much less studied despite the great diversity of species. In this study, two transcripts encoding mitochondrial uncoupling proteins were, for the first time, characterized in crustaceans. The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei transcript LvUCP4 is expressed in all tested shrimp tissues/organs, and its cDNA includes a coding region of 954 bp long which encodes a deduced protein 318 residues long and a predicted molecular weight of 35.3 kDa. The coding region of LvUCP5 transcript is 906 bp long, encodes a protein of 302 residues with a calculated molecular weight of 33.17 kDa. Both proteins share homology with insect UCPs, their predicted structures show the conserved motifs of the mitochondrial carrier proteins and were confirmed to be located in the mitochondria through a Western blot analysis. The genic expression of LvUCP4 and LvUCP5 was evaluated in shrimp at oxidative stress conditions and results were compared to some antioxidant enzymes to infer about their antioxidant role. LvUCP4 and LvUCP5 genes expression did not change during hypoxia/re-oxygenation, and no coordinated responses were detected with antioxidant enzymes at the transcriptional level. Results confirmed UCPs as the first uncoupling mechanism reported in this species, but their role in the oxidative stress response remains to be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Mendez-Romero
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Genetics Lab, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, PO Box 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, PO Box 70-242, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Natalia Chiquete-Felix
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, PO Box 70-242, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Muhlia-Almazan
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Genetics Lab, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, PO Box 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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16
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms in acute tubular injury (ATI) are complex and enigmatic. Moreover, we currently lack validated tissue injury markers that can be integrated into the kidney biopsy analysis to guide nephrologists in their patient's management of AKI. Although recognizing the ATI lesion by light microscopy is fairly straightforward, the staging of tubular lesions in the context of clinical time course and etiologic mechanism currently is not adapted to the renal pathology practice. To the clinician, the exact time point when an ischemic or toxic injury has occurred often is not known and cannot be discerned from the review of the biopsy sample. Moreover, the assessment of the different types of organized necrosis as the underlying cell death mechanism, which can be targeted using specific inhibitors, has not yet reached clinical practice. The renal pathology laboratory is uniquely qualified to assess the time course and etiology of ATI using established analytic techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Recent advances in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of ATI and the important role that certain types of tubular cell organelles play in different stages of the ATI lesions may allow differentiation of early versus late ATI. Furthermore, the determination of respective cell injury pathways may help to differentiate ischemic versus toxic etiology in a reliable fashion. In the future, such a kidney biopsy-based classification system of ATI could guide the nephrologist's management of patients in regard to treatment modality and drug choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert W Moeckel
- Renal Pathology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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17
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Hosohata K, Jin D, Takai S, Iwanaga K. Vanin-1 in Renal Pelvic Urine Reflects Kidney Injury in a Rat Model of Hydronephrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103186. [PMID: 30332759 PMCID: PMC6214032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract obstruction and the subsequent development of hydronephrosis can cause kidney injuries, which results in chronic kidney disease. Although it is important to detect kidney injuries at an early stage, new biomarkers of hydronephrosis have not been identified. In this study, we examined whether vanin-1 could be a potential biomarker for hydronephrosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). On day 7 after UUO, when the histopathological renal tubular injuries became obvious, the vanin-1 level in the renal pelvic urine was significantly higher than that in voided urine from sham-operated rats. Furthermore, vanin-1 remained at the same level until day 14. There was no significant difference in the serum vanin-1 level between sham-operated rats and rats with UUO. In the kidney tissue, the mRNA and protein expressions of vanin-1 significantly decreased, whereas there was increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and Snail-1, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These results suggest that vanin-1 in the renal pelvic urine is released from the renal tubular cells of UUO rats and reflects renal tubular injuries at an early stage. Urinary vanin-1 may serve as a candidate biomarker of renal tubular injury due to hydronephrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Iwanaga
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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18
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Upregulation of PPAR-γ mediates the renoprotective effect of omega-3 PUFA and ferulic acid in gentamicin-intoxicated rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:504-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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19
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Devuyst O, Olinger E, Rampoldi L. Uromodulin: from physiology to rare and complex kidney disorders. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:525-544. [PMID: 28781372 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uromodulin (also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein) is exclusively produced in the kidney and is the most abundant protein in normal urine. The function of uromodulin remains elusive, but the available data suggest that this protein might regulate salt transport, protect against urinary tract infection and kidney stones, and have roles in kidney injury and innate immunity. Interest in uromodulin was boosted by genetic studies that reported involvement of the UMOD gene, which encodes uromodulin, in a spectrum of rare and common kidney diseases. Rare mutations in UMOD cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), which leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in UMOD that are strongly associated with risk of CKD and also with hypertension and kidney stones in the general population. These findings have opened up a new field of kidney research. In this Review we summarize biochemical, physiological, genetic and pathological insights into the roles of uromodulin; the mechanisms by which UMOD mutations cause ADTKD, and the association of common UMOD variants with complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Olinger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Rampoldi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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20
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Hosohata K. Role of Oxidative Stress in Drug-Induced Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111826. [PMID: 27809280 PMCID: PMC5133827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney plays a primary role in maintaining homeostasis and detoxification of numerous hydrophilic xenobiotics as well as endogenous compounds. Because the kidney is exposed to a larger proportion and higher concentration of drugs and toxins than other organs through the secretion of ionic drugs by tubular organic ion transporters across the luminal membranes of renal tubular epithelial cells, and through the reabsorption of filtered toxins into the lumen of the tubule, these cells are at greater risk for injury. In fact, drug-induced kidney injury is a serious problem in clinical practice and accounts for roughly 20% of cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) among hospitalized patients. Therefore, its early detection is becoming more important. Usually, drug-induced AKI consists of two patterns of renal injury: acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). Whereas AIN develops from medications that incite an allergic reaction, ATN develops from direct toxicity on tubular epithelial cells. Among several cellular mechanisms underlying ATN, oxidative stress plays an important role in progression to ATN by activation of inflammatory response via proinflammatory cytokine release and inflammatory cell accumulation in tissues. This review provides an overview of drugs associated with AKI, the role of oxidative stress in drug-induced AKI, and a biomarker for drug-induced AKI focusing on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Reseearch Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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21
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Thukral SK, Nordone PJ, Hu R, Sullivan L, Galambos E, Fitzpatrick VD, Healy L, Bass MB, Cosenza ME, Afshari CA. Prediction of Nephrotoxicant Action and Identification of Candidate Toxicity-Related Biomarkers. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 33:343-55. [PMID: 15805072 DOI: 10.1080/01926230590927230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A vast majority of pharmacological compounds and their metabolites are excreted via the urine, and within the complex structure of the kidney, the proximal tubules are a main target site of nephrotoxic compounds. We used the model nephrotoxicants mercuric chloride, 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide, hexachlorobutadiene, mitomycin, amphotericin, and puromycin to elucidate time- and dose-dependent global gene expression changes associated with proximal tubular toxicity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were dosed via intraperitoneal injection once daily for mercuric chloride and amphotericin (up to 7 doses), while a single dose was given for all other compounds. Animals were exposed to 2 different doses of these compounds and kidney tissues were collected on day 1, 3, and 7 postdosing. Gene expression profiles were generated from kidney RNA using 17K rat cDNA dual dye microarray and analyzed in conjunction with histopathology. Analysis of gene expression profiles showed that the profiles clustered based on similarities in the severity and type of pathology of individual animals. Further, the expression changes were indicative of tubular toxicity showing hallmarks of tubular degeneration/regeneration and necrosis. Use of gene expression data in predicting the type of nephrotoxicity was then tested with a support vector machine (SVM)-based approach. A SVM prediction module was trained using 120 profiles of total profiles divided into four classes based on the severity of pathology and clustering. Although mitomycin C and amphotericin B treatments did not cause toxicity, their expression profiles were included in the SVM prediction module to increase the sample size. Using this classifier, the SVM predicted the type of pathology of 28 test profiles with 100% selectivity and 82% sensitivity. These data indicate that valid predictions could be made based on gene expression changes from a small set of expression profiles. A set of potential biomarkers showing a time- and dose-response with respect to the progression of proximal tubular toxicity were identified. These include several transporters ( Slc21a2, Slc15, Slc34a2), Kim 1, IGFbp-1, osteopontin, α -fibrinogen, and Gstα.
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22
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Luo R, Li L, Du X, Shi M, Zhou C, Wang C, Liao G, Lu Y, Zhong Z, Cheng J, Chen Y. Gene expression profile of vascular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rhesus monkeys. Gene 2016; 576:753-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Sun P, Liu J, Li W, Xu X, Gu X, Li H, Han H, Du C, Wang H. Human endometrial regenerative cells attenuate renal ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. J Transl Med 2016; 14:28. [PMID: 26822150 PMCID: PMC4730626 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) is an attractive novel type of adult mesenchymal stem cells that can be non-invasively obtained from menstrual blood and are easily replicated at a large scale without tumorigenesis. We have previously reported that ERCs exhibit unique immunoregulatory properties in experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the protective effects of ERCs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) were examined. METHODS Renal IRI in C57BL/6 mice was induced by clipping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 48 h. ERCs were isolated from healthy female menstrual blood, and were injected (1 million/mouse, i.v.) into mice 2 h prior to IRI induction. Renal function, pathological and immunohistological changes, cell populations and cytokine profiles were evaluated after 48 h of renal reperfusion. RESULTS Here, we showed that as compared to untreated controls, administration of ERCs effectively prevented renal damage after IRI, indicated by better renal function and less pathological changes, which were associated with increased serum levels of IL-4, but decreased levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6. Also, ERC-treated mice displayed significantly less splenic and renal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations, while the percentage of splenic CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and infiltrating M2 macrophages in the kidneys were significantly increased in ERC-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the novel anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of ERCs are associated with attenuation of renal IRI, suggesting that the unique features of ERCs may make them a promising candidate for cell therapies in the treatment of ischemic acute kidney injury in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiangying Gu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - HongYue Li
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongqiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
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Emoto Y, Yoshizawa K, Kinoshita Y, Yuki M, Yuri T, Tsubura A. Green tea extract attenuates MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis via suppression of heme oxygenase-1. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 29:61-5. [PMID: 26989304 PMCID: PMC4766529 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2015-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of green tea extract (GTE) on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis were examined, and the possible mechanisms of action of GTE were assessed. Alterations in the retinal morphological architecture were determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, vimentin immunoreactivity, and photoreceptor cell apoptosis (TUNEL labeling). Expression of oxidant marker, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, mRNA levels in outer nuclear cells was assessed by laser capture microdissection (LCM). Sprague-Dawley rats were given 40 mg/kg MNU at 7 weeks of age in the absence and presence of 250 mg/kg GTE treatment (once daily from 3 days prior to MNU for a maximum 10 days). Although photoreceptor cell degeneration began 24 hr after MNU, the morphological effects of GTE at the time point were not definitive. However, GTE lowered TUNEL labeling and HO-1 mRNA expression. At 7 days after MNU, photoreceptor damage was attenuated by GTE treatment. Therefore, the ability of GTE to reduce MNU-induced photoreceptor cell apoptosis may be due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
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Calcium oxalate calculi-induced clusterin expression in kidney. Urolithiasis 2015; 43:411-8. [PMID: 25993895 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate clusterin expression in the kidney and evaluate the urine clusterin level in the kidney stone formers. (1) In vitro, we treated the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line with different concentrations of calcium oxalate (CaOx), and then the clusterin protein expression in the cells was evaluated by Western blotting. (2) Kidney stone patients who received percutaneous nephrolithotomy were enrolled in our study. Urine samples were collected before surgery, the kidney punctured to obtain kidney tissue guided by ultrasound intraoperatively. Clusterin expression in the human kidney tissue was evaluated by immunochemistry. The urine clusterin level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Non-kidney disease subjects were chosen as controls. In vitro, the clusterin expression was up-regulated in the MDCK cells induced by CaOx. The study included 49 patients and 41 non-kidney disease subjects. All calculi were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate or calcium oxalate dihydrate and a few also contained protein or uric acid. Mean ± SD urine clusterin level was 17.47 ± 18.61 μg/ml in patients, and 3.31 ± 5.42 μg/ml in non-kidney disease subjects, respectively (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed the clusterin was located in the cytoplasm of the renal distal and collecting tubular epithelial cells. Also the tissue clusterin expression increased significantly in the kidney stone formers compared to the control groups (p = 0.001). CaOx could induce clusterin expression in renal tubular cells, and increase clusterin levels in the kidney and urine from the kidney stone formers.
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El-Achkar TM, Dagher PC. Tubular cross talk in acute kidney injury: a story of sense and sensibility. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1317-23. [PMID: 25877507 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian kidney is an organ composed of numerous functional units or nephrons. Beyond the filtering glomerulus of each nephron, various tubular segments with distinct populations of epithelial cells sequentially span the kidney from cortex to medulla. The highly organized folding of the tubules results in a spatial distribution that allows intimate contact between various tubular subsegments. This unique arrangement can promote a newly recognized type of horizontal epithelial-to-epithelial cross talk. In this review, we discuss the importance of this tubular cross talk in shaping the response of the kidney to acute injury in a sense and sensibility model. We propose that injury-resistant tubules such as S1 proximal segments and thick ascending limbs (TAL) can act as "sensors" and thus modulate the responsiveness or "sensibility" of the S2-S3 proximal segments to injury. We also discuss new findings that highlight the importance of tubular cross talk in regulating homeostasis and inflammation not only in the kidney, but also systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M El-Achkar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
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Vichi S, Sandström von Tobel J, Gemma S, Stanzel S, Kopp-Schneider A, Monnet-Tschudi F, Testai E, Zurich MG. Cell type-specific expression and localization of cytochrome P450 isoforms in tridimensional aggregating rat brain cell cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:176-84. [PMID: 25795400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Within the Predict-IV FP7 project a strategy for measurement of in vitro biokinetics was developed, requiring the characterization of the cellular model used, especially regarding biotransformation, which frequently depends on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity. The extrahepatic in situ CYP-mediated metabolism is especially relevant in target organ toxicity. In this study, the constitutive mRNA levels and protein localization of different CYP isoforms were investigated in 3D aggregating brain cell cultures. CYP1A1, CYP2B1/B2, CYP2D2/4, CYP2E1 and CYP3A were expressed; CYP1A1 and 2B1 represented almost 80% of the total mRNA content. Double-immunolabeling revealed their presence in astrocytes, in neurons, and to a minor extent in oligodendrocytes, confirming the cell-specific localization of CYPs in the brain. These results together with the recently reported formation of an amiodarone metabolite following repeated exposure suggest that this cell culture system possesses some metabolic potential, most likely contributing to its high performance in neurotoxicological studies and support the use of this model in studying brain neurotoxicity involving mechanisms of toxication/detoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vichi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Primary Prevention Department, Mechanisms of Toxicity Unit, Rome, Italy.
| | - J Sandström von Tobel
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - S Gemma
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Primary Prevention Department, Mechanisms of Toxicity Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - S Stanzel
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Kopp-Schneider
- Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Monnet-Tschudi
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - E Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment and Primary Prevention Department, Mechanisms of Toxicity Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Zurich
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
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Subramanian P, Anandan R, Jayapalan JJ, Hashim OH. Hesperidin protects gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and inhibits inflammation mediated by NF-κB in rats. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Clusterin in kidney transplantation: novel biomarkers versus serum creatinine for early prediction of delayed graft function. Transplantation 2015; 99:171-9. [PMID: 25083615 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Current methods for rapid detection of delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation are unreliable. Urinary clusterin is a biomarker of kidney injury but its utility for prediction of graft dysfunction is unknown. METHODS In a single-center, prospective cohort study of renal transplant recipients (N=81), urinary clusterin was measured serially between 4 hr and 7 days after transplantation. The utility of clusterin for prediction of DGF (hemodialysis within 7 days of transplantation) was compared with urinary interleukin (IL)-18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1, serum creatinine, and clinical variables. RESULTS At 4 hr after reperfusion, anuria was highly specific, but of low sensitivity for detection of DGF. At 4 hr, receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that urinary clusterin, IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1, and NGAL concentration were predictive of DGF. After adjusting for preoperative clinical variables and anuria, clusterin and IL-18 independently enhanced the clinical model for prediction of DGF. Kidney injury molecule-1 only modestly improved the prediction of DGF, whereas NGAL, serum creatinine, and the creatinine reduction ratio did not improve on the clinical model. At 12 hr, the creatinine reduction ratio independently predicted DGF. CONCLUSION Both urinary clusterin and IL-18 are useful biomarkers and may allow triaging of patients with DGF within 4 hr of transplantation. Relative performance of biomarkers for prediction of graft function is time-dependant. Early and frequent measurements of serum creatinine and calculation of the creatinine reduction ratio also predict DGF within 12 hr of reperfusion.
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Heitmeier M, McCracken R, Micanovic R, Khan S, El-Achkar TM. The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in regulating the expression of Tamm-Horsfall Protein (uromodulin) in thick ascending limbs during kidney injury. Am J Nephrol 2014; 40:458-67. [PMID: 25503683 DOI: 10.1159/000369836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamm-Horsfall Protein (THP) is a glycoprotein expressed exclusively by cells of the thick ascending loop (TAL) of Henle. THP has a protective role in acute kidney injury (AKI), and its expression is downregulated in the early stages of injury. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine endogenously expressed by the TAL and is also induced by AKI. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNFα is a key regulator of THP expression. METHODS We used a mouse model of AKI (ischemia-reperfusion injury, IRI) and a cell culture system of a TAL cell line (MKTAL). RESULTS We show that TNFα is upregulated by TAL cells early after AKI in vivo. The expression of THP and its transcription factor Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) were concomitantly decreased at the peak of injury. Furthermore, recombinant TNFα inhibits significantly, and in a dose-dependent manner, the expression of THP, but not HNF1β in MKTAL cells. Interestingly, neither TNFα neutralization nor genetic deletion of TNFα increased THP or HNF levels after injury in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that TNFα can inhibit the expression of THP in TAL cells via an HNF1β-independent mechanism, but the downregulation of THP expression in the early AKI does not depend on TNFα. We propose that TNFα regulates THP expression in a homeostatic setting, but the impact of TNFα on THP during kidney injury is superseded by other factors that could inhibit HNF1β-mediated expression of THP.
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Indomethacin inhibits activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the rat kidney: Possible role of this effect in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced renal damage. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 221:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
The mammalian kidney has an intrinsic ability to repair after significant injury. However, this process is inefficient: patients are at high risk for the loss of kidney function in later life. No therapy exists to treat established acute kidney injury (AKI) per se: strategies to promote endogenous repair processes and retard associated fibrosis are a high priority. Whole-organ gene expression profiling has been used to identify repair responses initiated with AKI, and factors that may promote the transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease. Transcriptional profiling has shown molecular markers and potential regulatory pathways of renal repair. Activation of a few key developmental pathways has been reported during repair. Whether these are comparable networks with similar target genes with those in earlier nephrogenesis remains unclear. Altered microRNA profiles, persistent tubular injury responses, and distinct late inflammatory responses highlight continuing kidney pathology. Additional insights into injury and repair processes will be gained by study of the repair transcriptome and cell-specific translatome using high-resolution technologies such as RNA sequencing and translational profiling tailored to specific cellular compartments within the kidney. An enhanced understanding holds promise for both the identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarker-based evaluation of the damage-repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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Mao S, Zhang A, Huang S. The signaling pathway of uromodulin and its role in kidney diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:440-4. [PMID: 24849497 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.920029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The uromodulin (UMOD) is a glycoprotein expressed exclusively by renal tubular cells lining the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. UMOD acts as a regulatory protein in health and in various conditions. For kidney diseases, its role remains elusive. On one hand, UMOD plays a role in binding and excretion of various potentially injurious products from the tubular fluid. On the other hand, chronic kidney disease is associated with higher serum levels of UMOD. Signaling pathways might be very important in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We performed this review to provide a relatively complete signaling pathway flowchart for UMOD to the investigators who were interested in the role of UMOD in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Here, we reviewed the signal transduction pathway of UMOD and its role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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Liu J, Krautzberger AM, Sui SH, Hofmann OM, Chen Y, Baetscher M, Grgic I, Kumar S, Humphreys BD, Hide WA, McMahon AP. Cell-specific translational profiling in acute kidney injury. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1242-54. [PMID: 24569379 DOI: 10.1172/jci72126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) promotes an abrupt loss of kidney function that results in substantial morbidity and mortality. Considerable effort has gone toward identification of diagnostic biomarkers and analysis of AKI-associated molecular events; however, most studies have adopted organ-wide approaches and have not elucidated the interplay among different cell types involved in AKI pathophysiology. To better characterize AKI-associated molecular and cellular events, we developed a mouse line that enables the identification of translational profiles in specific cell types. This strategy relies on CRE recombinase-dependent activation of an EGFP-tagged L10a ribosomal protein subunit, which allows translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) of mRNA populations in CRE-expressing cells. Combining this mouse line with cell type-specific CRE-driver lines, we identified distinct cellular responses in an ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model of AKI. Twenty-four hours following IRI, distinct translational signatures were identified in the nephron, kidney interstitial cell populations, vascular endothelium, and macrophages/monocytes. Furthermore, TRAP captured known IRI-associated markers, validating this approach. Biological function annotation, canonical pathway analysis, and in situ analysis of identified response genes provided insight into cell-specific injury signatures. Our study provides a deep, cell-based view of early injury-associated molecular events in AKI and documents a versatile, genetic tool to monitor cell-specific and temporal-specific biological processes in disease modeling.
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Newaz M, Yousefipour Z. PPARγ and NAD(P)H oxidase system interaction in glycerol-induced acute renal failure: role ofgp91phoxsubunit of NAD(P)H oxidase. Ren Fail 2014; 36:567-74. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.880323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tubular Atrophy and Low Netrin-1 Gene Expression Are Associated With Delayed Kidney Allograft Function. Transplantation 2014; 97:176-83. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182a95d04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Thymosin β4 and its degradation product, Ac-SDKP, are novel reparative factors in renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2013; 84:1166-75. [PMID: 23739235 PMCID: PMC3830708 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously we found thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is up-regulated in glomerulosclerosis and required for angiotensin II-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in glomerular endothelial cells. Tβ4 has beneficial effects in dermal and corneal wound healing and heart disease yet its effects in kidney disease are unknown. Here we studied renal fibrosis in wild type and PAI-1 knockout mice following unilateral ureteral obstruction to explore the impact of Tβ4 and its prolyl oligopeptidase tetrapeptide degradation product, Ac-SDKP, in renal fibrosis. Additionally, we explored interactions of Tβ4 with PAI-1. Treatment with Ac-SDKP significantly decreased fibrosis in both wild type and PAI-1 knockout mice, as observed by decreased collagen and fibronectin deposition, fewer myofibroblasts and macrophages, and suppressed pro-fibrotic factors. In contrast, Tβ4 plus a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor significantly increased fibrosis in wild type mice. Tβ4 alone also promoted repair and reduced late fibrosis in wild type mice. Importantly, both pro-fibrotic effects of Tβ4 plus the prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor, and late reparative effects of Tβ4 alone, were absent in PAI-1 knockout mice. Thus, Tβ4 combined with prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition, is consistently pro-fibrotic, but by itself, has anti-fibrotic effects in late stage fibrosis, while Ac-SDKP has consistent anti-fibrotic effects in both early and late stages of kidney injury. These effects of Tβ4 are dependent on PAI-1.
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El-Achkar TM, McCracken R, Liu Y, Heitmeier MR, Bourgeois S, Ryerse J, Wu XR. Tamm-Horsfall protein translocates to the basolateral domain of thick ascending limbs, interstitium, and circulation during recovery from acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1066-75. [PMID: 23389456 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00543.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is a glycoprotein normally targeted to the apical membrane domain of the kidney's thick ascending limbs (TAL). We previously showed that THP of TAL confers protection to proximal tubules against acute kidney injury (AKI) via a possible cross talk between the two functionally distinct tubular segments. However, the extent, timing, specificity, and functional effects of basolateral translocation of THP during AKI remain unclear. Using an ischemia-reperfusion (IRI) model of murine AKI, we show here that, while THP expression in TAL is downregulated at the peak of injury, it is significantly upregulated 48 h after IRI. Confocal immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy reveal a major redirection of THP during recovery from the apical membrane domain of TAL towards the basolateral domain, interstitium, and basal compartment of S3 segments. This corresponds with increased THP in the serum but not in the urine. The overall epithelial polarity of TAL cells does not change, as evidenced by correct apical targeting of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) and basolateral targeting of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. Compared with the wild-type, THP(-/-) mice show a significantly delayed renal recovery after IRI, due possibly to reduced suppression by THP of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 during recovery. Taken together, our data suggest that THP redistribution in the TAL after AKI is a protein-specific event and its increased interstitial presence negatively regulates the evolving inflammatory signaling in neighboring proximal tubules, thereby enhancing kidney recovery. The increase of serum THP may be used as a prognostic biomarker for recovery from AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University and Roudebush Indianapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Transcriptome analysis of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and its modulation by ischemic pre-conditioning or hemin treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49569. [PMID: 23166714 PMCID: PMC3498198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading cause of acute renal failure. The definition of the molecular mechanisms involved in renal IRI and counter protection promoted by ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) or Hemin treatment is an important milestone that needs to be accomplished in this research area. We examined, through an oligonucleotide microarray protocol, the renal differential transcriptome profiles of mice submitted to IRI, IPC and Hemin treatment. After identifying the profiles of differentially expressed genes observed for each comparison, we carried out functional enrichment analysis to reveal transcripts putatively involved in potential relevant biological processes and signaling pathways. The most relevant processes found in these comparisons were stress, apoptosis, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, ion transport, angiogenesis, mitosis and cell cycle, inflammatory response, olfactory transduction and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. In addition, the most important overrepresented pathways were MAPK, ErbB, JAK/STAT, Toll and Nod like receptors, Angiotensin II, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Wnt and coagulation cascade. Also, new insights were gained about the underlying protection mechanisms against renal IRI promoted by IPC and Hemin treatment. Venn diagram analysis allowed us to uncover common and exclusively differentially expressed genes between these two protective maneuvers, underscoring potential common and exclusive biological functions regulated in each case. In summary, IPC exclusively regulated the expression of genes belonging to stress, protein modification and apoptosis, highlighting the role of IPC in controlling exacerbated stress response. Treatment with the Hmox1 inducer Hemin, in turn, exclusively regulated the expression of genes associated with cell differentiation, metabolic pathways, cell cycle, mitosis, development, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and arachidonic acid metabolism, suggesting a pleiotropic effect for Hemin. These findings improve the biological understanding of how the kidney behaves after IRI. They also illustrate some possible underlying molecular mechanisms involved in kidney protection observed with IPC or Hemin treatment maneuvers.
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Gong L, Yu H, ZhuGe Y, Yu Q. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Protects Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell in Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury Rats via Apoptosis-Regulating Proteins. Ren Fail 2012; 34:777-83. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.678173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hosohata K, Ando H, Fujimura A. Urinary vanin-1 as a novel biomarker for early detection of drug-induced acute kidney injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 341:656-62. [PMID: 22399813 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.192807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a serious problem in patients with hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI). A new renal biomarker is needed because traditional markers are not sensitive for early detection of drug-induced AKI. In a recent study, we demonstrated that vanin-1 is a novel candidate biomarker of nephrotoxicant-induced kidney injury. The objective of the present study is to determine whether the increase in urinary vanin-1 is detected before the elevations of serum creatinine or urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the two well established animal models of drug-induced AKI. After the administration of a higher dose of cisplatin (10 mg/kg, a single intraperitoneal dose) or gentamicin (120 mg/kg per day, once daily intraperitoneal dose for 9 days), urinary vanin-1 was detected earlier than the other biomarkers. In rats treated with a lower dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, a single intraperitoneal dose) or gentamicin (40 mg/kg per day, once daily intraperitoneal dose for 9 days), serum creatinine and urinary NAG were not changed throughout the study period, whereas urinary vanin-1, Kim-1, and NGAL were significantly increased. The renal vanin-1 protein levels were significantly decreased in rats treated with the higher dose of cisplatin on day 5 and gentamicin on day 9, and the immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that vanin-1 immunoreactivity in tubular cells was reduced with the time after the dose of cisplatin, indicating that urinary vanin-1 was leaked from tubular cells. These results suggest that, compared with urinary Kim-1 and NGAL, urinary vanin-1 is an earlier and equally sensitive biomarker for drug-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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Oyaizu T, Fung SY, Shiozaki A, Guan Z, Zhang Q, dos Santos CC, Han B, Mura M, Keshavjee S, Liu M. Src tyrosine kinase inhibition prevents pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38:894-905. [PMID: 22349424 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion is a pathological process seen in several clinical conditions, including lung transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass, resuscitation for circulatory arrest, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary embolism. A better understanding of its molecular mechanisms is very important. METHODS Rat left lung underwent in situ ischemia for 60 min, followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The gene expression profiles and Src protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) phosphorylation were studied over time, and PP2, an Src PTK inhibitor, was intravenously administered 10 min before lung ischemia to determine the role of Src PTK in lung injury. RESULTS Reperfusion following ischemia significantly changed the expression of 169 genes, with Mmp8, Mmp9, S100a9, and S100a8 being the most upregulated genes. Ischemia alone only affected expression of 9 genes in the lung. However, Src PTK phosphorylation (activation) was increased in the ischemic lung, mainly on the alveolar wall. Src PTK inhibitor pretreatment decreased phosphorylation of Src PTKs, total protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and STAT3 phosphorylation. It increased phosphorylation of the p85α subunit of PI3 kinase, a signal pathway that can inhibit coagulation and inflammation. PP2 reduced leukocyte infiltration in the lung, apoptotic cell death, fibrin deposition, and severity of acute lung injury after reperfusion. Src inhibition also significantly reduced CXCL1 (GRO/KI) and CCL2 (MCP-1) chemokine levels in the serum. CONCLUSION During pulmonary ischemia, Src PTK activation, rather than alteration in gene expression, may play a critical role in reperfusion-induced lung injury. Src PTK inhibition presents a new prophylactic treatment for pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Oyaizu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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El-Achkar TM, Wu XR. Uromodulin in kidney injury: an instigator, bystander, or protector? Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 59:452-61. [PMID: 22277744 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, is a glycoprotein expressed exclusively by renal tubular cells lining the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Although the physiologic functions of this protein remain elusive, significant progress has been made during the last decade that highlights the importance of uromodulin in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as medullary cystic kidney disease, urinary tract infections, and nephrolithiasis. Meanwhile, there is renewed interest in the role of uromodulin in kidney injury, both acute and chronic. In this article, we review the existing evidence that supports a role for uromodulin in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal inflammation. Contrary to the conventional view of uromodulin as an instigator in kidney injury, new data from uromodulin knockout mice show a protective role for this protein in acute kidney injury, possibly through downregulating interstitial inflammation. In chronic kidney disease, uromodulin excretion, when adjusted for kidney function, is increased; the significance of this is unclear. Although it has been suggested that uromodulin exacerbates progressive kidney injury, we propose that the elevation in uromodulin secretion is instead reactive to injury and reflects an increase of uromodulin in the renal parenchyma, where it slows the injury process.
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Hosohata K, Ando H, Fujiwara Y, Fujimura A. Vanin-1: a potential biomarker for nephrotoxicant-induced renal injury. Toxicology 2011; 290:82-8. [PMID: 21907259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Because traditional markers for detecting renal injury are generally insensitive and nonspecific, we tried to identify some useful biomarkers. Microarray analyses and quantitative real-time PCR using human renal tubular cells showed that the mRNA expression of VNN-1 which encodes vanin-1, increased after the exposure of these cells to organic solvents (allyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, chloroform, and phenol) for 24h. The mRNA levels of other inflammation-related molecules such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) also increased after the exposure to organic solvents, although their elevations were slower than that of vanin-1. In rats treated with ethylene glycol for 3 weeks, tubular injury was detected by histological examination, but not by traditional biomarkers including serum creatinine and urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The mRNA levels of vanin-1 and Kim-1, but not MCP-1, significantly elevated in the renal cortices of ethylene glycol-exposed rats. On immunofluorescence analyses, vanin-1 signal was detected specifically in the renal tubules with a remarkable expression in the ethylene glycol-treated rats. As a result, compared with control group, higher urinary and serum concentrations of vanin-1 were observed in the ethylene glycol-treated group. These results suggest that vanin-1 is a useful and rapid biomarker for renal tubular injury induced by organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
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45
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Awad AS, Kamel R, Sherief MAE. Effect of thymoquinone on hepatorenal dysfunction and alteration of CYP3A1 and spermidine/spermine N-1-acetyl-transferase gene expression induced by renal ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1037-42. [PMID: 21718287 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a well-characterised model of acute renal failure that causes both local and remote organ injury. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of thymoquinone, the main constituent of the volatile oil extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, on renal and hepatic changes after renal ischaemia-reperfusion. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham I/R vehicle-treated groups, and I/R thymoquinone-treated groups. Thymoquinone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for ten consecutive days to the I/R thymoquinone group before injury. I/R and I/R thymoquinone groups were subjected to 30-min ischaemia followed by 4-h reperfusion. KEY FINDINGS I/R resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreases in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver and kidney tissues. Thymoquinone treatment caused the reversal of I/R-induced changes in MDA as well as GST and SOD activity. Moreover, I/R caused a significant rise in creatinine and alanine aminotransferase serum levels. CYP3A1 mRNA expression was induced significantly by I/R in both liver and kidney tissues compared with sham group. Thymoquinone reduced significantly this increase. I/R caused induction of mRNA expression of spermidine/spermine N-1-acetyl-transferase (SSAT), a catabolic enzyme that participates in polyamine metabolism, in liver and kidney tissues. Thymoquinone reduced SSAT mRNA expression significantly in liver and markedly in kidney. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that thymoquinone protected against renal I/R-induced damage through an antioxidant mechanism as well as the decrease of CYP3A1 and SSAT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Nasr City, Egypt.
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46
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Paulussen M, Arckens L. Striking neuronal thymosin beta 4 expression in the deep layers of the mouse superior colliculus after monocular deprivation. Brain Struct Funct 2011; 217:81-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-011-0330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harpur E, Ennulat D, Hoffman D, Betton G, Gautier JC, Riefke B, Bounous D, Schuster K, Beushausen S, Guffroy M, Shaw M, Lock E, Pettit S. Biological Qualification of Biomarkers of Chemical-Induced Renal Toxicity in Two Strains of Male Rat. Toxicol Sci 2011; 122:235-52. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Graham Betton
- Betton ToxPath Consulting LLP, Macclesfield, UK, SK11 0SE
| | | | | | - Denise Bounous
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward Lock
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Szeto HH, Liu S, Soong Y, Wu D, Darrah SF, Cheng FY, Zhao Z, Ganger M, Tow CY, Seshan SV. Mitochondria-targeted peptide accelerates ATP recovery and reduces ischemic kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:1041-52. [PMID: 21546574 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion of ischemic tissues can trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore, resulting in mitochondrial depolarization, decreased ATP synthesis, and increased ROS production. Rapid recovery of ATP upon reperfusion is essential for survival of tubular cells, and inhibition of oxidative damage can limit inflammation. SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that can scavenge mitochondrial ROS and inhibit MPT, suggesting that it may protect against ischemic renal injury. Here, in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, treatment with SS-31 protected mitochondrial structure and respiration during early reperfusion, accelerated recovery of ATP, reduced apoptosis and necrosis of tubular cells, and abrogated tubular dysfunction. In addition, SS-31 reduced medullary vascular congestion, decreased IR-mediated oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, and accelerated the proliferation of surviving tubular cells as early as 1 day after reperfusion. In summary, these results support MPT as an upstream target for pharmacologic intervention in IR injury and support early protection of mitochondrial function as a therapeutic maneuver to prevent tubular apoptosis and necrosis, reduce oxidative stress, and reduce inflammation. SS-31 holds promise for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel H Szeto
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Huang R, Zhou Q, Veeraragoo P, Yu H, Xiao Z. Notch2/Hes-1 Pathway Plays an Important Role in Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury-Associated Inflammation and Apoptosis and the γ-Secretase Inhibitor DAPT has a Nephroprotective Effect. Ren Fail 2011; 33:207-16. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.553979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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