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The Relationship between the Plasma Concentration of Electrolytes and Intensity of Sleep Bruxism and Blood Pressure Variability among Sleep Bruxers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112804. [PMID: 36359324 PMCID: PMC9687451 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma sodium plays a major role in regulating blood pressure (BP). An augmented variability of BP is considered a risk factor for the development of arterial hypertension, which is prevalent among patients with suspected sleep bruxism (SB). The aims of this study were to assess the plasma concentration of electrolytes and their effect on the intensity of SB and BP variability among sleep bruxers. A total of 51 patients were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. A single full-night polysomnographic examination was conducted in the Wroclaw Medical University Sleep Laboratory, Poland, and based on the guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the results were analyzed. The monitoring of ambulatory BP was performed the next day, and the plasma levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium were measured. The mean age of the studied group was 33.9 ± 11.2 years, and the mean bruxism episode index (BEI) was 4.94 ± 3.53. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the plasma concentrations of sodium in the SB group. A decreased sodium concentration was observed in the group of mild bruxers (2 ≤ BEI < 4) (139.7 ± 1.4 vs. 142.8 ± 3.2, p = 0.002) and severe bruxers (BEI ≥ 4) (140.5 ± 2.0 vs. 142.8 ± 3.2, p = 0.016) compared to nonbruxers (BEI < 2). A statistically significant positive linear correlation was found between plasma sodium concentration and daytime systolic BP variability (r = 0.32, p < 0.05) as well as between plasma sodium concentration and nighttime diastolic BP variability (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). The preliminary results suggest the probable relationship between the lower plasma concentration of sodium and increased intensity of SB and BP variability among suspected sleep bruxers.
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Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism by Finerenone—Translational Aspects and Clinical Perspectives across Multiple Organ Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169243. [PMID: 36012508 PMCID: PMC9408839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of the role of the aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) ensemble has been extended from a previously renal epithelial-centered focus on sodium and volume homeostasis to an understanding of their role as systemic modulators of reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and fibrosis. Steroidal MR antagonists (MRAs) are included in treatment paradigms for resistant hypertension and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while more recently, the nonsteroidal MRA finerenone was shown to reduce renal and cardiovascular outcomes in two large phase III trials (FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD) in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiologic role of MR overactivation and preclinical evidence with the nonsteroidal MRA finerenone in a range of different disease models with respect to major components of the aggregate mode of action, including interfering with reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. We describe a time-dependent effect of these mechanistic components and the potential modification of major clinical parameters, as well as the impact on clinical renal and cardiovascular outcomes as observed in FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD. Finally, we provide an outlook on potential future clinical indications and ongoing clinical studies with finerenone, including a combination study with a sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor.
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Li M, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Yin D, Xu F. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases: Theories, Applications, and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917975. [PMID: 35924053 PMCID: PMC9340222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and progressive disease that has become a major public health problem on a global scale. Renal fibrosis is a common feature in the pathogenesis of CKD, which is mainly related to the excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix caused by various inflammatory factors. No ideal treatment has yet been established. In recent years, based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of CKD and its molecular mechanism, clinical evidence or experimental studies have confirmed that a variety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and their effective components can delay the progress of CKD. TCM believes that the pathogenesis of CKD is the deficiency in the root and excess in the branch, and the deficiency and excess are always accompanied by the disease. The strategies of TCM in treating CKD are mainly based on invigorating Qi, tonifying the kidneys, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, eliminating heat and dampness, removing turbidity, and eliminating edema, and these effects are multitargeted and multifunctional. This review attempts to summarize the theories and treatment strategies of TCM in the treatment of CKD and presents the efficacy and mechanisms of several CMMs supported by clinical evidence or experimental studies. In addition, the relationship between the macroscopic of TCM and the microscopic of modern medicine and the problems faced in further research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
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Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, Winsor K, Blass GR, Spires DR, Sarsenova E, Polina I, Zietara A, Paterson M, Kriegel AJ, Staruschenko A. Effects of elevation of ANP and its deficiency on cardiorenal function. JCI Insight 2022; 7:148682. [PMID: 35380994 PMCID: PMC9090260 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), encoded by Nppa, is a vasodilatory hormone that promotes salt excretion. Genome-wide association studies identified Nppa as a causative factor of blood pressure development, and in humans, ANP levels were suggested as an indicator of salt sensitivity. This study aimed to provide insights into the effects of ANP on cardiorenal function in salt-sensitive hypertension. To address this question, hypertension was induced in SSNPPA-/- (knockout of Nppa in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rat background) or SSWT (wild type Dahl SS) rats by a high salt diet challenge (HS, 4% NaCl for 21 days). Chronic infusion of ANP in SSWT rats attenuated the increase in blood pressure and cardiorenal damage. Overall, SSNPPA-/- strain demonstrated higher blood pressure and intensified cardiac fibrosis (with no changes in ejection fraction) compared to SSWT rats. Furthermore, SSNPPA-/- rats exhibited kidney hypertrophy and higher glomerular injury scores, reduced diuresis, and lower sodium and chloride excretion than SSWT when fed a HS diet. Additionally, the activity of epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) was found to be increased in the collecting ducts of the SSNPPA-/- rats. Taken together, these data show promise for the therapeutic benefits of ANP and ANP-increasing drugs for treating salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, United States of America
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Kristen Winsor
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Gregory R Blass
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Denisha R Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, United States of America
| | - Elizaveta Sarsenova
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Iuliia Polina
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Adrian Zietara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Mark Paterson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
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Gao C, Bai WF, Zhou HB, Hao HM, Bai YC, Liu QL, Chang H, Shi SL. Metabolomic assessment of mechanisms underlying anti-renal fibrosis properties of petroleum ether extract from Amygdalus mongolica. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:565-574. [PMID: 33989107 PMCID: PMC8128208 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1920619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The petroleum ether extract (PET) of Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker (Rosaceae) has an ameliorative effect on renal fibrosis (RF). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antifibrotic effects of A. mongolica seeds PET on RF by serum metabolomics, biochemical and histopathological analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated, RF model, benazepril hydrochloride-treated model (1.5 mg/kg) and PET-treated (1.75, 1.25, 0.75 g/kg) groups, and the respective drugs were administered intragastrically for 21 days. Biochemical indicators including BUN, Scr, HYP, SOD, and MDA were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were used for histological examination. The serum metabolomic profiles were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and metabolism network analysis. Acute toxicity test was performed to validate biosafety. RESULTS The PET LD50 was >23.9 g/kg in rats. PET significantly alleviated fibrosis by reducing the levels of Scr (from 34.02 to 32.02), HYP (from 403.67 to 303.17) and MDA (from 1.84 to 1.73), and increasing that of SOD (from 256.42 to 271.85). Metabolomic profiling identified 10 potential biomarkers, of which three key markers were significantly associated with RF-related pathways including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. In addition, three key biomarkers were restored to baseline levels following PET treatment, with the medium dose showing optimal effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed the mechanism of A. mongolica PET antifibrotic effects for RF rats on metabolic activity and provided the experimental basis for the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Wan-fu Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Hong-bing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Hai-mei Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ying-chun Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Quan-li Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Song-li Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Institute of Bioactive Substance and Function of Mongolian Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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Valtuille R. Potential Novel Benefits of Sodium Restriction in Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:59-66. [PMID: 32538730 DOI: 10.2174/1573402116666200615152139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a global public health issue, and it has been considered as the epidemic of the 21st century. Therefore, all initiatives addressed to slow down the evolution and complications of this condition should be well received. While the effects of salt reduction on cardiovascular disease have some controversial issues, in chronic kidney disease, such a policy is beneficial in multiple aspects. In chronic kidney disease patients, dietary sodium restriction is regularly recommended to control extracellular fluid expansion, hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Instead, the effects of sodium reduction on chronic kidney disease progression are still controversial. In the last years, potentially beneficial effects of a low sodium diet on chronic kidney disease evolution have emerged. Firstly, recent magnetic resonance-based findings of increased Na depots in skin and muscle associated with renal function, ageing and sodium intake open a vast body of investigation as a potential tool for monitoring effects of sodium restriction. In this narrative review, we also discussed novel aspects of sodium restriction in chronic kidney disease to manage metabolic acidosis as well as renal effects on fibroblast growth factor 23 or gut microbiota. Beyond current evidence, these approaches showed that common findings of kidney failure environment such as sodium -sensitivity, micro-inflammation, arterial stiffness metabolic acidosis and sarcopenia could be delayed controlling dietary sodium. Additional studies are now needed in populations with chronic kidney disease to confirm these new findings, addressed to slow down the evolution and complications of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Valtuille
- Department of Clinical Research, Universidad Nacional Guillermo Brown, 2289 Espora Avenue, Burzaco, B1852FZD Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhang A, Nakano D, Morisawa N, Kitada K, Kittikulsuth W, Rahman A, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Nishiyama A. Effects of molidustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, on sodium dynamics in hypertensive subtotally nephrectomized rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:98-104. [PMID: 33941326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD) inhibitors were developed for treatment of renal anemia. Patients applicable for HIF-PHD inhibitor treatment experience complications such as chronic kidney disease, whereby water and electrolyte homeostasis is disrupted. The effects of hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization on salt accumulation in the setting of reduced renal function remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a HIF-PHD inhibitor, molidustat, on salt distribution and excretion in rats with subtotal nephrectomy-induced chronic kidney disease. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy. After confirming blood pressure elevation (>150 mmHg, at 4 weeks after surgery), rats were treated with molidustat. After 1 week of treatment, molidustat did not significantly improve blood cell volume or blood pressure. Distribution of sodium, potassium, and water in skin, carcass, and bone samples was not affected by molidustat. Furthermore, molidustat had no significant effect on urinary sodium excretion or concentration in response to acute oral salt loading (1 g/kg). In conclusion, molidustat did not affect distribution or excretion of salt in rats subjected to a model of nephron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
| | | | - Kento Kitada
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Morikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Konishi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Någård M, Singh B, Boulton DW. Effects of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on sodium and potassium excretion in healthy adults: a Phase 1 study. Clin Kidney J 2020; 14:1924-1931. [PMID: 34345416 PMCID: PMC8323143 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC; formerly ZS-9) is a potassium (K+) binder for treatment of hyperkalemia in adults. SZC binds K+ in exchange for sodium (Na+) or hydrogen (H+) in the gastrointestinal tract, conveying potential for systemic absorption of Na+. Methods This single-center Phase 1 study evaluated the effects of SZC on Na+ and K+ excretion in healthy, normokalemic adults. During an initial run-in period (Days 1–2), participants started a high K+/low Na+ diet. After baseline (Days 3–4), SCZ 5 or 10 g once daily (QD) was administered (Days 5–8). The primary endpoint was mean change in urinary Na+ excretion from baseline (Days 3–4) to the treatment period (Days 7–8). Results Of 32 enrolled participants, 30 entered and completed the study; the first 15 received 5 g and the next 15 received 10 g. Nonsignificant changes from baseline in urinary Na+ excretion were observed with SZC 5 g (mean ± SD −0.93 ± 25.85 mmol/24 h) and 10 g (−5.47 ± 13.90 mmol/24 h). Statistically significant decreases from baseline in urinary K+ excretion (mean ± SD −21.17 ± 21.26 mmol/24 h; P = 0.0017) and serum K+ concentration (−0.25 ± 0.24 mmol/L; P = 0.0014) were observed with the 10-g dose. There were few adverse events and no clinically meaningful changes in vital signs or laboratory safety measures. Conclusions Treatment with SZC 5 or 10 g QD reduced serum K+ concentration and urinary K+ excretion, with no significant effect on urinary Na+ excretion, and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Någård
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David W Boulton
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Kazmi I, Al-Maliki WH, Ali H, Al-Abbasi FA. Biochemical interaction of salt sensitivity: a key player for the development of essential hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:767-773. [PMID: 33070283 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 1 billion people have elevated blood pressure, with up to 45% of adults affected by the disease. In 2016 the global health study report on patients from 67 countries was released in Lancet, which identified hypertension as the world's leading cause for death and disability-adjusted years since 1990. This paper aims to analyze the pathophysiological connection between hemodynamic inflammatory reactions through sodium balance, salt sensitivity, and potential pathophysiological reactions. Besides, we explore how sodium consumption enhances the expression of transient receptor potential channel 3 (TrpC3) mRNA and facilitates the release of calcium inside immune cell groups, together with elevated blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed Hassan Al-Maliki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, 720048, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Pushpakumar S, Ahmad A, Ketchem CJ, Jose PA, Weinman EJ, Sen U, Lederer ED, Khundmiri SJ. Sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) confers salt sensitivity in both male and female models of hypertension in aging. Life Sci 2020; 243:117226. [PMID: 31904366 PMCID: PMC7015806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for premature death and roughly 50% of hypertensive patients are salt-sensitive. The incidence of salt-sensitive hypertension increases with age. However, the mechanisms of salt-sensitive hypertension are not well understood. We had demonstrated decreased renal sodium‑hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) expression in old salt-resistant F344 rats. Based on those studies we hypothesized that NHERF1 expression is required for the development of some forms of salt-sensitive hypertension. To address this hypothesis, we measured blood pressure in NHERF1 expressing salt-sensitive 4-mo and 24-mo-old male and female Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats male and female 18-mo-old NHERF1 knock-out (NHERF1-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates on C57BL/6J background after feeding high salt (8% NaCl) diet for 7 days. Our data demonstrate that 8% salt diet increased blood pressure in both male and female 24-mo-old FBN rats but not in 4-mo-old FBN rats and in 18-mo-old male and female WT mice but not in NHERF1-/- mice. Renal dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) expression was decreased in 24-mo-old rats, compared with 4-mo-old FBN rats. However, sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) expression increased in 24-mo-old FBN rats. In FBN rats, age had no effect on NaK ATPase α1 and NKCC2 expression. By contrast, high salt diet increased the renal expressions of NKCC2, and NCC in 24-mo-old FBN rats. High salt diet also increased NKCC2 and NCC expression in WT mice but not NHERF1-/- mice. Our data suggest that renal NHERF1 expression confers salt sensitivity with aging, associated with increased expression of sodium transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Asrar Ahmad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Corey J Ketchem
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Edward J Weinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Eleanor D Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America.
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Ehmke H. Sodium retention by uPA in nephrotic syndrome? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13393. [PMID: 31559686 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Ehmke
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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12
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Vidal-Petiot E, Metzger M, Faucon AL, Boffa JJ, Haymann JP, Thervet E, Houillier P, Geri G, Stengel B, Vrtovsnik F, Flamant M. Extracellular Fluid Volume Is an Independent Determinant of Uncontrolled and Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: A NephroTest Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010278. [PMID: 30371309 PMCID: PMC6404875 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertension is highly prevalent during chronic kidney disease (CKD) and, in turn, worsens CKD prognosis. We aimed to describe the determinants of uncontrolled and resistant hypertension during CKD. Methods and Results We analyzed baseline data from patients with CKD stage 1 to 5 (NephroTest cohort) who underwent thorough renal explorations, including measurements of glomerular filtration rate (clearance of 51Cr‐EDTA) and of extracellular water (volume of distribution of the tracer). Hypertension was defined as blood pressure (BP; average of 3 office measurements) ≥140/90 mm Hg or the use of antihypertensive drugs. In 2015 patients (mean age, 58.7±15.3 years; 67% men; mean glomerular filtration rate, 42±15 mL/min per 1.73 m2), prevalence of hypertension was 88%. Among hypertensive patients, 44% and 32% had uncontrolled (≥140/90 mm Hg) and resistant (uncontrolled BP despite 3 drugs, including a diuretic, or ≥4 drugs, including a diuretic, regardless of BP level) hypertension, respectively. In multivariable analysis, extracellular water, older age, higher albuminuria, diabetic nephropathy, and the absence of aldosterone blockers were independently associated with uncontrolled BP. Extracellular water, older age, lower glomerular filtration rate, higher albuminuria and body mass index, male sex, African origin, diabetes mellitus, and diabetic and glomerular nephropathies were associated with resistant hypertension. Conclusions In this large population of patients with CKD, a lower glomerular filtration rate, a higher body mass index, diabetic status, and African origin were associated with hypertension severity but not with BP control. Higher extracellular water, older age, and higher albuminuria were independent determinants of both resistant and uncontrolled hypertension during CKD. Our results advocate for the large use of diuretics in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot
- 1 Physiology Department Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Bichat and Inserm U1149 Paris France.,2 Paris Diderot University Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Marie Metzger
- 3 Inserm Centre de recherche en Epidéemiologie et Santée des Populations U1018 Hôpital Paul Brousse Villejuif France
| | - Anne-Laure Faucon
- 3 Inserm Centre de recherche en Epidéemiologie et Santée des Populations U1018 Hôpital Paul Brousse Villejuif France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- 4 Nephrology Department APHP, Hôpital Tenon Paris France.,5 Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- 5 Pierre et Marie Curie University Paris France.,6 Physiology Department APHP, Hôpital Tenon Paris France
| | - Eric Thervet
- 7 Nephrology Department APHP HEGP Paris France.,8 Paris Descartes University Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Pascal Houillier
- 1 Physiology Department Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Bichat and Inserm U1149 Paris France.,8 Paris Descartes University Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France.,9 Physiology Department APHP Hôpital Tenon, Georges Pompidou Paris France.,10 INSERM UMR_S1138 Paris France
| | - Guillaume Geri
- 3 Inserm Centre de recherche en Epidéemiologie et Santée des Populations U1018 Hôpital Paul Brousse Villejuif France.,11 Intensive Care Unit APHP, Hopital Ambroise Paré Boulogne France.,12 Versailles Saint Quentin University Versailles France
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- 3 Inserm Centre de recherche en Epidéemiologie et Santée des Populations U1018 Hôpital Paul Brousse Villejuif France
| | - François Vrtovsnik
- 2 Paris Diderot University Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France.,13 Nephrology Department APHP, Hôpital Bichat Paris France
| | - Martin Flamant
- 1 Physiology Department Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Bichat and Inserm U1149 Paris France.,2 Paris Diderot University Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
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13
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Kim S, Jo CH, Kim GH. Effects of empagliflozin on nondiabetic salt-sensitive hypertension in uninephrectomized rats. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1905-1915. [PMID: 31537914 PMCID: PMC8075936 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impaired pressure natriuresis (PN) underlies salt-sensitive hypertension, and renal inflammation and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) have been implicated in the modulation of systemic hypertension. Although sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were reported to lower blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, whether they have a role in nondiabetic hypertensive kidney diseases is unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether nondiabetic salt-sensitive hypertension and accompanying renal inflammation are ameliorated by SGLT2 inhibition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham controls (SCs), uninephrectomized controls (UCs), and empagliflozin-treated rats (ETs). All rats were fed a rodent diet with 8% NaCl throughout the study period. Empagliflozin was orally administered for 3 weeks after uninephrectomy. Systolic blood pressure was recorded weekly, and kidneys were harvested for immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR analysis at the end of the animal experiment. Systolic BP was significantly decreased in ETs that were orally given empagliflozin for 3 weeks after uninephrectomy. Although ETs did not show any increase in weekly measured urine sodium, the right-shifted PN relationship in UCs was improved by empagliflozin treatment. The expression of HIF-1α was increased in the renal outer medulla of ETs. Consistent with this, HIF prolyl-hydroxylase-2 protein and mRNA were decreased in ETs. The abundance of CD3 and ED-1 immunostaining in UCs was reduced by empagliflozin treatment. The increased IL-1ß, gp91phox, and NOX4 mRNA levels in UCs were also reversed. Empagliflozin restored impaired PN in nondiabetic hypertensive kidney disease in association with increased renal medullary expression of HIF-1α and amelioration of renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sua Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chor Ho Jo
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Faucon AL, Flamant M, Metzger M, Boffa JJ, Haymann JP, Houillier P, Thervet E, Vrtovsnik F, Stengel B, Geri G, Vidal-Petiot E. Extracellular fluid volume is associated with incident end-stage kidney disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2019; 96:1020-1029. [PMID: 31477263 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Volume overload has been shown to be an independent risk factor for mortality in patients receiving chronic dialysis, but data in non-dialysis patients are scarce. Therefore we evaluated the prognostic value of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and mortality in a prospective hospital-based cohort with CKD stage 1-4 (NephroTest Study). ECF (scaled to body surface area) and the measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) were determined using the distribution volume and clearance of 51Cr-EDTA, respectively. Cause-specific Cox and linear mixed-effect regression models were used to analyze the association of ECF with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality, and with mGFR decline, respectively. The 1593 patients were mean age 58.8 years, 67% were men, mean mGFR of 43.6 mL/min/1.73m2 and mean ECF 15.1 L/1.73m2. After a median follow-up of 5.3 years, ESKD occurred in 324 patients and 185 patients died before ESKD. In multivariable analysis, ECF was significantly associated with the risk of ESKD (hazard ratio per 1L/1.73m2 increase: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [1.07; 1.21]) and with a faster GFR decline (adjusted mean difference in mGFR slope per 1L/1.73m2 increase -0.14 [-0.23; -0.05] mL/min/year). The relationship of ECF with mortality was non-linear and not significant (per 1L/1.73m2 increase 0.92, [0.73; 1.16]), below 15L/1.73m2, but significant (1.28; [1.14-1.45]) above 15L/1.73m2. Thus, in this large cohort of carefully phenotyped patients with CKD, ECF was an independent risk factor of CKD progression and mortality. Hence, close monitoring and treatment of fluid overload are important for the clinical management of patients with non-dialysis CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Faucon
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Martin Flamant
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; INSERM U1149, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - Marie Metzger
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houillier
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Eric Thervet
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - François Vrtovsnik
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Geri
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, INSERM U1018, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Versailles Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; INSERM U1149, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France.
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15
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House AA, Wanner C, Sarnak MJ, Piña IL, McIntyre CW, Komenda P, Kasiske BL, Deswal A, deFilippi CR, Cleland JGF, Anker SD, Herzog CA, Cheung M, Wheeler DC, Winkelmayer WC, McCullough PA. Heart failure in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1304-1317. [PMID: 31053387 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing, and as such a better understanding of the interface between both conditions is imperative for developing optimal strategies for their detection, prevention, diagnosis, and management. To this end, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) convened an international, multidisciplinary Controversies Conference titled Heart Failure in CKD. Breakout group discussions included (i) HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and nondialysis CKD, (ii) HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and nondialysis CKD, (iii) HFpEF and dialysis-dependent CKD, (iv) HFrEF and dialysis-dependent CKD, and (v) HF in kidney transplant patients. The questions that formed the basis of discussions are available on the KDIGO website http://kdigo.org/conferences/heart-failure-in-ckd/, and the deliberations from the conference are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A House
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ileana L Piña
- Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Christopher W McIntyre
- Division of Nephrology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Komenda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Medicine, Seven Oaks General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Seven Oaks General Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Anita Deswal
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles A Herzog
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Chronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter A McCullough
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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16
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Jayeola OC, Oyagbemi AA, Okunlola OI, Olubamiwa O, Omobowale TO, Ajibade TO, Bolaji-Alabi FB, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Yakubu MA, Oluwadun A, Oguntibeju OO. Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Vet World 2019; 13:695-705. [PMID: 32546914 PMCID: PMC7245715 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM High salt diet and uninephrectomy are associated with high blood pressure with attendant cardiovascular disease conditions such as hypertension, renal damage, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of consumption of cocoa and cocoa-containing products in the management of high blood pressure in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of cocoa powder on blood pressure, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology were investigated in uninephrectomized animals fed with cocoa feed alone or in combination with a high salt diet. Male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group A was the control group and fed with normal feed alone, Group B was fed with cocoa feed alone, Group C was fed with high salt diet (8% salt), GroupD was fed with cocoa-feed compounded with 8% salt for 4weeks after uninephrectomy, and GroupE was uninephrectomized rats on a normal diet. The left kidneys of animals in GroupsC, D, and E were removed by surgery. After 4weeks of treatment, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured. The serum markers of renal damage and oxidative stress were determined. Histological examination was also performed on renal and cardiac tissues. RESULTS Results showed significant increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal damage with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant status in hypertensive uninephrectomized rats. Cocoa feed, however, significantly improved blood pressure and nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant status and reduced markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION These findings show that cocoa powder could be used to maintain blood pressure levels in hypertensive rats through its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (COPHS), Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Afolabi Oluwadun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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17
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Tong S, Yang S, Li T, Gao R, Hu J, Luo T, Qing H, Zhen Q, Hu R, Li X, Yang Y, Peng C, Li Q. Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in chronic kidney injury induced by bisphenol-A. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0608.R2. [PMID: 30798321 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a common environmental pollutant, and exposure to it is associated with proteinuria and may predict the progression of chronic kidney disease,however, the mechanism is not clear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a DNA skeleton coated with various proteases, and it is associated with various autoimmune nephritis. In this study, we examine whether NETs is involved in BPA-induced chronic kidney injury. In vivo, BPA exposure resulted in impaired renal function and altered renal morphology, including glomerular mesangial matrix expansion and increased renal interstitial fibroblast markers. Meanwhile, more dsDNA can be detected in the serum, and the NETs-associated proteins, MPO and citH3 were deposited in the renal system. In vitro, BPA and NETs treatment caused podocyte injury, a loss of marker proteins, and disorder in the actin skeleton. After NETs inhibition via DNase administration, BPA-induced injuries were significantly relieved. In conclusion, the increase of NETosis in circulation and the renal system during BPA exposure suggests that NETs may be involved in BPA-induced chronic kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Tong
- S Tong, Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- S Yang, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Li
- T Li, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, ChengDu, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- R Gao, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- J Hu, Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China., Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ting Luo
- T Luo, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Qing
- H Qing, Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - Qianna Zhen
- Q Zhen, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renzhi Hu
- R Hu, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- X Li, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Y Yang, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Peng
- C Peng, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Q Li, Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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