1
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Chen X, Chen Y, Ou Y, Min W, Liang S, Hua L, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Chen P, Yang Z, Hu W, Sun P. Bortezomib inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB pathway to reduce psoriatic inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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2
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Plasma Exosomes of Patients with Breast and Ovarian Tumors Contain an Inactive 20S Proteasome. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226965. [PMID: 34834058 PMCID: PMC8619627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are directly involved in governing of physiological and pathological conditions of an organism through the transfer of information from producing to receiving cells. It can be assumed that exosomes are one of the key players of tumor dissemination since they are very stable and small enough to penetrate from various tissues into biological fluids and then back, thus interacting with tissue target cells. We evaluated the enzymatic activity and the level of 20S proteasome in tissue and exosomes of healthy females (n = 39) and patients with ovarian (n = 50) and breast (n = 108) tumors to reveal the critical role of exosomal cargo in the mediation of different types of metastases. Exosomes from plasma and ascites were isolated and characterized in according to International Society for Extracellular Vesicles guidelines. The level of 20S proteasome in tissue and exosomes was determined using Western blot analysis. Chymotrypsin- and caspase-like (ChTL and CL, respectively) peptidase activities of the proteasomes were determined using fluorogenic Suc-LLVY-AMC and Cbz-LLG-AMC substrates, respectively. We observed increased levels of 20S proteasome in ovarian cancer tissue and luminal B subtype breast cancer tissue as well as in plasma exosomes from cancer patients. Moreover, the level of the 20S proteasome in plasma exosomes and ascites exosomes in patients with ovarian tumors is comparable and higher in ovarian cancer patients with low volume ascites than in patients with moderate and high-volume ascites. We also found increased ChTL and CL activities in breast cancer and ovarian cancer tissues, as well as in peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer, while proteasomal activity in exosomes from plasma of healthy females and all patients, as well as from ascites of ovarian tumor patients were lower than detection limit of assay. Thus, regardless of the type of tumor metastasis (lymphogenous or peritoneal), the exosomes of cancer patients were characterized by an increased level of 20S proteasome, which do not exhibit enzymatic activity.
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3
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Bortezomib: a proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1291-1306. [PMID: 34424482 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are conditions in which the immune system cannot distinguish self from non-self and, as a result, tissue injury occurs primarily due to the action of various inflammatory mediators. Different immunosuppressive agents are used for the treatment of patients with ADs, but some clinical cases develop resistance to currently available therapies. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) is an approved agent for first-line therapy of people with multiple myeloma. BTZ has been shown to improve the symptoms of different ADs in animal models and ameliorated symptoms in patients with systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and autoimmune hematologic diseases that were nonresponsive to conventional therapies. Proteasome inhibition provides a potent strategy for treating ADs. BTZ represents a proteasome inhibitor that can potentially be used to treat AD patients resistant to conventional therapies.
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4
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Xu X, Li X, Zhao Y, Huang H. Immunomodulatory Effects of Histone Deacetylation Inhibitors in Graft-vs.-Host Disease After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641910. [PMID: 33732262 PMCID: PMC7959724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently the most studied drugs because of their beneficial effects on inflammatory response. Emerging data from numerous basic studies and clinical trials have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors can suppress immune-mediated diseases, such as graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), while retaining beneficial graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effects. These drugs prevent and/or treat GVHD by modifying gene expression and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines, regulating the function of alloreactive T cells, and upregulating the function and number of regulatory T cells. Some of these drugs may become new immunotherapies for GVHD and other immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal "processor" for myriad ubiquitylation pathways, the proteasome evolved exceptional adaptability in dynamically organizing a large network of proteins, including ubiquitin receptors, shuttle factors, deubiquitinases, AAA-ATPase unfoldases, and ubiquitin ligases, to enable substrate selectivity and processing efficiency and to achieve regulation precision of a vast diversity of substrates. The inner working of the 26S proteasome is among the most sophisticated, enigmatic mechanisms of enzyme machinery in eukaryotic cells. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional atomic-level visualization of the 26S proteasome dynamics during polyubiquitylated substrate degradation elucidated an extensively detailed picture of its functional mechanisms, owing to progressive methodological advances associated with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Multiple sites of ubiquitin binding in the proteasome revealed a canonical mode of ubiquitin-dependent substrate engagement. The proteasome conformation in the act of substrate deubiquitylation provided insights into how the deubiquitylating activity of RPN11 is enhanced in the holoenzyme and is coupled to substrate translocation. Intriguingly, three principal modes of coordinated ATP hydrolysis in the heterohexameric AAA-ATPase motor were discovered to regulate intermediate functional steps of the proteasome, including ubiquitin-substrate engagement, deubiquitylation, initiation of substrate translocation and processive substrate degradation. The atomic dissection of the innermost working of the 26S proteasome opens up a new era in our understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and has far-reaching implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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6
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Fitzpatrick Z, Frazer G, Ferro A, Clare S, Bouladoux N, Ferdinand J, Tuong ZK, Negro-Demontel ML, Kumar N, Suchanek O, Tajsic T, Harcourt K, Scott K, Bashford-Rogers R, Helmy A, Reich DS, Belkaid Y, Lawley TD, McGavern DB, Clatworthy MR. Gut-educated IgA plasma cells defend the meningeal venous sinuses. Nature 2020; 587:472-476. [PMID: 33149302 PMCID: PMC7748383 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system has historically been viewed as an immune-privileged site, but recent data have shown that the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contain a diverse population of immune cells1. So far, studies have focused on macrophages and T cells, but have not included a detailed analysis of meningeal humoral immunity. Here we show that, during homeostasis, the mouse and human meninges contain IgA-secreting plasma cells. These cells are positioned adjacent to dural venous sinuses: regions of slow blood flow with fenestrations that can potentially permit blood-borne pathogens to access the brain2. Peri-sinus IgA plasma cells increased with age and following a breach of the intestinal barrier. Conversely, they were scarce in germ-free mice, but their presence was restored by gut re-colonization. B cell receptor sequencing confirmed that meningeal IgA+ cells originated in the intestine. Specific depletion of meningeal plasma cells or IgA deficiency resulted in reduced fungal entrapment in the peri-sinus region and increased spread into the brain following intravenous challenge, showing that meningeal IgA is essential for defending the central nervous system at this vulnerable venous barrier surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Gordon Frazer
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashley Ferro
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - John Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maria Luciana Negro-Demontel
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamara Tajsic
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kirsten Scott
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA.
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Lee HS, Jeong GS. Salinosporamide A, a Marine-Derived Proteasome Inhibitor, Inhibits T Cell Activation through Regulating Proliferation and the Cell Cycle. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215031. [PMID: 33138297 PMCID: PMC7663257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate regulation of T cell activity under inflammatory conditions is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis. Salinosporamide A discovered as a self-resistance product from the marine bacterium Salinospora tropica, has been used as a potent proteasome inhibitor (PI). Although PIs have been developed as novel therapeutics for autoimmune diseases, due to their immunosuppressive effect, whether salinosporamide A inhibits T cell activation remains unknown. The current study finds that salinosporamide A is not cytotoxic, but controls T cell proliferation. Results from our cell cycle arrest analysis revealed that salinosporamide A leads to cell cycle arrest and regulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases. Under activated conditions, salinosporamide A abrogated T cell activation by T cell receptor-mediated stimulation, in which the production of cytokines was inhibited by pretreatment with salinosporamide A. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the regulation of T cell activation by salinosporamide A is mediated by suppressing the MAPK pathway. Therefore, our results suggest that salinosporamide A effectively suppresses T cell activation through regulating T cell proliferation and the cell cycle and provides great insight into the development of novel therapeutics for autoimmune diseases or graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-6649; Fax: +82-53-580-6645
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8
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Ibrahim U, Keyzner A. Autoimmune hematologic complications of umbilical cord blood transplantation. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 14:104-109. [PMID: 32882204 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While umbilical cord blood is increasingly utilized as a stem cell source, immune complications associated with the procedure have been recognized. These complications result from significant immune system dysregulation and defective reconstitution following transplant causing an imbalance between T-cell subsets, aberrant B cells, and abnormal antibody production. This may occur up to 12 months after transplant coinciding with thymic regeneration in adults. The aim of our review is to describe the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical features, and prognosis of autoimmune cytopenias following umbilical cord blood transplant. Furthermore, we review the treatment strategies reported in the existing literature, describe the authors' experience with the complication, and highlight novel treatment options being studied. The knowledge of the occurrence and timing of autoimmune complications of umbilical cord blood transplantation is essential for detection and treatment of the disease. Emerging therapeutic options include interleukin-2 (IL-2), which is also being studied for the treatment of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. IL-2 has favorable effects on growth, differentiation, and function of regulatory T cells. Monoclonal antibody treatments, such as daratumumab, are also on the forefront and more experience with them will guide further treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ibrahim
- Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
| | - Alla Keyzner
- Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
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9
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Pidala J, Bhatt VR, Hamilton B, Pusic I, Wood WA, Onstad L, Hall AM, Storer B, Lee SJ. Ixazomib for Treatment of Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Chronic GVHD Consortium Phase II Trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:1612-1619. [PMID: 32464285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New interventions are needed in advanced chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In a phase II, single-arm, multicenter trial, we examined the efficacy of ixazomib in patients with chronic GVHD who had progressed after at least 1 previous line of systemic immunosuppressive (IS) therapy. Ixazomib was given as a 4 mg oral dose weekly on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle for up to 6 total cycles. The primary endpoint was 6-month treatment failure, a composite endpoint including death, relapse, and requirement for an additional line of systemic IS therapy. A total of 50 subjects were enrolled at 6 institutions. The median time from the onset of chronic GVHD to enrollment was 2.8 years (interquartile range, 1.5 to 4.3 years). The degree of chronic GVHD at enrollment was National Institutes of Health (NIH)-defined moderate (16%) or severe (84%), predominantly classic (80% versus 20% overlap), with 52% of patients having involvement of 4 or more organs. The patients were heavily pretreated, with 39 (78%) receiving 3 or more previous lines of systemic therapy for chronic GVHD. Of the 50 patients treated, 26 completed 6 months of planned therapy. The 6-month treatment failure rate was significantly lower than the historical benchmark (28% versus 44%; P = .01) previously established in second-line therapy for chronic GVHD. No patient, transplantation, or chronic GVHD variables were significantly associated with 6-month treatment failure. NIH-defined overall response rate was 40% at 6 months. Overall survival was 92% at 6 months and 90% at 12 months. Ixazomib met the primary endpoint of low treatment failure at 6 months in the setting of advanced chronic GVHD. At 6 months, the NIH-defined rate of complete/partial response was 40%, and 52% of patients remained on ixazomib therapy, suggesting that the low treatment failure rate was due in part due to prevention of progressive disease that would have required additional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pidala
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Vijaya R Bhatt
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Betty Hamilton
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Iskra Pusic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - William A Wood
- Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lynn Onstad
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anne M Hall
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Barry Storer
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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10
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Pidala J, Jaglowski S, Im A, Chen G, Onstad L, Storer B, Kurukulasuriya C, Lee SJ. Carfilzomib for Treatment of Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Chronic GVHD Consortium Pilot Phase II Trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:278-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Wang H, Yan W, Feng Z, Gao Y, Zhang L, Feng X, Tian D. Plasma proteomic analysis of autoimmune hepatitis in an improved AIH mouse model. J Transl Med 2020; 18:3. [PMID: 31906950 PMCID: PMC6943959 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is increasing, and its early clinical diagnosis is difficult. The pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear, and AIH-related studies are largely limited because of lack of suitable mouse models. Methods To obtain a good tool for research on AIH, we first established an improved immune-mediated mouse model that can mimic the pathological process of AIH as in the human body, through repeated injections of human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) plasmid. Next, a proteomic analysis based on isobaric tag (IBT) technology was performed to detect the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and related biological functions and pathways in the plasma of AIH and normal mice. Finally, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to further confirm the most abundant DEP in the plasma of patients with AIH. Results Autoantibodies and the characteristic pathology of AIH were observed in our mouse model. Inflammatory infiltration also increased in the livers of AIH mice over time and plateaued by day 42 post the first injection. Chronic hepatitis was most severe on day 35 with the development of fibrosis as well, and the plasma of AIH mice were collected for proteomic analysis. A total of 176 DEPs were found in this experiment, of which 148 DEPs were up-regulated and 28 DEPs were down-regulated. Thirty significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways (P < 0.05) were detected. Arginine biosynthesis was found to be the most significant pathway involved in the AIH process. During the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, most DEPs were found to be involved in the binding, cellular, and metabolic processes. Using ELISA, the most overexpressed DEP, serum amyloid A 1 (SAA1), was confirmed to be increased specifically in the plasma of patients with AIH compared to other chronic hepatitis. Different plasma levels of SAA1 were also found related to different grades of inflammation and stages of fibrosis in the liver of patients with AIH. Conclusions Our study is the first to describe the proteomics analysis of a true sense of AIH mouse model, which is beneficial for a better understanding of AIH pathogenesis and identifying potential biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuohua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxia Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Xiao L, Patrick DM, Aden LA, Kirabo A. Mechanisms of isolevuglandin-protein adduct formation in inflammation and hypertension. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:48-53. [PMID: 30278231 PMCID: PMC6299826 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and recent evidence suggests that isolevuglandin (IsoLG)-protein adducts play a role. Several hypertensive stimuli contribute to formation of IsoLG-protein adducts including excess dietary salt and catecholamines. The precise intracellular mechanisms by which these hypertensive stimuli lead to IsoLG-protein adduct formation are still not well understood; however, there is now evidence implicating NADPH-oxidase derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. ROS oxidize arachidonic acid leading to formation of IsoLGs, which non-covalently adduct to lysine residues and alter protein structure and function. Recent studies suggest that these altered proteins act as neo-antigens leading to an autoimmune state that results in hypertension. The goal of this mini-review is to highlight some of the hypertensive stimuli and the mechanisms contributing to IsoLG-protein adduct formation leading to inflammation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Luul A Aden
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology & Inflammation (VI4), Nashville, TN, United States.
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13
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Lubos M, Dębowski D, Barcińska E, Meid A, Inkielewicz‐Stepniak I, Burster T, Rolka K. Inhibition of human constitutive 20S proteasome and 20S immunoproteasome with novel
N
‐terminally modified peptide aldehydes and their antitumor activity. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lubos
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Ewelina Barcińska
- Department of Medical ChemistryMedical University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
| | - Annika Meid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery CenterUlm University Medical Center Ulm Germany
| | | | - Timo Burster
- Department of BiologySchool of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University Astana Kazakhstan Republic
| | - Krzysztof Rolka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Gdansk Gdansk Poland
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14
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Tandem autologous/allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with bortezomib maintenance therapy for high-risk myeloma. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2247-2256. [PMID: 29296873 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated tandem autologous/allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by bortezomib maintenance therapy in a prospective phase 2 trial of treatment of high-risk multiple myeloma. The high-dose conditioning regimen for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation consisted of melphalan 200 mg/m2. The nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen for the allogeneic transplant involved low-dose total body irradiation (2 Gy) with or without fludarabine (30 mg/m2 × 3 days). Among the 31 patients enrolled, 26 (84%) proceeded to HLA-matched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation at a median of 61 (range, 41-168) days following the autologous transplant. Twenty-one patients (68%) started bortezomib (1.6 mg/m2 IV or 2.6 mg/m2 subcutaneously every 14 days for 9 months) at a median of 79 (range, 63-103) days after allogeneic transplantation. With a median follow-up of 51 (range, 16-86) months and based on intention to treat, the 2-year and 4-year progression-free survival and overall survival estimates among 24 newly diagnosed high-risk patients were 71% and 75%, and 52% and 61%, respectively. The 7 patients enrolled with relapsed or persistent disease had a 2-year and 4-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates of 14% and 43%, and 14% and 29%, respectively. These findings suggest that for patients with newly diagnosed high-risk multiple myeloma, bortezomib maintenance therapy after tandem autologous/allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is safe and may prevent disease progression until full establishment of a graft-versus-myeloma effect. This benefit, however, does not extend to patients who enroll after unsuccessful prior therapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00793572.
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Pellom ST, Dudimah DF, Thounaojam MC, Uzhachenko RV, Singhal A, Richmond A, Shanker A. Bortezomib augments lymphocyte stimulatory cytokine signaling in the tumor microenvironment to sustain CD8+T cell antitumor function. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8604-8621. [PMID: 28052005 PMCID: PMC5352426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-induced immune tolerance poses a major challenge for therapeutic interventions aimed to manage cancer. We explored approaches to overcome T-cell suppression in murine breast and kidney adenocarcinomas, and lung fibrosarcoma expressing immunogenic antigens. We observed that treatment with a reversible proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (1 mg/kg body weight) in tumor-bearing mice significantly enhanced the expression of lymphocyte-stimulatory cytokines IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15. Notably, bortezomib administration reduced pulmonary nodules of mammary adenocarcinoma 4T1.2 expressing hemagglutinin (HA) model antigen (4T1HA) in mice. Neutralization of IL-12 and IL-15 cytokines with a regimen of blocking antibodies pre- and post-adoptive transfer of low-avidity HA518-526-specific CD8+T-cells following intravenous injection of 4T1HA cells increased the number of pulmonary tumor nodules. This neutralization effect was counteracted by the tumor metastasis-suppressing action of bortezomib treatments. In bortezomib-treated 4T1HA tumor-bearing mice, CD4+T-cells showed increased IL-2 production, CD11c+ dendritic cells showed increased IL-12 and IL-15 production, and HA-specific activated CD8+T-cells showed enhanced expression of IFNγ, granzyme-B and transcription factor eomesodermin. We also noted a trend of increased expression of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 receptors as well as increased phosphorylation of STAT5 in tumor-infiltrating CD8+T-cells following bortezomib treatment. Furthermore, bortezomib-treated CD8+T-cells showed increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, and Akt, which was abrogated by phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. These data support the therapeutic potential of bortezomib in conjunction with other immunotherapies to augment the strength of convergent signals from CD8+T-cell signaling molecules including TCR, cytokine receptors and downstream PI3K/Akt/STAT5 pathways to sustain CD8+T-cell effector function in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Pellom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Duafalia F. Dudimah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Menaka C. Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roman V. Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashutosh Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Translational and Clinical Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Translational and Clinical Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Huang L, Hou J, Zhou M, Huang X, Hu W, Liu Z. The short-term efficacy of bortezomib combined with glucocorticoids for the treatment of refractory lupus nephritis. Lupus 2017; 26:952-958. [PMID: 28059023 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316686703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The treatment of refractory lupus nephritis (LN) remains challenging for clinicians because these patients either do not respond to conventional therapy or relapse during the maintenance treatment period. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bortezomib combined with glucocorticoids in refractory lupus patients. Methodology Five refractory LN patients aged 21 to 43 years (four females and one male) with biopsy-proven diagnosis (four with type IV and one with type V+IV) were recruited. These patients received bortezomib therapy for four cycles (1.3 mg per square meter of body surface area as an intravenous bolus on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of 21-day cycles) and glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone 0.5 g/d intravenously for three days, followed by prednisone 0.6 mg/kg/d orally for four weeks, with gradual tapering to 10 mg/d). Proteinuria, serum albumin and creatinine, and immunological parameters were assessed, and adverse effects were also evaluated. Results After two to four bortezomib treatment cycles, four patients achieved partial remission with decreases in SLE disease activity index scores from the range of 12-16 to that of 4-8. The patients also exhibited a decline in proteinuria and an elevation of albumin level after treatment. SCr level was decreased in three of five patients with elevated SCr at baseline. The anti-autoantibodies and complements were also improved. Adverse events were of grades 1-2 and included transient thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms and acroesthesia. During a 6- to 24-month follow-up period, three patients achieved complete remission, and one had partial remission. However, one patient received renal replacement therapy. Conclusion Bortezomib combined with glucocorticoids reduces proteinuria, improves renal function and decreases anti-autoantibodies, with good tolerance and mild adverse events, thus representing an alternative therapy for refractory LN and warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - L Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - J Hou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - M Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - X Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - W Hu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Second Military Medical University, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Citrin R, Foster JB, Teachey DT. The role of proteasome inhibition in the treatment of malignant and non-malignant hematologic disorders. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:873-89. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1216311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Matsuki-Muramoto Y, Nozawa K, Uomori K, Sekigawa I, Takasaki Y. Bortezomib treatment prevents glomerulosclerosis associated with lupus nephritis in a murine model through suppressive effects on the immune and renin-angiotensin systems. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:77-86. [PMID: 27166507 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2016.1170957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the mechanisms underlying lupus nephritis (LN) amelioration following bortezomib treatment. METHODS Bortezomib was administered subcutaneously every 3 days to NZB/W F1 mice, and the serum anti-double stranded (ds) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibody titers and proteinuria levels were measured. The renal samples and the splenocytes were examined histologically or used for real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis after 18 weeks of treatment. Serum cytokine and anti-dsDNA antibody levels were measured using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunoassays every 3 weeks. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R), and type I collagen expression levels in the glomeruli were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Bortezomib reduced the serum anti-dsDNA antibody titers and the proteinuria levels. It prevented inflammatory cell infiltrations into and the deposition of immunoglobulin G within the glomeruli. Bortezomib reduced the interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 levels in the serum and the ribonucleic acid expression levels for these cytokines within the splenocytes. Bortezomib prevented type I collagen synthesis by downregulating TGF-β and AT1R expression in the glomeruli. CONCLUSIONS Bortezomib exerts multiple immunosuppressive effects and thus ameliorates LN. Furthermore, bortezomib can prevent glomerulosclerosis formation in NZB/W F1 mice through suppressive effects on the renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsuki-Muramoto
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nozawa
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kaori Uomori
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Iwao Sekigawa
- b Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital , Chiba , Japan , and.,c Institute for Environment and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yoshinari Takasaki
- a Department of Rheumatology , Juntendo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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19
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Roberti I, Vyas S. Successful treatment of severe acute antibody-mediated rejection of renal allografts with bortezomib--a report of two pediatric cases. Pediatr Transplant 2015; 19:E189-92. [PMID: 26455511 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
aAMR in renal allografts is uncommon and remains a challenge as it is often refractory to treatment modalities. Aggressive therapy is essential to reverse the rejection as it results in renal allograft loss in approximately 27-40% of cases. There are anecdotal case reports of use of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor in the treatment of resistant AMR cases in solid organ transplant recipients; however, the experience is limited. We herein report successful reversal of resistant aAMR in two pediatric patients with bortezomib. Patients were initially treated with IV methylprednisolone pulse therapy with IVIG and PP three times weekly for a total of 10 treatments. After the standard therapy used at our institution persistence of DSA associated with graft dysfunction prompted the use of bortezomib to further treat the rejection. We did not have any neurologic side effects, but one patient did experience significant infections after bortezomib infusions requiring prolonged antimicrobial therapy. The long-term outcome of both children was excellent with preservation of normal renal function and persistent reduction in DSA titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Roberti
- Barnabas Health Children's Kidney Center, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Shefali Vyas
- Barnabas Health Children's Kidney Center, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA
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20
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Thounaojam MC, Dudimah DF, Pellom ST, Uzhachenko RV, Carbone DP, Dikov MM, Shanker A. Bortezomib enhances expression of effector molecules in anti-tumor CD8+ T lymphocytes by promoting Notch-nuclear factor-κB crosstalk. Oncotarget 2015; 6:32439-55. [PMID: 26431276 PMCID: PMC4741704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment usurps host antitumor immunity by multiple mechanisms including interference with the Notch system, which is important for various metazoan cell fate decisions and hematopoietic cell differentiation and function. We observed that treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in mice bearing various solid tumors resulted in an upregulated expression of various Notch signaling components in lymphoid tissues, thereby increasing CD8+T-lymphocyte IFNγ secretion and expression of effector molecules, perforin and granzyme B, as well as the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin. Bortezomib also neutralized TGFβ-mediated suppression of IFNγ and granzyme B expression in activated CD8+T-cells. Of note, bortezomib reversed tumor-induced downregulation of Notch receptors, Notch1 and Notch2, as well as increased the levels of cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and downstream targets Hes1 and Hey1 in tumor-draining CD8+T-cells. Moreover, bortezomib promoted CD8+T-cell nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) activity by increasing the total and phosphorylated levels of the IκB kinase and IκBα as well as the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of phosphorylated p65. Even when we blocked NFκB activity by Bay-11-7082, or NICD cleavage by γ-secretase inhibitor, bortezomib significantly increased expression of Notch Hes1 and Hey1 genes as well as perforin, granzyme B and eomesodermin in activated CD8+T-cells. Data suggest that bortezomib can rescue tumor-induced dysfunction of CD8+T-cells by its intrinsic stimulatory effects promoting NICD-NFκB crosstalk. These findings provide novel insights on using bortezomib not only as an agent to sensitize tumors to cell death but also to provide lymphocyte-stimulatory effects, thereby overcoming immunosuppressive actions of tumor on anti-tumor T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaka C. Thounaojam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Duafalia F. Dudimah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel T. Pellom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman V. Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David P. Carbone
- Department of Medicine, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mikhail M. Dikov
- Department of Medicine, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Verbrugge SE, Scheper RJ, Lems WF, de Gruijl TD, Jansen G. Proteasome inhibitors as experimental therapeutics of autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:17. [PMID: 25889583 PMCID: PMC4308859 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) consisting of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or biological agents are not always effective, hence driving the demand for new experimental therapeutics. The antiproliferative capacity of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has received considerable attention given the success of their first prototypical representative, bortezomib (BTZ), in the treatment of B cell and plasma cell-related hematological malignancies. Therapeutic application of PIs in an autoimmune disease setting is much less explored, despite a clear rationale of (immuno) proteasome involvement in (auto)antigen presentation, and PIs harboring the capacity to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor-κB and suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Here, we review the clinical positioning of (immuno) proteasomes in autoimmune diseases, in particular RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome and sclerodema, and elaborate on (pre)clinical data related to the impact of BTZ and next generation PIs on immune effector cells (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, osteoclasts) implicated in their pathophysiology. Finally, factors influencing long-term efficacy of PIs, their current (pre)clinical status and future perspectives as anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ellen Verbrugge
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem F Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib suppresses nuclear factor-kappa B activation and ameliorates eye inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:847373. [PMID: 25653480 PMCID: PMC4306382 DOI: 10.1155/2015/847373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor used for hematologic cancer treatment. Since it can suppress NF-κB activation, which is critical for the inflammatory process, bortezomib has been found to possess anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bortezomib on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in mice and investigated the potential mechanisms related to NF-κB inactivation. High-dose bortezomib (0.75 mg/kg), low-dose bortezomib (0.15 mg/kg), or phosphate buffered saline was given after EAU induction. We found that the EAU is ameliorated by high-dose bortezomib treatment when compared with low-dose bortezomib or PBS treatment. The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was suppressed and expression of several key inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-17, and MCP-1 was lowered in the high-dose bortezomib-treated group. These results suggest that proteasome inhibition is a promising treatment strategy for autoimmune uveitis.
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Waespe N, Zeilhofer U, Güngör T. Treatment-refractory multi-lineage autoimmune cytopenia after unrelated cord blood transplantation: remission after combined bortezomib and vincristine treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:2112-4. [PMID: 24976527 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune cytopenias (AC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are associated with a dismal prognosis. We describe a 1-year-old female with multi-lineage AC occurring on day +43 after HSCT. Multi-agent treatment with high-dose prednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulins, cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, and rituximab was unsuccessful. Combined treatment with bortezomib and vincristine in addition to ongoing immunosuppressive therapy was started on day +414 with transfusion-independence after day +444. Immunosuppressants were tapered until day +638. On day +1,121 the patient remained in remission. Bortezomib with vincristine may be a promising treatment modality for refractory AC after HSCT that requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Waespe
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Nencioni A, Cea M, Montecucco F, Longo VD, Patrone F, Carella AM, Holyoake TL, Helgason GV. Autophagy in blood cancers: biological role and therapeutic implications. Haematologica 2014; 98:1335-43. [PMID: 24006406 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.079061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cell recycling process the molecular apparatus of which has been identified over the past decade. Autophagy allows cells to survive starvation and inhospitable conditions and plays a key role in numerous physiological functions, including hematopoiesis and immune responses. In hematologic malignancies, autophagy can either act as a chemo-resistance mechanism or have tumor suppressive functions, depending on the context. In addition, autophagy is involved in other important aspects of blood cancers as it promotes immune competence and anti-cancer immunity, and may even help enhance patient tolerance to standard treatments. Approaches exploiting autophagy, either to activate or inhibit it, could find broad application in hematologic malignancies and contribute to improved clinical outcomes. These aspects are discussed here together with a brief introduction to the molecular machinery of autophagy and to its role in blood cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has emerged as a predominant complication following HSCT and has a distinct etiology. We and others have previously demonstrated that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, can prevent but not treat acute GVHD in mice. To assess the effects of bortezomib on cGVHD, a mouse minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched strain combination was used to mimic clinical cGVHD sclerodermatous pathogenesis and phenotype. Treatment of ongoing cGVHD with bortezomib ameliorated cutaneous lesions, which were also associated with a reduction in total numbers of germinal center B cells and lower B-cell activating factor gene expression levels in cutaneous tissues. Importantly, lymphoma-bearing mice receiving allogeneic HSCT with bortezomib preserved graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects. Based on these animal studies, we initiated an intrapatient dose escalation clinical trial in patients with extensive steroid-intolerant, dependent, or resistant cGVHD. Marked clinical improvement was observed in patients, which was also associated with reductions of peripheral B cells and minimal toxicity. These results indicate that bortezomib can be of significant use in the treatment of cGVHD and may also allow for maintenance of GVT. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01672229.
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26
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Biggins JB, Kang HS, Ternei MA, DeShazer D, Brady SF. The chemical arsenal of Burkholderia pseudomallei is essential for pathogenicity. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9484-90. [PMID: 24884988 PMCID: PMC4091270 DOI: 10.1021/ja504617n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Increasing evidence has shown that
small-molecule chemistry in
microbes (i.e., secondary metabolism) can modulate the microbe–host
response in infection and pathogenicity. The bacterial disease melioidosis
is conferred by the highly virulent, antibiotic-resistant pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei (BP). Whereas
some macromolecular structures have been shown to influence BP virulence (e.g., secretion systems, cellular capsule,
pili), the role of the large cryptic secondary metabolome encoded
within its genome has been largely unexplored for its importance to
virulence. Herein we demonstrate that BP-encoded
small-molecule biosynthesis is indispensible for in vivo BP pathogenicity. Promoter exchange experiments were used to induce
high-level molecule production from two gene clusters (MPN and SYR)
found to be essential for in vivo virulence. NMR
structural characterization of these metabolites identified a new
class of lipopeptide biosurfactants/biofilm modulators (the
malleipeptins) and syrbactin-type proteasome inhibitors, both
of which represent overlooked small-molecule virulence factors for BP. Disruption of Burkholderia virulence by inhibiting the
biosynthesis of these small-molecule biosynthetic pathways may prove
to be an effective strategy for developing novel melioidosis-specific
therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Biggins
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , The Rockefeller University , 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Wang C, Chen S, Feng B, Guan Y. Proteasome inhibitors for malignancy-related Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:325-8. [PMID: 24464710 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies against presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels that impair neuromuscular transmission. Malignancies, especially small cell lung cancer (SCLC), have been associated with LEMS and account for approximately 60% of cases, making malignancy management a central step in LEMS therapy. In addition, immunosuppressive therapy is also recommended for symptomatic control. Interestingly, both pathological and epidemiological data suggest that the autoimmune response can inhibit progression of tumors in malignancy-associated LEMS. Thus, conventional broad-spectrum immunosuppressants may not be effective agents for treatment of LEMS, especially in those with malignancy-associated LEMS. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that proteasome inhibitors can eliminate antibody-producing cells efficiently, block dendritic cell maturation, and have anti-tumor activity. We hypothesize that proteasome inhibitors may be promising agents for treatment of malignancy-related LEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jawa V, Cousens LP, Awwad M, Wakshull E, Kropshofer H, De Groot AS. T-cell dependent immunogenicity of protein therapeutics: Preclinical assessment and mitigation. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:534-55. [PMID: 24263283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics hold a prominent and rapidly expanding place among medicinal products. Purified blood products, recombinant cytokines, growth factors, enzyme replacement factors, monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, and chimeric fusion proteins are all examples of therapeutic proteins that have been developed in the past few decades and approved for use in the treatment of human disease. Despite early belief that the fully human nature of these proteins would represent a significant advantage, adverse effects associated with immune responses to some biologic therapies have become a topic of some concern. As a result, drug developers are devising strategies to assess immune responses to protein therapeutics during both the preclinical and the clinical phases of development. While there are many factors that contribute to protein immunogenicity, T cell- (thymus-) dependent (Td) responses appear to play a critical role in the development of antibody responses to biologic therapeutics. A range of methodologies to predict and measure Td immune responses to protein drugs has been developed. This review will focus on the Td contribution to immunogenicity, summarizing current approaches for the prediction and measurement of T cell-dependent immune responses to protein biologics, discussing the advantages and limitations of these technologies, and suggesting a practical approach for assessing and mitigating Td immunogenicity.
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Schmidt M, Finley D. Regulation of proteasome activity in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:13-25. [PMID: 23994620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the primary selective degradation system in the nuclei and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, required for the turnover of myriad soluble proteins. The hundreds of factors that comprise the UPS include an enzymatic cascade that tags proteins for degradation via the covalent attachment of a poly-ubiquitin chain, and a large multimeric enzyme that degrades ubiquitinated proteins, the proteasome. Protein degradation by the UPS regulates many pathways and is a crucial component of the cellular proteostasis network. Dysfunction of the ubiquitination machinery or the proteolytic activity of the proteasome is associated with numerous human diseases. In this review we discuss the contributions of the proteasome to human pathology, describe mechanisms that regulate the proteolytic capacity of the proteasome, and discuss strategies to modulate proteasome function as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate diseases associated with altered UPS function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Guest Editors: Thomas Sommer and Dieter H. Wolf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schmidt
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Menon MC, Murphy B. Maintenance immunosuppression in renal transplantation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:662-71. [PMID: 23731524 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The need to maintain allograft recipients on immunosuppression is nearly universal. Immunosuppressive agents used in organ transplantation target one or more steps of the host alloimmune response, specifically processes related to CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Calcineurin-inhibitor based steroid-containing regimens have been the mainstay of maintenance immunosuppression over the last two decades. Newer agents have shown efficacy in this role in recent trials with comparable allograft and patient outcomes. These agents have permitted calcineurin-inhibitor minimization and steroid-sparing strategies in selected groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav C Menon
- Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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Cousens LP, Mingozzi F, van der Marel S, Su Y, Garman R, Ferreira V, Martin W, Scott DW, De Groot AS. Teaching tolerance: New approaches to enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1459-64. [PMID: 23095864 PMCID: PMC3660767 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Babies born with Pompe disease require life-long treatment with enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT). Despite the human origin of the therapy, recombinant human lysosomal acid α glucosidase (GAA, rhGAA), ERT unfortunately leads to the development of high titers of anti-rhGAA antibody, decreased effectiveness of ERT, and a fatal outcome for a significant number of children who have Pompe disease. The severity of disease, anti-drug antibody (ADA) development, and the consequences thereof are directly related to the degree of the enzyme deficiency. Babies born with a complete deficiency GAA are said to have cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM)–negative Pompe disease and are highly likely to develop GAA ADA. Less frequently, GAA ADA develop in CRIM-positive individuals. Currently, GAA-ADA sero-positive babies are treated with a combination of immunosuppressive drugs to induce immunological tolerance to ERT, but the long-term effect of these regimens is unknown. Alternative approaches that might redirect the immune response toward antigen-specific tolerance without immunosuppressive agents are needed. Methods leading to the induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs), using peptides such as Tregitopes (T regulatory cell epitopes) are under consideration for the future treatment of CRIM-negative Pompe disease. Tregitopes are natural T cell epitopes derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG) that cause the expansion and activation of regulatory T cells (Treg). Teaching the immune system to tolerate GAA by co-delivering GAA with Tregitope peptides might dramatically improve the lives of CRIM-negative babies and could be applied to other enzyme replacement therapies to which ADA have been induced.
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