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Mohammedsaleh ZM. The use of patient-specific stem cells in different autoimmune diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3338-3346. [PMID: 35844404 PMCID: PMC9280249 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are developed when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s cells. These inflammatory disorders can be inherited or triggered by external forces, such as type 1 diabetes, which is caused by the immune system's destruction of pancreatic beta cells. So far, stem cells such as hESC and iPSC have been used to treat autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although these procedures have certain ethical concerns. On the other hand, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are thought to be the best source of stem cells. Later, it was shown that mesenchymal stem cells produced from autologous adipose tissues have a great potential for producing huge volumes of stem cells. In-vitro and in-vivo investigations using autologous hematopoietic stem cells and autologous mesenchymal stem cells have been carried out on various rodent and human models, while clinical trials for inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus have yielded promising results. We attempted to summarise the usage of diverse stem cells in the therapy of various autoimmune disorders in this review. Shortly, we expect that the use of autologous stem cells will provide a new perspective on the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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2
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy as a New Approach for the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 64:284-320. [PMID: 35031958 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an intractable autoimmune disease with unmet medical needs. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have modest efficacy and obvious side effects. Targeted therapies with small molecules and antibodies remain under investigation in small pilot studies. The major breakthrough was the development of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) to treat refractory SSc with rapidly progressive internal organ involvement. However, AHSCT is contraindicated in patients with advanced visceral involvement. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are characterized by immunosuppressive, antifibrotic and proangiogenic capabilities may be a promising alternative option for the treatment of SSc. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies on the use of MSCs to treat SSc are underway. However, there are several unresolved limitations and safety concerns of MSC transplantation, such as immune rejections and risks of tumour formation, respectively. Since the major therapeutic potential of MSCs has been ascribed to their paracrine signalling, the use of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/secretomes/exosomes as a "cell-free" therapy might be an alternative option to circumvent the limitations of MSC-based therapies. In the present review, we overview the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in SSc, focusing on progresses reported in preclinical and clinical studies using MSCs, as well as challenges and future directions of MSC transplantation as a treatment option for patients with SSc.
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3
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Yan H, Lu J, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Y, Li L, Miao L, Zhang H. Prevention of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice With Traditional Chinese Medicine Xuanfei Baidu Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:730567. [PMID: 34737699 PMCID: PMC8560678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.730567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Xuanfei Baidu decoction (XFBD), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, was designed and successfully applied for COVID-19 disease treatment in China, while the mechanism is still not clear. Methods: To evaluate the protective effect of XFBD on immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice, XFBD was orally administrated, the body weight was measured, and the immune organ index was calculated. HE staining was performed to analyze the pathological structures of the liver, spleen, and thymus. The levels of cytokines and immunoglobulin in the serum and spleen were evaluated by ELISA and RT-PCR. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated, and LPS-stimulated cell proliferation and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were evaluated. Results: XFBD significantly suppressed body weight loss and increased the indices of spleen and thymus. The pathological alteration was much improved after XFBD administration. The reductions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgG, and IgM levels in serum and IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 expressions in the spleen were all significantly alleviated by XFBD. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation in response to LPS was further enhanced after treatment with XFBD. The reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in CY-treated mice was also highly increased in XFBD groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that XFBD played a crucial role in protection against immunosuppression in CY-treated mice and could be a potential candidate for immune modification and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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4
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Souto EB, Lima B, Campos JR, Martins-Gomes C, Souto SB, Silva AM. Myasthenia gravis: State of the art and new therapeutic strategies. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 337:577080. [PMID: 31670062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) - an autoimmune neuromuscular disease - is known by the production of autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction mainly to the acetylcholine receptor, which cause the destruction and compromises the synaptic transmission. This disease is characterized by fluctuating and fatigable muscle weakness, becoming more intensive with activity, but with an improvement under resting. There are many therapeutic strategies used to alleviate MG symptoms, either by improving the transmission of the nerve impulse or by ameliorating autoimmune reactions with e.g. steroids, immunosuppressant drugs, or monoclonal antibodies (rituximab and eculizumab). Many breakthroughs in the discovery of new therapeutic targets have been reported, but MG remains to be a chronic disease where the symptoms are kept in the majority of patients. In this review, we discuss the different therapeutic strategies that have been used over the years to alleviate MG symptoms, as well as innovative therapeutic approaches currently under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana R Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology of S. João Hospital, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
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5
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Re-educating immunity in respiratory allergies: the potential for hematopoietic stem cell-mediated gene therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 96:21-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Nagaishi K, Mizue Y, Chikenji T, Otani M, Nakano M, Saijo Y, Tsuchida H, Ishioka S, Nishikawa A, Saito T, Fujimiya M. Umbilical cord extracts improve diabetic abnormalities in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and increase their therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8484. [PMID: 28814814 PMCID: PMC5559488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) has been applied as the most valuable source of autologous cell transplantation for various diseases including diabetic complications. However, hyperglycemia may cause abnormalities in intrinsic BM-MSC which might lose sufficient therapeutic effects in diabetic patients. We demonstrated the functional abnormalities in BM-MSC derived from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes models in vitro, which resulted in loss of therapeutic effects in vivo in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Then, we developed a novel method to improve abnormalities in BM-MSC using human umbilical cord extracts, namely Wharton’s jelly extract supernatant (WJs). WJs is a cocktail of growth factors, extracellular matrixes and exosomes, which ameliorates proliferative capacity, motility, mitochondrial degeneration, endoplasmic reticular functions and exosome secretions in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes-derived BM-MSC (DM-MSC). Exosomes contained in WJs were a key factor for this activation, which exerted similar effects to complete WJs. DM-MSC activated by WJs ameliorated renal injury in both type 1 and type 2 DN. In this study, we developed a novel activating method using WJs to significantly increase the therapeutic effect of BM-MSC, which may allow effective autologous cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Nagaishi
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. .,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yuka Mizue
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako Chikenji
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miho Otani
- Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masako Nakano
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Saijo
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tsuchida
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishikawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, NTT Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Second Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Diabetic Cellular Therapeutics, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Mice Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46733-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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8
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Guptill JT, Soni M, Meriggioli MN. Current Treatment, Emerging Translational Therapies, and New Therapeutic Targets for Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:118-31. [PMID: 26510558 PMCID: PMC4720661 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease associated with the production of autoantibodies against 1) the skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor; 2) muscle-specific kinase, a receptor tyrosine kinase critical for the maintenance of neuromuscular synapses; 3) low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, an important molecular binding partner for muscle-specific kinase; and 4) other muscle endplate proteins. In addition to the profile of autoantibodies, MG may be classified according the location of the affected muscles (ocular vs generalized), the age of symptom onset, and the nature of thymic pathology. Immunopathologic events leading to the production of autoantibodies differ in the various disease subtypes. Advances in our knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of the subtypes of MG will allow for directed utilization of the ever-growing repertoire of therapeutic agents that target distinct nodes in the immune pathway relevant to the initiation and maintenance of autoimmune disease. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of MG subtypes, current treatment options, and emerging new treatments and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Guptill
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Madhu Soni
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew N Meriggioli
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Induction of tolerance and prolongation of islet allograft survival by syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Transpl Immunol 2015; 33:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Pérez-Frías A, González-Tajuelo R, Núñez-Andrade N, Tejedor R, García-Blanco MJ, Vicente-Rabaneda E, Castañeda S, Gamallo C, Silván J, Esteban-Villafruela A, Cubero-Rueda L, García-García C, Muñoz-Calleja C, García-Diez A, Urzainqui A. Development of an autoimmune syndrome affecting the skin and internal organs in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 leukocyte receptor-deficient mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3178-89. [PMID: 25132671 DOI: 10.1002/art.38808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define and characterize the progression of the spontaneous autoimmune disease that develops in mice in the absence of the leukocyte adhesion receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1). METHODS Skin-resident immune cells from PSGL-1-deficient mice and C57BL/6 control mice of different ages were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry. Biochemical parameters were analyzed in mouse serum and urine, and the presence of serum autoantibodies was investigated. Skin and internal organs were extracted, and their structure was analyzed histologically. RESULTS Skin-resident innate and adaptive immune cells from PSGL-1(-/-) mice had a proinflammatory phenotype with an imbalanced T effector cell:Treg cell ratio. Sera from PSGL-1(-/-) mice had circulating autoantibodies commonly detected in connective tissue-related human autoimmune diseases. Biochemical and histologic analysis of skin and internal organs revealed skin fibrosis and structural and functional abnormalities in the lungs and kidneys. Furthermore, PSGL-1(-/-) mice exhibited vascular alterations, showing loss of dermal vessels, small vessel medial layer remodeling in the lungs and kidneys, and ischemic processes in the kidney that promote renal infarcts. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that immune system overactivation due to PSGL-1 deficiency triggers an autoimmune syndrome with characteristics similar to systemic sclerosis, including skin fibrosis, vascular alterations, and systemic organ involvement. These results suggest that PSGL-1 expression contributes to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the immune system and could act as a barrier for autoimmunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Frías
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa, and Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Johnson TV, Bull ND, Martin KR. Stem cell therapy for glaucoma: possibilities and practicalities. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 6:165-174. [PMID: 21686079 DOI: 10.1586/eop.11.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive, neurodegenerative, optic neuropathy in which currently available therapies cannot always prevent, and do not reverse, vision loss. Stem cell transplantation may provide a promising new avenue for treating many presently incurable degenerative conditions, including glaucoma. This article will explore the various ways in which transplantation of stem or progenitor cells may be applied for the treatment of glaucoma. We will critically discuss the translational prospects of two cell transplantation-based treatment modalities: neuroprotection and retinal ganglion cell replacement. In addition, we will identify specific questions that need to be addressed and obstacles to overcome on the path to clinical translation, and offer insight into potential strategies for approaching this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Johnson
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge ED Adrian Building Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 OPY, UK
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12
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Váróczy L, Kovács I, Baráth S, Gyimesi E, Illés Á, Zeher M, Sipka S. Changes in the number of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with various autoimmune diseases after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantations and their relations to the survival times. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:421-6. [PMID: 23934041 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the number of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes were studied before (0 day) and then 30 days after the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (AHSCT) in 14 therapy refractory patients with autoimmune diseases. The years of survival and the clinical states were also evaluated. The number of CD8⁺ T cells was determined by an hematologic automat and by flow cytometry. Longer than 5-year survival times were found in 6 cases, whereas there was no progression (improvement) in 2 cases, and 4 patients were lost. The increase in the number of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells was gradual in the first 2 months and reached the significantly highest values among all subtypes of lymphocytes. It was of a special interest that in all the 4 patients who died, the numbers of CD8⁺ T cells were less than 150/μl on the 30th day after AHSCT, whereas all the 10 patients with a higher cell number survived. These results suggest that the early monitoring of the number (not only the ratio) of regenerating CD8⁺ T cells in the peripheral blood can be a useful and quantitative laboratory measurement after AHSCT, and it has a significant relation also to the survival times of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Váróczy
- Division of Haematology, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. krt. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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13
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Update on the diagnosis and management of refractory coeliac disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013:518483. [PMID: 23762036 PMCID: PMC3665175 DOI: 10.1155/2013/518483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A small subset of coeliac disease (CD) patients experiences persisting or recurring symptoms despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). When other causes of villous atrophy have been excluded, these patients are referred to as refractory celiac disease (RCD) patients. RCD can be divided in two types based on the absence (type I) or presence (type II) of an, usually clonal, intraepithelial lymphocyte population with aberrant phenotype. RCDI usually runs a benign course and may be difficult to be differentiated from uncomplicated, slow responding CD. In contrast, RCDII can be defined as low-grade intraepithelial lymphoma and frequently transforms into an aggressive enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma with dismal prognosis. This paper describes the clinical characteristics of RCDI and RCDII, diagnostic approach, and the latest insights in treatment options.
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14
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Buchbinder D, Hsieh L, Puthenveetil G, Soni A, Stites J, Huynh V, Kirov I, Neudorf S, Rubin E, Sender L, Torno L, Margolis D, Childs R, Moore T, Nugent D. Successful autologous cord blood transplantation in a child with acquired severe aplastic anemia. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:E104-7. [PMID: 23464883 PMCID: PMC4174564 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over 400 cases of pediatric SAA occur annually in the United States. A growing number of children with SAA may have had their stem cells harvested through cord blood collection. We describe a nine-yr-old male with SAA treated successfully with an autologous cord blood transplant following immunoablative chemotherapy. With the increasing number of people cryopreserving autologous cord blood, the use of autologous cord blood in the treatment of SAA might be considered as initial therapy. This case serves to discuss approaches to preparative therapy as well as the potential complications in this growing cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Buchbinder
- Division of Hematology, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
| | - Loah Hsieh
- Division of Hematology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532 - 8459
| | - Geetha Puthenveetil
- Division of Hematology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532 - 8459 Fax 714 / 532 - 8771
| | - Amit Soni
- Division of Hematology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532 - 8459
| | - Jill Stites
- Division of Hematology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532 - 8459
| | - Van Huynh
- Division of Oncology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532 - 3636
| | - Ivan Kirov
- Division of Oncology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532 - 3636
| | - Steve Neudorf
- Division of Oncology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532-3636
| | - Elyssa Rubin
- Division of Oncology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 928868 Work phone 714 / 532-3636
| | - Leonard Sender
- Division of Oncology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532-3636
| | - Lilibeth Torno
- Division of Oncology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532-3636
| | - David Margolis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Children's Hospital of Wisconsin 8701 Watertown Plank Road Wauwatosa, WI 53226 Work phone 414 / 456-4154
| | - Richard Childs
- Transplantation Immunotherapy National Institutes of Health 31 Center Drive MSC 2486 Bethesda, MD 20892 Work phone 301 / 451-7128
| | - Theodore Moore
- Division of Oncology Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA 10833 Le Conte Avenue Los Angeles, Ca 90095 Work phone 310 / 825 - 6708
| | - Diane Nugent
- Division of Hematology CHOC Children's Hospital 455 S. Main Street Orange, CA 92868 Work phone 714 / 532 - 8459
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15
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Noad J, Gonzalez-Lara LE, Broughton HC, McFadden C, Chen Y, Hess DA, Foster PJ. MRI tracking of transplanted iron-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells in an immune-compromised mouse model of critical limb ischemia. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:458-467. [PMID: 23165968 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease is a clinical problem in which mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation may offer substantial benefit by promoting the generation of new blood vessels and improving limb ischemia and wound healing via their potent paracrine activities. MRI allows for the noninvasive tracking of cells over time using iron oxide contrast agents to label cells before they are injected or transplanted. However, a major limitation of the tracking of iron oxide-labeled cells with MRI is the possibility that dead or dying cells will transfer the iron oxide label to local bystander macrophages, making it very difficult to distinguish between viable transplanted cells and endogenous macrophages in the images. In this study, a severely immune-compromised mouse, with limited macrophage activity, was investigated to examine cell tracking in a system in which bystander cell uptake of dead, iron-labeled cells or free iron particles was minimized. MRI was used to track the fate of MSCs over 21 days after their intramuscular transplantation in mice with a femoral artery ligation. In all mice, a region of signal loss was observed at the injection site and the volume of signal hypointensity diminished over time. Fluorescence and light microscopy showed that iron-positive MSCs persisted at the transplant site and often appeared to be integrated in perivascular niches. This was compared with MSC transplantation in immune-competent mice with femoral artery ligation. In these mice, the regions of signal loss caused by iron-labeled MSC cleared more slowly, and histology revealed iron particles trapped at the site of cell transplantation and associated with areas of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noad
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Liu R, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Borlongan C, Pan J, Chen J, Qian L, Liu Z, Zhu L, Zhang J, Xu Y. Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Regulating Immunoinflammation and Remyelination. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1053-62. [PMID: 23140594 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cesar Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Qian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Stem Cell Engineering Research Center, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Fong WS, Loh Y, Yoong J. Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/201010581302200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weng Seng Fong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Loh
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Medical Director, Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Program, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jon Yoong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Different roles of PD-L1 and FasL in immunomodulation mediated by human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:267-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Gianazza E, Sensi C, Eberini I, Gilardi F, Giudici M, Crestani M. Inflammatory serum proteome pattern in mice fed a high-fat diet. Amino Acids 2012; 44:1001-8. [PMID: 23224824 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of diet on serum protein pattern, mice were fed for 8 weeks either control chow or a high-fat diet (containing 21 % w/w milk fat and 0.2 % w/w cholesterol); sera were collected and analyzed by 2-DE. The main positive acute-phase reactant proteins, haptoglobin and hemopexin, were significantly up-regulated in animals receiving the high-fat diet. Data on all other proteins also pointed to an inflammatory condition in these animals. The largest change in concentration was observed for carboxylesterase N, a circulating enzyme seldom connected with lipid metabolism in earlier reports. These observations agree with the notion of a link between diet-induced hyperlipidemia and the inflammatory component of its cardiovascular sequels in humans, but the effects in the experimental animals are massive and obviously affect most of the major serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gianazza
- Gruppo di Studio per la Proteomica e la Struttura delle Proteine, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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20
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Jackson WM, Alexander PG, Bulken-Hoover JD, Vogler JA, Ji Y, McKay P, Nesti LJ, Tuan RS. Mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from traumatized muscle enhance neurite growth. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:443-51. [PMID: 22552971 DOI: 10.1002/term.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The success of peripheral nerve regeneration is governed by the rate and quality of axon bridging and myelination that occurs across the damaged region. Neurite growth and the migration of Schwann cells is regulated by neurotrophic factors produced as the nerve regenerates, and these processes can be enhanced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which also produce neurotrophic factors and other factors that improve functional tissue regeneration. Our laboratory has recently identified a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that can be harvested from traumatized muscle tissue debrided and collected during orthopaedic reconstructive surgery. The objective of this study was to determine whether the traumatized muscle-derived MPCs exhibit neurotrophic function equivalent to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Similar gene- and protein-level expression of specific neurotrophic factors was observed for both cell types, and we localized neurogenic intracellular cell markers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nestin) to a subpopulation of both MPCs and MSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the MPC-secreted factors were sufficient to enhance in vitro axon growth and cell migration in a chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) model. Finally, DRGs in co-culture with the MPCs appeared to increase their neurotrophic function via soluble factor communication. Our findings suggest that the neurotrophic function of traumatized muscle-derived MPCs is substantially equivalent to that of the well-characterized population of bone marrow-derived MPCs, and suggest that the MPCs may be further developed as a cellular therapy to promote peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Jackson
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Flici H, Giangrande A. Stem cell aging and plasticity in the Drosophila nervous system. Fly (Austin) 2012; 6:108-12. [PMID: 22634501 DOI: 10.4161/fly.19797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of neural stem cells (NSCs) are considered as very plastic precursors that, in vitro, can divide indefinitely or differentiate into neurons or glia under specific conditions. However, in vivo, these cells actively proliferate during development, and later enter quiescence or apoptosis. This raises the issue as to whether stem cells keep their plastic behavior throughout their life, which may impact their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Using the Gcm/Glide (for Glial cell missing/Glial cell deficient) transcription factor, which is able to trigger a complete and stable fate conversion into glia when ectopically expressed, we recently reported that the plasticity of Drosophila NSCs, commonly called neuroblasts (NBs), is age-dependent. When challenged with Gcm/Glide, newborn NBs are more easily converted into glia than old ones. Furthermore, the few old NBs that can be converted frequently generate cells with a stable (NB/glia) intermediate identity, a phenotype characteristic of cancer cells. We here discuss the concept of aging in NSC fate conversion and speculate on how our findings impact the ongoing debate concerning NSC plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakima Flici
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, Illkirch, France
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22
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Hosseini H, Oh DY, Chan ST, Chen XT, Nasa Z, Yagita H, Alderuccio F, Toh BH, Chan J. Non-myeloablative transplantation of bone marrow expressing self-antigen establishes peripheral tolerance and completely prevents autoimmunity in mice. Gene Ther 2011; 19:1075-84. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Voltarelli JC, Couri CEB, Oliveira MC, Moraes DA, Stracieri ABPL, Pieroni F, Barros GMN, Malmegrim KCR, Simões BP, Leal AMO, Foss MC. Stem cell therapy for diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2011; 1:94-98. [PMID: 25018908 PMCID: PMC4089753 DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we present (1) a brief discussion of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for severe and refractory autoimmune diseases (AIDs) from its beginning in 1996 through recently initiated prospective randomized clinical trials; (2) an update (up to July 2009) of clinical and laboratory outcomes of 23 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), who underwent autologous HSCT at the Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; (3) a discussion of possible mechanisms of action of HSCT in AIDs, including preliminary laboratory data obtained from our patients; and (4) a discussion of future perspectives of stem cell therapy for T1DM and type 2 DM, including the use of stem cell sources other than adult bone marrow and the combination of cell therapy with regenerative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio C Voltarelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E B Couri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Moraes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana B P L Stracieri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Pieroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George M N Barros
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelen C R Malmegrim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belinda P Simões
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela M O Leal
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Milton C Foss
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zeher M, Papp G, Szodoray P. Autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:1193-201. [PMID: 21609185 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.580272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Annaloro C, Onida F, Lambertenghi Deliliers G. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in autoimmune diseases. Expert Rev Hematol 2011; 2:699-715. [PMID: 21082959 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.09.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The term 'autoimmune diseases' encompasses a spectrum of diseases whose clinical manifestations and, possibly, biological features vary widely. The results of conventional treatment are considered unsatisfactory in aggressive forms, with subsets of patients having short life expectancies. Relying on wide experimental evidence and more feeble clinical data, some research groups have used autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the most disabling autoimmune diseases with the aim of resetting the patient's immune system. Immunoablative conditioning regimens are preferred over their myeloablative counterparts, and some form of in vivo and/or ex vivo T-cell depletion is generally adopted. Despite 15 years' experience, published controlled clinical trials are still lacking, with the evidence so far available coming from pilot studies and registry surveys. In multiple sclerosis, clinical improvement, or at least lasting disease stabilization, can be achieved in the majority of the patients; nevertheless, the worst results are observed in patients with progressive disease, where no benefit can be expected from conventional therapy. Concerning rheumatologic diseases, wide experience has been acquired in systemic sclerosis, with long-term improvements in cutaneous disease being frequently reported, although visceral involvement remains unchanged at best. Autografting has proved to be barely effective in rheumatoid arthritis and quite toxic in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, whereas it leads to clinical remission and the reversal of visceral impairment in the majority of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A promising indication is Crohn's disease, in which long-term endoscopic remission is frequently observed. Growing experience with autologous HCST in autoimmune diseases has progressively reduced concerns about transplant-related mortality and secondary myelodysplasia/leukemia. Therefore, a sustained complete remission seems to be within the reach of autografting in some autoimmune diseases; in others, the indications, risks and benefits of autografting need to be better defined. Consequently, the search for new drugs should also be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Annaloro
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center-Hematology I, Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
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Uccelli A, Mancardi G, Chiesa S. Is there a role for mesenchymal stem cells in autoimmune diseases? Autoimmunity 2010; 41:592-5. [PMID: 18958745 DOI: 10.1080/08916930802200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have highlighted that adult stem cells are granted with yet poorly understood properties other than multipotentiality. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subset of adult stromal cells that can down-regulate several functions of the immune cells. In addition, MSCs may promote survival of damaged cells and tissues through paracrine mechanisms, possibly under the guidance of environmental cues. Thus, MSCs clinical application in autoimmune diseases seems an appealing opportunity and preclinical results in different experimental models of autoimmunity further support this strategy. Despite the absolute need for caution related to several clinical and technical issues, MSCs are now on the edge of a new era of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Szodoray P, Varoczy L, Szegedi G, Zeher M. Autologous stem cell transplantation in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: from the molecular background to clinical applications. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 39:1-11. [PMID: 20132064 DOI: 10.3109/03009740903030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have a multifactorial origin. Because of disturbances of the immune system, autoreactive T and B cells target self-antigens, leading to permanent organ damage. Despite novel therapeutic protocols, the disease course is chronic and in many instances the outcome is lethal. The efficacy of stem cell therapy has been observed in autoimmune animal models and in autoimmune diseases related to haematological abnormalities. Although the therapy is more than 30 years old, its broad spread has been delayed by the serious side-effects due to the conditioning treatments based on oncological protocols. Evaluation of the data of patients who have undergone autologous stem cell therapy reinforced the view that protocols used for conditioning treatments, mostly causing lymphoablation, and procedures carried out in specialist centres significantly reduced mortality, with an almost optimal therapeutical efficacy. New, multicentre investigations have been launched to compare the efficacy of various protocols. In this review, we summarize certain aspects of the molecular background of autologous stem cell transplantation and also depict the response to therapy in various autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szodoray
- Division of Clinical Immunology, 3rd Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Arkfeld DG, Weitz IC. Immune thrombocytopenia in patients with connective tissue disorders and the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2010; 23:1239-49. [PMID: 19932431 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been theorized that immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a syndrome characterized by various defects in immune regulation, resulting in a common phenotype, decreased blood platelets, and symptoms of mucocutaneous bleeding. Most often, successful treatment of the underlying connective tissue disorder with corticosteroids or other disease-modifying agents can simultaneously improve concurrent thrombocytopenia. The best evidence to date would support the targeting of treatment to the connective tissue disorder, expecting a simultaneous improvement in the platelet count. Due to the frequent relapses associated with many of the connective tissue disorders and the frequent use of immunosuppressant agents, splenectomy should be undertaken only in highly refractory patients. Differentiating the varying immunopathic etiologies that contribute to development of connective tissue disorders may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in a subset of these patients. The use of target therapies to treat connective tissue disorders has the potential of reducing the risk of the development of ITP or, conversely, inducing the development of immune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Arkfeld
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine, HMR 711, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Pino S, Brehm MA, Covassin-Barberis L, King M, Gott B, Chase TH, Wagner J, Burzenski L, Foreman O, Greiner DL, Shultz LD. Development of novel major histocompatibility complex class I and class II-deficient NOD-SCID IL2R gamma chain knockout mice for modeling human xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 602:105-17. [PMID: 20012395 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-058-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice have been used as recipients of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for in vivo analyses of human xeno-graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This xeno-GVHD model system in many ways mimics the human disease. The model system is established by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of human PBMC or spleen cells into unconditioned or irradiated immunodeficient recipient mice. Recently, the development of several stocks of immunodeficient Prkdc ( scid ) (scid) and recombination activating 1 or 2 gene (Rag1 or Rag2) knockout mice bearing a targeted mutation in the gene encoding the IL2 receptor gamma chain (IL2rgamma) have been reported. The addition of the mutated IL2rgamma gene onto an immunodeficient mouse stock facilitates heightened engraftment with human PBMC. Stocks of mice with mutations in the IL2rgamma gene have been studied in several laboratories on NOD-scid, NOD-Rag1 ( null ), BALB/c-Rag1 ( null ), BALB/c-Rag2 ( null ), and Stock-H2(d)-Rag2 ( null ) strain backgrounds. Parameters to induce human xeno-GVHD in H2(d)-Rag2 ( null ) IL2rgamma ( null ) mice have been published, but variability in the frequency of disease and kinetics of GVHD were observed. The availability of the NOD-scid IL2rgamma ( null ) stock that engrafts more readily with human PBMC than does the Stock-H2(d)-Rag2 ( null ) IL2rgamma ( null ) stock should lead to a more reproducible humanized mouse model of GVHD and for the use in drug evaluation and validation. Furthermore, GVHD in human PBMC-engrafted scid mice has been postulated to result predominately from a human anti-mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II reactivity. Our recent development of NOD-scid IL2rgamma ( null ) beta2m ( null ) and NOD-scid IL2rgamma ( null ) Ab ( null ) stocks of mice now make it possible to investigate directly the role of host MHC class I and class II in the pathogenesis of GVHD in humanized mice using NOD-scid IL2rgamma ( null ) stocks that engraft at high levels with human PBMC and are deficient in murine MHC class I, class II, or both classes of MHC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pino
- Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Abstract
Cyclophosphamide remains one of the most successful and widely utilized antineoplastic drugs. Moreover, it is also a potent immunosuppressive agent and the most commonly used drug in blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). It was initially synthesized to selectively target cancer cells, although the hypothesized mechanism of tumor specificity (activation by cancer cell phosphamidases) transpired to be irrelevant to its activity. Nevertheless, cyclophosphamide's unique metabolism and inactivation by aldehyde dehydrogenase is responsible for its distinct cytotoxic properties. Differential cellular expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase has an effect on the anticancer therapeutic index and immunosuppressive properties of cyclophosphamide. This Review highlights the chemistry, pharmacology, clinical toxic effects and current clinical applications of cyclophosphamide in cancer and autoimmune disorders. We also discuss the development of high-dose cyclophosphamide for BMT and the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Emadi
- Division of Adult Hematology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Tomblyn M, Chiller T, Einsele H, Gress R, Sepkowitz K, Storek J, Wingard JR, Young JAH, Boeckh MJ, Boeckh MA. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:1143-238. [PMID: 19747629 PMCID: PMC3103296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1155] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents the recent results of a decade's experience with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treating severe autoimmune disease, with special reference to new insights into pathophysiology. In addition, the newly evolving field of mesenchymal stem cell therapy of autoimmune disease is introduced. RECENT FINDINGS Phase I/II studies in several major autoimmune disease have shown a satisfactory benefit risk ratio. Over one-third of patients achieve a durable remission with a treatment-related mortality of around 5%. Treatment-related mortality is less for some diseases (2% for multiple sclerosis). Phase III randomized controlled trials are advanced in systemic sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. In systemic sclerosis, data of the past 12 months suggest remodeling of collagen and normalization of microvasculature after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a new finding. Mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise in exerting an immediate anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory role in some autoimmune disease with little evidence of acute toxicity. SUMMARY Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe autoimmune disease has been shown to be feasible, and definitive phase III randomized trials are now in progress. Durable remission after immune reconstitution and tissue remodeling suggests an effect beyond profound immunosuppression. Mesenchymal stem cells show promise as immunomodulatory agents in autoimmune disease with low acute toxicity and no requirement for ablation of the recipient immune system.
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Kaminitz A, Mizrahi K, Yaniv I, Farkas DL, Stein J, Askenasy N. Low levels of allogeneic but not syngeneic hematopoietic chimerism reverse autoimmune insulitis in prediabetic NOD mice. J Autoimmun 2009; 33:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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BOHGAKI TOSHIYUKI, ATSUMI TATSUYA, BOHGAKI MIYUKI, FURUSAKI AKIRA, KONDO MAKOTO, SATO-MATSUMURA KAZUKOC, ABE RIICHIRO, KATAOKA HIROSHI, HORITA TETSUYA, YASUDA SHINSUKE, AMASAKI YOSHIHARU, NISHIO MITSUFUMI, SAWADA KENICHI, SHIMIZU HIROSHI, KOIKE TAKAO. Immunological Reconstitution after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Relationship Between Clinical Benefits and Intensity of Immunosuppression. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1240-8. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To analyze the relationship between clinical benefits and immunological changes in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods.Ten patients with SSc were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide followed by highly purified CD34+ cells (n = 5) or unpurified grafts (n = 5). Two groups of patients were retrospectively constituted based on their clinical response (good responders, n = 7; and poor responders, n = 3). As well as clinical findings, immunological reconstitution through autologous HSCT was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, quantification of signal joint T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (sjTREC), reflecting the thymic function, andfoxp3, a key gene of regulatory T cells, mRNA levels.Results.Patients’ clinical and immunological findings were similar between good and poor responders, or CD34-purified and unpurified groups at inclusion. The sjTREC values were significantly suppressed at 3 months after autologous HSCT in good responders compared with poor responders (p = 0.0152). Reconstitution of CD4+CD45RO− naive T cells was delayed in good responders compared with poor responders. The phenotype of other lymphocytes, cytokine production in T cells, andfoxp3gene expression levels after autologous HSCT did not correlate with clinical response in good or poor responders. Clinical and immunological findings after autologous HSCT were similar between CD34-purified and unpurified groups.Conclusion.Our results suggest that immunosuppression intensity, sufficient to induce transient suppression of thymic function, is attributable to the feasible clinical response in patients with SSc treated with autologous HSCT. Appropriate monitoring of sjTREC values may predict clinical benefits in transplanted SSc patients after autologous HSCT.
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[Immunoablation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in lupus: a clinical update]. Z Rheumatol 2009; 68:205-8, 210-13. [PMID: 19399510 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-008-0391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a classic systemic autoimmune disease. Standard treatment consists of chronic therapy with antimalarials, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive/cytotoxic drugs, which is associated with considerable side effects. In contrast, immunoablation of autoreactive immunologic memory followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been the only regimen capable of inducing long-term remission of up to 10 years after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy, even in severely affected patients. Introduced in 1996, the procedure has since been performed in 147 patients with severe SLE refractory to standard treatment in clinical studies worldwide. Most of these patients achieved clinical long-term remission. However, SLE relapses and secondary autoimmune disorders have been reported. Transplant-related mortality occurred in 6% of the 147 cases, with a wide center effect (2-13%). Here we summarise the results published in the literature on immunoablation followed by ASCT in SLE and discuss future perspectives for optimising this therapeutic approach. It may be possible to improve the outcome and reduce the risks of treatment by identifying patients with a poor prognosis at an early stage, before irreversible organ damage has taken place.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent evidence and current trends in the use of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for autoimmune diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Updates of published trials and data from the registries indicate a long-lasting, immunosuppression-free condition in about 50% of the patients who underwent an HSCT for a severe, progressive autoimmune disease. For all diseases, autologous HSCT is largely preferred for safety reasons, whereas allogeneic HSCT is to be considered only for carefully selected cases. Transplant-related mortality (TRM) has decreased in the past 5 years, due to both better selection of patients and the use of less intensive conditioning regimens. The most employed conditioning regimens in Europe are BCNU (carmustine), etoposide, ARA-C (cytosine arabinoside), M (melphalan) (BEAM)/anti-thymocyte globulin in multiple sclerosis and high-dose cyclophosphamide/anti-thymocyte globulin for all other diseases, with a trend for more intense regimens in North America. Multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis are currently the most frequent diagnoses. Prospective comparative trials are currently ongoing both in Europe and North America. SUMMARY Recent reports confirm the evidence that HSCT is able to induce a high rate of sustained remissions in most severe autoimmune diseases, unresponsive to conventional treatments. Valuable information is expected by the finalization of the ongoing prospective, comparative trials.
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Bull ND, Johnson TV, Martin KR. Stem cells for neuroprotection in glaucoma. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2009; 173:511-9. [PMID: 18929131 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)01135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is currently being explored as a therapy for many neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma. Cellular therapies have the potential to provide chronic neuroprotection after a single treatment, and early results have been encouraging in models of spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease. Stem cells may prove ideal for use in such treatments as they can accumulate at sites of injury in the central nervous system (CNS) and may also offer the possibility of targeted treatment delivery. Numerous stem cell sources exist, with embryonic and fetal stem cells liable to be superseded by adult-derived cells as techniques to modify the potency and differentiation of somatic cells improve. Possible neuroprotective mechanisms offered by stem cell transplantation include the supply of neurotrophic factors and the modulation of matrix metalloproteinases and other components of the CNS environment to facilitate endogenous repair. Though formidable challenges remain, stem cell transplantation remains a promising therapeutic approach in glaucoma. In addition, such studies may also provide important insights relevant to other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Bull
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2PY, UK
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Nehlin JO, Barington T. Strategies for future histocompatible stem cell therapy. Biogerontology 2009; 10:339-76. [PMID: 19219637 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy based on the safe and unlimited self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells is envisioned for future use in tissue or organ replacement after injury or disease. A gradual decline of regenerative capacity has been documented among the adult stem cell population in some body organs during the aging process. Recent progress in human somatic cell nuclear transfer and inducible pluripotent stem cell technologies has shown that patient-derived nuclei or somatic cells can be reprogrammed in vitro to become pluripotent stem cells, from which the three germ layer lineages can be generated, genetically identical to the recipient. Once differentiation protocols and culture conditions can be defined and optimized, patient-histocompatible pluripotent stem cells could be directed towards virtually every cell type in the human body. Harnessing this capability to enrich for given cells within a developmental lineage, would facilitate the transplantation of organ/tissue-specific adult stem cells or terminally differentiated somatic cells to improve the function of diseased organs or tissues in an individual. Here, we present an overview of various experimental cell therapy technologies based on the use of patient-histocompatible stem cells, the pending issues needed to be dealt with before clinical trials can be initiated, evidence for the loss and/or aging of the stem cell pool and some of the possible uses of human pluripotent stem cell-derivatives aimed at curing disease and improving health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Nehlin
- Center for Stem Cell Treatment, Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
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Systemische Sklerose. Z Rheumatol 2009; 68:37-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00393-008-0362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Advances in our understanding of autoimmunity and tumour immunity have led to improvements in immunotherapy for these diseases. Ironically, effective tumour immunity requires the induction of the same responses that underlie autoimmunity, whereas autoimmunity is driven by dysregulation of the same mechanisms that are involved in host defence and immune surveillance. Therefore, as we manipulate the immune system to treat cancer or autoimmunity, we inevitably unbalance the vital mechanisms that regulate self tolerance and antimicrobial resistance. This Science and Society article aims to dissect the conundrum that is inherent to the concept of immunotherapy and highlights the need for new and more specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Caspi
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Voltarelli JC, Couri CE, Stracieri AB, Oliveira MC, Moraes DA, Pieroni F, Barros GM, Madeira MIA, Malmegrim KC, Foss-Freitas MC, Simões BP, Foss MC, Squiers E, Burt RK. Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1150:220-9. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1447.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Li J, Meng X, Tao K, Dou K. Prolongation of cardiac allograft survival by syngeneic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplantation in mice. Adv Ther 2008; 25:935-42. [PMID: 18758696 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-008-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organ transplantation is a rapidly developing field, being the only effective treatment for end-stage organ disease. However, the associated immunosuppressant therapy has numerous direct and indirect adverse effects. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), via immune reconstitution, offers an alternative method of treatment. In this study, we determined the cardiac allograft survival in mice treated with syngeneic HSCT or hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT). METHODS BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups. Mice in Group A (n=7) were untreated while those in Group B (n=8) and C (n=7) were treated with HPCT and HSCT, respectively. Cervical heterotopic cardiac transplantation models were established in all groups and cardiac grafts were observed throughout. Regulatory T (Treg) cell expression in peripheral blood was analyzed by flow cytometry. We recorded the cardiac allograft survival time and constructed Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS The number of Treg cells in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group C (P<0.05). The survival time of mice from each group differed significantly according to Kaplan-Meier/log-rank analysis (P<0.01). A total of 62.5% of the grafts in Group B showed long-term survival (>100 days); all the mice in Group A died within 9 days, compared with 59 days in Group C. CONCLUSION We conclude that syngeneic HSCT and HPCT can prolong cardiac allograft survival in mice. These two methods could be promising ways to induce immune tolerance in future organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- Department of Hepato-biliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Edelberg JM, Ballard VLT. Stem cell review series: regulating highly potent stem cells in aging: environmental influences on plasticity. Aging Cell 2008; 7:599-604. [PMID: 18489728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2008.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in the past decade have revealed that a large number of highly plastic stem cells are maintained in humans through adulthood and are present even in older adults. These findings are notable in light of the reduced capacity for repair and regeneration in older tissues. The apparent dichotomy can be reconciled through an appreciation of the age-associated changes in the microenvironmental pathways that govern adult stem cell plasticity and differentiation patterns. Specifically, the recent identification of the age-related loss of the local platelet-derived growth factor signals that promote the induction of cardiac myocytes from Oct-3/4+ bone marrow stem cells, rather than impairment in the stem cells themselves, provides a template for understanding and targeting the environmental pathways underlying the regenerative capacity of older tissues and organs. It is projected that this paradigm extends to the overall regulation of adult stem cell biology, shifting the balance from tissue generation during development and maturation to the prevention of untoward stem cell differentiation with aging.
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Giassi LJ, Pearson T, Shultz LD, Laning J, Biber K, Kraus M, Woda BA, Schmidt MR, Woodland RT, Rossini AA, Greiner DL. Expanded CD34+ human umbilical cord blood cells generate multiple lymphohematopoietic lineages in NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:997-1012. [PMID: 18653783 PMCID: PMC2757278 DOI: 10.3181/0802-rm-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is increasingly being used for human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation in children but often requires pooling multiple cords to obtain sufficient numbers for transplantation in adults. To overcome this limitation, we have used an ex vivo two-week culture system to expand the number of hematopoietic CD34(+) cells in cord blood. To assess the in vivo function of these expanded CD34(+) cells, cultured human UCB containing 1 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells were transplanted into conditioned NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice. The expanded CD34(+) cells displayed short- and long-term repopulating cell activity. The cultured human cells differentiated into myeloid, B-lymphoid, and erythroid lineages, but not T lymphocytes. Administration of human recombinant TNFalpha to recipient mice immediately prior to transplantation promoted human thymocyte and T-cell development. These T cells proliferated vigorously in response to TCR cross-linking by anti-CD3 antibody. Engrafted TNFalpha-treated mice generated antibodies in response to T-dependent and T-independent immunization, which was enhanced when mice were co-treated with the B cell cytokine BLyS. Ex vivo expanded CD34(+) human UCB cells have the capacity to generate multiple hematopoietic lineages and a functional human immune system upon transplantation into TNFalpha-treated NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Giassi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Todd Pearson
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | | | | | | | - Morey Kraus
- Viacell, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Bruce A. Woda
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Madelyn R. Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Robert T. Woodland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Aldo A. Rossini
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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Sun L, Sun J, Zeng K, Meng F, Diao Y, Xu D, Huang L, Zhao J, Liu Q. Autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in a patient with refractory pemphigus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-008-0036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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"Regulating" rheumatoid arthritis via autotransplantation. Blood 2008; 111:4838-9. [PMID: 18467606 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-139048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a mouse model of inducible autoimmune arthritis that mimics some aspects of the human disease, Roord and colleagues identify a role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) both for modulation of disease and as a therapeutic component of autologous bone marrow transplantation (aBMT).
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Pawelczyk E, Arbab AS, Chaudhry A, Balakumaran A, Robey PG, Frank JA. In vitro model of bromodeoxyuridine or iron oxide nanoparticle uptake by activated macrophages from labeled stem cells: implications for cellular therapy. Stem Cells 2008; 26:1366-75. [PMID: 18276802 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in using exogenous labels such as bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) to label cells to identify transplanted cells and monitor their migration by fluorescent microscopy or in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. Direct implantation of cells into target tissue can result in >80% cell death due to trauma or apoptosis. Bystander uptake of labeled cells by activated macrophages (AM) can confound the interpretation of results. This study investigated the frequency of BrdU or SPION uptake by AM using the Boyden chamber model of inflammation. SPION/BrdU-labeled bone marrow stromal cells or HeLa cells, AM, and mouse fibroblasts (MF) or human fibroblasts (HF) were mixed in various ratios in Matrigel in the upper chamber and incubated for up to 96 hours. The AM were chemotactically induced to migrate to the lower chamber. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of AM from lower and upper chambers, in the presence of either MF or HF using anti-CD68, anti-BrdU, anti-dextran antibodies, revealed 10%-20% dextran-positive or 10% BrdU-positive AM after 96 hours of incubation. Transfer of iron to AM accounted for <10% of the total iron in labeled cells. The uptake of BrdU and SPION was dependent on the ratio of labeled cells to inflammatory cells and microenvironmental conditions. Direct implantation of BrdU/SPION-labeled cells into target tissue can result in uptake of label by AM; therefore, care should be taken to validate by histology transplanted cells for bystander cell markers and correlation with MRI results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Pawelczyk
- Experimental Neuroimaging Section, Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, Clinical Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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