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Miller EA, Amato R, Ponder JB, Bueno I. Survey of antimicrobial and probiotic use practices in wildlife rehabilitation in the United States. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308261. [PMID: 39088546 PMCID: PMC11293748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health concern. As such, there have been increased efforts to monitor and standardize antimicrobial prescribing practices in humans and domestic animals. In contrast, there is relatively little known about specific prescribing practices in wild animals despite the wide use of antimicrobials and other microbial interventions, such as probiotics to treat captive wildlife. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine current antimicrobial and probiotic use from a cross-section of wildlife rehabilitation facilities in the United States. An anonymous electronic survey was sent to 105 United States permitted wildlife facilities to collect information about admissions, current antimicrobial and probiotic use practices, and current staff knowledge and attitudes surrounding antimicrobial resistance and probiotic effectiveness. Respondents from over 50% of facilities participated in the survey (54/105), including 45 facilities that treated birds. All facilities reported using antimicrobials, including some from groups considered critically important for human medicine, for a wide range of medical conditions and prophylaxis. Among antibiotics, enrofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the most commonly used. Antifungals were not as widespread, but itraconazole was the most commonly used. Over 75% of respondents said that their facilities would benefit from having standardized antimicrobial guidelines in place. Probiotics were also used in more than 50% of facilities, but there was notable disparity in opinions regarding their efficacy. The results of this survey are a first step towards understanding antimicrobial and probiotic use practices in the treatment of captive wildlife and developing an antimicrobial stewardship program for wildlife rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Miller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rachel Amato
- The Raptor Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Julia B. Ponder
- The Raptor Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Irene Bueno
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, United Kingdom
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El-Sharkawy H, Abd El-Salam AM, Tahoun A. Pathology and Epidemiology of Fungal Infections in Layer Chicken Flocks. ADVANCED GUT & MICROBIOME RESEARCH 2023; 2023:1-13. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/9956074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections have a key effect on the commercial poultry production and welfare. Infections caused by fungi and their food contaminants are zoonotic and influence food safety. Eggs and cooked meats remain major public health concerns. Therefore, this research is aimed at examining the pathology and understanding the epidemiology of fungal infection in layer chicken flocks. The study was carried out on twenty-layer flocks from Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt, from January 2019 to December 2020. In total, 600 samples were collected from 100 healthy and diseased layer chickens from different organs (skin, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and ovary). In this work, we present the clinical and pathological characteristics of some fungal pathogens (Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp.) in layer chicken flocks, as they are responsible for reducing the egg production. In total, 19 fungal strains were isolated from individual chickens, and these were analysed to determine the fungal species. The total proportion of fungal infections at the farm level was (3/20) 15%. The main clinical signs were emaciation and mortalities that reached
. We report the first isolation of Aspergillus piperis and Fusarium species from the ovary of poultry, which is the main reason for egg retention and multiple numerous nodules of occasional caseating centers in layer ovaries. The histopathological findings of Aspergillus infection are indicated by the presence of branched hyphae that tend to be numerous and progressive. Furthermore, we found spherules with multiple endospores of Fusarium spp. in the ovaries. Morphological and molecular identification and analysis were performed to confirm the etiological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanem El-Sharkawy
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abd El-Salam
- Department of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
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Nourani L, Aliabadian M, Mirshamsi O, Dinparast Djadid N. Prevalence of co-infection and genetic diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites in two rehabilitation facilities in Iran: implications for the conservation of captive raptors. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:114. [PMID: 36209068 PMCID: PMC9547439 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various haemosporidian parasites infect raptors, especially captive hosts who may be more exposed. Diagnosis of threatening factors such as infectious diseases indirectly has a significant role in protecting endangered or threatened species that may boost the mortality or extinction resulting from declined reproduction. Few investigations have been performed in captive hosts to detect the prevalence of haemosporidian parasites and define genetic diversity in west Asia. For the first time, the current study was designed to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of haemosporidian parasites in captive raptors by molecular methods in two rehabilitation facilities in North and North-east Iran and to define phylogenetic relationships of detected lineages circulating in raptors. Results Molecular characterization of the haemosporidian parasite was accomplished by PCR-based method and DNA sequencing in 62 captive raptors. The overall prevalence was ~ 36% with higher infection of Haemoproteus spp. than Leucocytozoon spp. Plasmodium infection was not detected in any host. Results showed that 22 individuals (of 10 species) were infected with unique lineages. Genus Haemoproteus was detected in 26.66% of examined individuals (of eight species) and Leucocytozoon was found in 10% of individuals (of four species). The molecular analysis could detect ten lineages (nine Haemoproteus spp. and one Leucocytozoon spp.) which were categorizes as new and six lineages which have been previously detected in the other investigations. Conclusions The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis derived from obtained data in the present study and published lineages in previous investigations indicated the probable host specificity of Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon parasites in several sub-clades at hosts’ order and genus level. As monitoring the parasite loads of captive birds when admitted reduce the risk of infecting hosts in captivity at those locations, we designed this study to determine infection prevalence and genetic diversity of blood parasites in raptors examined in Iran. These results allow mapping of haemosporidian distribution and shed light on the depth of their diversity in Iran to protect species by identification of risk in rehabilitation facilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02068-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nourani
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mansour Aliabadian
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Research Department of Zoological Innovations (RDZI), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Mirshamsi
- grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411301.60000 0001 0666 1211Research Department of Zoological Innovations (RDZI), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Important Mycoses of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology—A Review: PART 1. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151874. [PMID: 35892524 PMCID: PMC9331704 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The number of wild animals is steadily declining globally, so the early diagnosis and proper treatment of emerging diseases are vital. Fungal diseases are commonly encountered in practice and have a high zoonotic potential. This article describes aspergillosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and penicilliosis, and is only the first part of a detailed review. The laboratory methods (fungal isolation, gross pathology, histopathology, histochemistry, cytology, immunohistochemistry, radiography, CT, PCR, or ELISA) used in the diagnosis and the clinical details that provide a complete view of the mycoses are presented. Abstract In the past few years, there has been a spurred tripling in the figures of fungal diseases leading to one of the most alarming rates of extinction ever reported in wild species. Some of these fungal diseases are capable of virulent infections and are now considered emerging diseases due to the extremely high number of cases diagnosed with fungal infections in the last few decades. Most of these mycotic diseases in wildlife are zoonotic, and with the emergence and re-emergence of viral and bacterial zoonotic diseases originating from wildlife, which are causing devastating effects on the human population, it is important to pay attention to these wildlife-borne mycotic diseases with zoonotic capabilities. Several diagnostic techniques such as fungal isolation, gross pathology, histopathology, histochemistry, cytology, immunohistochemistry, radiography, CT, and molecular methods such as PCR or ELISA have been invaluable in the diagnosis of wildlife mycoses. The most important data used in the diagnosis of these wildlife mycoses with a zoonotic potential have been re-emphasized. This will have implications for forestalling future epidemics of these potential zoonotic mycotic diseases originating from wildlife. In conclusion, this review will highlight the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, pathology, and hematological/serum biochemical findings of five important mycoses found in wild animals.
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Arné P, Risco-Castillo V, Jouvion G, Le Barzic C, Guillot J. Aspergillosis in Wild Birds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:241. [PMID: 33807065 PMCID: PMC8004873 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus are able to proliferate in a large number of environments on organic substrates. The spores of these opportunistic pathogens, when inhaled, can cause serious and often fatal infections in a wide variety of captive and free-roaming wild birds. The relative importance of innate immunity and the level of exposure in the development of the disease can vary considerably between avian species and epidemiological situations. Given the low efficacy of therapeutic treatments, it is essential that breeders or avian practitioners know the conditions that favor the emergence of Aspergillosis in order to put adequate preventive measures in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Arné
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (V.R.-C.); (C.L.B.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Veronica Risco-Castillo
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (V.R.-C.); (C.L.B.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.J.); (J.G.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.J.); (J.G.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Le Barzic
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire de la Faune Sauvage (Chuv-FS), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (V.R.-C.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Dynamic Research Group UPEC, EnvA, USC Anses, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (G.J.); (J.G.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biopôle Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Sabino R, Burco J, Valente J, Veríssimo C, Clemons KV, Stevens DA, Tell LA. Molecular identification of clinical and environmental avian Aspergillus isolates. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:253-257. [PMID: 30627760 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillosis causes high morbidity and mortality in avian species. The main goal of this study was to use molecular techniques to identify Aspergillus species collected from different avian species with aspergillosis. A subsample of those isolates was also screened for resistance to itraconazole. Over a 2-year period, clinical samples were recovered from 44 birds with clinical signs of the disease, clinical pathology results suspicious of aspergillosis, or from birds that died from Aspergillus spp. infection. Environmental sampling was also performed in seabird rehabilitation centers and natural seabird environments. Seventy-seven isolates (43 clinical and 34 environmental) were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto. No cryptic species from the Fumigati section were detected. Two environmental isolates were identified as Aspergillus nidulans var. dentatus and Aspergillus spinulosporus. None of the Aspergillus isolates tested were resistant to itraconazole. Our study emphasizes the dominant association of Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto in avian mycoses and shows the lack of itraconazole resistance in the studied isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sabino
- URSZ-Infectious Diseases Department, Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Julia Burco
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Joana Valente
- URSZ-Infectious Diseases Department, Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Veríssimo
- URSZ-Infectious Diseases Department, Nacional Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karl V Clemons
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - David A Stevens
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Savelieff MG, Pappalardo L, Azmanis P. The current status of avian aspergillosis diagnoses: Veterinary practice to novel research avenues. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:342-362. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Pappalardo
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences; American University of Sharjah; Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Azmanis
- Dubai Falcon Hospital/Wadi Al Safa Wildlife Center; Dubai United Arab Emirates
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8
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Wernery U, Tsang CC, Hebel C, Damerau A, Kinne J, Cai JP, Küspert H, Chan KF, Joseph M, Xue S, Raghavan R, Tang JYM, Syriac G, Lau SKP, Jose S, Woo PCY. Serodiagnosis of aspergillosis in falcons (Falco spp.) by an Afmp1p-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mycoses 2018; 61:600-609. [PMID: 29611232 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillosis in falcons may be associated with high mortality and difficulties in clinical and laboratory diagnosis. We previously cloned an immunogenic protein, Afmp1p, in Aspergillus fumigatus and showed that anti-Afmp1p antibodies were present in human patients with A. fumigatus infections. In this study, we hypothesise that a similar Afmp1p-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could be applied to serodiagnose falcon aspergillosis. A specific polyclonal antibody was first generated to detect falcon serum IgY. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugate of this antibody was then used to measure anti-Afmp1p antibodies in sera collected from falcons experimentally infected with A. fumigatus, and the performance of the Afmp1p-based ELISA was evaluated using sera from healthy falcons and falcons with documented A. fumigatus infections. All four experimentally infected falcons developed culture- and histology-proven invasive aspergillosis. Anti-Afmp1p antibodies were detected in their sera. For the Afmp1p-based ELISA, the mean ± SD OD450 nm using sera from 129 healthy falcons was 0.186 ± 0.073. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed an absorbance cut-off value of 0.407. One negative serum gave an absorbance outside the normal range, giving a specificity of 99.2%. For the 12 sera from falcons with confirmed aspergillosis, nine gave absorbance values ≥ cut-off, giving a sensitivity of 75%. The Afmp1p-based ELISA is useful for serodiagnosis of falcons with aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wernery
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Jörg Kinne
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ka-Fai Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Marina Joseph
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaolong Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rekha Raghavan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - James Y M Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ginu Syriac
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shantymol Jose
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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9
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What is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:288-293. [PMID: 28891691 DOI: 10.1647/2017-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Fischer D, Van Waeyenberghe L, Failing K, Martel A, Lierz M. Single tracheal inoculation of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia induced aspergillosis in juvenile falcons (Falco spp.). Avian Pathol 2017; 47:33-46. [PMID: 28758799 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1360470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a common and life-threatening respiratory disease in raptors with acute and chronic courses. Among raptors, gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) and their hybrids are often declared to be highly susceptible with juvenile individuals being the most susceptible. However, species- and age-specific experimental studies are lacking and minimal infective doses (IDs) for Aspergillus spp. conidia are unknown.Therefore, 8-week-old, healthy gyr-hybrid falcons (F. rusticolus X F. cherrug) (N = 18) were experimentally infected with Aspergillus fumigatus using a single intratracheal inoculation with varying dosages of conidia (102 to 107 conidia). Over 28 days, clinical signs were monitored as well as haematological and serological parameters. Following euthanasia, necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology, and mycology were performed. Re-isolated fungi were compared to the inoculum using microsatellite length polymorphisms. During the trial, clinical signs and dyspnoea correlated significantly with the ID. Necropsy revealed fungal lesions in the upper and lower airways of 10/18 inoculated falcons, but not in the control birds. In 9/18 inoculated falcons, fungal granulomas were confirmed in histopathology and A. fumigatus was re-isolated from these granulomas. Except one nasal isolate all re-isolated fungal strains were identical to the inoculum strain. Based on mycology and histopathology a minimal ID of 50% was calculated to be MID50% (±S.E.) = 104.52±0.67 for a single tracheal inoculation of A. fumigatus conidia. This study demonstrates for the first time that a single exposure is able to cause acute aspergillosis in juvenile falcons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Fischer
- a Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - Lieven Van Waeyenberghe
- b Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - Klaus Failing
- c Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Veterinary Faculty , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
| | - An Martel
- b Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - Michael Lierz
- a Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish , Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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Pardeike J, Weber S, Zarfl HP, Pagitz M, Zimmer A. Itraconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for pulmonary treatment of aspergillosis in falcons. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:269-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Echenique JV, Bandarra PM, Brauner RK, Soares MP, Coimbra MA, Schild AL. Infecção por pox vírus e Aspergillus fumigatus em Bubo virginianus (Coruja jacurutu). PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resumo: Este trabalho descreve um caso de infecção mista por pox vírus e Aspergillus fumigatus em Bubo virginianus (coruja jacurutu). A ave, um macho adulto, foi encaminhada ao Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS/CETAS/UFPEL). Apresentava bom estado corporal, estava ativa, porém com incapacidade de voo. Após três dias apresentou lesões crostosas e de aspecto verrucoso na superfície dorsal das patas. Havia, também, nódulos de mesmo aspecto na pálpebra esquerda e na cera. A ave morreu após 15 dias de sua chegada ao NURFS e foi necropsiada no Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD/UFPel). Histologicamente, as lesões verrucosas caracterizavam-se por hiperplasia do epitélio e nas células das camadas basal, espinhosa, granular e córnea havia corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos do tipo Bollinger. Na microscopia eletrônica foram visualizadas partículas virais características de pox vírus, incluindo Bubo virginianus como um hospedeiro do vírus. Havia, ainda, infiltrado inflamatório de células mononucleares e focos de colônias bacterianas na derme. Nos pulmões havia congestão e presença de granulomas com hifas fúngicas, que pela técnica de Grocott, apresentaram ramificação dicotômica compatível com Aspergillus spp., identificado na cultura como A. fumigatus. O diagnóstico de infecção por avipoxvirus pode contribuir para estudos relacionados com a ocorrência desta doença nas populações de vida livre e como informação auxiliar para o manejo e conservação desta espécie. Sugere-se, ainda, a inclusão do uso de raios-X nos protocolos de centros de reabilitação como o diagnostico de aspergilose em aves rapinantes com bom estado corporal, porém incapazes de voar.
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13
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Fischer D, Lierz M. Diagnostic Procedures and Available Techniques for the Diagnosis of Aspergillosis in Birds. J Exot Pet Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Caliendo V, McKinney P. Fungal airsacculitis associated with serratospiculiasis in captive falcons of the United Arab Emirates. Vet Rec 2013; 173:143. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Caliendo
- Al Wasl Veterinary Clinic; PO Box 75565 Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | - P. McKinney
- Al Wasl Veterinary Clinic; PO Box 75565 Dubai United Arab Emirates
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Pello SJ, Olsen GH. Emerging and reemerging diseases of avian wildlife. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2013; 16:357-81. [PMID: 23642867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Of the many important avian wildlife diseases, aspergillosis, West Nile virus, avipoxvirus, Wellfleet Bay virus, avian influenza, and inclusion body disease of cranes are covered in this article. Wellfleet Bay virus, first identified in 2010, is considered an emerging disease. Avian influenza and West Nile virus have recently been in the public eye because of their zoonotic potential and links to wildlife. Several diseases labeled as reemerging are included because of recent outbreaks or, more importantly, recent research in areas such as genomics, which shed light on the mechanisms whereby these adaptable, persistent pathogens continue to spread and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Pello
- Animal & Bird Health Care Center, Cherry Hill, NJ 08003, USA.
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Rundfeldt C, Wyska E, Steckel H, Witkowski A, Jeżewska-Witkowska G, Wlaź P. A model for treating avian aspergillosis: serum and lung tissue kinetics for Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) following single and multiple aerosol exposures of a nanoparticulate itraconazole suspension. Med Mycol 2013; 51:800-10. [PMID: 23815436 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.803166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is frequently reported in parrots, falcons and other birds held in captivity. Inhalation is the main route of infection for Aspergillus fumigatus, resulting in both acute and chronic disease conditions. Itraconazole (ITRA) is an antifungal commonly used in birds, but administration requires repeated oral dosing and the safety margin is narrow. We describe lung tissue and serum pharmacokinetics of a nanoparticulate ITRA suspension administered to Japanese quail by aerosol exposure. Aerosolized ITRA (1 and 10% suspension) administered over 30 min did not induce adverse clinical reactions in quail upon single or 5-day repeated doses. High lung concentrations, well above the inhibitory levels for A. fumigatus, of 4.14 ± 0.19 μg/g and 27.5 ± 4.58 μg/g (mean ± SEM, n = 3), were achieved following single-dose inhalation of 1% and 10% suspension, respectively. Upon multiple dose administration of 10% suspension, mean lung concentrations reached 104.9 ± 10.1 μg/g. Drug clearance from the lungs was slow with terminal half-lives of 19.7 h and 35.8 h following inhalation of 1% and 10% suspension, respectively. Data suggest that lung clearance is solubility driven. Lung concentrations of hydroxy-itraconazole reached 1-2% of the ITRA lung tissue concentration indicating metabolism in lung tissue. Steady, but low, serum concentrations of ITRA could be measured after multiple dose administration, reaching less than 0.1% of the lung tissue concentration. This formulation may represent a novel, easy to administer treatment modality for fungal lung infection, preventing high systemic exposure. It may also be useful as metaphylaxis to prevent the outbreak of aspergillosis in colonized animals.
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Van Waeyenberghe L, Fischer D, Coenye T, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F, Lierz M, Martel A. Susceptibility of adult pigeons and hybrid falcons to experimental aspergillosis. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:563-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.733930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Van Waeyenberghe
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - D. Fischer
- b Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish , Justus Liebig University , Frankfurter Straβe 91–93, 35392 , Giessen , Germany
| | - T. Coenye
- c Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 , Gent , Belgium
| | - R. Ducatelle
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - F. Haesebrouck
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - F. Pasmans
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
| | - M. Lierz
- b Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish , Justus Liebig University , Frankfurter Straβe 91–93, 35392 , Giessen , Germany
| | - A. Martel
- a The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Salisburylaan 133, 9820 , Merelbeke , Belgium
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18
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Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T, Kitowski I. Aspergillus fumigatus and Other Thermophilic Fungi in Nests of Wetland Birds. Mycopathologia 2012; 175:43-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Van Waeyenberghe L, Pasmans F, D'Herde K, Ducatelle R, Favoreel H, Li SJ, Haesebrouck F, Martel A. Germination of Aspergillus fumigatus inside avian respiratory macrophages is associated with cytotoxicity. Vet Res 2012; 43:32. [PMID: 22515231 PMCID: PMC3414738 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aspergillosis is one of the most common diseases in captive birds, the pathogenesis of avian aspergillosis is poorly known. We studied the role of avian respiratory macrophages as a first line of defense against avian aspergillosis. The phagocytic and killing capacities of avian respiratory macrophages were evaluated using pigeon respiratory macrophages that were inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. On average, 25% of macrophage-associated conidia were phagocytosed after one hour. Sixteen percents of these cell-associated conidia were killed after 4 h and conidial germination was inhibited in more than 95% of the conidia. A. fumigatus conidia were shown to be cytotoxic to the macrophages. Intracellularly germinating conidia were located free in the cytoplasm of necrotic cells, as shown using transmission electron microscopy. These results suggest that avian respiratory macrophages may prevent early establishment of infection, unless the number of A. fumigatus conidia exceeds the macrophage killing capacity, leading to intracellular germination and colonization of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Van Waeyenberghe
- The Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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20
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Peniche G, Vaughan-Higgins R, Carter I, Pocknell A, Simpson D, Sainsbury A. Long-term health effects of harness-mounted radio transmitters in red kites (Milvus milvus
) in England. Vet Rec 2011; 169:311. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Peniche
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - R. Vaughan-Higgins
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Ian Carter
- Natural England; Third Floor, Touthill Close, City Road Peterborough PE1 1XN UK
| | - A. Pocknell
- Finn Pathologists; One Eyed Lane, Weybread, Diss Norfolk IP21 5TT UK
| | - D. Simpson
- Yorkshire Red Kites; 51 Heather Way, Killinghall Moor Harrogate North Yorkshire HG3 2SH UK
| | - A. Sainsbury
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
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21
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Beernaert LA, Pasmans F, Van Waeyenberghe L, Haesebrouck F, Martel A. Aspergillusinfections in birds: a review. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:325-31. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2010.506210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beernaert LA, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Martel A. Modelling Aspergillus fumigatus infections in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica). Avian Pathol 2008; 37:545-9. [PMID: 18798031 DOI: 10.1080/03079450802382280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In vivo modelling of aspergillosis in birds allows the evaluation of control measures and the study of host-pathogen interactions. In this study the impact of the use of different inoculation routes and immunosuppression on the course of an infection with Aspergillus fumigatus in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) was examined. A. fumigatus conidia were inoculated in the thoracic air sac, lung or trachea in immunocompetent or immunosuppressed pigeon squabs. Immunosuppression was induced by three dexamethasone injections before inoculation. Mortality in the A. fumigatus-inoculated groups varied between 1/4 and 4/4. The highest and more acute mortality was seen in immunocompetent pigeons inoculated in the thoracic air sac and in pigeons inoculated in the thoracic air sac or lung after immunosuppression. Pigeons inoculated in the lung or inoculated intratracheally after immunosuppression developed an aspergillosis infection with a slower course of disease and more prominent clinical symptoms. Using microsatellite length polymorphism, it was confirmed that all mycoses were caused by the inoculated strain except for one isolate in a dexamethasone-treated pigeon. In conclusion, inoculation in the lung is selected as the preferred model for chronic aspergillosis in pigeons, and inoculation in the thoracic air sac as the preferred model for acute aspergillosis. The use of immunosuppressed birds seems to be contra-indicated due to the risk of opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Beernaert
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Bonar CJ, Lewandowski AH. Use of a Liposomal Formulation of Amphotericin B for Treating Wound Aspergillosis in a Goliath Heron (Ardea goliath). J Avian Med Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1647/2003-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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