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Zedam FZ, Bouguerche C, Ahmed M, Tazerouti F. Morphological and molecular characterization of Encotyllabe vallei Monticelli, 1907 (Monopisthocotylea, Monogenea) from the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Linnaeus (Teleostei, Sparidae) from the southwestern Mediterranean and notes on host specificity of the genus Encotyllabe Diesing, 1850. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e82. [PMID: 37933575 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete original descriptions, the unavailability or poor conditions of specimens and the lack of detailed redescriptions have caused the validity of several species of the genus Encotyllabe Diesing, 1850 to be questioned. To date, seven of the recognized species were described upon one or two specimens, hindering study of intraspecific variations. This was made worse by considering few morphoanatomical differences sufficient to erect new species. Among Encotyllabe spp. occurring in Mediterranean waters, E. vallei was first described from the gilt-head bream Sparus aurata (Sparidae) off Italy. Although beautifully illustrated for a paper from that century, morphometric data for E. vallei from the type-host S. aurata remain unavailable. Previous records of E. vallei provided either morphometrical or molecular data, and its validity was questioned. We provide a redescription of E. vallei based on newly collected specimens from the S. aurata from the southwestern Mediterranean (off Algeria) using integrative taxonomy. Analysis of cox1 sequences of E. vallei from S. aurata, compared to sequences from other sparid hosts, mainly Pagellus bogaraveo, revealed a divergence not exceeding 2%, suggesting a stenoxenic specificity for this monogenean. Given that P. bogaraveo is the type-host for Encotyllabe pagelli, we were tempted to suggest a synonymy between E. vallei and E. pagelli. We refrained from doing so because E. pagelli was first described from the Atlantic coast off Brest, France. Morphological data for Encotyllabe from P. bogaraveo are warranted assessing the host specificity of E. vallei and whether there might be a species complex within individual sparid fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zohra Zedam
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (U.S.T.H.B), Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Département d'Écologie et Environnement, Laboratoire de Biodiverasité et Environnement, Interactions et Génomes, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (U.S.T.H.B), Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Département d'Écologie et Environnement, Laboratoire de Biodiverasité et Environnement, Interactions et Génomes, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
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Gastineau R, Bouguerche C, Tazerouti F, Justine JL. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Tristoma integrum Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea, Capsalidae), including its complete mitogenome. Parasite 2023; 30:16. [PMID: 37191588 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsalids are monopisthocotylean monogenean parasites found on the skin and gills of fish. Capsalines (subfamily Capsalinae) are large-sized capsalids, parasitic on highly prized gamefish, and species of Tristoma parasitise only the gills of swordfish (Xiphias gladius). We obtained specimens of Tristoma integrum Diesing, 1850 from swordfish collected off Algeria in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, we describe the specimens, including the key systematics characters of dorsolateral body sclerites. One specimen was used for a next generation sequencing analysis but a part of it, including the sclerites, was mounted on a permanent slide, drawn, and deposited in a curated collection. We characterised the complete mitogenome, the ribosomal cluster (including 18S and 28S) and additional genes such as Elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) and Histone 3. We also retrieved molecular information from the host tissue present in the gut of the monogenean and provide the sequence of the complete rRNA cluster of the host, X. gladius. The mitogenome of T. integrum is 13 968 bp in length and codes for 12 protein, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA. Phylogenies of capsalids were generated from 28S sequences and concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes, respectively. In the 28S phylogeny, most subfamilies based on morphology were not found to be monophyletic, but the Capsalinae were monophyletic. In both phylogenies, the closest member to Tristoma spp. was a member of the Capsaloides. In an Appendix, we report the complex nomenclatural history of Tristoma Cuvier, 1817 and its species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chahinez Bouguerche
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiène, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions - Génomes, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
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Ayadi ZEM, Tazerouti F, Gastineau R, Justine JL. Redescription, complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic relationships of Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811) Rafinesque, 1815 (Monogenea, Hexostomatidae). Parasite 2022; 29:29. [PMID: 35604345 PMCID: PMC9126124 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specimens of Hexostoma thynni (Delaroche, 1811) Rafinesque, 1815 were collected from their type-host, the bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus, caught off Algeria, i.e. close to the type-locality, off Mallorca, which is also in the Mediterranean. The species is briefly redescribed and compared to previous descriptions, under the same name or as its synonym Plagiopeltis duplicata Diesing, 1858, to ascertain identity of specimens. The three genera within the Hexostomatidae (Hexostoma Rafinesque, 1815, Neohexostoma Price, 1961 and Homostoma Unnithan, 1965) are briefly discussed, with comments on the fragility of characters used to distinguish them. Using next-generation sequencing, the complete mitogenome and the cluster of ribosomal genes (SSU, LSU, ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S) were obtained. The mitogenome is 14,649 bp long and codes for 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes; its size is similar to other mitogenomes obtained from polyopisthocotylean monogeneans. A phylogeny based on concatenated mitogenome protein-coding genes from nine species of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans produced a tree in which the Hexostomatidae H. thynni was associated with other Mazocraeidea, such as Chauhaneidae and Diclidophoridae. This invalidates the hypothesis of Boeger & Kritsky (1993) of Hexostomatidae as sister-group to the Mazocraeidea and suggests the demise of the suborder Hexostomatinea Boeger & Kritsky, 1993. We insist on the usefulness of depositing parts of specimens used for molecular analyses, prepared on permanent slides, in a curated collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhour El Mouna Ayadi
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions – Génomes (LBEIG) BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar Alger Algeria
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions – Génomes (LBEIG) BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar Alger Algeria
| | - Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- ISYEB, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR7205 CNRS, EPHE, MNHN, UPMC, Université des Antilles), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle CP 51 55 rue Buffon 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
- Corresponding author:
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Bouguerche C, Tazerouti F, Justine JL. Truly a hyperparasite, or simply an epibiont on a parasite? The case of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae). Parasite 2022; 29:28. [PMID: 35588271 PMCID: PMC9119087 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823 (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae) is one of the few monogenean species reported as hyperparasitic: the worms dwell on cymothoid isopods, themselves parasites of the buccal cavity of fishes. We present here observations based on newly collected monogenean specimens from Ceratothoa parallela (Otto, 1828), an isopod parasite of Boops boops off Algeria and also investigated its diet to address whether Cy. bellones is indeed a hyperparasite, i.e., whether it feeds on the isopod. We also compared the body shape of various monogeneans belonging to the same family as Cy. bellones, the Diclidophoridae, including Choricotyle cf. chrysophryi Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863, collected from Pagellus acarne off Algeria. No morphological character of the anterior organs suggested any special adaptation in Cy. bellones to the perforation of the crustacean cuticle. The wall of the oesophagus and of the intestine of Cy. bellones was lined with a dark pigment similar to what is usually observed in haematophagous polyopisthocotyleans, and which is derived from ingested fish blood. We noticed that an anterior elongate stem exists only in diclidophorids dwelling on parasitic isopods and never in those attached to the gills. We hypothesize that the anterior stem of the body of Cy. bellones is an anatomical adaptation for the monogenean to feed on the fish while dwelling on the isopod. We thus consider that Cy. bellones is an epibiont of the parasitic crustacean, as it uses it merely as an attachment substrate, and is not a true hyperparasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Bouguerche
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions - Génomes, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Ayadi ZEM, Tazerouti F, Gey D, Justine JL. A revision of Plectanocotyle (Monogenea, Plectanocotylidae), with molecular barcoding of three species and the description of a new species from the streaked gurnard Chelidonichthys lastoviza off Algeria. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12873. [PMID: 35178303 PMCID: PMC8815378 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family Plectanocotylidae includes parasites of the gills of marine fish; although nine genera and about 20 species have been described, almost no molecular information is available. Putting aside Plectanocotyle elliptica Diesing, 1850, supposedly a parasite of the white perch Morone americana, never found again since its original description, two species were valid within Plectanocotyle Diesing, 1850 before this work: Plectanocotyle gurnardi (Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863) Llewellyn, 1941 and Plectanocotyle major Boudaya, Neifar & Euzet, 2006. METHODS In this paper, we describe the third species of the genus Plectanocotyle and perform a comparative morphological and molecular analysis of the three species and of Triglicola obscura (Euzet & Suriano, 1974) Mamaev, 1976. Host fishes were also barcoded (COI) for confirmation of host identifications. RESULTS Plectanocotyle lastovizae n. sp. is described from the gills of the streaked gurnard Chelidonichthys lastoviza collected off Algeria. The species is compared with specimens of Plectanocotyle cf. gurnardi (from C. lastoviza) from the same locality and P. major and T. obscura (both from the longfin gurnard C. obscurus). Molecules from Plectanocotyle cf. gurnardi could not be compared with P. gurnardi from the type-host and type-locality and we kept the status of the Mediterranean specimens as pending. Algeria is a new geographic record for P. major and T. obscura. Plectanocotyle lastovizae n. sp. is distinguished from the other species found in the Mediterranean by the measurements of clamps, number of testes, and COI sequences, with notable divergence (7.8-11.8%) from the other two species of the genus. DISCUSSION We briefly present a list of currently known members of the family Plectanocotylidae, their biology and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhour El Mouna Ayadi
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, Algeria
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Alger, Algeria
| | - Delphine Gey
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- ISYEB-Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Lablack L, Rima M, Georgieva S, Marzoug D, Kostadinova A. Novel molecular data for monogenean parasites of sparid fishes in the Mediterranean and a molecular phylogeny of the Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2021; 2:100069. [PMID: 36589867 PMCID: PMC9795350 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During a study of the monogeneans of four sparid fishes (Diplodus vulgaris, Pagellus bogaraveo, Pagrus pagrus and Sparus aurata) from the Western Mediterranean off Algeria, a large collection of parasites was characterised molecularly (28S rRNA and cox1 genes). A total of 46 partial sequences (23 for each gene) were generated from 38 isolates of monogeneans which included four species (Atrispinum acarne, Microcotyle erythrini (sensu stricto), Sparicotyle chrysophrii and Prostatomicrocotylinae gen. sp.) of the family Microcotylidae, two putative species of the family Capsalidae (Encotyllabe spp.), and one species (Choricotyle chrysophryi) of the family Diclidophoridae. Our study provides (i) the first molecular data for the Capsalidae in the Mediterranean; (ii) the first record of a member of the Prostatomicrocotylinae in the Mediterranean and in a sparid fish (D. vulgaris); (iii) the first cox1 sequences for A. acarne; (iv) the second record of M. erythrini (s.s.) from P. pagrus; and (v) the second confirmed by molecular data record of S. chrysophrii in wild populations of S. aurata. The first phylogenetic hypotheses for the family Microcotylidae developed here, revealed the monophyly of the subfamily Prostatomicrocotylinae and the genus Microcotyle but the relationships among the subfamilies were still largely unresolved with the best represented subfamily Microcotylinae being polyphyletic. Our results highlight the importance of molecular methods in the assessment of monogenean diversity and the need for a thorough taxon-sampling approach to increase the accuracy of phylogenetic reconstruction of the relationships of the large and taxonomically complex polyopisthocotylean family Microcotylidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Lablack
- Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Département de Biologie, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Rima
- Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Département de Biologie, 31000 Oran, Algeria,Département en Eau Environnement et Développement Durable, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Hassiba BenBouali de Chlef, B.P 78C, Ouled Fares 02180, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Simona Georgieva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria,Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Parc Científic, Universitat de València, PO Box 22085, Valencia 46071, Spain
| | - Douniazed Marzoug
- Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Département de Biologie, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Aneta Kostadinova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria,Corresponding author.
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