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Choi M, Toscano C, Edman MC, de Paiva CS, Hamm-Alvarez SF. The Aging Lacrimal Gland of Female C57BL/6J Mice Exhibits Multinucleate Macrophage Infiltration Associated With Lipid Dysregulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38829671 PMCID: PMC11156205 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Loss of function of the lacrimal gland (LG), which produces the aqueous tear film, is implicated in age-related dry eye. To better understand this deterioration, we evaluated changes in lipid metabolism and inflammation in LGs from an aging model. Methods LG sections from female C57BL/6J mice of different ages (young, 2-3 months; intermediate, 10-14 months; old, ≥24 months) were stained with Oil Red-O or Toluidine blue to detect lipids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and western blotting of LG lysates determined differences in the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism. A photobleaching protocol to quench age-related autofluorescence was used in LG sections to evaluate changes in immunofluorescence associated with NPC1, NPC2, CTSL, and macrophages (F4/80, CD11b) with age using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results Old LGs showed increased lipids prominent in basal aggregates in acinar cells and in extra-acinar sites. LG gene expression of Npc1, Npc2, Lipa, and Mcoln2, encoding proteins involved in lipid metabolism, was increased with age. NPC1 was also significantly increased in old LGs by western blotting. In photobleached LG sections, confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL immunofluorescence showed age-associated enrichment in macrophages labeled to detect F4/80. Although mononuclear macrophages were detectable in LG at all ages, this novel multinucleate macrophage population containing NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL and enriched in F4/80 and some CD11b was increased with age at extra-acinar sites. Conclusions Lipid-metabolizing proteins enriched in F4/80-positive multinucleated macrophages are increased in old LGs adjacent to sites of lipid deposition in acini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cindy Toscano
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maria C. Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
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2
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Kanatani Y, Mitsui Y, Ogawa K, Takeda M, Miyagawa F, Shinkuma S, Kawaguchi T, Fukumoto T, Asada H. Numerous multinucleated giant cells in cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma and pulmonary metastasis: A unique observation with potential diagnostic pitfalls. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:430-433. [PMID: 38525523 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The histopathologic diagnosis of poorly differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma can be challenging. We report a case of cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma with numerous multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) developing pulmonary metastasis. A 79-year-old man presented with a red-purple plaque on the scalp. A skin biopsy revealed epithelioid cell proliferation, admixed with numerous MGCs, and background hemorrhage. Vascular spaces were focally present and lined by atypical endothelial cells, including MGCs. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells, including MGCs, were positive for CD31, D2-40, and ERG. The patient received radiation therapy and chemotherapy, after which a follow-up CT scan revealed symptomless pneumothorax and pulmonary metastases. The patient received palliative partial lung resection, and the specimen revealed histopathological and immunohistochemical features similar to the primary cutaneous lesion. Our report expands the morphologic spectrum of cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma. Cutaneous angiosarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm; thus, awareness of this rare manifestation is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Kanatani
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mitsui
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Maiko Takeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Fumi Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinkuma
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
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3
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Salusti-Simpson M, Madrid M, Cook D. Giant cell collagenomas associated with Cowden syndrome: A case report. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:345-347. [PMID: 38337148 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Storiform collagenoma, also known as sclerotic fibroma, is a relatively rare benign cutaneous tumor consisting of a proliferation of fibroblasts that shows increased production of type I collagen. It may appear as a solitary, sporadic lesion, or, especially when multiple, associated with Cowden syndrome. Giant cell collagenoma has a histopathologic appearance similar to that of storiform collagenoma with the addition of floret-type giant cells. Herein, we report the finding of multiple giant cell collagenomas arising in an individual with Cowden syndrome. In a review of the published literature, this histopathologic variant appears to be rarely observed in association with Cowden syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Salusti-Simpson
- Division of Dermatopathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Michael Madrid
- Division of Dermatopathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Deborah Cook
- Division of Dermatopathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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4
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Lungu A, Hsieh A, Kaya G, Menzinger S. Perforating Fibrous Histiocytoma Mimicking Keratoacanthoma: A Case Report. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2023; 11:8-12. [PMID: 38247724 PMCID: PMC10801575 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A 31-year-old male presented with a firm, well-demarcated, erythematous, crateriform, and ulcerated nodule in the left lumbar region, which persisted for 3 months. Clinically, a keratoacanthoma was suspected. The histological analysis was consistent with perforating fibrous histiocytoma, a rare histopathologic variant of fibrous histiocytoma. To our knowledge, this is the third case reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Lungu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Aurélie Hsieh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Gürkan Kaya
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Sébastien Menzinger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
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5
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Vasilyev NV, Vtorushin SV, Maltseva AA, Sannikova AV. [Atypical fibroxanthoma]. Arkh Patol 2023; 85:65-72. [PMID: 37814853 DOI: 10.17116/patol20238505165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare skin tumor characterized by a combination of a «malignant» morphological features and non-aggressive clinical course. Diagnosing AFX is challenging due to histological «diversity» and heterogeneous immunophenotype. The presented review describes the history and evolution of AFX as a nosological form of cancer, its histogenetic origin, pathogenesis and biological potential. The clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, molecular cytogenetic characteristics and histological subtypes of the tumor as well as differential diagnosis have been presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vasilyev
- Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S V Vtorushin
- Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Maltseva
- Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Sannikova
- City Clinical Hospital No 3 named after B.I. Alperovich, Tomsk, Russia
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6
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Damghani MA, Motamed S. Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of Larynx: A Rare Case Report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:1933-1935. [PMID: 36452602 PMCID: PMC9702174 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fibrous histiocytoma is one of the mesenchymal tumors that can present as malignant or benign. We reported a 30 years old male, a rare case of benign fibrous histiocytoma of larynx and evaluated the clinical and histological aspect of this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Damghani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soheil Motamed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kowsar Blvd, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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7
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Clear Cell Proliferations of the Skin: A Histopathologic Review. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:607-636. [PMID: 34411018 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cutaneous clear cell proliferations encompass a heterogenous group of several primary cutaneous neoplasms and metastatic tumors with different histogenesis. Many of these clear cell proliferations may seem strikingly similar under the microscope resulting in challenging diagnosis. In many of these clear cell lesions, the reason for the clear or pale appearance of proliferating cells is unknown, whereas in other ones, this clear cell appearance is due to intracytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen, mucin, or lipid. Artifacts of tissue processing and degenerative phenomenon may also be responsible for the clear cell appearance of proliferating cells. Awareness of the histopathologic findings as well as histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques are crucial to the accurate diagnosis. This review details the histopathologic features of clear cell cutaneous proliferations, classifying them according their type of differentiation and paying special attention to the histopathologic differential diagnosis among them.
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8
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Hamie L, Abbas O, Kurban M, Bhawan J. Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells: Focus on Entities Relevant to Dermatopathology and Underlying Pathogenesis. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:163-173. [PMID: 33595228 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Osteoclast-like giant cells (OLGCs) resemble osteoclasts with their abundant cytoplasm and well-developed organelles. OLGCs are characteristic features of giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath and giant cell tumor of soft tissue but they have also been described in numerous other cutaneous conditions. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the presence of OLGCs is unknown. Here, we summarize the clinical entities that can exhibit these cells to avoid a histological overlap, affecting diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Hamie
- Dermatology Resident, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Professor, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Associate Professor, Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon ; and
| | - Jag Bhawan
- Professor, Dermatopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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9
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Aramin H, Zaleski M, Prieto VG, Aung PP. Skin and superficial soft tissue neoplasms with multinucleated giant cells: Clinical, histologic, phenotypic, and molecular differentiating features. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 42:18-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Ecchymotic Nodule on the Scalp: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:612-613. [PMID: 31335419 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Abstract
This overview of mesenchymal tumors presenting in the skin and/or subcutis in children brings together the range of neoplasms and hamartomas which are seen in this age-group. It is not surprising from the perspective of the pediatric or general surgical pathologist that vascular anomalies, including true neoplasms and vascular malformations, are the common phenotypic category. Since there is considerable morphologic overlap among these lesions, clinicopathologic correlation may be more important than for many of the other mesenchymal tumors. The skin and subcutis are the most common sites of clinical presentation for the infantile myofibroma which is the most common of fibrous mesenchymal tumors in children. Several of the other mesenchymal tumors are more common adults-like dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, but nonetheless have an important presence in children, even as a congenital neoplasm. A lipomatous tumor in a young child should be considered as a possible manifestation of an overgrowth syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis P Dehner
- 1 Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri.,2 Dermatopathology Center and Division of Dermatology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- 3 Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,4 Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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12
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Buteau AH, Keeling BH, Diaz LZ, Larralade M, Luna P, Krishnan C, Levy ML. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in pediatric patients: A diagnostic and management challenge. JAAD Case Rep 2018; 4:155-158. [PMID: 29387771 PMCID: PMC5789519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Buteau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Brett H. Keeling
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lucia Z. Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Correspondence to: Lucia Z. Diaz, MD, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Dermatology, 601 East 15 Street, CEC C2.470, Austin, TX 78701.Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at AustinDepartment of Dermatology601 East 15 Street, CEC C2.470AustinTX78701
| | - Margarita Larralade
- Pediatric Dermatology Department, Ramos Mejia Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Luna
- Pediatric Dermatology Department, Ramos Mejia Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Moise L. Levy
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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13
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Ranganathan K, Mathew SA, Sreena NS, Lavanya N. Fat Free Pleomorphic Lipoma of Oral Cavity: A Rare Entity. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZD01-ZD03. [PMID: 28511518 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24609.9357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic lipoma is a rare, benign, soft tissue neoplasm that characteristically occurs as a subcutaneous mass in the posterior neck or upper back and rarely in the tonsillar fossa and oral cavity. Histologically, pleomorphic lipoma contains varying amounts of mature fat, areas of spindle and pleomorphic cells, floret giant cells and thick rope - like collagen in a myxoid stroma. Pleomorphic lipoma with scanty fatty elements is called the fat free variant of pleomorphic lipoma. The combination of meagre amount of fat and presence of pleomorphic elements gives a pseudosarcomatous picture under the microscope leading to misdiagnosis and over treatment. Here, we report a case of fat free pleomorphic lipoma, first of its kind in the oral cavity and discuss the diagnostic features and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ranganathan
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hosptal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seema Alice Mathew
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ragas Dental College and Hosptal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nellimad Sreedharan Sreena
- Former Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hosptal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Lavanya
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hosptal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Ho T, Oliver-Krasinski J, Russo P, Taylor J, Streicher J, Rubin AI. Including Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the differential diagnosis of skin tumors with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:659-661. [PMID: 28509428 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ho
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Oliver-Krasinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pierre Russo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse Taylor
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenna Streicher
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam I Rubin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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Myxoid Plexiform Fibrohistiocytic Tumor Masquerading as Ganglion Cyst: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Pathol 2017; 2017:5370894. [PMID: 28255491 PMCID: PMC5306968 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5370894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor is a distinctive mesenchymal neoplasm of low-grade malignancy, with the capacity for biphasic differentiation toward a fibroblastic or histiocyte-like morphology. Clinically, these lesions affect different areas of the body and appear as painless, slowly growing, dermal or subcutaneous masses. To date, only three cases of myxoid variant have been reported in the English literature. Case Presentation. A 45-year-old female patient presented with a subcutaneous nodule in the right popliteal fossa. The initial impression was a benign ganglion cyst. The soft tissue tumor has been treated by local excision. The histopathological and the immunohistochemical findings supported the diagnosis of myxoid plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient received regular follow-up examination. She is alive without any recurrence. Conclusions. This case demonstrates how to distinguish this distinctive plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor from other problematic soft tissue tumors. It is also remarkable for its rarely reported extensive myxoid change. Currently, there is no clear-cut correlation between the clinicopathologic findings and the behavior of this unusual variant.
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16
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Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma:: Clinico-pathological features and differential diagnosis. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:954-956. [PMID: 27502466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma (CSM) is a very rare tumor belonging to the spectrum of skin myoepithelial lesions. CSM usually affects the upper extremities of young to middle aged patients and is characterized by peculiar morphological and immunohistochemical features. Unlike classic myoepithelioma, CSM is composed by a densely packed proliferation of spindled to histiocytoid cells, which are variably positive for EMA, S100, SMA, and frequently negative for cytokeratins and GFAP. The peculiar histopathology and the extreme rarity of such lesion (less than 40 cases reported in the literature) can make the diagnosis of CSM a true challenge. In the present case, we report the clinico-pathological features of a primary CSM occurring in a 38 year-old Caucasian man. The differential diagnoses of such lesion are also briefly discussed.
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17
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Macrophage and Multinucleated Giant Cell Classification. CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Prieto-Potin I, Largo R, Roman-Blas JA, Herrero-Beaumont G, Walsh DA. Characterization of multinucleated giant cells in synovium and subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:226. [PMID: 26311062 PMCID: PMC4550054 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multinucleated giant cells have been noticed in diverse arthritic conditions since their first description in rheumatoid synovium. However, their role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) still remains broadly unknown. We aimed to study the presence and characteristics of multinucleated giant cells (MGC) both in synovium and in subchondral bone tissues of patients with OA or RA. Methods Knee synovial and subchondral bone samples were from age-matched patients undergoing total joint replacement for OA or RA, or non-arthritic post mortem (PM) controls. OA synovium was stratified by histological inflammation grade using index tissue sections. Synovitis was assessed by Krenn score. Histological studies employed specific antibodies against macrophage markers or cathepsin K, or TRAP enzymatic assay. Results Inflamed OA and RA synovia displayed more multinucleated giant cells than did non-inflamed OA and PM synovia. There was a significant association between MGC numbers and synovitis severity. A TRAP negative/cathepsin K negative Langhans-like subtype was predominant in OA, whereas both Langhans-like and TRAP-positive/cathepsin K-negative foreign-body-like subtypes were most commonly detected in RA. Plasma-like and foam-like subtypes also were observed in OA and RA synovia, and the latter was found surrounding adipocytes. TRAP positive/cathepsin K positive osteoclasts were only identified adjacent to subchondral bone surfaces. TRAP positive osteoclasts were significantly increased in subchondral bone in OA and RA compared to PM controls. Conclusions Multinucleated giant cells are associated with synovitis severity, and subchondral osteoclast numbers are increased in OA, as well as in RA. Further research targeting multinucleated giant cells is warranted to elucidate their contributions to the symptoms and joint damage associated with arthritis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-015-0664-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Prieto-Potin
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - David A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Clear cell proliferations of the skin consist of a diverse group of lesions characterized by the presence of cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. They may arise from primary, metastatic, or non-neoplastic origins, with their distinctive cytoplasmic clearing attributable to causes ranging from artifact to accumulation of materials such as glycogen, mucin, or lipids. Despite the heterogeneity of these lesions, their distinguishing characteristics may be subtle, especially at high power. As such, histologic diagnosis can be challenging, and proper consideration relies on an understanding of the scope of possible origins, etiologies, and key immunohistochemical staining patterns of the various entities. This review categorizes cutaneous clear cell neoplasms by histogenesis, and offers differential diagnostic strategies to aid in their clinicopathologic evaluation.
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Kim EJ, Park HS, Yoon HS, Cho S. A case of perforating dermatofibroma with floret-like giant cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:305-8. [PMID: 25534666 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermatofibromas are slow-growing solitary nodules, composed mostly of a dermal proliferation of spindle cells and epithelioid cells. Some dermatofibromas present with multinucleated giant cells, such as Touton, foreign body, and osteoclast-like cells. We report a case of dermatofibroma containing both Touton giant cells and floret-type cells. A 12-year-old boy presented with a 6-mm, firm, nontender, dusky-red to greyish dermal nodule on his left popliteal fossa. As suggested clinically by the central opening, perforation of the epidermis with partial extrusion of the dermal components, including macrophages and vertically oriented collagen bundles, via transepidermal elimination, were detected. In the upper dermis, collagen trapping and mostly epithelioid cells with many giant cells were seen, while the lower part contained mainly spindle cells in a storiform pattern. Multinucleated giant cells scattered in the upper dermis were mainly floret-type multinucleated giant cells with star-shaped cytoplasmic projections, associated with some Touton giant cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a perforating dermatofibroma with floret-type multinucleated giant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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