1
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Chen CC, Chang PY. Fecal miRNAs as potential biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer: An updated review. Biomed J 2024:100769. [PMID: 39025299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory, Administration Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yueh Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Administration Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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2
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Rac M. Synthesis and Regulation of miRNA, Its Role in Oncogenesis, and Its Association with Colorectal Cancer Progression, Diagnosis, and Prognosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1450. [PMID: 39001340 PMCID: PMC11241650 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of several types of regulators, including miRNAs, has recently attracted scientific attention for their role in cancer-associated changes in gene expression. MiRNAs are small RNAs of ~22 nt in length that do not encode protein information but play an important role in post-transcriptional mRNA regulation. Studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in tumour progression, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumour angiogenesis and invasion, and play a complex and important role in the regulation of tumourigenesis. The detection of selected miRNAs may help in the early detection of cancer cells, and monitoring changes in their expression profile may serve as a prognostic factor in the course of the disease or its treatment. MiRNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence for an epigenetic interaction between DNA methylation and miRNA expression in tumours. This article provides an overview of selected miRNAs, which are more frequently expressed in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting an oncogenic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rac
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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3
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McAuliffe T, Anderson JC, Larson RJ, Robertson DJ. Systematic scoping review: Use of the faecal immunochemical test residual buffer to enhance colorectal cancer screening. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:1033-1048. [PMID: 38534182 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an inexpensive and convenient modality to screen for colorectal cancer. However, its one-time sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer and cancer precursors is limited. There is growing interest in using the non-haemoglobin contents of FIT residual buffer to enhance colonic neoplasia detection. AIM To establish from the literature a framework to catalogue candidate biomarkers within FIT residual buffer for non-invasive colorectal cancer screening. METHODS The search strategy evaluated PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar for publications through 25 October 2023, with search terms including FIT, buffer, OC-sensor, biomarkers, microbiome, microRNA (miR), colon, rectum, screening, neoplasm, and early detection. Studies employing home-based collection samples using quantitative FIT first processed for haemoglobin were included. One author reviewed all articles; a second author completed a 20% full-text audit to ensure adherence to eligibility criteria. RESULTS A broad search yielded 1669 studies and application of eligibility criteria identified 18 relevant studies. Multiple protein, DNA/RNA, and microbiome biomarkers (notably haptoglobin, miR-16, miR-27a-3p, miR-92a, miR-148a-3p, miR-223, miR-421, let-7b-5p, and Tyzzerella 4) were associated with colorectal neoplasia. Furthermore, studies highlighted the short-term stability of biomarkers for clinical use and long-term stability for research purposes. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review summarises the framework and progress of research on stability of biomarkers in FIT residual buffer and their associations with colorectal neoplasia to guide opportunities for further confirmatory studies to enhance colorectal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph C Anderson
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
| | - Robin J Larson
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Douglas J Robertson
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
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4
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Oh CK, Cho YS. Pathogenesis and biomarkers of colorectal cancer by epigenetic alteration. Intest Res 2024; 22:131-151. [PMID: 38295766 PMCID: PMC11079515 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC tumorigenesis results from a cumulative set of genetic and epigenetic alterations, disrupting cancer-regulatory processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death, invasion, and metastasis. Key epigenetic modifications observed in cancers encompass abnormal DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications, and irregularities in noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. The advancement in genomic technologies has positioned these genetic and epigenetic shifts as potential clinical biomarkers for CRC patients. This review concisely covers the fundamental principles of CRC-associated epigenetic changes, and examines in detail their emerging role as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyo Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Gómez-Matas J, Duran-Sanchon S, Lozano JJ, Ferrero G, Tarallo S, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Castells A, Gironella M. SnoRNA profiling in colorectal cancer and assessment of non-invasive biomarker capacity by ddPCR in fecal samples. iScience 2024; 27:109283. [PMID: 38450150 PMCID: PMC10915595 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have been identified dysregulated in several pathologies, and these alterations can be detected in tissues and in circulation. The main aim of this study was to analyze the whole snoRNome in advanced colorectal neoplasms and to identify new potential non-invasive snoRNA-based biomarkers in fecal samples by different analytical approaches. SNORA51, SNORD15B, SNORA54, SNORD12B, SNORD12C, SNORD72, SNORD89, and several members of SNORD115 and SNORD116 clusters were consistently deregulated in both tissue sets. After technical validation, SNORA51 and SNORD15B were detected in FIT+ samples. SNORA51 was significantly upregulated in FIT+ samples from CRC patients compared to healthy controls. This upregulation, together with the fecal hemoglobin concentration, was sufficient to identify, among FIT+ individuals, patients with CRC (AUC = 0.86) and individuals with advanced adenomas (AUC = 0.68). These findings portray snoRNAs as an alternative source of candidates for further studies and SNORA51 appears as a potential non-invasive biomarker for CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gómez-Matas
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Saray Duran-Sanchon
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)/ Hospital Clínic Barcelona/ Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona – Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Coleman D, Kuwada S. miRNA as a Biomarker for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:338. [PMID: 38540397 PMCID: PMC10969835 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA segments that can be detected in a variety of clinical samples, including serum, stool, and urine. While miRNAs were initially known for their effect on post-translational gene expression, the last decade of research has shown them to be promising biomarkers for the detection of many types of cancer. This paper explores the use of miRNA detection as a tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We discuss the current state of miRNA detection, compare it to the existing CRC screening tools, and highlight the advantages and drawbacks of this approach from a clinical and logistical perspective. Our research finds that miRNA-based tests for CRC show great potential, but that widespread clinical adoption will be conditional on future research overcoming key hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Coleman
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Scott Kuwada
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 01 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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7
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Das R, Mehta DK, Gupta N. Understanding the Potential of mRNA as Biomarker to Revolutionize Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:102-112. [PMID: 38350633 DOI: 10.1055/a-2244-6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA as potential biomarker for early diagnosis, differentiating various stages, interpreting the success of postoperative curative surgery and predicting early relapse of Colorectal cancer.In the realm of medical research, the quest to find effective biomarkers for various diseases has always been a top priority. Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is no exception. The emergence of microRNA (mRNA) as a potential biomarker for CRC has sparked immense interest among scientists and clinicians alike. mRNA, a molecule responsible for translating genetic information into functional proteins, presents a promising avenue for early detection and personalized treatment of this deadly disease. By analyzing the specific patterns and levels of mRNA expression in CRC cells, researchers have the ability to identify signatures that can aid in accurate diagnosis, predict patient prognosis, and even guide targeted therapies. This breakthrough in molecular biology not only enhances our understanding of CRC but also holds the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer diagnostics and treatment. In this article, we will delve deeper into the potential of mRNA as a biomarker for CRC, exploring its benefits and challenges in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Das
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
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8
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Rezkitha YAA, Panenggak NSR, Lusida MI, Rianda RV, Mahmudah I, Pradana AD, Uchida T, Miftahussurur M. Detecting colorectal cancer using genetic and epigenetic biomarkers: screening and diagnosis. J Med Life 2024; 17:4-14. [PMID: 38737656 PMCID: PMC11080499 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer, with high incidence rates and mortality globally. The extended timeframe for developing CRC allows for the potential screening and early identification of the disease. Furthermore, studies have shown that survival rates for patients with cancer are increased when diagnoses are made at earlier stages. Recent research suggests that the development of CRC, including its precancerous lesion, is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by epigenetic variables. Studies suggest epigenetics plays a significant role in cancer development, particularly CRC. While this approach is still in its early stages and faces challenges due to the variability of CRC, it shows promise as a potential method for understanding and addressing the disease. This review examined the current evidence supporting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for screening and diagnosis. In addition, we also discussed the feasibility of translating these methodologies into clinical settings. Several markers show promising potential, including the methylation of vimentin (VIM), syndecan-2 (SDC2), and septin 9 (SEPT9). However, their application as screening and diagnostic tools, particularly for early-stage CRC, has not been fully optimized, and their effectiveness needs validation in large, multi-center patient populations. Extensive trials and further investigation are required to translate genetic and epigenetic biomarkers into practical clinical use. biomarkers, diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syahadati Retno Panenggak
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Raissa Virgy Rianda
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Isna Mahmudah
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Doni Pradana
- Department of Emergency Services, Kendal Islamic Hospital, Kendal, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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9
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Órdenes P, Carril Pardo C, Elizondo-Vega R, Oyarce K. Current Research on Molecular Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer in Stool Samples. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:15. [PMID: 38248446 PMCID: PMC10813333 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide, with a high incidence and mortality rate when diagnosed late. Currently, the methods used in healthcare to diagnose CRC are the fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. However, the lack of sensitivity and specificity and low population adherence are driving the need to implement other technologies that can identify biomarkers that not only help with early CRC detection but allow for the selection of more personalized treatment options. In this regard, the implementation of omics technologies, which can screen large pools of biological molecules, coupled with molecular validation, stands out as a promising tool for the discovery of new biomarkers from biopsied tissues or body fluids. This review delves into the current state of the art in the identification of novel CRC biomarkers that can distinguish cancerous tissue, specifically from fecal samples, as this could be the least invasive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Órdenes
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.Ó.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Claudio Carril Pardo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.Ó.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Karina Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.Ó.); (C.C.P.)
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10
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Islam MS, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Shiddiky MJA. Current advances in detecting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115611. [PMID: 37619478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of diagnosis and the second in terms of mortality. Recent studies have shown that various proteins, extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes), specific genetic variants, gene transcripts, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and altered epigenetic patterns, can be used to detect, and assess the prognosis of CRC. Over the last decade, a plethora of conventional methodologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], direct sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], microarray, in situ hybridization) as well as advanced analytical methodologies (e.g., microfluidics, electrochemical biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [SERS]) have been developed for analyzing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers using both optical and non-optical tools. Despite these methodologies, no gold standard detection method has yet been implemented that can analyze CRC with high specificity and sensitivity in an inexpensive, simple, and time-efficient manner. Moreover, until now, no study has critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of these methodologies. Here, an overview of the most used genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for CRC and their detection methods are discussed. Furthermore, a summary of the major biological, technical, and clinical challenges and advantages/limitations of existing techniques is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
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11
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Pardini B, Ferrero G, Tarallo S, Gallo G, Francavilla A, Licheri N, Trompetto M, Clerico G, Senore C, Peyre S, Vymetalkova V, Vodickova L, Liska V, Vycital O, Levy M, Macinga P, Hucl T, Budinska E, Vodicka P, Cordero F, Naccarati A. A Fecal MicroRNA Signature by Small RNA Sequencing Accurately Distinguishes Colorectal Cancers: Results From a Multicenter Study. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:582-599.e8. [PMID: 37263306 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fecal tests currently used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening show limited accuracy in detecting early tumors or precancerous lesions. In this respect, we comprehensively evaluated stool microRNA (miRNA) profiles as biomarkers for noninvasive CRC diagnosis. METHODS A total of 1273 small RNA sequencing experiments were performed in multiple biospecimens. In a cross-sectional study, miRNA profiles were investigated in fecal samples from an Italian and a Czech cohort (155 CRCs, 87 adenomas, 96 other intestinal diseases, 141 colonoscopy-negative controls). A predictive miRNA signature for cancer detection was defined by a machine learning strategy and tested in additional fecal samples from 141 CRC patients and 80 healthy volunteers. miRNA profiles were compared with those of 132 tumors/adenomas paired with adjacent mucosa, 210 plasma extracellular vesicle samples, and 185 fecal immunochemical test leftover samples. RESULTS Twenty-five miRNAs showed altered levels in the stool of CRC patients in both cohorts (adjusted P < .05). A 5-miRNA signature, including miR-149-3p, miR-607-5p, miR-1246, miR-4488, and miR-6777-5p, distinguished patients from control individuals (area under the curve [AUC], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-0.94) and was validated in an independent cohort (AUC, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-1.00). The signature classified control individuals from patients with low-/high-stage tumors and advanced adenomas (AUC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97). Tissue miRNA profiles mirrored those of stool samples, and fecal profiles of different gastrointestinal diseases highlighted miRNAs specifically dysregulated in CRC. miRNA profiles in fecal immunochemical test leftover samples showed good correlation with those of stool collected in preservative buffer, and their alterations could be detected in adenoma or CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive fecal miRNome analysis identified a signature accurately discriminating cancer aimed at improving noninvasive diagnosis and screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy.
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Clinica S. Rita, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Licheri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Trompetto
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Clinica S. Rita, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Clerico
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Clinica S. Rita, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Carlo Senore
- Epidemiology and Screening Unit-CPO, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Peyre
- LILT (Lega Italiana Lotta contro i Tumori), associazione provinciale di Biella, Biella, Italy
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Vycital
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Levy
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Macinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Hucl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Budinska
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy.
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12
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Brogaard L, Lyngby JG, Kristensen AT, Fredholm M, Bjørnvad CR, Salavati Schmitz S, Skancke E, Morris JS, Dupont N, Argyle D, Sánchez A, Spohr A, Graarup‐Hansen K, Nielsen LN, Cirera S. Association of serum and fecal microRNA profiles in cats with gastrointestinal cancer and chronic inflammatory enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1738-1749. [PMID: 37486176 PMCID: PMC10473000 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) from chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in cats can be challenging and often requires extensive diagnostic testing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have promise as non-invasive biomarkers in serum and feces for diagnosis of GIC. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Cats with GIC will have serum and fecal miRNA profiles that differ significantly from healthy cats and cats with CIE. Identify serum and fecal miRNAs with diagnostic potential for differentiation between cats with GIC and CIE as compared to healthy cats. ANIMALS Ten healthy cats, 9 cats with CIE, and 10 cats with GIC; all client-owned. METHODS Cats were recruited for an international multicenter observational prospective case-control study. Serum and feces were screened using small RNA sequencing for miRNAs that differed in abundance between cats with GIC and CIE, and healthy cats. Diagnostic biomarker potential of relevant miRNAs from small RNA sequencing and the literature was confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Serum miR-223-3p was found to distinguish between cats with GIC and CIE with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.760-1.0), sensitivity of 90% (95% CI, 59.6-99.5%), and specificity of 77.8% (95% CI, 45.3-96.1%). Serum miR-223-3p likewise showed promise in differentiating a subgroup of cats with small cell lymphoma (SCL) from those with CIE. No fecal miRNAs could distinguish between cats with GIC and CIE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum miR-223-3p potentially may serve as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker of GIC in cats, in addition to providing a much needed tool for the differentiation of CIE and SCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brogaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
- Present address:
Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Janne G. Lyngby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Charlotte R. Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Ellen Skancke
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesNorwegian University of the Life SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Joanna S. Morris
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Nana Dupont
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - David Argyle
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary SciencesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), and University of Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | - Lise N. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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13
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Santini D, Botticelli A, Galvano A, Iuliani M, Incorvaia L, Gristina V, Taffon C, Foderaro S, Paccagnella E, Simonetti S, Fazio F, Scagnoli S, Pomati G, Pantano F, Perrone G, De Falco E, Russo A, Spinelli GP. Network approach in liquidomics landscape. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:193. [PMID: 37542343 PMCID: PMC10401883 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with the risk of side effects. These limits and the ability of cancer to constantly evolve its genomic profile, have recently led to the need of a less invasive and more accurate alternative, such as liquid biopsy. By searching Circulating Tumor Cells and residues of their nucleic acids or other tumor products in body fluids, especially in blood, but also in urine, stools and saliva, liquid biopsy is becoming the future of clinical oncology. Despite the current lack of a standardization for its workflows, that makes it hard to be reproduced, liquid biopsy has already obtained promising results for cancer screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and risk of recurrence.Through a more accessible molecular profiling of tumors, it could become easier to identify biomarkers predictive of response to treatment, such as EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer, or Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair as predictive markers of pembrolizumab response.By monitoring circulating tumor DNA in longitudinal repeated sampling of blood we could also predict Minimal Residual Disease and the risk of recurrence in already radically resected patients.In this review we will discuss about the current knowledge of limitations and strengths of the different forms of liquid biopsies for its inclusion in normal cancer management, with a brief nod to their newest biomarkers and its future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santini
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Foderaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Elisa Paccagnella
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Federico Fazio
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy.
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Spinelli
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy
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14
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Santos DAR, Gaiteiro C, Santos M, Santos L, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Lima L. MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11023. [PMID: 37446201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection of this neoplasia has proven to improve prognosis, resulting in a 90% increase in survival. However, available CRC screening methods have limitations, requiring the development of new tools. MicroRNA biomarkers have emerged as a powerful screening tool, as they are highly expressed in CRC patients and easily detectable in several biological samples. While microRNAs are extensively studied in blood samples, recent interest has now arisen in other samples, such as stool samples, where they can be combined with existing screening methods. Among the microRNAs described in the literature, microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-92a-3p and their cluster have demonstrated high potential for early CRC screening. Furthermore, the combination of multiple microRNAs has shown improved performance in CRC detection compared to individual microRNAs. This review aims to assess the available data in the literature on microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early CRC screening, explore their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the optimal study characteristics for analyzing these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A R Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene Santos
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPO), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Kortlever T, de Klaver W, van der Vlugt M, Meijer G, Dekker E, Bossuyt P. Cross-sectional risk models using quantitative fecal hemoglobin in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:1221-1232. [PMID: 37930046 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2279607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) is a central tool in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. To improve the selection of individuals for colonoscopy, risk models combining FIT with additional CRC risk factors have been developed. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current noninvasive FIT-based risk models for CRC screening to facilitate future implementation. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search for risk models that combined quantitative fecal hemoglobin with clinical data or noninvasive biomarkers and that were intended for CRC screening. Risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST tool. RESULTS Twenty risk models reported across 29 publications were included. The overall risk of bias was high. In studies that compared risk models to FIT, 11/12 (92%) risk models had a significantly higher c-statistic than FIT only. 16/20 risk models (80%) had not been externally validated and only one model has been implemented so far. CONCLUSION FIT-based risk models have the potential to improve the yield of CRC screening. Unfortunately, all included publications had a high risk of bias and most risk models have not yet been externally validated. The prospect of improved CRC screening with risk models should encourage more rigorous evaluation in existing screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kortlever
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn de Klaver
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van der Vlugt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Meijer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Bossuyt
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Gautam SK, Khan P, Natarajan G, Atri P, Aithal A, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Nasser MW, Jain M. Mucins as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1640. [PMID: 36980526 PMCID: PMC10046558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection significantly correlates with improved survival in cancer patients. So far, a limited number of biomarkers have been validated to diagnose cancers at an early stage. Considering the leading cancer types that contribute to more than 50% of deaths in the USA, we discuss the ongoing endeavors toward early detection of lung, breast, ovarian, colon, prostate, liver, and pancreatic cancers to highlight the significance of mucin glycoproteins in cancer diagnosis. As mucin deregulation is one of the earliest events in most epithelial malignancies following oncogenic transformation, these high-molecular-weight glycoproteins are considered potential candidates for biomarker development. The diagnostic potential of mucins is mainly attributed to their deregulated expression, altered glycosylation, splicing, and ability to induce autoantibodies. Secretory and shed mucins are commonly detected in patients' sera, body fluids, and tumor biopsies. For instance, CA125, also called MUC16, is one of the biomarkers implemented for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and is currently being investigated for other malignancies. Similarly, MUC5AC, a secretory mucin, is a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, anti-mucin autoantibodies and mucin-packaged exosomes have opened new avenues of biomarker development for early cancer diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic potential of mucins in epithelial cancers and provide evidence and a rationale for developing a mucin-based biomarker panel for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Apar K. Ganti
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd W. Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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17
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Mirza S, Bhadresha K, Mughal MJ, McCabe M, Shahbazi R, Ruff P, Penny C. Liquid biopsy approaches and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer for precision medicine: Are we there yet? Front Oncol 2023; 12:1023565. [PMID: 36686736 PMCID: PMC9853908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with nearly half of patients detected in the advanced stages. This is due to the fact that symptoms associated with CRC often do not appear until the cancer has reached an advanced stage. This suggests that CRC is a cancer with a slow progression, making it curable and preventive if detected in its early stage. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to improve CRC early detection and personalize therapy for patients with this cancer. Recently, liquid biopsy as a non-invasive or nominally invasive approach has attracted considerable interest for its real-time disease monitoring capability through repeated sample analysis. Several studies in CRC have revealed the potential for liquid biopsy application in a real clinical setting using circulating RNA/miRNA, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, etc. However, Liquid biopsy still remains a challenge since there are currently no promising results with high specificity and specificity that might be employed as optimal circulatory biomarkers. Therefore, in this review, we conferred the plausible role of less explored liquid biopsy components like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), organoid model of CTCs, and circulating cancer-associated fibroblasts (cCAFs); which may allow researchers to develop improved strategies to unravel unfulfilled clinical requirements in CRC patients. Moreover, we have also discussed immunotherapy approaches to improve the prognosis of MSI (Microsatellite Instability) CRC patients using neoantigens and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a liquid biopsy approach in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Department of Internal Medicine, Common Epithelial Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kinjal Bhadresha
- Hematology/Oncology Division, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Muhammed Jameel Mughal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michelle McCabe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reza Shahbazi
- Hematology/Oncology Division, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paul Ruff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Department of Internal Medicine, Common Epithelial Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Department of Internal Medicine, Common Epithelial Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,*Correspondence: Clement Penny,
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18
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang X, Jiang Y, Li A, Cong J, Li Y, Xie Q, Xu C, Liu D. Identification of faecal extracellular vesicles as novel biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12300. [PMID: 36604402 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies that is usually detected late in the clinic. The currently available diagnostic tools for CRC are either invasive or insensitive to early lesions due to the dearth of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we discovered that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the faeces of CRC patients can act as a potent biomarker for the non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. This finding is based on the identification of two transmembrane proteins-CD147 and A33-on faeces-derived EVs (fEVs) that are intrinsically associated with CRC. The detection results show that the levels of CD147 and A33 on fEVs were upregulated in the CRC patients (n = 48), dramatically distinguishing them from the healthy donors (n = 16). The CD147/A33-enriched EVs offer a clinical sensitivity of 89%, much higher than that (40%) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a clinically-established serum biomarker for CRC diagnosis. In addition, the analysis of longitudinal faeces samples (n = 29) demonstrated that the CD147/A33-enriched fEVs can be utilized to track the prognosis of CRC. Due to the high compliance of faeces-based detection, the CD147/A33-enriched fEVs could serve as new-generation CRC biomarkers for large-scale, non-invasive CRC screening as well as real-time monitoring of patient outcomes during clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiying Cong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinjian Xie
- Gansu Corps Hospital of CAPF, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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19
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Lyngby JG, Gòdia M, Brogaard L, Kristensen AT, Fredholm M, Skancke E, Morris J, Dupont N, Salavati Schmitz S, Argyle D, Sánchez A, Bjørnvad CR, Cirera S, Nielsen LN. Association of fecal and serum microRNA profiles with gastrointestinal cancer and chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1989-2001. [PMID: 36120988 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable biomarkers to differentiate gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) from chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) in dogs are needed. Fecal and serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic markers of GI disease in humans and dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Dogs with GIC have fecal and serum miRNA profiles that differ from those of dogs with CIE. AIMS (a) identify miRNAs that differentiate GIC from CIE, (b) use high-throughput reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) to establish fecal and serum miRNA panels to distinguish GIC from CIE in dogs. ANIMALS Twenty-four dogs with GIC, 10 dogs with CIE, and 10 healthy dogs, all client-owned. METHODS An international multicenter observational prospective case-control study. Small RNA sequencing was used to identify fecal and serum miRNAs, and RT-qPCR was used to establish fecal and serum miRNA panels with the potential to distinguish GIC from CIE. RESULTS The best diagnostic performance for distinguishing GIC from CIE was fecal miR-451 (AUC: 0.955, sensitivity: 86.4%, specificity: 100%), miR-223 (AUC: 0.918, sensitivity: 90.9%, specificity: 80%), and miR-27a (AUC: 0.868, sensitivity: 81.8%, specificity: 90%) and serum miR-20b (AUC: 0.905, sensitivity: 90.5%, specificity: 90%), miR-148a-3p (AUC: 0.924, sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 90%), and miR-652 (AUC: 0.943, sensitivity: 90.5%, specificity: 90%). Slightly improved diagnostic performance was achieved when combining fecal miR-451 and miR-223 (AUC: 0.973, sensitivity: 95.5%, specificity: 90%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE When used as part of a diagnostic RT-qPCR panel, the abovementioned miRNAs have the potential to function as noninvasive biomarkers for the differentiation of GIC and CIE in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne G Lyngby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Gòdia
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), and University of Barcelona (UB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Brogaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Skancke
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of the Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna Morris
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nana Dupont
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David Argyle
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), and University of Barcelona (UB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Charlotte R Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise N Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Zheng B, Pan B, Xu S, Xu Z, Lu G, Wang F, Fang B, Xu C. Detection of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated microRNAs by two color DNA-templated silver nanoclusters fluorescent probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 276:121185. [PMID: 35395459 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Researches demonstrated that circulating miRNAs could be used as novel diagnostic and prognostic potential markers for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is of great significance in clinical to develop rapid and specific detection methods for miRNAs. Herein, we established a fluorescent probe for ulcerative colitis (UC) activity-associated two serum biomarkers (miR-23a and miR-223) simultaneous detection, which used multi-color fluorescent DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNC) illuminated by a close guanine (G)-rich sequence as a signal transducer and two split DNA probes as recognition units. In principle, the two DNA probe sequences containing AgNC nucleation sequence and G-rich sequence respectively, formed a ternary complex when in the presence of target miRNA through base pairing, so as to induce enhancement of fluorescence emission of AgNC by shortening the distance from G-rich sequence. The combined probes for miR-23a and miR-223 detection generated increased fluorescence signals at 460 nm ex/545 nm em and at 560 nm ex/630 nm em, respectively. With this technique, we successfully quantified the two target miRNAs with high selectivity. Furthermore, the potential clinic applicability of this method was verified by testing the spiked standard miRNAs in human serum. Thus, this one-step, low-cost, and homogenous method offers a great opportunity for disease-associated multiplex miRNAs simultaneous detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Binhui Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guangrong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - FangYan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Biyun Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - ChangLong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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21
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MicroRNAs as Innovative Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Prediction of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147991. [PMID: 35887337 PMCID: PMC9318064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). These are autoimmune diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a chronic relapsing and remitting course. Due to complex interactions between multiple factors in the etiology of IBD, the discovery of new predictors of disease course and response to therapy, and the development of effective therapies is a significant challenge. The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of conserved endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules with a length of 18–25 nucleotides, that regulate gene expression by an RNA interference process, is implicated in the complex pathogenetic context of IBD. Both tissue-derived, circulating, and fecal microRNAs have been explored as promising biomarkers in the diagnosis and the prognosis of disease severity of IBD. In this review, we summarize the expressed miRNA profile in blood, mucosal tissue, and stool and highlight the role of miRNAs as biomarkers with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Moreover, we discuss the new perspectives in developing a new screening model for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on fecal miRNAs.
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22
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Song D, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zhan L, Sun X. MiR-130b-3p promotes colorectal cancer progression by targeting CHD9. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:585-601. [PMID: 35100082 PMCID: PMC8942501 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2029240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Previous research revealed that microRNA 130b-3p (miR-130b-3p) significantly upregulated in CRC patients can be detected in feces from patients with such a neoplasm. In this study, the biological role and molecular mechanism of miR-130b-3p in CRC were explored. The miR-130b-3p level in CRC tissues, feces and cell lines was measured using RT-qPCR analysis. CCK-8, EdU, TUNEL, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the biological function of miR-130b-3p in CRC progression. For this purpose, 16 BALB/c nude mice were assigned to two groups. The experiment lasted for four months. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to investigate the regulatory mechanism related to miR-130b-3p. In our research, miR-130b-3p was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells and it was detected in feces from CRC patients. Moreover, miR-130b-3p inhibition suppressed CRC cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro as well as repressed CRC tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-130b-3p directly targeted the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 9 (CHD9) and negatively regulated CHD9 expression. Furthermore, CHD9 played an anti-oncogenic role in CRC. Inhibition of CHD9 expression was likely to be a key mechanism by which miR-130b-3p increased CRC cell growth, with a target protector experiment revealing miR-130b-3p influenced proliferation via direct inhibition of CHD9. MiR-130b-3p promotes the progression and tumorigenesis of CRC at least partially by targeting CHD9.Abbreviations: CRC: Colorectal cancer; miR-130b-3p: microRNA 130b-3p; CHD9: chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 9; UTR: untranslated region; FIT: fecal immunochemical test; AAs: advanced adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China,Dan Song Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangliang Zhan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China,CONTACT Xinchen Sun Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Castells A, Gironella M. Reply. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e642-e643. [PMID: 34229036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Kawada T. Advantage of Fecal MicroRNA Combination With Immunochemical Hemoglobin Test for Screening Colorectal Cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e642. [PMID: 34146713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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A Novel Urinary miRNA Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020461. [PMID: 35053622 PMCID: PMC8773893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Early diagnosis is critically important to achieve life-saving therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Since colonoscopy is not suitable as a screening method for CRC due to its invasiveness and high-cost, reliable and non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers are hopeful for CRC. In this case-control study, we established completely non-invasive, novel urinary microRNA (miRNA) biomarker panel combining miR-129-1-3p and miR-566 for the diagnosis of CRC. In the independent age- and sex-matched three cohorts comprising 415 participants, urinary levels of these miRNAs were consistently elevated in the CRC group compared to the healthy controls. Notably, the panel of combining miR-129-1-3p and miR-566 revealed an AUC of 0.845 for stage 0/I CRC that can be treated with endoscopic resection. Abstract Since noninvasive biomarkers as an alternative to invasive colonoscopy to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) are desired, we conducted this study to determine the urinary biomarker consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs). In total, 415 age- and sex-matched participants, including 206 patients with CRC and 209 healthy controls (HCs), were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the discovery cohort (CRC, n = 3; HC, n = 6); (2) the training cohort (140 pairs); and (3) the validation cohort (63 pairs). Among 11 urinary miRNAs with aberrant expressions between the two groups, miR-129-1-3p and miR-566 were significantly independent biomarkers that detect CRC. The panel consisting of two miRNAs could distinguish patients with CRC from HC participants with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.811 in the training cohort. This panel showed good efficacy with an AUC = 0.868 in the validation cohort. This urinary biomarker combining miR-129-1-3p and miR-566 could detect even stage 0/I CRC effectively with an AUC = 0.845. Moreover, the expression levels of both miR-129-1-3p and miR-566 were significantly higher in primary tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissue. Our established novel biomarker consisting of urinary miR-129-1-3p and miR-566 enables noninvasive and early detection of CRC.
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26
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Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020852. [PMID: 35055034 PMCID: PMC8776048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Less than half of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is locally advanced. CRC is a heterogenous disease associated with a number of genetic or somatic mutations. Diagnostic markers are used for risk stratification and early detection, which might prolong overall survival. Nowadays, the widespread use of semi-invasive endoscopic methods and feacal blood tests characterised by suboptimal accuracy of diagnostic results has led to the detection of cases at later stages. New molecular noninvasive tests based on the detection of CRC alterations seem to be more sensitive and specific then the current methods. Therefore, research aiming at identifying molecular markers, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, would improve survival rates and contribute to the development of personalized medicine. The identification of “ideal” diagnostic biomarkers, having high sensitivity and specificity, being safe, cheap and easy to measure, remains a challenge. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in novel diagnostic biomarkers for tumor tissue, blood and stool samples in CRC patients.
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27
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Cheong JK, Tang YC, Zhou L, Cheng H, Too HP. Advances in quantifying circulatory microRNA for early disease detection. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 74:256-262. [PMID: 34999430 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision preventive healthcare aims to improve patient health by integrating preventive measures with early disease detection for timely intervention with precision medicine. Key to the delivery of preventive healthcare is the clinical adoption of novel assays that enable early disease detection. Such assays, typically based on biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) from liquid biopsy or excreta, are entering clinical practice after years of clinical development and validation. In this review, we discuss the clinical utility and validation of miRNA-based molecular diagnostics for early disease detection through large-cohort studies and key considerations for developing multi-analyte clinical assays. We also highlight recent advances in the ongoing development of integrated PCR-free miRNA detection systems for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Kong Cheong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSoM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Precision Medicine Programme, YLLSoM, NUS, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | - Heng-Phon Too
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSoM), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Singapore.
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28
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Lai X, Schmitz U, Vera J. The Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Biology and Therapy from a Systems Biology Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:1-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Chen CC, Chang PY, Chang YS, You JF, Chan EC, Chen JS, Tsai WS, Huang YL, Fan CW, Hsu HC, Chiang JM. MicroRNA-based signature for diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer using residuum of fecal immunochemical test. Biomed J 2022; 46:144-153. [PMID: 35074584 PMCID: PMC10104956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world. Despite continuous efforts, the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC have never been satisfying, especially the non-invasive assays. METHODS Our study comprised three independent cohorts of 835 qualified stool samples. From 46 literature-identified miRNA candidates, four miRNA ratios were selected and developed into a miRNA-based signature after applied to the training and test sets. The clinical performances of this signature were further evaluated in the prospective cohorts. RESULTS Four miRNA ratios with significant alterations and the highest discriminating power between the CRC and control groups in the training set were successfully validated in the test set. In the training dataset, combining these four miRNA ratios using a logistic regression model improved the area under the curve value to 0.821 and obtained a sensitivity of 73.6% and specificity of 78.9%. This miRNA signature showed consistent performances in the other two sample cohorts, with the highest sensitivity of 85.7% in the prospective cohort. Additionally, the higher miRNA signature was associated with worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.27) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.83) of CRC patients. For fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive populations, the positive predictive value for CRC detection in miRNA-positive subjects was 3.43-fold higher in the prospective cohort, compared to FIT alone. CONCLUSION This stool miRNA signature is highly associated with poor outcome of CRC and can be added to FIT tests to help identify the most at-risk group to receive prompt colonoscopy examination.
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30
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Zhao Z, Zhu A, Bhardwaj M, Schrotz-King P, Brenner H. Fecal microRNAs, Fecal microRNA Panels, or Combinations of Fecal microRNAs with Fecal Hemoglobin for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Its Precursors: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010065. [PMID: 35008229 PMCID: PMC8750731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Screening for colorectal cancer is effective for the reduction of both CRC incidence and mortality in the population at average risk. The use of innovative and robust biomarkers to enhance the potential of noninvasive CRC screening remains desirable. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on the diagnostic performance of fecal miRNA markers for CRC and its precursors. Several studies have reported quite promising results, in particular by combining fecal miRNA measurements with fecal hemoglobin. However, current evidence is limited by substantial heterogeneity in the methodology from study design to biosample analysis. Our review is intended to provide a valuable reference for future biomarker studies in early colorectal cancer detection. Looking at fecal miRNAs, we draw attention to the various biases to be avoided or at least minimized, by applying a harmonized methodology including true screening settings and comparable sample pre-analytics, as well as the validation of biomarkers. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Fecal miRNAs have been suggested to be promising biomarkers for CRC early detection. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on the diagnostic performance of fecal miRNA markers for CRC and its precursors. PubMed and Web of Science were searched to retrieve relevant articles published up to 7 December 2021. Information on study design, characteristics of study population, pre-analytics (sample collection, processing, and storage), fecal miRNA extraction and quantification technologies, and diagnostic performance (including sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC)) were summarized. Twenty studies reporting on 31 individual miRNAs and 16 miRNA panels (with 2–9 markers) for CRC diagnosis were identified. Substantial heterogeneity existed regarding stool sample collection, processing, storage, and miRNA extraction and normalization. For two individual miRNAs and one miRNA panel, values ≥ 80% were reported for both sensitivity and specificity; however, none of these results were either internally or externally validated. In a study among fecal immunochemical test-positive cases recruited from a true screening setting, better diagnostic performance was identified and internally validated for a combination panel including two miRNAs, fecal hemoglobin level, and patient age and sex, compared with fecal hemoglobin concentration alone. Fecal miRNAs or miRNA panels, possibly in combination with fecal hemoglobin test, may be promising candidates for noninvasive CRC early detection. However, large prospective and well-designed studies in CRC screening cohorts are required to validate promising miRNAs or miRNA panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Zhu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megha Bhardwaj
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (P.S.-K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-42-1301
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31
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Ye Y, Li H, Bian J, Wang L, Wang Y, Huang H. Exploring Prognosis-Associated Biomarkers of Estrogen-Independent Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9067-9081. [PMID: 34876842 PMCID: PMC8643178 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s341345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is one of the most common female cancers with high incidence and mortality rates. In particular, the prognosis of type II UCEC is poorer than that of type I. However, the molecular mechanism underlying type II UCEC remains unclear. Methods RNA-seq data and corresponding clinical information on UCEC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, which were then separated into mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA gene expression profile matrix to perform differentially expressed gene analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify key modules associated with different UCEC subtypes based on mRNA and lncRNA expression matrix. Following that, a subtype-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was constructed. In addition, GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway analysis were performed on subtype-related DE mRNAs, and STRING database was utilized to predict the interaction network between proteins and their biological functions. The key mRNAs were validated at the protein and gene expression levels in endometrial cancerous tissues as compared with normal tissues. Results In summary, we identified 4611 mRNA, 3568 lncRNAs, and 47 miRNAs as differentially expressed between endometrial cancerous tissues and normal endometrial tissues. WGCNA demonstrated that 72 mRNAs and 55 lncRNAs were correlated with pathological subtypes. In the constructed ceRNA regulatory network, LINC02418, RASGRF1, and GCNT1 were screened for their association with poor prognosis of type II UCEC. These DE mRNAs were linked to Wnt signaling pathway, and lower expression of LEF1 and NKD1 predicted advanced clinical stages and worse prognosis of UCEC patients. Conclusion This study revealed five prognosis-associated biomarkers that can be used to predict the worst prognosis of type II UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchun Ye
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Bian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangfei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, People's Republic of China
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32
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Dysbiosis of human gut microbiome in young-onset colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6757. [PMID: 34799562 PMCID: PMC8604900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sporadic young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC) is increasing. A significant knowledge gap exists in the gut microbiota and its diagnostic value for yCRC patients. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 728 samples are collected to identify microbial markers, and an independent cohort of 310 samples is used to validate the results. Furthermore, species-level and functional analysis are performed by metagenome sequencing using 200 samples. Gut microbial diversity is increased in yCRC. Flavonifractor plautii is an important bacterial species in yCRC, while genus Streptococcus contains the key phylotype in the old-onset colorectal cancer. Functional analysis reveals that yCRC has unique characteristics of bacterial metabolism characterized by the dominance of DNA binding and RNA-dependent DNA biosynthetic process. The random forest classifier model achieves a powerful classification potential. This study highlights the potential of the gut microbiota biomarkers as a promising non-invasive tool for the accurate detection and distinction of individuals with yCRC.
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33
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Anghel SA, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Luca I, Pop AL. Promising Epigenetic Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4965. [PMID: 34638449 PMCID: PMC8508438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In CRC, screening compliance is decreased due to the experienced discomfort associated with colonoscopy, although this method is the gold standard in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Promoter DNA methylation (hypomethylation or hypermethylation) has been linked to all CRC stages. Study objectives: to systematically review the current knowledge on approved biomarkers, reveal new potential ones, and inspect tactics that can improve performance. This research was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines; the risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria (QUADAS-2). The Web of Science® Core Collection, MEDLINE® and Scopus® databases were searched for original articles published in peer-reviewed journals with the specific keywords "colorectal cancer", "early detection", "early-stage colorectal cancer", "epigenetics", "biomarkers", "DNA methylation biomarkers", "stool or blood or tissue or biopsy", "NDRG4", "BMP3", "SEPT9", and "SDC2". Based on eligibility criteria, 74 articles were accepted for analysis. mSDC2 and mSEPT9 were frequently assessed in studies, alone or together as part of the ColoDefense panel test-the latter with the greatest performance. mBMP3 may not be an appropriate marker for detecting CRC. A panel of five methylated binding sites of the CTCF gene holds the promise for early-stage specific detection of CRC. CRC screening compliance and accuracy can be enhanced by employing a stool mt-DNA methylation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Andreea Anghel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Luca
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
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Luque-Badillo AC, Hernandez-Tapia G, Ramirez-Castillo DA, Espinoza-Serrano D, Cortes-Limon AM, Cortes-Gallardo JP, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Martinez-Fierro ML, Rios-Ibarra CP. Gold nanoparticles enhance microRNA 31 detection in colon cancer cells after inhibition with chlorogenic acid. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:742. [PMID: 34466154 PMCID: PMC8387852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the inhibitory effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic compound with potential antitumor effects, on circulating microRNA 31 (miR-31), was evaluated in RKO colon cancer cells. The capacity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance miR-31 quantification after treatment with CGA was assessed. RKO cells were treated with different concentrations of CGA for 24, 48 and 72 h, after which AuNPs coupled to CD81 were added to the supernatants. Total RNA was extracted, and miR-31 was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results revealed an 85% decrease in miR-31 level following treatment with 1,000 µM CGA for 72 h, and the highest capacity to detect miR-31 (after treatment and isolation with AuNPs + CD81) was observed at 24 h. Furthermore, CGA decreased the expression of the miR-31 oncogene in an in vitro colon cancer model, and the use of AuNPs enhanced the levels of miRNA detection. The results suggest that miR-31 inhibition is one mechanism by which CGA decreases colon cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, AuNPs can increase the capacity of miR-31 quantification, representing a new strategy to develop non-invasive tools for the molecular diagnosis and monitoring of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Luque-Badillo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Griselda Hernandez-Tapia
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Dhamar A Ramirez-Castillo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Diego Espinoza-Serrano
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Alan M Cortes-Limon
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Juan P Cortes-Gallardo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98040, Mexico
| | - Clara P Rios-Ibarra
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
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35
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miR-142-3p Modulates Cell Invasion and Migration via PKM2-Mediated Aerobic Glycolysis in Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:9927720. [PMID: 34336555 PMCID: PMC8294993 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9927720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of miR-142-3p was observed in human cancers. However, the function and mechanism of miR-142-3p in human colorectal cancer remain obscure. The expressions of miR-142-3p in human colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines were measured by RT-qPCR. The effects of miR-142-3p on cell invasion and migration were detected by transwell assays. The efficiency of aerobic glycolysis was determined by glucose consumption and lactate production. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the correlation between miR-142-3p and pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2). The level of PKM2 was assessed by western blotting. Our results showed that the expression of miR-142-3p was decreased both in human colorectal cancer tissues and in cells. Overexpression of miR-142-3p in cell line attenuated colorectal cancer cell invasion and migration. About the underlying mechanism, we found that miR-142-3p modulated aerobic glycolysis via targeting pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). In addition, we demonstrated PKM2 and PKM2-mediated aerobic glycolysis contributes to miR-142-3p-mediated colorectal cancer cell invasion and migration. Hence, these data suggested that miR-142-3p was a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human colorectal cancer.
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36
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Li C, Liu Y, Hu W, Song H. miR-122 Inhibits the Cervical Cancer Development by Targeting the Oncogene RAD21. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:303-314. [PMID: 34191246 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in female. miR-122 has been proved to be dominant in CC. The particular role of miR-122 in CC is unclear. Thus, we attempted to investigate the prognostic role of miR-122 in CC. We used the database of Kaplan-Meier curve plot. Growth and apoptosis of C33A cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay, transwell assays and flow cytometry analysis. The target gene of miR-122 was identified using bioinformatics, q-PCR, western blot and luciferase assay. It showed that CC patients with overexpression of miR-122 have a better prognosis in the Kaplan-Meier plot database analysis. Overexpressed miR-122 inhibited the malignant growth and induced apoptosis of CC. miR-122 targeting of RAD21 cohesin complex component (RAD21) was identified using bioinformatics, Q-PCR, western blot and luciferase assay analyses. Moreover, we found miR-122 conduct its functions via RAD21 via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Importantly, overexpression of RAD21 restored the roles of miR-122 in CC. Our data suggested that miR-122 could block malignant growth and promoted apoptosis by targeting RAD21 in CC. Our finding indicates miR-122 could potentially participate in the pathogenesis and be a biomarker or the potential therapeutic target of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yang
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Wenyang Hu
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hongjuan Song
- Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
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Pidíková P, Herichová I. miRNA Clusters with Up-Regulated Expression in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122979. [PMID: 34198662 PMCID: PMC8232258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As miRNAs show the capacity to be used as CRC biomarkers, we analysed experimentally validated data about frequently up-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC tissue. We identified 15 clusters that showed increased expression in CRC: miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25, miR-17/92a-1, miR-181a-1/181b-1, miR-181a-2/181b-2, miR-181c/181d, miR-183/96/182, miR-191/425, miR-200c/141, miR-203a/203b, miR-222/221, mir-23a/27a/24-2, mir-29b-1/29a, mir-301b/130b and mir-452/224. Cluster positions in the genome are intronic or intergenic. Most clusters are regulated by several transcription factors, and by long non-coding RNAs. In some cases, co-expression of miRNA with other cluster members or host gene has been proven. miRNA expression patterns in cancer tissue, blood and faeces were compared. The members of the selected clusters target 181 genes. Their functions and corresponding pathways were revealed with the use of Panther analysis. Clusters miR-17/92a-1, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25 and miR-183/96/182 showed the strongest association with metastasis occurrence and poor patient survival, implicating them as the most promising targets of translational research. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in Europe and North America. Early diagnosis is a key feature of efficient CRC treatment. As miRNAs can be used as CRC biomarkers, the aim of the present study was to analyse experimentally validated data on frequently up-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC tissue and investigate their members with respect to clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Based on available data, 15 up-regulated clusters, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25, miR-17/92a-1, miR-181a-1/181b-1, miR-181a-2/181b-2, miR-181c/181d, miR-183/96/182, miR-191/425, miR-200c/141, miR-203a/203b, miR-222/221, mir-23a/27a/24-2, mir-29b-1/29a, mir-301b/130b and mir-452/224, were selected. The positions of such clusters in the genome can be intronic or intergenic. Most clusters are regulated by several transcription factors, and miRNAs are also sponged by specific long non-coding RNAs. In some cases, co-expression of miRNA with other cluster members or host gene has been proven. miRNA expression patterns in cancer tissue, blood and faeces were compared. Based on experimental evidence, 181 target genes of selected clusters were identified. Panther analysis was used to reveal the functions of the target genes and their corresponding pathways. Clusters miR-17/92a-1, miR-106a/363, miR-106b/93/25 and miR-183/96/182 showed the strongest association with metastasis occurrence and poor patient survival, implicating them as the most promising targets of translational research.
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38
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Hagi T, Belzer C. The interaction of Akkermansia muciniphila with host-derived substances, bacteria and diets. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4833-4841. [PMID: 34125276 PMCID: PMC8236039 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Trillions of microbes inhabit the human gut and build extremely complex communities. Gut microbes contribute to host metabolisms for better or worse and are widely studied and associated with health and disease. Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut microbiota member, which uses mucin as both carbon and nitrogen sources. Many studies on A. muciniphila have been conducted since this unique bacterium was first described in 2004. A. muciniphila can play an important role in our health because of its beneficial effects, such as improving type II diabetes and obesity and anti-inflammation. A. muciniphila establishes its position as a next-generation probiotic. Besides the effect of A. muciniphila on host health, a technique for boosting has been investigated. In this review, we show what factors can modulate the abundance of A. muciniphila focusing on the interaction with host-derived substances, other bacteria and diets. This review also refers to the possibility of the interaction between medicine and A. muciniphila; this will open up future treatment strategies that can increase A. muciniphila abundance in the gut. Key points • Host-derived substances such as bile, microRNA and melatonin as well as mucin have beneficial effects on A. muciniphila. • Gut and probiotic bacteria and diet ingredients such as carbohydrates and phytochemicals could boost the abundance of A. muciniphila. • Several medicines could affect the growth of A. muciniphila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Hagi
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan.
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Lin W, Zou H, Mo J, Jin C, Jiang H, Yu C, Jiang Z, Yang Y, He B, Wang K. Micro1278 Leads to Tumor Growth Arrest, Enhanced Sensitivity to Oxaliplatin and Vitamin D and Inhibits Metastasis via KIF5B, CYP24A1, and BTG2, Respectively. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637878. [PMID: 33791222 PMCID: PMC8006274 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer type in the digestive tract. Chemotherapy drugs, such as oxaliplatin, are frequently administered to CRC patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic disease. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying CRC tumorigenesis and the identification of optimal biomarkers for assessing chemotherapy sensitivity are essential for the treatment of CRC. Various microRNAs, constituting class of non-coding RNAs with 20-22 nucleotides, have served as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in CRC. We analyzed miR-1278 expression in clinical samples by qRT-PCR. We then explored the role of miR-1278 in CRC growth in vitro and in vivo as well as sensitivity to oxaliplatin via RNA-seq and gain- and loss-of-function assays. We found that miR-1278 was downregulated in CRC samples, correlating with advanced clinical stage, and overexpression of miR-1278 led to tumor growth arrest and increased sensitivity to oxaliplatin via enhanced apoptosis and DNA damage. Suppression of KIF5B by miR-1278 through direct binding to its 3′UTR was the mechanism for the miR-1278-mediated effects in CRC, miR-1278 inhibits metastasis of CRC through upregulation of BTG2. Additionally, we also found that the expression of CYP24A1, the main enzyme determining the biological half-life of calcitriol, was significantly inhibited by miR-1278, according to data from clinical, RNA-seq and functional assays, which allowed miR-1278 to sensitize CRC cells to vitamin D. In summary, our data demonstrated that miR-1278 may serve as a potential tumor suppressor gene and biomarker for determining sensitivity to oxaliplatin and vitamin D in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinggang Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Chong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Chengyang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Zufu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Yusha Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China.,Taizhou Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Taizhou, China
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Rodriguez-Casanova A, Costa-Fraga N, Bao-Caamano A, López-López R, Muinelo-Romay L, Diaz-Lagares A. Epigenetic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622459. [PMID: 33614651 PMCID: PMC7892964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a clinical need to improve early detection of CRC and personalize therapy for patients with this disease. In the era of precision oncology, liquid biopsy has emerged as a major approach to characterize the circulating tumor elements present in body fluids, including cell-free DNA and RNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. This non-invasive tool has allowed the identification of relevant molecular alterations in CRC patients, including some indicating the disruption of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic alterations found in solid and liquid biopsies have shown great utility as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, monitoring, and evaluation of therapeutic response in CRC patients. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms associated with cancer development and progression, and the implications of their deregulation in cancer cells and liquid biopsy of CRC patients. In particular, we describe the methodologies used to analyze these epigenetic alterations in circulating tumor material, and we focus on the clinical utility of epigenetic marks in liquid biopsy as tumor biomarkers for CRC patients. We also discuss the great challenges and emerging opportunities of this field for the diagnosis and personalized management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nicolás Costa-Fraga
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aida Bao-Caamano
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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Zhou R, Qiu P, Wang H, Yang H, Yang X, Ye M, Wang F, Zhao Q. Identification of microRNA-16-5p and microRNA-21-5p in feces as potential noninvasive biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4634-4646. [PMID: 33535181 PMCID: PMC7906140 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic gastrointestinal disease. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may participate in the pathophysiology of IBD. METHODS A miRCURY™ LNA Array and in situ hybridization were employed to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in fecal specimens from 41 IBD patients (22 ulcerative colitis (UC), 19 Crohn's disease (CD)) and 23 healthy controls (HC). RT-qPCR was performed to confirm the findings. The DEMs target genes and corresponding biological functions were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Compared with HC, miR-16-5p in the feces was up-regulated both in UC and CD patients (p < 0.01), while miR-21-5p was up-regulated only in UC patients (p < 0.01). TargetScan 7.2, miRWalk, and miRDB were used to predict 216 public target genes of miR-16-5p and miR-21-5p, and six hub genes (PIK3R1, GRB2, SUZ12, NTRK2, Smurf2, and WWP1) were analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape. All the hub genes promote the occurrence and development of IBD-related colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The elevated levels of miR-16-5p and miR-21-5p in feces of IBD patients have to guide significance for the noninvasive clinical diagnosis of IBD and have a warning effect on the occurrence of IBD-related colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peishan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Medical Records, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan 430071, China
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Duran-Sanchon S, Moreno L, Gómez-Matas J, Augé JM, Serra-Burriel M, Cuatrecasas M, Moreira L, Serradesanferm A, Pozo À, Grau J, Pellisé M, Gironella M, Castells A. Fecal MicroRNA-Based Algorithm Increases Effectiveness of Fecal Immunochemical Test-Based Screening for Colorectal Cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:323-330.e1. [PMID: 32113893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An algorithm based on fecal levels of 2 microRNAs (miR-421 and miR-27a-3p), fecal hemoglobin concentration, and patient age and sex can identify patients with advanced colorectal neoplasia. We investigated whether this algorithm, called miRFec, could increase effectiveness and efficiency of fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs. METHODS We obtained data and fecal samples from 767 persons with a positive result from the FIT who then underwent colonoscopy examination while participating a population-based CRC screening program, from March 2011 through May 2017 in Barcelona, Spain. Fecal miRNAs were isolated from the buffer contained in the original FIT collection device and analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Aims were to evaluate the usefulness of the miRFec algorithm in identifying persons at greatest risk for CRC who should be prioritized for colonoscopy examination and individuals at low risk for whom colonoscopy could be avoided. RESULTS Of the 767 study subjects, 414 (54.0%) were found by colonoscopy to have advanced colorectal neoplasia (67 with CRC and 347 with advanced adenomas) and 353 (46.0%) were found to have either non-advanced adenomas (n = 136) or a normal examination (n = 217). MiRFec algorithm scores (1-4) were independently associated with the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (P < .001). The miRFec algorithm differentiated patients with CRC from those with non-advanced adenomas or normal colonoscopy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 90% (95% CI, 86-94). Subjects with miRFec scores in the 4th quartile (above 3.09, high-risk group) were 8-fold more likely to have advanced colorectal neoplasia than subjects with miRFec scores in the 1st quartile (below 2.14, low-risk group). Subjects in the low-risk group had a positive predictive value below 30% for detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia. When we used a 50% specificity cut-off value, the miRFec algorithm identified 97% of patients with CRC and would allow 264 subjects (34.4%) to avoid colonoscopy examination. CONCLUSIONS An algorithm based on fecal levels of 2 miRNAs and hemoglobin, patient age and sex (miRFec) differentiated patients with CRC from those with non-advanced adenomas or normal colonoscopy with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 90% and avoided 34% of colonoscopies. Inclusion of this algorithm in FIT-based CRC screening programs could increase their effectiveness and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Duran-Sanchon
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Moreno
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Matas
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Augé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Serra-Burriel
- Center for Research in Health and Economics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department and Tumour Bank-Biobank, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Serradesanferm
- Preventive Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Pozo
- Preventive Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Grau
- Preventive Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pellisé
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ruiz-Bañobre J, Goel A. Genomic and epigenomic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: From diagnosis to therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 151:231-304. [PMID: 34148615 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite ongoing efforts aimed at increasing screening for CRC and early detection, and development of more effective therapeutic regimens, the overall morbidity and mortality from this malignancy remains a clinical challenge. Therefore, identifying and developing genomic and epigenomic biomarkers that can improve CRC diagnosis and help predict response to current therapies are of paramount importance for improving survival outcomes in CRC patients, sparing patients from toxicity associated with current regimens, and reducing the economic burden associated with these treatments. Although efforts to develop biomarkers over the past decades have achieved some success, the recent availability of high-throughput analytical tools, together with the use of machine learning algorithms, will likely hasten the development of more robust diagnostic biomarkers and improved guidance for clinical decision-making in the coming years. In this chapter, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview on the current status of genomic and epigenomic biomarkers in CRC, and comment on their potential clinical significance in the management of patients with this fatal malignancy, including in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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BATF3 promotes malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer through the S1PR1/p-STAT3/miR-155-3p/WDR82 axis. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:400-412. [PMID: 33057139 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Encouraging insight into novel underlying mechanisms targeting abnormal biological pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) are currently under investigation, edging closer and closer to clinical use. Of note, basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 3 (BATF3) has been implicated with the tumorigenicity of CRC. The current study aimed to elucidate the oncogenic BATF3-mediated S1PR1/p-STAT3/miR-155-3p/WDR82 axis in CRC. Initially, clinical samples of CRC tissues as well as CRC cell lines were collected to evaluate the expression patterns of BATF3/S1PR1/p-STAT3/miR-155-3p/WDR82. Dual luciferase assay was employed to assess the binding affinity between miR-155-3p and WDR82. Artificial modulation of BATF3 (down- and overexpression) was conducted to measure the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells, while tumor-bearing mice were examined to determine the in vivo effects. BATF3 facilitated the proliferative, migratory, and invasive potential of CRC cells by upregulating S1PR1. Besides, the stimulatory effect of S1PR1 was realized via restored p-STAT3 expression. Furthermore, p-STAT3 was evidenced to heighten the expression of miR-155-3p and subsequently restrict the expression of its target gene WDR82. The in vivo assays provided data further substantiating the in vitro findings that inactivation of the BATF3/S1PR1/p-STAT3/miR-155-3p/WDR82 axis suppresses CRC tumor growth. Collectively, the results of the present study emphasize the oncogenic function of BATF3 illustrated by the reinforcement the biological processes of proliferation, invasion, as well as the metastatic capacity of CRC cells through activating the S1PR1/p-STAT3/miR-155-3p/WDR82 axis.
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Zhou Y, Cheng X, Wan Y, Chen T, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Zhu H. MicroRNA-421 Inhibits Apoptosis by Downregulating Caspase-3 in Human Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7579-7587. [PMID: 32904410 PMCID: PMC7455595 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s255787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been reported to play significant roles in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-421 regulates apoptosis in some cancers. Caspase-3 plays a key role in apoptosis, but the relationship between miR-421 and caspase-3 in CRC has not been determined. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-421 in CRC and the relationship between miR-421 and caspase-3. Methods Expression of miR-421 and caspase-3 were detected in human paired CRC cancer tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues. In situ detection of tissue, apoptosis was performed via the TUNEL assay. HCT116 and SW480 cell lines were subjected to several in vitro experiments to explore the relationship between miRNA421 and caspase-3 during apoptosis using miR421 mimics/antagomir and luciferase reporter assay. Apoptosis was measured by determining the levels and activity of caspase-3 as well as DNA fragmentation. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the potential interaction of miR-421 with caspase-3. Results The results showed that the expression of miR-421 in cancer tissues was higher than that in corresponding paracancerous tissues. Inhibition of miR-421 induced apoptosis, as shown by the upregulation of caspase-3 activity and expression as well as DNA fragmentation, which were attenuated by miR-421 mimic. We further showed that miR-421 targeted and inhibited CASP3 expression by targeting sites located in the 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR) of CASP3 mRNA. Conclusion This study demonstrated an anti-apoptotic role of miR-421 in CRC and identified caspase-3 gene as a direct target of miR-421. These findings provide a potential treatment strategy using miR-421 as a therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 238001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, People's Republic of China
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Raut JR, Guan Z, Schrotz-King P, Brenner H. Fecal DNA methylation markers for detecting stages of colorectal cancer and its precursors: a systematic review. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:122. [PMID: 32778176 PMCID: PMC7418412 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation biomarkers in stool may have applications in early colorectal cancer (CRC) detection; however, their association with stages of CRC carcinogenesis or their performance in detecting various stages is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the evidence for DNA methylation markers in stool for risk stratification or detection of specific CRC stages, as well as precursors of CRC. Methods We conducted a systematic search in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge to identify relevant studies published until 14th January 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study population characteristics, candidate genes, methylation measurement methods, odds ratios (ORs), overall and stage-specific sensitivities, specificities, areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve, and p-values for statistical significance for OR and for association of methylation levels with stage. Results Twenty-seven studies that reported stage-specific associations or performances of fecal DNA methylation markers for detecting colorectal neoplasms were identified. All studies used methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction for assessing methylation levels in the promoter or exon 1 regions of targeted genes. However, most studies were underpowered and limited by their case-control design. Furthermore, the stage-specific associations or sensitivities were validated for two markers (hypermethylation of GATA4 and VIM) only. Conclusion Methylation markers in stool may be useful for detection of CRC precursors or CRC staging, but promising candidate markers need to be validated in longitudinal studies on large screening populations, performing epigenome-wide analyses. Identification of stage-specific DNA methylation biomarkers in stool could boost current strategies towards early detection and enable different approaches to precision medicine for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi R Raut
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhong Guan
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sarshar M, Scribano D, Ambrosi C, Palamara AT, Masotti A. Fecal microRNAs as Innovative Biomarkers of Intestinal Diseases and Effective Players in Host-Microbiome Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2174. [PMID: 32764361 PMCID: PMC7463924 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, short non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), including circulating and fecal miRNAs have emerged as important modulators of various cellular processes by regulating the expression of target genes. Recent studies revealed the role of miRNAs as powerful biomarkers in disease diagnosis and for the development of innovative therapeutic applications in several human conditions, including intestinal diseases. In this review, we explored the literature and summarized the role of identified dysregulated fecal miRNAs in intestinal diseases, with particular focus on colorectal cancer (CRC) and celiac disease (CD). The aim of this review is to highlight one fascinating aspect of fecal miRNA function related to gut microbiota shaping and bacterial metabolism influencing. The role of miRNAs as "messenger" molecules for inter kingdom communications will be analyzed to highlight their role in the complex host-bacteria interactions. Moreover, whether fecal miRNAs could open up new perspectives to develop novel suitable biomarkers for disease detection and innovative therapeutic approaches to restore microbiota balance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
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Bian J, Xu Y, Wu F, Pan Q, Liu Y. Identification of a five-gene signature for predicting the progression and prognosis of stage I endometrial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2396-2410. [PMID: 32782557 PMCID: PMC7400971 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is often diagnosed at an early clinical stage based on abnormal vaginal bleeding. However, the prognosis of UCEC is poor. The present study was conducted to identify novel tumor grade-related genes with the potential to predict the prognosis and progression of UCEC. A total of three gene expression microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and one RNA-sequencing dataset with corresponding clinical information of patients with UCEC was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. In summary, 1,447 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between endometrial cancerous tissues and normal endometrial tissues. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to assess the associations between DEGs and clinical traits. In total, five genes were found to be highly associated with the tumorigenesis and prognosis of UCEC. Among them, BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B, cyclin B1, cell-division cycle protein 20 and non-SMC condensing I complex subunit G were involved in cell cycle regulation pathways, and DLG-associated protein 5 was involved in the Notch receptor 3 signaling pathway based on functional enrichment analyses. Of the five genes, four were highly expressed in endometrial cancerous tissues compared with normal endometrial tissues at the protein level. In addition, the higher expression of these genes predicted a higher tumor grade and worse overall survival. In conclusion, the present study revealed a 5-gene signature that can be used to predict the progression of UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Bian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yuzi Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Qiangwei Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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Identification of tumor-associated antigens with diagnostic ability of colorectal cancer by in-depth immunomic and seroproteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2020; 214:103635. [PMID: 31918032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Its diagnosis at early stages would significantly improve the survival of CRC patients. The humoral immune response has been demonstrated useful for cancer diagnosis, predating clinical symptoms up to 3 years. Here, we employed an in-depth seroproteomic approach to identify proteins that elicit a humoral immune response in CRC patients. The seroproteomic approach relied on the immunoprecipitation with patient-derived autoantibodies of proteins from CRC cell lines with different metastatic properties followed by LC-MS/MS. After bioinformatics, we focused on 31 targets of CRC autoantibodies. After WB and IHC validation, ERP44 and TALDO1 showed potential to discriminate disease-free and metastatic CRC patients, and time to recurrence of CRC patients in stage II. Using plasma samples of 30 healthy individuals, 28 premalignant individuals, and 32 CRC patients, nine out of 13 selected targets for seroreactive analysis showed significant diagnostic ability to discriminate either CRC patients or premalignant subjects from controls. Our results suggest that the here defined panel of CRC autoantibodies and their target proteins should be included in CRC blood-based biomarker panels to get a clinically useful blood-based diagnostic signature for CRC detection. SIGNIFICANCE: Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancer types mainly due to its late diagnosis. Its early diagnosis, therefore, is of great importance since it would significantly improve the survival of CRC patients. In our work, the in-depth seroproteomic analysis of colorectal cancer using isolated IgGs from colorectal cancer patients and controls and protein extract of colorectal cancer cells provide the identification of valuable biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic ability of the disease.
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50
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Ng PC, Chan KYY, Lam HS, Wong RPO, Ma TPY, Sit T, Leung KT, Chan LCN, Pang YLI, Cheung HM, Chu WCW, Li K. A Prospective Cohort Study of Fecal miR-223 and miR-451a as Noninvasive and Specific Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants. Neonatology 2020; 117:555-561. [PMID: 33238267 DOI: 10.1159/000511655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of fecal microRNA (miR)-223 and miR-451a, as novel noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. METHODS Among the top-listed target miRNAs in our previous differential microarray analysis, miR-223 and miR-451a were quantified in a pilot validation case-controlled study (NEC vs. non-NEC/nonsepsis infants; n = 6 in each group). A definitive prospective cohort study (n = 218) further assessed their clinical usefulness as noninvasive and specific diagnostic biomarkers. Fecal calprotectin was quantified in parallel for comparison. RESULTS Of 43 proven NEC cases in the cohort study, 24 (55.8%) had fecal samples recovered within the first 3 days of clinical presentation. Fecal miRNA-223 (10.5 fold), miR-451a (4.5 fold), and calprotectin (2.1 fold) concentrations were significant higher in NEC compared with the non-NEC group (p < 0.009). Accepting a minimum sensitivity of 0.75, the positive predictive values (PPVs) ranged between 0.19 and 0.20. Combining fecal biomarkers and CRP (Day 1) could marginally increase the PPVs (0.31-0.34) but adversely lowered the sensitivity (0.54-0.63). CONCLUSIONS Although fecal miRNA biomarkers and calprotectin concentrations were significantly higher in the NEC group, the considerable overlapping of concentrations between groups and low recovery of stool specimens within 72 h of clinical presentation rendered fecal noninvasive tests of limited clinical value in guiding diagnosis of NEC during the acute phase. A further study is underway to evaluate their roles in surveillance for predicting high-risk premature infants developing NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Cheung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China,
| | - Kathy Yuen Yee Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hugh Simon Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Pui On Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence Ping Yuen Ma
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tony Sit
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lawrence Chi Ngong Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yennie Lap Ian Pang
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon Ming Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie Chiu Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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