1
|
Bakkaloğlu SA, Büyükkaragöz B, Pınarbaşı AS, Leventoğlu E, Saygılı S, Çomak E, Yıldırım ZY, Akıncı N, Dursun İ, Karabay Bayazıt A, Kavaz Tufan A, Akman S, Yılmaz A, Noyan A, Ağbaş A, Serdaroğlu E, Delibaş A, Elmacı AM, Taşdemir M, Ezgü FS, Sever L. Comprehensive evaluation of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1: A nationwide study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024; 29:201-213. [PMID: 38290500 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is characterized by increased endogenous oxalate production and deposition as calcium oxalate crystals. The main manifestations are nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis, causing impaired kidney function. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and overall outcomes of paediatric PH1 patients in Turkey. METHODS This is a nationwide, multicentre, retrospective study evaluating all available paediatric PH1 patients from 15 different paediatric nephrology centres in Turkey. Detailed patient data was collected which included demographic, clinical and laboratory features. Patients were classified according to their age and characteristics at presentation: patients presenting in the first year of life with nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis (infantile oxalosis, Group 1), cases with recurrent nephrolithiasis diagnosed during childhood (childhood-onset PH1, Group 2), and asymptomatic children diagnosed with family screening (Group 3). RESULTS Forty-eight patients had a mutation consistent with PH1. The most common mutation was c.971_972delTG (25%). Infantile oxalosis patients had more advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney failure necessitating dialysis (76.9% vs. 45.5%). These patients had much worse clinical course and mortality rates seemed to be higher (23.1% vs. 13.6%). Patients with fatal outcomes were the ones with significant comorbidities, especially with cardiovascular involvement. Patients in Group 3 were followed with better outcomes, with no kidney failure or mortality. CONCLUSION PH1 is not an isolated kidney disease but a systemic disease. Family screening helps to preserve kidney function and prevent systemic complications. Despite all efforts made with traditional treatment methods including transplantation, our results show devastating outcomes or mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ayşe Seda Pınarbaşı
- Diyarbakır Children's Hospital, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Emre Leventoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seha Saygılı
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çomak
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Y Yıldırım
- İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurver Akıncı
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Şişli Etfal Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Dursun
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Aslı Kavaz Tufan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sema Akman
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Alev Yılmaz
- İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytül Noyan
- Adana Hospital, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Başkent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Ağbaş
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkin Serdaroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Delibaş
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Midhat Elmacı
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Konya Maternal and Children Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Taşdemir
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih S Ezgü
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Genetic Disorders, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lale Sever
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen T, Qian B, Zou J, Luo P, Zou J, Li W, Chen Q, Zheng L. Oxalate as a potent promoter of kidney stone formation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1159616. [PMID: 37342493 PMCID: PMC10278359 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1159616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stones are among the most prevalent urological diseases, with a high incidence and recurrence rate. Treating kidney stones has been greatly improved by the development of various minimally invasive techniques. Currently, stone treatment is relatively mature. However, most current treatment methods are limited to stones and cannot effectively reduce their incidence and recurrence. Therefore, preventing disease occurrence, development, and recurrence after treatment, has become an urgent issue. The etiology and pathogenesis of stone formation are key factors in resolving this issue. More than 80% of kidney stones are calcium oxalate stones. Several studies have studied the formation mechanism of stones from the metabolism of urinary calcium, but there are few studies on oxalate, which plays an equally important role in stone formation. Oxalate and calcium play equally important roles in calcium oxalate stones, whereas the metabolism and excretion disorders of oxalate play a crucial role in their occurrence. Therefore, starting from the relationship between renal calculi and oxalate metabolism, this work reviews the occurrence of renal calculi, oxalate absorption, metabolism, and excretion mechanisms, focusing on the key role of SLC26A6 in oxalate excretion and the regulatory mechanism of SLC26A6 in oxalate transport. This review provides some new clues for the mechanism of kidney stones from the perspective of oxalate to improve the understanding of the role of oxalate in the formation of kidney stones and to provide suggestions for reducing the incidence and recurrence rate of kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiyue Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Zou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liying Zheng
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganna Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Huang S, Liu S, Liao X, Yan S, Liu Q. SLC26 family: a new insight for kidney stone disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1118342. [PMID: 37304821 PMCID: PMC10247987 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1118342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The solute-linked carrier 26 (SLC26) protein family is comprised of multifunctional transporters of substrates that include oxalate, sulphate, and chloride. Disorders of oxalate homeostasis cause hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria, leading to urinary calcium oxalate precipitation and urolithogenesis. SLC26 proteins are aberrantly expressed during kidney stone formation, and consequently may present therapeutic targets. SLC26 protein inhibitors are in preclinical development. In this review, we integrate the findings of recent reports with clinical data to highlight the role of SLC26 proteins in oxalate metabolism during urolithogenesis, and discuss limitations of current studies and potential directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Sigen Huang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shengyin Liu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinzhi Liao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Quanliang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fargue S, Acquaviva Bourdain C. Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: pathophysiology and genetics. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:i4-i8. [PMID: 35592619 PMCID: PMC9113437 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare genetic form of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. It is caused by a deficiency in the liver-specific enzyme, alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme involved in the metabolism of glyoxylate. The excessive endogenous synthesis of oxalate that ensues leads to hyperoxaluria, and the crystallization of the poorly soluble calcium salt of oxalate is responsible for a severe kidney stone disease, which can progress to end-stage renal disease, systemic deposition of oxalate and death. Knowledge about metabolic precursors of glyoxylate and oxalate, molecular pathology of AGT and analytical methods for diagnosis and clinical assessment have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying PH1 and opened the door to new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fargue
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Urology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cécile Acquaviva Bourdain
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Unité Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cornière N, Thomson RB, Thauvin S, Villoutreix BO, Karp S, Dynia DW, Burlein S, Brinkmann L, Badreddine A, Dechaume A, Derhourhi M, Durand E, Vaillant E, Froguel P, Chambrey R, Aronson PS, Bonnefond A, Eladari D. Dominant negative mutation in oxalate transporter SLC26A6 associated with enteric hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis. J Med Genet 2022; 59:1035-1043. [PMID: 35115415 PMCID: PMC9346097 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Nephrolithiasis (NL) is a complex multifactorial disease affecting up to 10%–20% of the human population and causing a significant burden on public health systems worldwide. It results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Hyperoxaluria is a major risk factor for NL. Methods We used a whole exome-based approach in a patient with calcium oxalate NL. The effects of the mutation were characterised using cell culture and in silico analyses. Results We identified a rare heterozygous missense mutation (c.1519C>T/p.R507W) in the SLC26A6 gene that encodes a secretory oxalate transporter. This mutation cosegregated with hyperoxaluria in the family. In vitro characterisation of mutant SLC26A6 demonstrated that Cl−-dependent oxalate transport was dramatically reduced because the mutation affects both SLC26A6 transport activity and membrane surface expression. Cotransfection studies demonstrated strong dominant-negative effects of the mutant on the wild-type protein indicating that the phenotype of patients heterozygous for this mutation may be more severe than predicted by haploinsufficiency alone. Conclusion Our study is in line with previous observations made in the mouse showing that SLC26A6 inactivation can cause inherited enteric hyperoxaluria with calcium oxalate NL. Consistent with an enteric form of hyperoxaluria, we observed a beneficial effect of increasing calcium in the patient’s diet to reduce urinary oxalate excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cornière
- Department of Precision Médicine for Metabolic and Renal Diseases, CHU Amiens Picardie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - R Brent Thomson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Sophie Karp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diane W Dynia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah Burlein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lennart Brinkmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alaa Badreddine
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - Aurélie Dechaume
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - Emmanuel Vaillant
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - Régine Chambrey
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France.,Plateau de Recherche ODHIR, AURAR, Saint-Gilles-les-Bains, Réunion
| | - Peter S Aronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| | - Dominique Eladari
- Department of Precision Médicine for Metabolic and Renal Diseases, CHU Amiens Picardie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France .,UMR1283, INSERM; CNRS; University of Lille, Lille, Hauts de France, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Whittamore JM, Hatch M. Oxalate Flux Across the Intestine: Contributions from Membrane Transporters. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2835-2875. [PMID: 34964122 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial oxalate transport is fundamental to the role occupied by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in oxalate homeostasis. The absorption of dietary oxalate, together with its secretion into the intestine, and degradation by the gut microbiota, can all influence the excretion of this nonfunctional terminal metabolite in the urine. Knowledge of the transport mechanisms is relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria, a risk factor in kidney stone formation, for which the intestine also offers a potential means of treatment. The following discussion presents an expansive review of intestinal oxalate transport. We begin with an overview of the fate of oxalate, focusing on the sources, rates, and locations of absorption and secretion along the GI tract. We then consider the mechanisms and pathways of transport across the epithelial barrier, discussing the transcellular, and paracellular components. There is an emphasis on the membrane-bound anion transporters, in particular, those belonging to the large multifunctional Slc26 gene family, many of which are expressed throughout the GI tract, and we summarize what is currently known about their participation in oxalate transport. In the final section, we examine the physiological stimuli proposed to be involved in regulating some of these pathways, encompassing intestinal adaptations in response to chronic kidney disease, metabolic acid-base disorders, obesity, and following gastric bypass surgery. There is also an update on research into the probiotic, Oxalobacter formigenes, and the basis of its unique interaction with the gut epithelium. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-41, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Whittamore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marguerite Hatch
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reynolds CJ, Turin DR, Romero MF. Transporters and tubule crystals in the insect Malpighian tubule. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:82-89. [PMID: 34044181 PMCID: PMC8487917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The insect renal (Malpighian) tubules are functionally homologous to the mammalian kidney. Accumulating evidence indicates that renal tubule crystals form in a manner similar to mammalian kidney stones. In Drosophila melanogaster, crystals can be induced by diet, toxic substances, or genetic mutations that reflect circumstances influencing or eliciting kidney stones in mammals. Incredibly, many mammalian proteins have distinct homologs in Drosophila, and the function of most homologs have been demonstrated to recapitulate their mammalian and human counterparts. Here, we discuss the present literature establishing Drosophila as a nephrolithiasis model. This insect model may be used to investigate and understand the etiology of kidney stone diseases, especially with regard to calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and xanthine or urate crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Reynolds
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel R Turin
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; University of Minnesota-Rochester, 111 South Broadway, Suite 300, Rochester, MN 55904, USA
| | - Michael F Romero
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang X, Yao S, An J, Jin H, Wang H, Tuo B. SLC26A6 and NADC‑1: Future direction of nephrolithiasis and calculus‑related hypertension research (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:745. [PMID: 34458928 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is the most common type of urinary system disease in developed countries, with high morbidity and recurrence rates. Nephrolithiasis is a serious health problem, which eventually leads to the loss of renal function and is closely related to hypertension. Modern medicine has adopted minimally invasive surgery for the management of kidney stones, but this does not resolve the root of the problem. Thus, nephrolithiasis remains a major public health issue, the causes of which remain largely unknown. Researchers have attempted to determine the causes and therapeutic targets of kidney stones and calculus‑related hypertension. Solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6), a member of the well‑conserved solute carrier family 26, is highly expressed in the kidney and intestines, and it primarily mediates the transport of various anions, including OXa2‑, HCO3‑, Cl‑ and SO42‑, amongst others. Na+‑dependent dicarboxylate‑1 (NADC‑1) is the Na+‑carboxylate co‑transporter of the SLC13 gene family, which primarily mediates the co‑transport of Na+ and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as citrate and succinate, amongst others. Studies have shown that Ca2+ oxalate kidney stones are the most prevalent type of kidney stones. Hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia notably increase the risk of forming Ca2+ oxalate kidney stones, and the increase in succinate in the juxtaglomerular device can stimulate renin secretion and lead to hypertension. Whilst it is known that it is important to maintain the dynamic equilibrium of oxalate and citrate in the kidney, the synergistic molecular mechanisms underlying the transport of oxalate and citrate across kidney epithelial cells have undergone limited investigations. The present review examines the results from early reports studying oxalate transport and citrate transport in the kidney, describing the synergistic molecular mechanisms of SLC26A6 and NADC‑1 in the process of nephrolithiasis formation. A growing body of research has shown that nephrolithiasis is intricately associated with hypertension. Additionally, the recent investigations into the mediation of succinate via regulation of the synergistic molecular mechanism between the SLC26A6 and NADC‑1 transporters is summarized, revealing their functional role and their close association with the inositol triphosphate receptor‑binding protein to regulate blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cil O, Haggie PM, Tan JAT, Rivera AA, Verkman AS. SLC26A6-selective inhibitor identified in a small-molecule screen blocks fluid absorption in small intestine. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e147699. [PMID: 34100381 PMCID: PMC8262356 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26A6 (also known as putative anion transporter 1 [PAT1]) is a Cl–/HCO3– exchanger expressed at the luminal membrane of enterocytes where it facilitates intestinal Cl– and fluid absorption. Here, high-throughput screening of 50,000 synthetic small molecules in cells expressing PAT1 and a halide-sensing fluorescent protein identified several classes of inhibitors. The most potent compound, the pyrazolo-pyrido-pyrimidinone PAT1inh-B01, fully inhibited PAT1-mediated anion exchange (IC50 ~350 nM), without inhibition of the related intestinal transporter SLC26A3 (also known as DRA). In closed midjejunal loops in mice, PAT1inh-B01 inhibited fluid absorption by 50%, which increased to >90% when coadministered with DRA inhibitor DRAinh-A270. In ileal loops, PAT1inh-B01 blocked fluid absorption by >80%, whereas DRAinh-A270 was without effect. In colonic loops, PAT1inh-B01 was without effect, whereas DRAinh-A270 completely blocked fluid absorption. In a loperamide constipation model, coadministration of PAT1inh-B01 with DRAinh-A270 increased stool output compared with DRAinh-A270 alone. These results provide functional evidence for complementary and region-specific roles of PAT1 and DRA in intestinal fluid absorption, with PAT1 as the predominant anion exchanger in mouse ileum. We believe that PAT1inh-B01 is a novel tool to study intestinal ion and fluid transport and perhaps a drug candidate for small intestinal hyposecretory disorders such as cystic fibrosis–related meconium ileus and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter M Haggie
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph-Anthony Tapia Tan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amber A Rivera
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tarlinton RE, Fabijan J, Hemmatzadeh F, Meers J, Owen H, Sarker N, Seddon JM, Simmons G, Speight N, Trott DJ, Woolford L, Emes RD. Transcriptomic and genomic variants between koala populations reveals underlying genetic components to disorders in a bottlenecked population. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHistorical hunting pressures on koalas in the southern part of their range in Australia have led to a marked genetic bottleneck when compared with their northern counterparts. There are a range of suspected genetic disorders such as testicular abnormalities, oxalate nephrosis and microcephaly reported at higher prevalence in these genetically restricted southern animals. This paper reports analysis of differential expression of genes from RNAseq of lymph nodes, SNPs present in genes and the fixation index (population differentiation due to genetic structure) of these SNPs from two populations, one in south east Queensland, representative of the northern genotype and one in the Mount Lofty Ranges South Australia, representative of the southern genotype. SNPs that differ between these two populations were significantly enriched in genes associated with brain diseases. Genes which were differentially expressed between the two populations included many associated with brain development or disease, and in addition a number associated with testicular development, including the androgen receptor. Finally, one of the 8 genes both differentially expressed and with a statistical difference in SNP frequency between populations was SLC26A6 (solute carrier family 26 member 6), an anion transporter that was upregulated in SA koalas and is associated with oxalate transport and calcium oxalate uroliths in humans. Together the differences in SNPs and gene expression described in this paper suggest an underlying genetic basis for several disorders commonly seen in southern Australian koalas, supporting the need for further research into the genetic basis of these conditions, and highlighting that genetic selection in managed populations may need to be considered in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao ST, Ma L, Zhang YD, Wang JQ, Loor JJ, Bu DP. Hepatic transcriptome perturbations in dairy cows fed different forage resources. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:35. [PMID: 33413124 PMCID: PMC7792104 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Forage plays critical roles in milk performance of dairy. However, domestic high-quality forage such as alfalfa hay is far from being sufficient in China. Thus, more than 1 million tons of alfalfa hay were imported in China annually in recent years. At the same time, more than 10 million tons of corn stover are generated annually in China. Thus, taking full advantage of corn stover to meet the demand of forage and reduce dependence on imported alfalfa hay has been a strategic policy for the Chinese dairy industry. Changes in liver metabolism under different forage resources are not well known. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different forage resources on liver metabolism using RNAseq and bioinformatics analyses. Results The results of this study showed that the cows fed a diet with corn stover (CS) as the main forage had lower milk yield, DMI, milk protein content and yield, milk fat yield, and lactose yield than cows fed a mixed forage (MF) diet (P < 0.01). KEGG analysis for differently expressed genes (DEG) in liver (81 up-regulated and 423 down-DEG, Padj ≤0.05) showed that pathways associated with glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and amino acid metabolism was inhibited by the CS diet. In addition, results from DAVID and ClueGO indicated that biological processes related to cell-cell adhesion, multicellular organism growth, and amino acid and protein metabolism also were downregulated by feeding CS. Co-expression network analysis indicated that FAM210A, SLC26A6, FBXW5, EIF6, ZSCAN10, FPGS, and ARMCX2 played critical roles in the network. Bioinformatics analysis showed that genes within the co-expression network were enriched to “pyruvate metabolic process”, “complement activation, classical pathway”, and “retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi”. Conclusions Results of the present study indicated that feeding a low-quality forage diet inhibits important biological functions of the liver at least in part due to a reduction in DMI. In addition, the results of the present study provide an insight into the metabolic response in the liver to different-quality forage resources. As such, the data can help develop favorable strategies to improve the utilization of corn stover in China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07332-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y D Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - D P Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shimshilashvili L, Aharon S, Moe OW, Ohana E. Novel Human Polymorphisms Define a Key Role for the SLC26A6-STAS Domain in Protection From Ca 2+-Oxalate Lithogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 32317970 PMCID: PMC7154107 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired homeostasis of the carboxylic acids oxalate and citrate, dramatically increases the risk for the formation of Ca2+-oxalate kidney stones, which is the most common form of kidney stones in humans. Renal homeostasis of oxalate and citrate is controlled by complex mechanisms including epithelial transport proteins such as the oxalate transporter, SLC26A6, and the citrate transporters, the SLC13’s. These transporters interact via the SLC26A6-STAS domain in vitro, however, the role of the Sulfate Transporter and Anti-Sigma factor antagonist (STAS) domain in Ca2+-oxalate stone formation was not investigated in humans. Here, we report two novel human SLC26A6 polymorphisms identified in the STAS domain of SLC26A6 in two heterozygous carriers. Intriguingly, these individuals have low urinary citrate, but different clinical manifestations. Our in vitro experiments indicate that the homolog mutations of SLC26A6(D23H/D673N) and SLC26A6(D673N) alone abolished the expression and function of SLC26A6, and impaired the regulation of SLC13-mediated citrate transport by SLC26A6. On the other hand, the SLC26A6(R621G) variant showed reduced SLC26A6 protein expression and membrane trafficking, retained full transport activity, but impaired the regulation of the citrate transporter. Accordingly, the human SLC26A6(D23H/D673N) carrier showed a dramatic reduction in urinary citrate concentrations which resulted in Ca2+-oxalate stones formation, as opposed to the carrier of SLC26A6(R621G). Our findings indicate that the human SLC26A6-STAS domain mutations differentially impair SLC26A6 expression, function, and regulation of citrate transporters. This interferes with citrate and oxalate homeostasis thus potentially predisposes to Ca2+-oxalate kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Shimshilashvili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sara Aharon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Touré A. Importance of SLC26 Transmembrane Anion Exchangers in Sperm Post-testicular Maturation and Fertilization Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:230. [PMID: 31681763 PMCID: PMC6813192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sperm cells produced within the testis are structurally differentiated but remain immotile and are unable to fertilize the oocyte unless they undergo a series of maturation events during their transit in the male and female genital tracts. This post-testicular functional maturation is known to rely on the micro-environment of both male and female genital tracts, and is tightly controlled by the pH of their luminal milieus. In particular, within the epididymis, the establishment of a low bicarbonate (HCO3–) concentration contributes to luminal acidification, which is necessary for sperm maturation and subsequent storage in a quiescent state. Following ejaculation, sperm is exposed to the basic pH of the female genital tract and bicarbonate (HCO3–), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl–) influxes induce biochemical and electrophysiological changes to the sperm cells (cytoplasmic alkalinization, increased cAMP concentration, and protein phosphorylation cascades), which are indispensable for the acquisition of fertilization potential, a process called capacitation. Solute carrier 26 (SLC26) members are conserved membranous proteins that mediate the transport of various anions across the plasma membrane of epithelial cells and constitute important regulators of pH and HCO3– concentration. Most SLC26 members were shown to physically interact and cooperate with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel (CFTR) in various epithelia, mainly by stimulating its Cl– channel activity. Among SLC26 members, the function of SLC26A3, A6, and A8 were particularly investigated in the male genital tract and the sperm cells. In this review, we will focus on SLC26s contributions to ionic- and pH-dependent processes during sperm post-testicular maturation. We will specify the current knowledge regarding their functions, based on data from the literature generated by means of in vitro and in vivo studies in knock-out mouse models together with genetic studies of infertile patients. We will also discuss the limits of those studies, the current research gaps and identify some key points for potential developments in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Touré
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anbazhagan AN, Priyamvada S, Borthakur A, Saksena S, Gill RK, Alrefai WA, Dudeja PK. miR-125a-5p: a novel regulator of SLC26A6 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C200-C208. [PMID: 31042422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00068.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1, SLC26A6), an intestinal epithelial Cl-/ HCO3- exchanger, also plays a key role in oxalate homeostasis via mediating intestinal oxalate secretion. Indeed, Slc26a6-null mice showed defect in intestinal oxalate secretion and high incidence of kidney stones. Recent emergence of PAT-1 as a novel therapeutic target for nephrolithiasis warrants detailed understanding of the mechanisms of PAT-1 regulation in health and disease. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of PAT-1 expression by microRNAs (miRNA), as they have been shown to play key role in modulating expression of other ion transporters. In silico analysis of PAT-1 3'-untranslated region (UTR) revealed potential binding sites for several miRNAs, suggesting the role of miRNAs in modulating PAT1 expression. miRNAs showing highest context scores (125a-5p, 339-5p, 423-5p, 485-5p, and 501-3p) were selected as candidates for their effects on the activity of a 263-bp PAT-1 3'-untranslated region (UTR) fragment cloned into pmirGLO vector upstream of luciferase. The 3'-UTR activity was measured by dual luciferase reporter assay in Caco-2, T-84, HT-29, and SK-CO15 cells. Transient transfection of PAT-1 3'-UTR significantly decreased the relative luciferase activity compared with the empty vector suggesting binding of potential miRNA(s) to the PAT-1 3'-UTR. Among all the selected candidates, cotransfection with miRNA mimics 125a-5p and 423-5p further decreased PAT-1 3'-UTR activity. Furthermore, increasing miR-125a-5p abundance via mimic transfection in Caco-2 cells decreased both mRNA and protein levels of PAT-1. Our results demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism of intestinal PAT-1 expression via miR-125a-5p that could be of therapeutic importance in disorders associated with decreased PAT-1 expression and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arivarasu N Anbazhagan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shubha Priyamvada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alip Borthakur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ravinder K Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Waddah A Alrefai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han Q, Yang C, Lu J, Zhang Y, Li J. Metabolism of Oxalate in Humans: A Potential Role Kynurenine Aminotransferase/Glutamine Transaminase/Cysteine Conjugate Beta-lyase Plays in Hyperoxaluria. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4944-4963. [PMID: 30907303 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190325095223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria, excessive urinary oxalate excretion, is a significant health problem worldwide. Disrupted oxalate metabolism has been implicated in hyperoxaluria and accordingly, an enzymatic disturbance in oxalate biosynthesis can result in the primary hyperoxaluria. Alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase-1 and glyoxylate reductase, the enzymes involving glyoxylate (precursor for oxalate) metabolism, have been related to primary hyperoxalurias. Some studies suggest that other enzymes such as glycolate oxidase and alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase-2 might be associated with primary hyperoxaluria as well, but evidence of a definitive link is not strong between the clinical cases and gene mutations. There are still some idiopathic hyperoxalurias, which require a further study for the etiologies. Some aminotransferases, particularly kynurenine aminotransferases, can convert glyoxylate to glycine. Based on biochemical and structural characteristics, expression level, subcellular localization of some aminotransferases, a number of them appear able to catalyze the transamination of glyoxylate to glycine more efficiently than alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase-1. The aim of this minireview is to explore other undermining causes of primary hyperoxaluria and stimulate research toward achieving a comprehensive understanding of underlying mechanisms leading to the disease. Herein, we reviewed all aminotransferases in the liver for their functions in glyoxylate metabolism. Particularly, kynurenine aminotransferase-I and III were carefully discussed regarding their biochemical and structural characteristics, cellular localization, and enzyme inhibition. Kynurenine aminotransferase-III is, so far, the most efficient putative mitochondrial enzyme to transaminate glyoxylate to glycine in mammalian livers, might be an interesting enzyme to look over in hyperoxaluria etiology of primary hyperoxaluria and should be carefully investigated for its involvement in oxalate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228. China
| | - Cihan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208. China
| | - Yinai Zhang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208. China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061. United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mukaibo T, Munemasa T, George AT, Tran DT, Gao X, Herche JL, Masaki C, Shull GE, Soleimani M, Melvin JE. The apical anion exchanger Slc26a6 promotes oxalate secretion by murine submandibular gland acinar cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6259-6268. [PMID: 29530983 PMCID: PMC5925796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) gene family encodes at least 10 different anion exchangers. SLC26 member 6 (SLC26A6 or CFEX/PAT-1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) co-localize to the apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells, where they act in concert to drive HCO3- and fluid secretion. In contrast, in the small intestine, SLC26A6 serves as the major pathway for oxalate secretion. However, little is known about the function of Slc26a6 in murine salivary glands. Here, RNA sequencing-based transcriptional profiling and Western blots revealed that Slc26a6 is highly expressed in mouse submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Slc26a6 localized to the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells with no detectable immunostaining in the ducts. CHO-K1 cells transfected with mouse Slc26a6 exchanged Cl- for oxalate and HCO3-, whereas two other anion exchangers known to be expressed in salivary gland acinar cells, Slc4a4 and Slc4a9, mediated little, if any, Cl-/oxalate exchange. Of note, both Cl-/oxalate exchange and Cl-/HCO3- exchange were significantly reduced in acinar cells isolated from the submandibular glands of Slc26a6-/- mice. Oxalate secretion in submandibular saliva also decreased significantly in Slc26a6-/- mice, but HCO3- secretion was unaffected. Taken together, our findings indicate that Slc26a6 is located at the apical membrane of salivary gland acinar cells, where it mediates Cl-/oxalate exchange and plays a critical role in the secretion of oxalate into saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Mukaibo
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Alvin T George
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
| | - Duy T Tran
- Biological Chemistry Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Xin Gao
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
- the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, and
| | - Jesse L Herche
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- the Department of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Gary E Shull
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | | | - James E Melvin
- From the Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section and
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rapp C, Bai X, Reithmeier RAF. Molecular analysis of human solute carrier SLC26 anion transporter disease-causing mutations using 3-dimensional homology modeling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2420-2434. [PMID: 28941661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The availability of the first crystal structure of a bacterial member (SLC26Dg) of the solute carrier SLC26 family of anion transporters has allowed us to create 3-dimensional models of all 10 human members (SLC26A1-A11, A10 being a pseudogene) of these membrane proteins using the Phyre2 bioinformatic tool. The homology modeling predicted that the SLC26 human proteins, like the SLC26Dg template, all consist of 14 transmembrane segments (TM) arranged in a 7+7 inverted topology with the amino-termini of two half-helices (TM3 and 10) facing each other in the centre of the protein to create the anion-binding site, linked to a C-terminal cytosolic sulfate transporter anti-sigma factor antagonist (STAS) domain. A plethora of human diseases are associated with mutations in the genes encoding human SLC26 transporters, including chondrodysplasias with varying severity in SLC26A2 (~50 mutations, 27 point mutations), congenital chloride-losing diarrhea in SLC26A3 (~70 mutations, 31 point mutations) and Pendred Syndrome or deafness autosomal recessive type 4 in SLC26A4 (~500 mutations, 203 point mutations). We have localized all of these point mutations in the 3-dimensional structures of the respective SLC26A2, A3 and A4 proteins and systematically analyzed their effect on protein structure. While most disease-causing mutations may cause folding defects resulting in impaired trafficking of these membrane glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface - as demonstrated in a number of functional expression studies - the modeling also revealed that a number of pathogenic mutations are localized to the anion-binding site, which may directly affect transport function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hall JA, Yerramilli M, Obare E, Li J, Yerramilli M, Jewell DE. Serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine in cats with kidney stones. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174854. [PMID: 28384169 PMCID: PMC5383095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) correlate with renal function in cats and SDMA has been shown to be a more reliable and earlier marker for chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with serum creatinine (Cr). Calcium oxalate uroliths tend to develop in mid-to-older aged cats and kidney stones may cause a reduction in renal function with increased SDMA, but normal serum Cr. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine if cats with kidney stones had increased serum SDMA concentrations, and whether SDMA increased earlier than serum creatinine concentrations. Cats in the colony with kidney stones diagnosed between August 2010 and December 2015 (n = 43) were compared with healthy geriatric cats (n = 21) without kidney stones. Serum SDMA concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and serum Cr concentrations were determined by enzymatic colorimetry. Cats with kidney stones were diagnosed antemortem by radiographic imaging (n = 12) or by postmortem necropsy (n = 31). Retrospectively, serum SDMA was found to be increased above the upper reference limit in 39 of 43 cats with kidney stones. Serum Cr was increased above the upper reference limit in 18 of 43 cats; 6 of these 18 cats had terminal azotemia only. The mean time that serum SDMA was increased before serum Cr was increased was 26.9 months (range 0 to 60 months). Kidney stones were composed of calcium oxalate in 30 of 34 cats. The lifespan for cats with kidney stones (mean, 12.5 years; range, 6.1 to 18.1 years) was shorter (P < 0.001) than for control cats (mean, 15.2 years; range, 13.0 to 17.2 years), suggesting that non-obstructive kidney stones have an effect on mortality rate or rate of CKD progression. In conclusion, if SDMA concentrations are elevated in mid-to-older aged cats, further imaging studies are warranted to check for the presence of kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Maha Yerramilli
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine, United States of America
| | - Edward Obare
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jun Li
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine, United States of America
| | - Murthy Yerramilli
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One IDEXX Drive, Westbrook, Maine, United States of America
| | - Dennis E Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sayer JA. Progress in Understanding the Genetics of Calcium-Containing Nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:748-759. [PMID: 27932479 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal stone disease is a frequent condition, causing a huge burden on health care systems globally. Calcium-based calculi account for around 75% of renal stone disease and the incidence of these calculi is increasing, suggesting environmental and dietary factors are acting upon a preexisting genetic background. The familial nature and significant heritability of stone disease is known, and recent genetic studies have successfully identified genes that may be involved in renal stone formation. The detection of monogenic causes of renal stone disease has been made more feasible by the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies and has also facilitated the discovery of novel monogenic causes of stone disease. However, the majority of calcium stone formers remain of undetermined genotype. Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies implicate a series of genes involved in renal tubular handling of lithogenic substrates, such as calcium, oxalate, and phosphate, and of inhibitors of crystallization, such as citrate and magnesium. Additionally, expression profiling of renal tissues from stone formers provides a novel way to explore disease pathways. New animal models to explore these recently-identified mechanisms and therapeutic interventions are being tested, which hopefully will provide translational insights to stop the growing incidence of nephrolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The role of intestinal oxalate transport in hyperoxaluria and the formation of kidney stones in animals and man. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:89-108. [PMID: 27913853 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The intestine exerts a considerable influence over urinary oxalate in two ways, through the absorption of dietary oxalate and by serving as an adaptive extra-renal pathway for elimination of this waste metabolite. Knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for oxalate absorption and secretion by the intestine therefore have significant implications for understanding the etiology of hyperoxaluria, as well as offering potential targets for future treatment strategies for calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. In this review, we present the recent developments and advances in this area over the past 10 years, and put to the test some of the new ideas that have emerged during this time, using human and mouse models. A key focus for our discussion are the membrane-bound anion exchangers, belonging to the SLC26 gene family, some of which have been shown to participate in transcellular oxalate absorption and secretion. This has offered the opportunity to not only examine the roles of these specific transporters, revealing their importance to oxalate homeostasis, but to also probe the relative contributions made by the active transcellular and passive paracellular components of oxalate transport across the intestine. We also discuss some of the various physiological stimuli and signaling pathways which have been suggested to participate in the adaptation and regulation of intestinal oxalate transport. Finally, we offer an update on research into Oxalobacter formigenes, alongside recent investigations of other oxalate-degrading gut bacteria, in both laboratory animals and humans.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tzou DT, Taguchi K, Chi T, Stoller ML. Animal models of urinary stone disease. Int J Surg 2016; 36:596-606. [PMID: 27840313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of stone disease remains unknown despite the major technological advances in the treatment of urinary calculi. Clinically, urologists have relied on 24-h urine collections for the last 30-40 years to help direct medical therapy in hopes of reducing stone recurrence; yet little progress has been made in preventing stone disease. As such, there is an urgent need to develop reliable animal models to study the pathogenesis of stone formation and to assess novel interventions. A variety of vertebrate and invertebrate models have been used to help understand stone pathogenesis. Genetic knockout and exogenous induction models are described. Surrogates for an endpoint of stone formation have been urinary crystals on histologic examination and/or urinalyses. Other models are able to actually develop true stones. It is through these animal models that real breakthroughs in the management of urinary stone disease will become a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Tzou
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, Suite Box 0738, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, Suite Box 0738, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan.
| | - Thomas Chi
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, Suite Box 0738, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Marshall L Stoller
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, Suite Box 0738, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ermer T, Eckardt KU, Aronson PS, Knauf F. Oxalate, inflammasome, and progression of kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 25:363-71. [PMID: 27191349 PMCID: PMC4891250 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxalate is an end product of metabolism excreted via the kidney. Excess urinary oxalate, whether from primary or enteric hyperoxaluria, can lead to oxalate deposition in the kidney. Oxalate crystals are associated with renal inflammation, fibrosis, and progressive renal failure. It has long been known that as the glomerular filtration rate becomes reduced in chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is striking elevation of plasma oxalate. Taken together, these findings raise the possibility that elevation of plasma oxalate in CKD may promote renal inflammation and more rapid progression of CKD independent of primary cause. RECENT FINDINGS The inflammasome has recently been identified to play a critical role in oxalate-induced renal inflammation. Oxalate crystals have been shown to activate the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (also known as NALP3, NLRP3, or cryopyrin), resulting in release of IL-1β and macrophage infiltration. Deletion of inflammasome proteins in mice protects from oxalate-induced renal inflammation and progressive renal failure. SUMMARY The findings reviewed in this article expand our understanding of the relevance of elevated plasma oxalate levels leading to inflammasome activation. We propose that inhibiting oxalate-induced inflammasome activation, or lowering plasma oxalate, may prevent or mitigate progressive renal damage in CKD, and warrants clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ermer
- Department of Nephrology und Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology und Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter S. Aronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology und Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu X, Sun D, Xu B, Pan J, Wei Y, Mao X, Yu D, Liu H, Gao B. In Silico Screening and Molecular Dynamic Study of Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Kidney Stones in the SLC26A6 Gene. J Urol 2016; 196:118-23. [PMID: 26812303 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SLC26A6 is a multifunctional anion transporter with a critical physiological role in the transport of oxalate anions. Recognizing a genetic variant of SLC26A6 would advance our understanding of oxalate transport in the formation of calcium oxalate stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS All nsSNPs (nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms) reported in human SLC26A6 were investigated using 4 in silico tools, including SIFT (Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant), PROVEAN (Protein Variation Effect Analyzer), PhD-SNP (Predictor of human Deleterious Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) and MutPred. A total of 426 subjects, including 225 with kidney stones and 201 healthy controls, were included in study to genotype the candidate disease associated nsSNP using allele specific polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the structural consequences due to the mutation were assessed using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation methods. RESULTS The nsSNP rs184187143 was identified as a more probable disease associated variant in the SLC26A6 gene by in silico screening. The C allele carrier showed a 6.1-fold increased kidney stone risk compared with G allele carriers in the nsSNP (OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.36-27.38, p = 0.007). We found that the mutation from arginine to glycine leads to the loss of 2 hydrogen bonds and to an unstable structure in the STAS domain of SLC26A6. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the variant G539R in the SLC26A6 gene is associated with kidney stone risk, providing a clear clue to further achieve insight into oxalate transport in kidney stone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Deliang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichuan Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Mao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojun Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health of Liaoning Education Ministry, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; China-Japan Kidney Stone Research Center, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Landry GM, Hirata T, Anderson JB, Cabrero P, Gallo CJR, Dow JAT, Romero MF. Sulfate and thiosulfate inhibit oxalate transport via a dPrestin (Slc26a6)-dependent mechanism in an insect model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F152-9. [PMID: 26538444 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00406.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is one of the most common urinary tract disorders, with the majority of kidney stones composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx). Given its prevalence (US occurrence 10%), it is still poorly understood, lacking progress in identifying new therapies because of its complex etiology. Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) is a recently developed model of CaOx nephrolithiasis. Effects of sulfate and thiosulfate on crystal formation were investigated using the Drosophila model, as well as electrophysiological effects on both Drosophila (Slc26a5/6; dPrestin) and mouse (mSlc26a6) oxalate transporters utilizing the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. Results indicate that both transport thiosulfate with a much higher affinity than sulfate Additionally, both compounds were effective at decreasing CaOx crystallization when added to the diet. However, these results were not observed when compounds were applied to Malpighian tubules ex vivo. Neither compound affected CaOx crystallization in dPrestin knockdown animals, indicating a role for principal cell-specific dPrestin in luminal oxalate transport. Furthermore, thiosulfate has a higher affinity for dPrestin and mSlc26a6 compared with oxalate These data indicate that thiosulfate's ability to act as a competitive inhibitor of oxalate via dPrestin, can explain the decrease in CaOx crystallization seen in the presence of thiosulfate, but not sulfate. Overall, our findings predict that thiosulfate or oxalate-mimics may be effective as therapeutic competitive inhibitors of CaOx crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Landry
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; O'Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Taku Hirata
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; O'Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Jacob B Anderson
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pablo Cabrero
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J R Gallo
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Julian A T Dow
- O'Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; and Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Romero
- Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; O'Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balázs A, Ruffert C, Hegyi E, Hritz I, Czakó L, Takács T, Szepes Z, Németh BC, Gervain J, Izbéki F, Halász A, Kelemen D, Szmola R, Novák J, Crai S, Illés A, Vincze Á, Molnár Z, Varga M, Bod B, Farkas G, Sümegi J, Szepes A, Dubravcsik Z, Lásztity N, Párniczky A, Hamvas J, Andorka C, Veres G, Szentkereszty Z, Rakonczay Z, Maléth J, Sahin-Tóth M, Rosendahl J, Hegyi P. Genetic analysis of the bicarbonate secreting anion exchanger SLC26A6 in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2015; 15:508-513. [PMID: 26372434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal HCO3(-) secretion is critically dependent on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel (CFTR) and the solute-linked carrier 26 member 6 anion transporter (SLC26A6). Deterioration of HCO3(-) secretion is observed in chronic pancreatitis (CP), and CFTR mutations increase CP risk. Therefore, SLC26A6 is a reasonable candidate for a CP susceptibility gene, which has not been investigated in CP patients so far. METHODS As a first screening cohort, 106 subjects with CP and 99 control subjects with no pancreatic disease were recruited from the Hungarian National Pancreas Registry. In 60 non-alcoholic CP cases the entire SLC26A6 coding region was sequenced. In the Hungarian cohort variants c.616G > A (p.V206M) and c.1191C > A (p.P397=) were further genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In a German replication cohort all exons were sequenced in 40 non-alcoholic CP cases and variant c.616G > A (p.V206M) was further analyzed by sequencing in 321 CP cases and 171 controls. RESULTS Sequencing of the entire coding region revealed four common variants: intronic variants c.23 + 78_110del, c.183-4C > A, c.1134 + 32C > A, and missense variant c.616G > A (p.V206M) which were found in linkage disequilibrium indicating a conserved haplotype. The distribution of the haplotype did not show a significant difference between patients and controls in the two cohorts. A synonymous variant c.1191C > A (p.P397=) and two intronic variants c.1248 + 9_20del and c.-10C > T were detected in single cases. CONCLUSION Our data show that SLC26A6 variants do not alter the risk for the development of CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balázs
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eszter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University Medical School, University Children's Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - István Hritz
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Czakó
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Takács
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szepes
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Csaba Németh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Judit Gervain
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of County Fejér, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Izbéki
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of County Fejér, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Halász
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of County Fejér, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | | | - Richárd Szmola
- Department of Interventional Gastroenterology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Novák
- Pándy Kálmán County Hopsital, Gyula, Hungary
| | - Stefan Crai
- Pándy Kálmán County Hopsital, Gyula, Hungary
| | - Anita Illés
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Áron Vincze
- First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Department of Anestesiology and Intensive Care, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gyula Farkas
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Sümegi
- B-A-Z County Hopspital and University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Attila Szepes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bács-Kiskun County Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Dubravcsik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bács-Kiskun County Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Csilla Andorka
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szentkereszty
- Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Clinical Center, Debrecen Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Glew RH, Sun Y, Horowitz BL, Konstantinov KN, Barry M, Fair JR, Massie L, Tzamaloukas AH. Nephropathy in dietary hyperoxaluria: A potentially preventable acute or chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2014; 3:122-142. [PMID: 25374807 PMCID: PMC4220346 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria can cause not only nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, but also renal parenchymal disease histologically characterized by deposition of calcium oxalate crystals throughout the renal parenchyma, profound tubular damage and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Hyperoxaluric nephropathy presents clinically as acute or chronic renal failure that may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This sequence of events, well recognized in the past in primary and enteric hyperoxalurias, has also been documented in a few cases of dietary hyperoxaluria. Estimates of oxalate intake in patients with chronic dietary hyperoxaluria who developed chronic kidney disease or ESRD were comparable to the reported average oxalate content of the diets of certain populations worldwide, thus raising the question whether dietary hyperoxaluria is a primary cause of ESRD in these regions. Studies addressing this question have the potential of improving population health and should be undertaken, alongside ongoing studies which are yielding fresh insights into the mechanisms of intestinal absorption and renal excretion of oxalate, and into the mechanisms of development of oxalate-induced renal parenchymal disease. Novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating all types of hyperoxaluria are expected to develop from these studies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Alper SL, Sharma AK. The SLC26 gene family of anion transporters and channels. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:494-515. [PMID: 23506885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetically ancient SLC26 gene family encodes multifunctional anion exchangers and anion channels transporting a broad range of substrates, including Cl(-), HCO3(-), sulfate, oxalate, I(-), and formate. SLC26 polypeptides are characterized by N-terminal cytoplasmic domains, 10-14 hydrophobic transmembrane spans, and C-terminal cytoplasmic STAS domains, and appear to be homo-oligomeric. SLC26-related SulP proteins of marine bacteria likely transport HCO3(-) as part of oceanic carbon fixation. SulP genes present in antibiotic operons may provide sulfate for antibiotic biosynthetic pathways. SLC26-related Sultr proteins transport sulfate in unicellular eukaryotes and in plants. Mutations in three human SLC26 genes are associated with congenital or early onset Mendelian diseases: chondrodysplasias for SLC26A2, chloride diarrhea for SLC26A3, and deafness with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct for SLC26A4. Additional disease phenotypes evident only in mouse knockout models include oxalate urolithiasis for Slc26a6 and Slc26a1, non-syndromic deafness for Slc26a5, gastric hypochlorhydria for Slc26a7 and Slc26a9, distal renal tubular acidosis for Slc26a7, and male infertility for Slc26a8. STAS domains are required for cell surface expression of SLC26 proteins, and contribute to regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator in complex, cell- and tissue-specific ways. The protein interactomes of SLC26 polypeptides are under active investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth L Alper
- Renal Division and Division of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target for oxalate induced injury in kidneys. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:462361. [PMID: 23840917 PMCID: PMC3690252 DOI: 10.1155/2013/462361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A major role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes is to catalyze the production of superoxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS, in turn, play a key role as messengers in cell signal transduction and cell cycling, but when they are produced in excess they can lead to oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress in the kidneys is now considered a major cause of renal injury and inflammation, giving rise to a variety of pathological disorders. In this review, we discuss the putative role of oxalate in producing oxidative stress via the production of reactive oxygen species by isoforms of NADPH oxidases expressed in different cellular locations of the kidneys. Most renal cells produce ROS, and recent data indicate a direct correlation between upregulated gene expressions of NADPH oxidase, ROS, and inflammation. Renal tissue expression of multiple NADPH oxidase isoforms most likely will impact the future use of different antioxidants and NADPH oxidase inhibitors to minimize OS and renal tissue injury in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney stone disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hirata T, Cabrero P, Berkholz DS, Bondeson DP, Ritman EL, Thompson JR, Dow JAT, Romero MF. In vivo Drosophilia genetic model for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1555-62. [PMID: 22993075 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00074.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a major public health problem with a complex and varied etiology. Most stones are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx), with dietary excess a risk factor. Because of complexity of mammalian system, the details of stone formation remain to be understood. Here we have developed a nephrolithiasis model using the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster, which has a simple, transparent kidney tubule. Drosophilia reliably develops CaOx stones upon dietary oxalate supplementation, and the nucleation and growth of microliths can be viewed in real time. The Slc26 anion transporter dPrestin (Slc26a5/6) is strongly expressed in Drosophilia kidney, and biophysical analysis shows that it is a potent oxalate transporter. When dPrestin is knocked down by RNAi in fly kidney, formation of microliths is reduced, identifying dPrestin as a key player in oxalate excretion. CaOx stone formation is an ancient conserved process across >400 My of divergent evolution (fly and human), and from this study we can conclude that the fly is a good genetic model of nephrolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hirata
- Dept. Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Konstantynowicz J, Porowski T, Zoch-Zwierz W, Wasilewska J, Kadziela-Olech H, Kulak W, Owens SC, Piotrowska-Jastrzebska J, Kaczmarski M. A potential pathogenic role of oxalate in autism. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012; 16:485-91. [PMID: 21911305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are a strongly genetic condition certain metabolic disturbances may contribute to clinical features. Metabolism of oxalate in children with ASD has not yet been studied. AIM The objective was to determine oxalate levels in plasma and urine in autistic children in relation to other urinary parameters. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, plasma oxalate (using enzymatic method with oxalate oxidase) and spontaneous urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization (based on the Bonn-Risk-Index, BRI) were determined in 36 children and adolescents with ASD (26 boys, 10 girls) aged 2-18 years and compared with 60 healthy non-autistic children matched by age, gender and anthropometric traits. RESULTS Children with ASD demonstrated 3-fold greater plasma oxalate levels [5.60 (5th-95th percentile: 3.47-7.51)] compared with reference [(1.84 (5th-95th percentile: 0.50-4.70) μmol/L (p < 0.05)] and 2.5-fold greater urinary oxalate concentrations (p < 0.05). No differences between the two groups were found in urinary pH, citraturia, calciuria or adjusted CaOx crystallization rates based on BRI. Despite significant hyperoxaluria no evidence of kidney stone disease or lithogenic risk was observed in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS Hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria may be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD in children. Whether this is a result of impaired renal excretion or an extensive intestinal absorption, or both, or whether Ox may cross the blood brain barrier and disturb CNS function in the autistic children remains unclear. This appears to be the first report of plasma and urinary oxalate in childhood autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Konstantynowicz
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sakhaee K, Maalouf NM, Sinnott B. Clinical review. Kidney stones 2012: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:1847-60. [PMID: 22466339 PMCID: PMC3387413 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The pathogenetic mechanisms of kidney stone formation are complex and involve both metabolic and environmental risk factors. Over the past decade, major advances have been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney stone disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION AND SYNTHESIS Both original and review articles were found via PubMed search reporting on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of kidney stones. These resources were integrated with the authors' knowledge of the field. CONCLUSION Nephrolithiasis remains a major economic and health burden worldwide. Nephrolithiasis is considered a systemic disorder associated with chronic kidney disease, bone loss and fractures, increased risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome. Further understanding of the pathophysiological link between nephrolithiasis and these systemic disorders is necessary for the development of new therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Sakhaee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hirata T, Czapar A, Brin LR, Haritonova A, Bondeson DP, Linser PJ, Cabrero P, Dow JAT, Romero MF. Ion and solute transport by Prestin in Drosophila and Anopheles. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:563-569. [PMID: 22321763 PMCID: PMC3482613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The gut and Malpighian tubules of insects are the primary sites of active solute and water transport for controlling hemolymph and urine composition, pH, and osmolarity. These processes depend on ATPase (pumps), channels and solute carriers (Slc proteins). Maturation of genomic databases enables us to identify the putative molecular players for these processes. Anion transporters of the Slc4 family, AE1 and NDAE1, have been reported as HCO(3)(-) transporters, but are only part of the story. Here we report Dipteran (Drosophila melanogaster (d) and Anopheles gambiae (Ag)) anion exchangers, belonging to the Slc26 family, which are multi-functional anion exchangers. One Drosophila and two Ag homologues of mammalian Slc26a5 (Prestin) and Slc26a6 (aka, PAT1, CFEX) were identified and designated dPrestin, AgPrestinA and AgPrestinB. dPrestin and AgPrestinB show electrogenic anion exchange (Cl(-)/nHCO(3)(-), Cl(-)/SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-)/oxalate(2-)) in an oocyte expression system. Since these transporters are the only Dipteran Slc26 proteins whose transport is similar to mammalian Slc26a6, we submit that Dipteran Prestin are functional and even molecular orthologues of mammalian Slc26a6. OSR1 kinase increases dPrestin ion transport, implying another set of physiological processes controlled by WNK/SPAK signaling in epithelia. All of these mRNAs are highly expressed in the gut and Malpighian tubules. Dipteran Prestin proteins appear suited for central roles in bicarbonate, sulfate and oxalate metabolism including generating the high pH conditions measured in the Dipteran midgut lumen. Finally, we present and discuss Drosophila genetic models that integrate these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hirata
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Mayo Clinic O’Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Anna Czapar
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Lauren R. Brin
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Alyona Haritonova
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Daniel P. Bondeson
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Mayo Clinic O’Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Paul J. Linser
- University of Florida Whitney Laboratory, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St. Augustine FL, 32086
| | - Pablo Cabrero
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Julian A. T. Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Michael F. Romero
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Mayo Clinic O’Brien Urology Research Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Williams EL, Bockenhauer D, van't Hoff WG, Johri N, Laing C, Sinha MD, Unwin R, Viljoen A, Rumsby G. The enzyme 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase is deficient in primary hyperoxaluria type 3. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:3191-5. [PMID: 22391140 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA1) gene have been recently identified in patients with atypical primary hyperoxaluria (PH). However, it was not clearly established whether these mutations caused disease via loss of function or activation of the gene product. METHODS Whole-gene sequencing of HOGA1 was conducted in 28 unrelated patients with a high clinical suspicion of PH and in whom Types 1 and 2 had been excluded. RESULTS Fifteen patients were homozygous or compound heterozygous for mutations in HOGA1. In total, seven different mutations were identified including three novel changes: a missense mutation, c.107C > T (p.Ala36Val), and two nonsense mutations c.117C > A (p.Tyr39X) and c.208C > T (p.Arg70X) as well as the previously documented c.860G > T (p.Gly297Val), c.907C > T (p.Arg303Cys) and in-frame c.944_946delAGG (p.Glu315del) mutations. The recurrent c.700 + 5G > T splice site mutation in intron 5 was most common with a frequency of 67%. Expression studies on hepatic messenger RNA demonstrated the pathogenicity of this mutation. CONCLUSIONS The detection of a patient with two novel nonsense mutations within exon 1 of the gene, c.117C > A (p.Tyr39X) and c.208C > T (p.Arg70X), provides definitive proof that PH Type 3 is due to deficiency of the 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Williams
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Monico CG, Rossetti S, Belostotsky R, Cogal AG, Herges RM, Seide BM, Olson JB, Bergstrahl EJ, Williams HJ, Haley WE, Frishberg Y, Milliner DS. Primary hyperoxaluria type III gene HOGA1 (formerly DHDPSL) as a possible risk factor for idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 6:2289-95. [PMID: 21896830 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02760311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Primary hyperoxaluria types I and II (PHI and PHII) are rare monogenic causes of hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Recently, we described type III, due to mutations in HOGA1 (formerly DHDPSL), hypothesized to cause a gain of mitochondrial 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase activity, resulting in excess oxalate. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS To further explore the pathophysiology of HOGA1, we screened additional non-PHI-PHII patients and performed reverse transcription PCR analysis. Postulating that HOGA1 may influence urine oxalate, we also screened 100 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. RESULTS Of 28 unrelated hyperoxaluric patients with marked hyperoxaluria not due to PHI, PHII, or any identifiable secondary cause, we identified 10 (36%) with two HOGA1 mutations (four novel, including a nonsense variant). Reverse transcription PCR of the stop codon and two common mutations showed stable expression. From the new and our previously described PHIII cohort, 25 patients were identified for study. Urine oxalate was lower and urine calcium and uric acid were higher when compared with PHI and PHII. After 7.2 years median follow-up, mean eGFR was 116 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). HOGA1 heterozygosity was found in two patients with mild hyperoxaluria and in three of 100 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. No HOGA1 variants were detected in 166 controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings, in the context of autosomal recessive inheritance for PHIII, support a loss-of-function mechanism for HOGA1, with potential for a dominant-negative effect. Detection of HOGA1 variants in idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis also suggests HOGA1 may be a predisposing factor for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla G Monico
- Mayo Clinic Hyperoxaluria Center, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Biomedical Statisticsand Informatics, MayoClinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
The Genetics of Kidney Stones. Urolithiasis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4387-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Heneghan JF, Alper SL. This, too, shall pass--like a kidney stone: a possible path to prophylaxis of nephrolithiasis? Focus on "Cholinergic signaling inhibits oxalate transport by human intestinal T84 cells". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C18-20. [PMID: 22049207 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00389.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria leads to urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) supersaturation, resulting in the formation and retention of CaOx crystals in renal tissue. CaOx crystals may contribute to the formation of diffuse renal calcifications (nephrocalcinosis) or stones (nephrolithiasis). When the innate renal defense mechanisms are suppressed, injury and progressive inflammation caused by these CaOx crystals, together with secondary complications such as tubular obstruction, may lead to decreased renal function and in severe cases to end-stage renal failure. For decades, research on nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis mainly focused on both the physicochemistry of crystal formation and the cell biology of crystal retention. Although both have been characterized quite well, the mechanisms involved in establishing urinary supersaturation in vivo are insufficiently understood, particularly with respect to oxalate. Therefore, current therapeutic strategies often fail in their compliance or effectiveness, and CaOx stone recurrence is still common. As the etiology of hyperoxaluria is diverse, a good understanding of how oxalate is absorbed and transported throughout the body, together with a better insight in the regulatory mechanisms, is crucial in the setting of future treatment strategies of this disorder. In this review, the currently known mechanisms of oxalate handling in relevant organs will be discussed in relation to the different etiologies of hyperoxaluria. Furthermore, future directions in the treatment of hyperoxaluria will be covered.
Collapse
|
38
|
Belostotsky R, Seboun E, Idelson GH, Milliner DS, Becker-Cohen R, Rinat C, Monico CG, Feinstein S, Ben-Shalom E, Magen D, Weissman I, Charon C, Frishberg Y. Mutations in DHDPSL are responsible for primary hyperoxaluria type III. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:392-9. [PMID: 20797690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is an autosomal-recessive disorder of endogenous oxalate synthesis characterized by accumulation of calcium oxalate primarily in the kidney. Deficiencies of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) or glyoxylate reductase (GRHPR) are the two known causes of the disease (PH I and II, respectively). To determine the etiology of an as yet uncharacterized type of PH, we selected a cohort of 15 non-PH I/PH II patients from eight unrelated families with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis for high-density SNP microarray analysis. We determined that mutations in an uncharacterized gene, DHDPSL, on chromosome 10 cause a third type of PH (PH III). To overcome the difficulties in data analysis attributed to a state of compound heterozygosity, we developed a strategy of "heterozygosity mapping"-a search for long heterozygous patterns unique to all patients in a given family and overlapping between families, followed by reconstruction of haplotypes. This approach enabled us to determine an allelic fragment shared by all patients of Ashkenazi Jewish descent and bearing a 3 bp deletion in DHDPSL. Overall, six mutations were detected: four missense mutations, one in-frame deletion, and one splice-site mutation. Our assumption is that DHDPSL is the gene encoding 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase, catalyzing the final step in the metabolic pathway of hydroxyproline.
Collapse
|
39
|
Sas DJ, Hulsey TC, Shatat IF, Orak JK. Increasing incidence of kidney stones in children evaluated in the emergency department. J Pediatr 2010; 157:132-7. [PMID: 20362300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that there is an increase in the incidence of childhood nephrolithiasis in the state of South Carolina. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed demographic data from a statewide database on incidence of kidney stones from emergency department data and financial charges. Data were compared with population data from the US Census to control for population growth. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the incidence of kidney stones in children between 1996 and 2007. The greatest rate of increase was seen in adolescents, pre-adolescents, and Caucasian children. Infants, toddlers, and African-American children did not show significantly increased incidence in the period. Girls show a growing predominance in our population. The amount of money charged for care of children with kidney stones has gone up >4-fold in our state. CONCLUSION The incidence of kidney stone disease has risen dramatically in the state of South Carolina since 1996. Further studies investigating potential contributing factors are needed to prevent this costly and painful condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Sas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital, Charleston, SC 29425-6080, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chang MH, Plata C, Sindic A, Ranatunga WK, Chen AP, Zandi-Nejad K, Chan KW, Thompson J, Mount DB, Romero MF. Slc26a9 is inhibited by the R-region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator via the STAS domain. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:28306-28318. [PMID: 19643730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26 proteins function as anion exchangers, channels, and sensors. Previous cellular studies have shown that Slc26a3 and Slc26a6 interact with the R-region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), (R)CFTR, via the Slc26-STAS (sulfate transporter anti-sigma) domain, resulting in mutual transport activation. We recently showed that Slc26a9 has both nCl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchanger and Cl(-) channel function. In this study, we show that the purified STAS domain of Slc26a9 (a9STAS) binds purified (R)CFTR. When Slc26a9 and (R)CFTR fragments are co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes, both Slc26a9-mediated nCl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange and Cl(-) currents are almost fully inhibited. Deletion of the Slc26a9 STAS domain (a9-DeltaSTAS) virtually eliminated the Cl(-) currents with only a modest affect on nCl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange activity. Co-expression of a9-DeltaSTAS and the (R)CFTR fragment did not alter the residual a9-DeltaSTAS function. Replacing the Slc26a9 STAS domain with the Slc26a6 STAS domain (a6-a9-a6) does not change Slc26a9 function and is no longer inhibited by (R)CFTR. These data indicate that the Slc26a9-STAS domain, like other Slc26-STAS domains, binds CFTR in the R-region. However, unlike previously reported data, this binding interaction inhibits Slc26a9 ion transport activity. These results imply that Slc26-STAS domains may all interact with (R)CFTR but that the physiological outcome is specific to differing Slc26 proteins, allowing for dynamic and acute fine tuning of ion transport for various epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hwang Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Consuelo Plata
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City 14000, Mexico
| | - Aleksandra Sindic
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Wasantha K Ranatunga
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - An-Ping Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Kambiz Zandi-Nejad
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kim W Chan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - James Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - David B Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Renal Division, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts 02132
| | - Michael F Romero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are rare disorders of glyoxylate metabolism in which specific hepatic enzyme deficiencies result in overproduction of oxalate. Due to the resulting severe hyperoxaluria, recurrent urolithiasis or progressive nephrocalcinosis are principal manifestations. End stage renal failure frequently occurs and is followed by systemic oxalate deposition along with its devastating effects. Due to the lack of familiarity with PHs and their heterogeneous clinical expressions, the diagnosis is often delayed until there is advanced disease. In recent years, improvements in medical management have been associated with better patient outcomes. Although there are several therapeutic options that can help prevent early kidney failure, the only curative treatment to date is combined liver-kidney transplantation in patients with type I PH. Promising areas of investigation are being identified. Knowledge of the spectrum of disease expression, early diagnosis, and initiation of treatment before renal failure are essential to realize a benefit for patients.
Collapse
|
42
|
Rumsby G. Oxalate transport as contributor to primary hyperoxaluria: the jury is still out. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 52:1031-4. [PMID: 19026355 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|