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Lin H, Chung M, Sun J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Pan X, Wei M, Cai S, Pan Y. Ganoderma spore lipid ameliorates docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy-induced damage to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoiesis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:158. [PMID: 38610025 PMCID: PMC11010295 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A triplet chemotherapy regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) is used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, it is toxic to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We previously demonstrated that Ganoderma spore lipid (GSL) protect BMSCs against cyclophosphamide toxicity. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of GSL against TPF-induced BMSCs and hematopoietic damage. METHODS BMSCs and C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, TPF, co-treatment (simultaneously treated with GSL and TPF for 2 days), and pre-treatment (treated with GSL for 7 days before 2 days of TPF treatment) groups. In vitro, morphology, phenotype, proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated. In vivo, peripheral platelets (PLTs) and white blood cells (WBCs) from mouse venous blood were quantified. Bone marrow cells were isolated for hematopoietic colony-forming examination. RESULTS In vitro, GSL significantly alleviated TPF-induced damage to BMSCs compared with the TPF group, recovering their morphology, phenotype, proliferation, and differentiation capacity (p < 0.05). Annexin V/PI and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining showed that GSL inhibited apoptosis and delayed senescence in TPF-treated BMSCs (p < 0.05). GSL downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and reduced ROS formation (p < 0.05). In vivo, GSL restored the number of peripheral PLTs and WBCs and protected the colony-forming capacity of bone marrow cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GSL efficiently protected BMSCs from damage caused by TPF and recovered hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Lin
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manhon Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchun Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghui Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sa Cai
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yu Pan
- Health Science Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Hong JH, Woo IS. Metronomic chemotherapy as a potential partner of immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216236. [PMID: 37209943 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical practice for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is currently limited to patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), which comprise less than 5% of all mCRC cases. Combining ICIs with anti-angiogenic inhibitors, which modulate the tumor microenvironment, may reinforce and synergize the anti-tumor immune responses of ICIs. In mCRCs, combinations of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib have shown good efficacy in early phase trials. These results suggest the potential utility of immune modulators as partners in combination treatment with ICIs in immunologically cold microsatellite stable, as well as hot dMMR/MSI-H tumors. Unlike conventional pulsatile maximum tolerated dose chemotherapy, low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy recruits immune cells and normalizes vascular-immune crosstalk, similar to anti-angiogenic drugs. LDM chemotherapy mostly modulates the tumor stroma rather than directly killing tumor cells. Here, we review the mechanism of LDM chemotherapy in terms of immune modulation and its potential as a combination partner with ICIs for the treatment of patients with mCRC tumors, most of which are immunologically cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Woo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea.
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Ivasechko I, Lozynskyi A, Senkiv J, Roszczenko P, Kozak Y, Finiuk N, Klyuchivska O, Kashchak N, Manko N, Maslyak Z, Lesyk D, Karkhut A, Polovkovych S, Czarnomysy R, Szewczyk O, Kozytskiy A, Karpenko O, Khyluk D, Gzella A, Bielawski K, Bielawska A, Dzubak P, Gurska S, Hajduch M, Stoika R, Lesyk R. Molecular design, synthesis and anticancer activity of new thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles based on 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115304. [PMID: 37001390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of 11-substituted 9-hydroxy-3,5,10,11-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[6,7]thiochromeno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-2,5,10-triones 3.1-3.13 were synthesized via hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of 5-ene-4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinones and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone). The structure of newly synthesized compounds was established by means of spectral data and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested on a panel of cell lines representing different types of cancer as well as normal and pseudonormal cells and peripheral human blood lymphocytes. Compound 3.10 was found to be the most active derivative, exhibiting a cytotoxic effect similar to doxorubicin's one (IC50 ranged from 0.6 to 5.98 μM), but less toxic to normal and pseudonormal cells. All synthesized compounds were able to interact with DNA, although their anticancer activity did not correlate with the potency of interaction with DNA. The status of p53 in colorectal cancer cells correlated with the activity of the synthesized derivatives 3.1, 3.7, and 3.10. Compound 3.10 did not have an acute toxic effect on the body of С57BL/6 mice, unlike the well-known anticancer drug doxorubicin, which was used as a positive control. The injection of 3.10 (20 mg/kg) to mice had no effect on the counts of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets and hemoglobin level in their blood, in contrast to doxorubicin, which caused anemia and leukopenia, indicating bio-tolerance of 3.10in vivo.
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4
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A comprehensive regulatory and industry review of modeling and simulation practices in oncology clinical drug development. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2023; 50:147-172. [PMID: 36870005 PMCID: PMC10169901 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-023-09850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure-response (E-R) analyses are an integral component in the development of oncology products. Characterizing the relationship between drug exposure metrics and response allows the sponsor to use modeling and simulation to address both internal and external drug development questions (e.g., optimal dose, frequency of administration, dose adjustments for special populations). This white paper is the output of an industry-government collaboration among scientists with broad experience in E-R modeling as part of regulatory submissions. The goal of this white paper is to provide guidance on what the preferred methods for E-R analysis in oncology clinical drug development are and what metrics of exposure should be considered.
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Chaudhary P, Kumari S, Dewan P, Gomber S, Ahmed RS, Kotru M. Chemotherapy-Induced Oxidative Stress in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cureus 2023; 15:e35968. [PMID: 37050982 PMCID: PMC10085507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plasma antioxidant capacity in children receiving chemotherapy decreases due to the effect of the disease and chemotherapy. Increased oxidative stress (OS) predisposes to an increased risk for chemotherapy-related toxicity and febrile neutropenic episodes. Materials and methods We conducted this case-control study in the hematology-oncology unit of the department of pediatrics of a tertiary hospital in Delhi, India, from November 2017 to March 2019 to compare OS between children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and healthy controls. We estimated the trends in OS as measured by the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels at baseline and at the completion of induction I (four weeks), induction II (eight weeks), and induction IIA-consolidation (16 weeks) phases of chemotherapy in children with ALL. We also assessed the change in OS during different phases of initial treatment and studied the association between OS and the hematological toxicity of chemotherapy (determined by the need for blood component therapy and the number of febrile neutropenic episodes) and serum cobalamin and folate levels. Results OS was significantly higher in children with ALL at diagnosis (n=23) compared to controls (n=19). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) TAC levels (mM) were significantly lower (1.21 (1.05-1.26) versus 1.28 (1.26-1.32), P=0.006), and TBARS levels (nmol/mL) were significantly higher (312.0 (216.6-398.0) versus 58.5 (46.2-67.2), P<0.001) in children with ALL at diagnosis compared to controls. OS was highest at the end of the induction I phase (four weeks) despite the patients being in clinical and hematological remission. OS at the completion of intensive chemotherapy (16 weeks) was higher than at diagnosis. A significant correlation was found between serum folate levels and TAC levels at baseline (P=0.03). Serum cobalamin levels, the need for blood component therapy, and the number of febrile neutropenic episodes did not have any association with OS. Conclusion Children with ALL had significantly higher OS compared to controls, indicating that underlying disease affects the oxidative balance unfavorably. Chemotherapy itself increases oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Chaudhary
- Pediatrics and Child Health, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, IND
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, IND
| | - Pooja Dewan
- Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, IND
| | - Sunil Gomber
- Pediatrics/Oncology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, IND
| | - Rafat S Ahmed
- Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, IND
| | - Mrinalini Kotru
- Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, IND
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Lopez-Mendez TB, Strippoli R, Trionfetti F, Calvo P, Cordani M, Gonzalez-Valdivieso J. Clinical Trials Involving Chemotherapy-Based Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17831-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Bartolucci D, Montemurro L, Raieli S, Lampis S, Pession A, Hrelia P, Tonelli R. MYCN Impact on High-Risk Neuroblastoma: From Diagnosis and Prognosis to Targeted Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4421. [PMID: 36139583 PMCID: PMC9496712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among childhood cancers, neuroblastoma is the most diffuse solid tumor and the deadliest in children. While to date, the pathology has become progressively manageable with a significant increase in 5-year survival for its less aggressive form, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) remains a major issue with poor outcome and little survivability of patients. The staging system has also been improved to better fit patient needs and to administer therapies in a more focused manner in consideration of pathology features. New and improved therapies have been developed; nevertheless, low efficacy and high toxicity remain a staple feature of current high-risk neuroblastoma treatment. For this reason, more specific procedures are required, and new therapeutic targets are also needed for a precise medicine approach. In this scenario, MYCN is certainly one of the most interesting targets. Indeed, MYCN is one of the most relevant hallmarks of HR-NB, and many studies has been carried out in recent years to discover potent and specific inhibitors to block its activities and any related oncogenic function. N-Myc protein has been considered an undruggable target for a long time. Thus, many new indirect and direct approaches have been discovered and preclinically evaluated for the interaction with MYCN and its pathways; a few of the most promising approaches are nearing clinical application for the investigation in HR-NB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Montemurro
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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The extracellular matrix of hematopoietic stem cell niches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114069. [PMID: 34838648 PMCID: PMC8860232 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive overview of different classes of ECM molecules in the HSC niche. Overview of current knowledge on role of biophysics of the HSC niche. Description of approaches to create artificial stem cell niches for several application. Importance of considering ECM in drug development and testing.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the life-long source of all types of blood cells. Their function is controlled by their direct microenvironment, the HSC niche in the bone marrow. Although the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the niche by orchestrating niche architecture and cellular function is widely acknowledged, it is still underexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the ECM in HSC niches. For this purpose, we first briefly outline HSC niche biology and then review the role of the different classes of ECM molecules in the niche one by one and how they are perceived by cells. Matrix remodeling and the emerging importance of biophysics in HSC niche function are discussed. Finally, the application of the current knowledge of ECM in the niche in form of artificial HSC niches for HSC expansion or targeted differentiation as well as drug testing is reviewed.
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9
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Wang J, Zhou P, Han Y, Zhang H. Platelet transfusion for cancer secondary thrombocytopenia: Platelet and cancer cell interaction. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101022. [PMID: 33545547 PMCID: PMC7868729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy and autoimmune disorder often lead to secondary thrombocytopenia in cancer patients, and thus, platelet transfusion is needed to stop or prevent bleeding. However, the effect of platelet transfusion remains controversial for the lack of agreement on transfusion strategies. Before being transfused, platelets are stored in blood banks, and their activation is usually stimulated. Increasing evidence shows activated platelets may promote metastasis and the proliferation of cancer cells, while cancer cells also induce platelet activation. Such a vicious cycle of interaction between activated platelets and cancer cells is harmful for the prognosis of cancer patients, which results in an increased tumor recurrence rate and decreased five-year survival rate. Therefore, it is important to explore platelet transfusion strategies, summarize mechanisms of interaction between platelets and tumor cells, and carefully evaluate the pros and cons of platelet transfusion for better treatment and prognosis for patients with cancer with secondary thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Class 2016 Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Gonzalez-Valdivieso J, Girotti A, Schneider J, Arias FJ. Advanced nanomedicine and cancer: Challenges and opportunities in clinical translation. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120438. [PMID: 33662472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has reached pandemic dimensions in the whole world. Although current medicine offers multiple treatment options against cancer, novel therapeutic strategies are needed due to the low specificity of chemotherapeutic drugs, undesired side effects and the presence of different incurable types of cancer. Among these new strategies, nanomedicine arises as an encouraging approach towards personalized medicine with high potential for present and future cancer patients. Therefore, nanomedicine aims to develop novel tools with wide potential in cancer treatment, imaging or even theranostic purposes. Even though numerous preclinical studies have been published with successful preliminary results, promising nanosystems have to face multiple obstacles before adoption in clinical practice as safe options for patients with cancer. In this MiniReview, we provide a short overview on the latest advances in current nanomedicine approaches, challenges and promising strategies towards more accurate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gonzalez-Valdivieso
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Alessandra Girotti
- BIOFORGE Research Group (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Schneider
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Valladolid, School of Medicine, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Arias
- Smart Biodevices for NanoMed Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Song J, Liu T, Yin Y, Zhao W, Lin Z, Yin Y, Lu D, You F. The deubiquitinase OTUD1 enhances iron transport and potentiates host antitumor immunity. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51162. [PMID: 33393230 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although iron is required for cell proliferation, iron-dependent programmed cell death serves as a critical barrier to tumor growth and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that iron-mediated lipid oxidation also facilitates immune eradication of cancer. However, the regulatory mechanisms of iron metabolism in cancer remain unclear. Here we identify OTUD1 as the deubiquitinase of iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 (IREB2), selectively reduced in colorectal cancer. Clinically, downregulation of OTUD1 is highly correlated with poor outcome of cancer. Mechanistically, OTUD1 promotes transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC)-mediated iron transportation through deubiquitinating and stabilizing IREB2, leading to increased ROS generation and ferroptosis. Moreover, the presence of OTUD1 promotes the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which in turn recruits the leukocytes and strengthens host immune response. Reciprocally, depletion of OTUD1 limits tumor-reactive T-cell accumulation and exacerbates colon cancer progression. Our data demonstrate that OTUD1 plays a stimulatory role in iron transportation and highlight the importance of OTUD1-IREB2-TFRC signaling axis in host antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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12
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Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:725-741. [PMID: 32760014 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutics have been developed into clinically useful agents based on their ability to preferentially kill malignant cells, generally owing to their elevated proliferation rate. Nonetheless, the clinical activity of various chemotherapies is now known to involve the stimulation of anticancer immunity either by initiating the release of immunostimulatory molecules from dying cancer cells or by mediating off-target effects on immune cell populations. Understanding the precise immunological mechanisms that underlie the efficacy of chemotherapy has the potential not only to enable the identification of superior biomarkers of response but also to accelerate the development of synergistic combination regimens that enhance the clinical effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) relative to their effectiveness as monotherapies. Indeed, accumulating evidence supports the clinical value of combining appropriately dosed chemotherapies with ICIs. In this Review, we discuss preclinical and clinical data on the immunostimulatory effects of conventional chemotherapeutics in the context of ICI-based immunotherapy.
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13
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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Enhanced the Antitumor Effects of 5-Fluorouracil against Gastric Cancer through Its Upregulation of NKG2D/MICA. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4564213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is one of the frequently used first-line cytotoxic drugs for chemotherapy against gastric cancer. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are currently the main methods for treating gastric cancer. Immunotherapy can enhance the antitumor effect of chemotherapy drugs at the same time reducing its toxicity. The combination of these two therapies to treat cancer has become a mainstay and has received increasing attention in clinical practice. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is isolated from the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body. Studies have shown that GLP has antitumor effects, where GLP does not directly kill tumors, rather exerting its antitumor function by stimulating immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. In this study, the antitumor effect of GLP combined with 5-Fu was studied in vivo. At the same time, the associated mechanism of GLP combined with 5-Fu in gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and SGC7901 was investigated in vitro. The results showed that GLP could stimulate the killing effect of NK-92 cells on gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and SGC7901 and synergistically enhance the toxic effects of NK-92 cells on gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and SGC7901. Moreover, GLP could further promote the activity of NK-92 cells by activating the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D and its downstream DAP10/PI3K/ERK signaling pathway.
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14
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Yan M, Cai A, Li J, Xin M, Liu M, Wang C, Wei G. Preparation of β-CD-DPPE-Dox Nanomedicine and Its' Application as the Anticancer and Antitumor Drug. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13670. [PMID: 31541178 PMCID: PMC6754386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
β-CD-DPPE molecule was synthesized through the conjugation of β-CD-NH2 and the DPPE molecule, and its' water-solubility was more excellent than the traditional phospholipid molecule. The spherical micelles was formed by β-CD-DPPE molecule in aqueous solution, and the β-CD-DPPE-Dox nanomedicine can be prepared through loading Dox (Doxorubicin) into the micelles, and the Dox loading ratio was about 82.3 ± 7.27%. At the same time the Dox release behavior from the nanomedicine was sustained-release and pH controlled release, and the release test in vitro showed that the release rate of the Dox at the lower pH was faster than that of normal pH (pH = 7.4), which indicated that the rate of release in the tumor microenvironment is faster than in the normal tissue. Biological test showed that the micelles was low cytotoxicity, and the cytotoxicity of β-CD-DPPE-Dox nanomedicine was lower than the Dox under the same Dox concentration, and the β-CD-DPPE-Dox nanomedicine could effectively induce cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit the tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Anran Cai
- Department of Pharmacy Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Meixiu Xin
- Department of Pharmacy Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mingying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Guangcheng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy Science, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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15
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Yi-qi-yang-yin-tian-sui-fang enhances cisplatin-induced tumor eradication and inhibits interleukin-7 reduction in non-small cell lung cancer. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190052. [PMID: 31138762 PMCID: PMC6597844 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been recognized to be conducive to enhancing the efficiency and reducing the side effects in the whole course of cancer treatment. The mechanisms of TCM/chemotherapy combination involved with interleukin-7 (IL-7) potentially enhance immune responses against tumor. In the present study, we emphasized on a herbal formulation Yi-qi-yang-yin-tian-sui-fang or TCM for short, and investigated its roles in chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The mice bared with tumor were treated with cisplatin (DDP) and simultaneously administrated with/without low, medium and high doses of TCMs (effective content: 0.5, 2.0 and 8.0 g/per mice) via oral gavage. The results indicated that combination of TCM further elevated the therapy efficiency of DDP in a dose-dependent manner. The growth of tumor cells was estimated by Ki-67 stain and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The addition of TCM to the DDP treatment could significantly decrease the expression of Ki-67 and promote the apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition, the serum IL-7 level was down-regulated by DDP but restored by the treatment of TCM. The expression of IL-7 and its receptor IL-7R in tumor tissues was also recovered by TCM. Furthermore, the side effect from bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression) induced by DDP were assessed. TCM could abrogate DDP-induced apoptosis of bone marrow and also remarkably induced the expressions of IL-7 and hematopoietic growth factors including G-CSF, GM-CSF, SCF, and SDF-1 in bone marrow. These data indicated that this TCM combined with DDP showed superior anti-tumor effects with reduced myelosuppression via up-regulating IL-7.
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Aagaard T, Roen A, Reekie J, Daugaard G, Brown PDN, Specht L, Sengeløv H, Mocroft A, Lundgren J, Helleberg M. Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Febrile Neutropenia After Chemotherapy in Patients With Cancer: The FENCE Score. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky053. [PMID: 31360873 PMCID: PMC6649794 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Febrile neutropenia (FN) after chemotherapy causes a high burden of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to develop and validate a risk score to predict FN in the first cycle of chemotherapy. METHODS We included patients with solid cancers and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas at Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2010-2016. Predictors of FN were analyzed using Poisson regression and random split-sampling. RESULTS Among 6294 patients in the derivation cohort, 360 developed FN. Female sex, older age, cancer type, disease stage, low albumin, elevated bilirubin, low creatinine clearance, infection before chemotherapy, and number of and type of chemotherapy drugs predicted FN. Compared with those at low risk (n = 2520, 40.0%), the incidence rate ratio of developing FN was 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9 to 8.1), 8.7 (95% CI = 5.3 to 14.1) and 24.0 (95% CI = 15.2 to 38.0) in the intermediate (n = 1294, 20.6%), high (n = 1249, 19.8%) and very high (n = 1231, 19.6%) risk groups, respectively, corresponding to a number needed to treat with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors to avoid one FN event in the first cycle of 284, 60, 34 and 14. The discriminatory ability (Harrell's C-statistic = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.82) was similar in the validation cohort (n = 3163) (0.79, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.82). CONCLUSION We developed and internally validated a risk score for FN in the first cycle of chemotherapy. The FENCE score is available online and provides good differentiation of risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theis Aagaard
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ashley Roen
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Reekie
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter de Nully Brown
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sengeløv
- Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Mocroft
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Helleberg
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ke M, Wang H, Zhou Y, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Dou J, Xi T, Shen B, Zhou C. SEP enhanced the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil by up-regulating NKG2D/MICA and reversed immune suppression via inhibiting ROS and caspase-3 in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49509-49526. [PMID: 27385218 PMCID: PMC5226525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the main remedies used in cancer treatment. Because immunotherapy can not only reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutics but also enhance antitumor effects in vivo, combining these two therapies is a trend that continues to gain more attention in clinic. SEP, a polysaccharide isolated from Strongylocentrotus nudus egg, has been reported to display antitumor activity by stimulating immune cells, including NK and T cells, via TLR2 and TLR4. In the present study, the synergistic effect between SEP and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a traditional cytotoxic drug, in vitro and in vivo was investigated. The results obtained indicated that SEP alone stimulated NK-92 cytotoxicity and coordinated with 5-FU to augment the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells against HepG-2 or A549 cells in vitro. SEP promoted NK-92 activity by stimulating NKG2D and its downstream DAP10/PI3K/Erk signaling pathway. Additionally, 5-FU could increase MICA expression on HepG-2 or A549 cells and prevent membrane MICA from shedding as soluble MICA, which were abrogated in the tumor cells transfected with ADAM 10 overexpression plasmid. Moreover, in H22- or Lewis lung cancer (LLC)-bearing mouse models, SEP reversed 5-FU-induced atrophy and apoptosis in both the spleen and bone marrow in vivo by suppressing ROS generation and caspase-3 activation. All of these results highlight the potential for the combination of SEP and 5-FU in cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.,Research Institute of Advanced Surgical Techniques and Engineering of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jingwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Jie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
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De Silva E, Kim H. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: Focus on platelet apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:1-11. [PMID: 29410286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a serious and potentially fatal complication of drug therapy that results either from a decrease in bone marrow platelet production or the excessive destruction of circulating platelets. Although multiple mechanisms are responsible for deregulated platelet clearance, the role of programmed platelet death (apoptosis) in drug-induced thrombocytopenia has been relatively under-investigated until recently. Here we review apoptotic signaling pathways in platelets, with a focus on current data that provide mechanistic insights into drug-induced apoptosis and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoli De Silva
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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19
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Sun C, Yang J, Pan L, Guo N, Li B, Yao J, Wang M, Qi C, Zhang G, Liu Z. Improvement of icaritin on hematopoietic function in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 40:25-34. [PMID: 29077519 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1392564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Icaritin (ICT), an intestinal metabolite of prenylflavonoids from Herba Epimedii, has been known to regulate many immune processes. But there are little studies of ICT on hematopoietic function. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the improvement of ICT on hematopoietic function in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced myelosuppression mice. METHODS Mice were given CTX (50 mg/kg) by i.p. for five days to produce bone marrow depression model. 48 h after last treated with CTX, ICT was administrated at 10 mg/kg/d by p.o. for five days. Blood routine, body weight, thymus index and spleen index were tested. The bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), cell cycle and apoptosis of HSCs were quantified by flow cytometry. The bone marrow nucleated cells were counted by an automated cell counter. The histology of femoral bone was examined by Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Serum erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) were tested by ELISA kit. RESULTS ICT (10 mg/kg) protected against CTX-induced myelosuppression, is evidenced by increased blood cell numbers, body weight, thymus index, spleen index and improved femoral bone morphology. ICT corrected the reduction of bone marrow HSCs and HPCs, promoted bone marrow HSCs entering the proliferative cycle phase and prevented cells proceeding to the apoptosis phase. Meanwhile, ICT increased the release of G-CSF and TPO in model mice serum. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that ICT improves myelosuppression by improving bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs, inhibiting the apoptosis of HSCs and stimulating the expression of G-CSF and TPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Lihong Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Na Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Bingbing Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Mingzhi Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Changpeng Qi
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Zhong Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
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Xu T, Cui T, Peng L, Kong S, Zou J, Tian X. The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of Mel-P15 is mediated by natural killer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6901-6906. [PMID: 29163709 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mel-P15 is a peptide derived from melittin, the main toxic component in the venom of the European honeybee Apis mellifera. In the present study, the antitumor effects of Mel-P15 and the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects in vivo were investigated. Mel-P15 directly stimulated natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in vitro, which was increased to 55.45% at a 4 µg/ml dose of Mel-P15. In the mouse liver cancer (H22) xenograft mice model, Mel-P15 suppressed tumor growth in vivo; the tumor inhibitory rate was 61.15% following treatment with 2 mg/kg Mel-P15. In addition, the immune response was activated following Mel-P15 treatment. Mel-P15 treatment increased the spleen and thymus indices, promoted splenocyte proliferation, stimulated NK cytotoxicity and upregulated the secretion of cytokines, including interleukin-2, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, the tumor inhibitory effect of Mel-P15 on BEL-7402-bearing nude mice was abrogated by the selective depletion of NK cells via the intraperitoneal injection of an anti-asialo GM-1 antibody. The results suggest that Mel-P15 inhibits tumor growth in vivo by promoting NK cell cytotoxicity. Mel-P15 may therefore be a potential immunotherapy candidate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Tongxing Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lipan Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xingsong Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Zhu C, Wang Y, Wang X, Bai C, Su D, Cao B, Xu J. Profiling chemotherapy-associated myelotoxicity among Chinese gastric cancer population receiving cytotoxic conventional regimens: epidemiological features, timing, predictors and clinical impacts. J Cancer 2017; 8:2614-2625. [PMID: 28900499 PMCID: PMC5595091 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aim to evaluate the epidemiological features, timing, predictors and clinical impacts of chemotherapy-associated myelotoxicity in Chinese gastric cancer population receiving six established cytotoxic conventional regimens (CF/XP, EC(O)F/EC(O)X, DC(O)F/DC(O)X, PC(O)F/PC(O)X, FOLFOX4, or mFOLFOX7/XELOX). Patients and methods: A 4-year multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted in multiple hospitals/institutes spanning three major regions in China. A total of 1,285 patients with gastric cancer, treated with six selected regimens between 2010 and 2014 were included. Kaplan-meier analysis was applied to estimate the time to develop myelotoxicity events for each regimen. Multivariable logistic regression model was built to identify predictors associated with chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity, evaluating detailed specific factors of patients, disease and treatment patterns. Results: Triplet regimens were associated with more moderate-to-severe myelotoxicity events than doublet regimens. DC(O)F/DC(O)X group presented with moderate-to-severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia earlier than other regimen groups, with median time of 3.5, 4.8 and 3.3 cycles, respectively. PC(O)F/PC(O)X group had a shortest time to develop Moderate-to-Severe neutropenia (median time, 3.3 cycles). Multivariate analysis identified several independent predictors for moderate-to-severe myelotoxicity, including: baseline Hb<12.0 g/dL, male gender, KPS<80, previously treated with surgery, tumor located at gastroesophageal junction(GEJ), DC(O)F/DC(O)X regimen, palliative intent, triplet combination therapy and No. of cycles received≥4. Dose reductions≥20% occurred in 16.7% of patients and treatment delays≥7 days presented in 21.1% of patients, resulting in patients receiving an actual average Relative Dose Intensity (RDI) of 0.733. Conclusions: Myelotoxicity events were frequently observed within the gastric cancer population undertaking multicycle polychemotherapy. Predictive models based on risk factors identified for moderate-to-severe myelotoxicity should enable the targeted use of appropriate supportive care in an effort to facilitate the delivery of full chemotherapy doses on schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Zhu
- Beijing 307 People's Liberation Army Hospital Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing 307 People's Liberation Army Hospital Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- Oncology Department, No. Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Beijing 307 People's Liberation Army Hospital Cancer Centre, Beijing, China
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22
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Moots RJ, Sebba A, Rigby W, Ostor A, Porter-Brown B, Donaldson F, Dimonaco S, Rubbert-Roth A, van Vollenhoven R, Genovese MC. Effect of tocilizumab on neutrophils in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: pooled analysis of data from phase 3 and 4 clinical trials. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:541-549. [PMID: 28013198 PMCID: PMC5410975 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate changes in neutrophil count and occurrences of infection in RA patients treated with the IL-6 receptor-α inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ). Methods Data were pooled from patients who received i.v. TCZ (4 mg/kg + MTX, 8 mg/kg ± DMARDs, 10 mg/kg) or placebo + DMARDs in phase 3/4 clinical trials, long-term extensions or a pharmacology study. Neutrophil counts were measured routinely according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events grades; TCZ dosing was adjusted if necessary. Covariates associated with decreased neutrophil counts were assessed with multivariate regression analysis. Infection rates within 30 days of neutrophil count changes were calculated per 100 patient-years of TCZ exposure. Results In placebo-controlled parts of trials, more TCZ-treated than placebo-treated patients had grade 1/2 or 3/4 neutrophil counts (TCZ: 28.2%/3.1%; placebo: 8.9%/0.2%). In placebo-controlled trials + long-term extensions, 4171 patients provided 16204.8 patient-years of TCZ exposure. Neutrophil counts decreased through week 6 from baseline [mean ( s . d .) change, -2.17 (2.16) × 10 9 /l) and remained stable thereafter. Rates (95% CI) of serious infections within 30 days of normal [4.66 (4.31, 5.03)], grade 1/2 [2.48 (1.79, 3.34)] and 3/4 [2.77 (0.34, 10.01)] neutrophil counts were similar. Baseline neutrophil count <2 × 10 9 /l and female gender were associated with grade 3/4 neutrophil counts [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 19.02 (6.76, 53.52), 2.55 (1.40, 4.66)]. Patients who stopped TCZ in response to decreased neutrophil count returned more quickly to normal levels than patients who reduced or continued their dose. Conclusion Decreases in neutrophil counts in patients taking TCZ do not appear to be associated with serious infections and are normalized by current risk mitigation guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Moots
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anthony Sebba
- Department of Rheumatology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - William Rigby
- Medicine/Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Andrew Ostor
- Department of Rheumatology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark C Genovese
- Division of Rheumatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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An aptamer-based targeted delivery of miR-26a protects mice against chemotherapy toxicity while suppressing tumor growth. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1107-1119. [PMID: 29296753 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017004705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of traditional chemotherapy is limited by its toxicity, especially with regard to hematopoiesis. Here we show that miR-26a plays a critical role in protecting mice against chemotherapy-induced myeloid suppression by targeting a proapoptotic protein (Bak1) in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Because c-Kit is expressed at high levels in HSPCs, we designed a microRNA-aptamer chimera that contains miR-26a mimic and c-Kit-targeting aptamer and successfully delivered miR-26a into HSPCs to attenuate toxicity of 5' fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin. Meanwhile, our in silico analysis revealed widespread and prognosis-associated downregulation of miR-26a in advanced breast cancer and also showed that KIT is overexpressed among basal-like breast cancer cells and that such expression is associated with poor prognosis. Importantly, the miR-26a aptamer effectively repressed tumor growth in vivo and synergized with 5-FU or carboplatin in cancer therapy in the mouse breast cancer models. Thus, targeted delivery of miR-26a suppresses tumor growth while protecting the host against myelosuppression by chemotherapy.
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24
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MacEwan SR, Chilkoti A. From Composition to Cure: A Systems Engineering Approach to Anticancer Drug Carriers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6712-6733. [PMID: 28028871 PMCID: PMC6372097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular complexity and heterogeneity of cancer has led to a persistent, and as yet unsolved, challenge to develop cures for this disease. The pharmaceutical industry focuses the bulk of its efforts on the development of new drugs, but an alternative approach is to improve the delivery of existing drugs with drug carriers that can manipulate when, where, and how a drug exerts its therapeutic effect. For the treatment of solid tumors, systemically delivered drug carriers face significant challenges that are imposed by the pathophysiological barriers that lie between their site of administration and their site of therapeutic action in the tumor. Furthermore, drug carriers face additional challenges in their translation from preclinical validation to clinical approval and adoption. Addressing this diverse network of challenges requires a systems engineering approach for the rational design of optimized carriers that have a realistic prospect for translation from the laboratory to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R MacEwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Research Triangle MRSEC, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Present address: Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, P.O. Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Research Triangle MRSEC, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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25
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MacEwan SR, Chilkoti A. Von der Zusammensetzung zur Heilung: ein systemtechnischer Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Trägern für Tumortherapeutika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. MacEwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University; P.O. Box 90281 Durham NC 27708 USA
- Research Triangle MRSEC; Durham NC 27708 USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering; University of Chicago; Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University; P.O. Box 90281 Durham NC 27708 USA
- Research Triangle MRSEC; Durham NC 27708 USA
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Basu A, Bhattacharjee A, Samanta A, Bhattacharya S. An oxovanadium(IV) complex protects murine bone marrow cells against cisplatin-induced myelotoxicity and DNA damage. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:359-367. [PMID: 27868436 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1237522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the first-line anticancer drugs that has gained widespread use against various forms of human malignancies. But, the therapeutic outcome of CDDP therapy is limited due to its adverse effects including myelotoxicity and DNA damage which may lead to the subsequent risk of developing secondary cancer. Hence, in search of a suitable cytoprotectant, this study investigated the probable protective efficacy of an oxovanadium(IV) complex, namely oxovanadium(IV)-L-cysteine methyl ester complex (VC-IV) against CDDP-induced myelosuppression and genotoxic damage in the bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. CDDP was administered intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg b.w.) and VC-IV was administered orally (1 mg/kg b.w.) in concomitant and 7 d pretreatment schedule. Treatment with VC-IV in CDDP-treated mice significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced bone marrow cell proliferation and inhibited cell death in the bone marrow niche indicating improvement of CDDP-induced myelotoxicity. The organovanadium compound also significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the percentage of chromosomal aberrations, the frequency of micronuclei formation, and the extent of DNA damage. The observed chemoprotective effect of VC-IV was attributed to its anti-oxidant efficacy which significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated CDDP-induced generation of free radicals, and restored (p < 0.01) the levels of oxidized and reduced glutathione. Hence, VC-IV may serve as a promising candidate for future development to decrease the deleterious effects of CDDP in the bone marrow cells of cancer patients and associated secondary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Basu
- a Department of Cancer Chemoprevention , Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, West Bengal , India and
| | - Arin Bhattacharjee
- a Department of Cancer Chemoprevention , Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, West Bengal , India and
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- b Division of Microbiology , Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University , Kolkata, West Bengal , India
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- a Department of Cancer Chemoprevention , Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute , Kolkata, West Bengal , India and
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Hasni D, Siregar KB, Lim H. The influence of glutathion S-transferase P-1 polymorphism A313G rs1695 on the susceptibility to cyclophosphamide hematologic toxicity in Indonesian patients. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2016. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v25i2.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy often causes side effects such as hematologic toxicity. The degree of toxicity is often associated with genetic polymorphism. This study aims to determine the influence of GSTP1 A313G polymorphism, an enzyme responsible for detoxifying cyclophosphamid, on incidence and severity of cyclophosphamid hematologic toxicity.Methods: 91 Indonesian females diagnosed with breast cancer at Haji Adam Malik Central General Hospital, Medan, receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin/epirubicin and 5-FU were included in this retrospective cohort study. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and GSTP1 A313G genotyping was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype deviation and allele frequencies were also determined by Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The degrees of hematologic toxicity (leucopenia and neutropenia data after chemotherapy cycles 1 and 3) were collected from the patient medical records. The data were analyzed using chi-square test.Results: 60.4% of the patients had the wildtype (A/A), while 29.7% were heterozygous (A/G), and 9.9% were homozygous mutant (G/G). There was no significant deviation of allele and genotype frequency from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The G allele (A/G & G/G) contributes to more severe degree of leukopenia compared to patients with wild type allele (A/A) (p<0.05) after the 3rd chemotherapy cycles.Conclusion: There was association between GSTP1 polymorphism with the degree of hematologic toxicity in breast cancer patients receiving cyclophosphamide chemotherapy regimen.
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Matikas A, Georgoulias V, Kotsakis A. Emerging agents for the prevention of treatment induced neutropenia in adult cancer patients. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:157-66. [PMID: 27139914 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2016.1184646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The administration of myeloid growth factors is the only approved treatment for the prevention of chemotherapy induced neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. However, their specific indications and contraindications and potential side effects limit their application to only a relatively small subset of patients at the highest risk for complications, such as infection. AREAS COVERED A computerized systematic literature search was performed through Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, the Pharmaprojects database and the clinicaltrials.gov website. The shortcomings of the existing treatment approach are reviewed, along with a synopsis of the characteristics of novel agents that protect bone marrow progenitors from the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic treatment that may be used in the future as a stand-alone preventive strategy or as an adjunct to growth factors. EXPERT OPINION There is an abundance of agents undergoing evaluation for the prevention of treatment-induced neutropenia. The appropriate selection of patients, the optimization of the use of existing agents and the increasing competition from biosimilars which likely ensure future decreases in healthcare costs are essential for growth factors to retain their dominant position in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Matikas
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University General Hospital of Heraklion , Heraklion , Greece.,b Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) , Athens , Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- b Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) , Athens , Greece.,c Department of Medical Oncology , IASO General , Athens , Greece
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- a Department of Medical Oncology , University General Hospital of Heraklion , Heraklion , Greece.,b Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG) , Athens , Greece
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Koinis F, Nintos G, Georgoulias V, Kotsakis A. Therapeutic strategies for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with solid tumors. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:1505-19. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1055248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Xiao X, Luo H, Vanek KN, LaRue AC, Schulte BA, Wang GY. Catalase inhibits ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1342-51. [PMID: 25603016 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic toxicity is a major cause of mortality in radiation emergency scenarios and a primary side effect concern in patients undergoing chemo-radiotherapy. Therefore, there is a critical need for the development of novel and more effective approaches to manage this side effect. Catalase is a potent antioxidant enzyme that coverts hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and water. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of catalase as a protectant against ionizing radiation (IR)-induced toxicity in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The results revealed that catalase treatment markedly inhibits IR-induced apoptosis in murine hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. Subsequent colony-forming cell and cobble-stone area-forming cell assays showed that catalase-treated HSPCs can not only survive irradiation-induced apoptosis but also have higher clonogenic capacity, compared with vehicle-treated cells. Moreover, transplantation of catalase-treated irradiated HSPCs results in high levels of multi-lineage and long-term engraftments, whereas vehicle-treated irradiated HSPCs exhibit very limited hematopoiesis reconstituting capacity. Mechanistically, catalase treatment attenuates IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks and inhibits reactive oxygen species. Unexpectedly, we found that the radioprotective effect of catalase is associated with activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 abolishes the protective activity of catalase, suggesting that catalase may protect HSPCs against IR-induced toxicity via promoting STAT3 activation. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unrecognized mechanism by which catalase inhibits IR-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,2Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,3Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth N Vanek
- 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,5Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, South Carolina.,6Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program of the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bradley A Schulte
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,6Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program of the Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Li IC, Chen YL, Chen WP, Lee LY, Tsai YT, Chen CC, Chen CS. Genotoxicity profile of erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:1195-1201. [PMID: 28962329 PMCID: PMC5598247 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
EAHE mycelium was standardized to have 5 mg/g erinacine A and was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, LC-MSMS, and HPLC. No adverse or test article-related differences were observed during the study. EAHE mycelium is non-genotoxic in a three standard battery of tests.
Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus) has a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of gastric disorders. Recently, it has become a well-established candidate in causing positive brain and nerve health-related activities by inducing nerve growth factor (NGF) from its bioactive ingredient, erinacine A. This active compound, which exists only in fermented mycelium but not in its fruiting body, increases NGF levels in astroglial cells in vitro as well as catecholamine and NGF levels in vivo. With increasing recognition of erinacine A in H. erinaceus (EAHE) mycelium improving neurodegenerative diseases, numerous products are being marketed based on these functional claims. To our knowledge, there have been no reports on the mutagenicity of EAHE prior to this paper. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the mutagenicity and genotoxicity effects of EAHE mycelium conducted in three standard battery of tests (reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and micronuclei tests) according to the latest guidelines in order to meet all international regulatory requirements and provide information on the safety of this new and promising natural remedy. Our results have indicated that EAHE mycelium did not significantly increase the number of revertant colonies in the bacterial reverse mutation test nor induce higher frequency of aberrations in the chromosome aberration test. Moreover, no statistically significant EAHE mycelium-related increase was observed in the incidence of reticulocytes per 1000 red blood cells and micronucleated reticulocytes per 1000 reticulocytes. In conclusion, the three standard battery of tests suggested that EAHE mycelium was devoid of mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the tested doses and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Li
- Grape King Biotechnology Inc., Zhong-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lien Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Li-Ya Lee
- Grape King Biotechnology Inc., Zhong-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ting Tsai
- Testing Center, Super Laboratory Inc., Taipei 24890, Taiwan
| | | | - Chin-Shuh Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Xiong YA, Yu QN, Zou JB, He YH, Zhang SJ, Xu RC, Yang M. Protective Effects of Tannins in Sanguisorbae Radix on Myelosuppression Mice. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Genotoxicity assessment of multispecies probiotics using reverse mutation, mammalian chromosomal aberration, and rodent micronucleus tests. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:254239. [PMID: 24250262 PMCID: PMC3821919 DOI: 10.1155/2013/254239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity assessment is carried out on freeze dried powder of cultured probiotics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus LCR177, Bifidobacterium adolescentis BA286, and Pediococcus acidilactici PA318. Ames tests, in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus tests in mouse peripheral blood are performed. For 5 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, the Ames tests show no increased reverse mutation upon exposure to the test substance. In CHO cells, the frequency of chromosome aberration does not increase in responding to the treatment of probiotics. Likewise, the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in probiotics-fed mice is indistinguishable from that in the negative control group. Taken together, the toxicity assessment studies suggest that the multispecies probiotic mixture does not have mutagenic effects on various organisms.
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Maier P, Heckmann D, Spier I, Laufs S, Zucknick M, Allgayer H, Fruehauf S, Zeller WJ, Wenz F. F2A sequence linking MGMT(P140K) and MDR1 in a bicistronic lentiviral vector enables efficient chemoprotection of haematopoietic stem cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:802-10. [PMID: 23037811 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprotection of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by gene therapeutic transfer of drug-resistance genes represents the encouraging approach to prevent myelosuppression, which is one of the most severe side effects in tumor therapy. Thus, we cloned and evaluated six different bicistronic lentiviral SIN vectors encoding two transgenes, MGMT(P140K) (an O(6)-benzylguanine-resistant mutant of methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) and MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1), using various linker sequences (IRESEMCV, IRESFMDV and 2A-element of FMDV (F2A)). Expression of both transgenes in HL-60 and in K562 cells was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. Combination therapy with ACNU plus paclitaxel in HL-60 cells and with carmustin (BCNU) plus doxorubicin in K562 cells resulted in the most significant survival advantage of cells transduced with the lentiviral vector HR'SIN-MGMT(P140K)-F2A-MDR1 compared with untransduced cells. In human HSCs, overexpression of both transgenes by this vector also caused significantly increased survival and enrichment of transduced cells after treatment with BCNU plus doxorubicin or temozolomide plus paclitaxel. In summary, we could show significant chemoprotection by overexpression of MDR1 and MGMT(P140K) with a lentiviral vector using the F2A linker element in two different haematopoietic cell lines and in human primary HSCs with various combination regimens. Consequently, we are convinced that these in vitro investigations will help to improve combination chemotherapy regimens by reducing myelotoxic side effects and increasing the therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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35
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Bhinge KN, Gupta V, Hosain SB, Satyanarayanajois SD, Meyer SA, Blaylock B, Zhang QJ, Liu YY. The opposite effects of doxorubicin on bone marrow stem cells versus breast cancer stem cells depend on glucosylceramide synthase. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1770-8. [PMID: 22728310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myelosuppression and drug resistance are common adverse effects in cancer patients with chemotherapy, and those severely limit the therapeutic efficacy and lead treatment failure. It is unclear by which cellular mechanism anticancer drugs suppress bone marrow, while drug-resistant tumors survive. We report that due to the difference of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), catalyzing ceramide glycosylation, doxorubicin (Dox) eliminates bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and expands breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). It was found that Dox decreased the numbers of BMSCs (ABCG2(+)) and the sphere formation in a dose-dependent fashion in isolated bone marrow cells. In tumor-bearing mice, Dox treatments (5mg/kg, 6 days) decreased the numbers of BMSCs and white blood cells; conversely, those treatments increased the numbers of BCSCs (CD24(-)/CD44(+)/ESA(+)) more than threefold in the same mice. Furthermore, therapeutic-dose of Dox (1mg/kg/week, 42 days) decreased the numbers of BMSCs while it increased BCSCs in vivo. Breast cancer cells, rather than bone marrow cells, highly expressed GCS, which was induced by Dox and correlated with BCSC pluripotency. These results indicate that Dox may have opposite effects, suppressing BMSCs versus expanding BCSCs, and GCS is one determinant of the differentiated responsiveness of bone marrow and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh N Bhinge
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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Diaz-Montero CM, Wang Y, Shao L, Feng W, Zidan AA, Pazoles CJ, Montero AJ, Zhou D. The glutathione disulfide mimetic NOV-002 inhibits cyclophosphamide-induced hematopoietic and immune suppression by reducing oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1560-8. [PMID: 22343421 PMCID: PMC3341494 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidized glutathione mimetic NOV-002 is a unique anti-tumor agent that not only has the ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, survival, and invasion, but in some settings can also ameliorate cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced hematopoietic and immune suppression. However, the mechanisms by which NOV-002 protects the hematopoietic and immune systems against the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy are not known. Therefore, in this study we investigated the mechanisms of action of NOV-002 using a mouse model in which hematopoietic and immune suppression was induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment. We found that NOV-002 treatment in a clinically comparable dose regimen attenuated CTX-induced reduction in bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and reversed the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which led to a significant improvement in hematopoietic and immune functions. These effects of NOV-002 may be attributable to its ability to modulate cellular redox. This suggestion is supported by the finding that NOV-002 treatment upregulated the expression of superoxide dismutase 3 and glutathione peroxidase 2 in HSPCs, inhibited CTX-induced increases in reactive oxygen species production in HSPCs and MDSCs, and attenuated CTX-induced reduction of the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione in splenocytes. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms whereby NOV-002 modulates chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression and immune dysfunction and a stronger rationale for clinical utilization of NOV-002 to reduce chemotherapy-induced hematopoietic and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Lijian Shao
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Wei Feng
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Abdel-Aziz Zidan
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | | | - Alberto J. Montero
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
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Silvestris N, Del Re M, Azzariti A, Maiello E, Lombardi L, Cinieri S, Guarini A, Brunetti AE, Delcuratolo S, De Vita F, Pisconti S, Danesi R, Colucci G. Optimized granulocyte colony-stimulating factor prophylaxis in adult cancer patients: from biological principles to clinical guidelines. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16 Suppl 2:S111-7. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.652089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Sustained clinical cytopenia is a frequent laboratory finding in ambulatory and hospitalized patients. For pathologists and hematopathologists who examine the bone marrow (BM), a diagnosis of cytopenia secondary to an infiltrative BM process or acute leukemia can be readily established based on morphologic evaluation and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. However, it can be more challenging to establish a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In this article, the practical approaches for establishing or excluding a diagnosis of MDS (especially low-grade MDS) in patients with clinical cytopenia are discussed along with the current diagnostic recommendations provided by the World Health Organization and the International Working Group for MDS.
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Sullivan MC, Roman SA, Sosa JA. Does Chemotherapy Prior to Emergency Surgery Affect Patient Outcomes? Examination of 1912 Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19:11-8. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-1844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Sustained clinical cytopenia is a frequent laboratory finding in ambulatory and hospitalized patients. For pathologists and hematopathologists who examine the bone marrow (BM), a diagnosis of cytopenia secondary to an infiltrative BM process or acute leukemia can be readily established based on morphologic evaluation and flow cytometry immunophenotyping. However, it can be more challenging to establish a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In this article, the practical approaches for establishing or excluding a diagnosis of MDS (especially low-grade MDS) in patients with clinical cytopenia are discussed along with the current diagnostic recommendations provided by the World Health Organization and the International Working Group for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 72, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Grek CL, Townsend DM, Tew KD. The impact of redox and thiol status on the bone marrow: Pharmacological intervention strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 129:172-84. [PMID: 20951732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in cancer cell redox homeostasis provide a platform for new opportunities in the development of anticancer drugs. The control of severe dose-limiting toxicities associated with redox regulation, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression, remains a challenge. Recent evidence implicates a critical role for redox regulation and thiol balance in pathways that control myeloproliferation, hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization, and immune response. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation are dependent upon levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and niche microenvironments. Redox status and the equilibrium of free thiol:disulfide couples are important in modulating immune response and lymphocyte activation, proliferation and differentiation. This subject matter is the focus of the present review. The potential of redox modulating chemotherapeutics as myeloproliferative and immunomodulatory agents is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Grek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Targeting breast cancer stem cells. Mol Oncol 2010; 4:404-19. [PMID: 20599450 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that tumors are maintained by a self-renewing CSC population that is also capable of differentiating into non-self-renewing cell populations that constitute the bulk of the tumor. Although, the CSC hypothesis does not directly address the cell of origin of cancer, it is postulated that tissue-resident stem or progenitor cells are the most common targets of transformation. Clinically, CSCs are predicted to mediate tumor recurrence after chemo- and radiation-therapy due to the relative inability of these modalities to effectively target CSCs. If this is the case, then CSC must be efficiently targeted to achieve a true cure. Similarities between normal and malignant stem cells, at the levels of cell-surface proteins, molecular pathways, cell cycle quiescence, and microRNA signaling present challenges in developing CSC-specific therapeutics. Approaches to targeting CSCs include the development of agents targeting known stem cell regulatory pathways as well as unbiased high-throughput siRNA or small molecule screening. Based on studies of pathways present in normal stem cells, recent work has identified potential "Achilles heals" of CSC, whereas unbiased screening provides opportunities to identify new pathways utilized by CSC as well as develop potential therapeutic agents. Here, we review both approaches and their potential to effectively target breast CSC.
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Repetto L. Incidence and clinical impact of chemotherapy induced myelotoxicity in cancer patients: An observational retrospective survey. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009; 72:170-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Squalene selectively protects mouse bone marrow progenitors against cisplatin and carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity in vivo without protecting tumor growth. Neoplasia 2008; 10:1105-19. [PMID: 18813359 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalene, an isoprenoid antioxidant is a potential cytoprotective agent against chemotherapy-induced toxicity. We have previously published that squalene protects light-density bone marrow cells against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum( II) (cisplatin)-induced toxicity without protecting tumor cells in vitro. Here, we developed an in vivo mouse model of cisplatin and cis-diammine (cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato) platinum(II) (carboplatin)-induced toxicity to further investigate squalene-mediated LD-BM cytoprotection including the molecular mechanism behind selective cytoprotection. We found that squalene significantly reduced the body weight loss of cisplatin and carboplatin-treated mice. Light-density bone marrow cells from squalene-treated mice exhibited improved formation of hematopoietic colonies (colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage). Furthermore, squalene also protected mesenchymal stem cell colonies (colony-forming unit-fibroblast) from cisplatin and carboplatin-induced toxicity. Squalene-induced protection was associated with decreased reactive oxygen species and increased levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase/glutathione-S-transferase. Importantly, squalene did not protect neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma, or medulloblastoma xenografts against cisplatin-induced toxicity. These results suggest that squalene is a potential candidate for future development as a cytoprotective agent against chemotherapeutic toxicity.
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Iacovelli LM, Persson BL. Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia: Opportunities for Pharmacist Involvement. Hosp Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4306-472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This article highlights the clinical impact of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) and reviews the clinical evidence supporting the updated guideline recommendations from leading scientific organizations that focus on cancer care regarding the use of myeloid growth factors to reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) from chemotherapy. The aim is to provide insight for practicing pharmacists regarding how they can be more proactive in developing best-practice strategies for the management of CIN as well as the prevention of FN. Summary CIN, the primary dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy, is common in many tumor types that are treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy and occurs with the greatest frequency in the first cycle of treatment. Treatment with myeloid growth factors, or colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), has shown to be effective in reducing the risk, severity, and duration of FN from chemotherapy. Despite recent revisions to various clinical guidelines that have resulted in alignment on the recommendation for prophylactic CSF use in patients with a greater than or equal to 20% risk of developing FN, a gap remains between actual clinical usage and best practice. Pharmacists are key members of multidisciplinary health care teams and are uniquely positioned to evaluate current practice and develop strategies that ensure appropriate CSF use. This paper summarizes the recent changes to CSF guidelines, reviews clinical data that support those changes, and discusses strategies for pharmacist involvement in the management of CIN and FN prevention using real-world examples of improvement initiatives. Conclusion Neutropenia is a dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy that has significant implications for effective cancer treatment and patient health outcomes. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to perform various interventions, which help ensure appropriate CSF use and improve the management of CIN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandy L. Persson
- Moses Cone Health System Regional Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Marotta F, Harada M, Minelli E, Ono-Nita SK, Marandola P. "Accelerating aging" chemotherapy on aged animals: protective effect from nutraceutical modulation. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:513-7. [PMID: 18442331 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2008.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test a novel phytocompound in an experimental model of antitumor-induced immunosuppression. Five groups of mice were considered: young (Y) and aged (A) that were given intraperitoneally 10 doses of cyclophosphamide (CPX, 25mg/kg/bw) or CPX plus (150 mg/kg/bw) of the nutraceutical DTS (Denshichi-Tochiu-Sen), and control. After sacrifice, macrophage chemotaxis and serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and GM-CSF were determined. Liver and urinary bladder were examined histologically, as were the liver and kidney for redox enzymes. CPX significantly decreased macrophage chemotaxis and all cytokines (p < 0.05, A >> Y). DTS restored macrophage function and cytokine concentration (p < 0.001) and partly improved the necro-inflammatory score and substance P receptor expression in the bladder and the redox status in liver and kidney (p < 0.05). Such data suggest that DTS effectively prevents CPX-induced immune suppression and oxidative-inflammatory damage, which are particularly enhanced in aged organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marotta
- WHO Center for Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine, University of Milano, Italy.
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Heidari N, Goliaei B, Moghaddam PR, Rahbar-Roshandel N, Mahmoudian M. Apoptotic pathway induced by noscapine in human myelogenous leukemic cells. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 18:1139-47. [PMID: 17893514 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282eea257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that noscapine, an opium-derived phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid that is currently being used as an oral antitussive drug, induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells. The molecular mechanism responsible for the anticancer effects of noscapine is poorly understood. In the current study, the apoptotic effects of noscapine on two myeloid cell lines, apoptosis-proficient HL60 cells and apoptosis-resistant K562 cells, were analyzed. An increase in the activity of caspase-2, -3, -6, -8 and -9, poly(ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage, detection of phosphatidylserine on the outer layer of the cell membrane, nucleation of chromatin, and DNA fragmentation suggested the induction of apoptosis. Noscapine increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with a significant decrease of Bcl-2 expression accompanied with Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Using an inhibitory approach, the activation of the caspase cascade involved in the noscapine-induced apoptosis was analyzed. We observed no inhibitory effect of the caspase-8 inhibitor on caspase-9 activity. In view of these results and taking into consideration that K562 cells are Fas-null, we suggested that caspase-8 is activated in a Fas-independent manner downstream of caspase-9. In conclusion, noscapine can induce apoptosis in both apoptosis-proficient and apoptosis-resistant leukemic cells, and it can be a novel candidate in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Heidari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Ropka ME, Padilla G. Assessment of neutropenia-related quality of life in a clinical setting. Oncol Nurs Forum 2007; 34:403-9. [PMID: 17573304 DOI: 10.1188/07.onf.403-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine how neutropenia affects quality of life (QOL) and explore strategies to assess neutropenia-related QOL in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES Published articles, abstracts, conference proceedings, and clinical practice guidelines. DATA SYNTHESIS Neutropenia can have a detrimental effect on the QOL of patients receiving chemotherapy. A neutropenia-related QOL questionnaire can help nurses better identify patients at risk for developing neutropenia and monitor patients who already have it. In some cases, the questionnaire may be the first step in the initiation of interventions to improve patient care. Ideally, the QOL questionnaire should be easy to use, provide clinically meaningful information, and be easily adapted from existing QOL measurement tools. CONCLUSIONS Effective implementation of QOL assessments into clinical practice can lead to the initiation of interventions that may improve neutropenia-related QOL in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses can enhance their clinical judgment and affect patient treatment by implementing a questionnaire that assesses patients' neutropenia-related QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Ropka
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Schwartz RN. Anemia in patients with cancer: incidence, causes, impact, management, and use of treatment guidelines and protocols. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007; 64:S5-13; quiz S28-30. [PMID: 17244886 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence, etiology, impact, and considerations in developing guidelines for treating anemia in patients with cancer are described. SUMMARY Anemia is common in patients with cancer. The incidence and severity of anemia depend on the type and extent of the malignancy; the type, schedule, and intensity of cancer therapy; and patient age, gender, and comorbid conditions. Anemia may be the result of the malignancy itself, cancer treatment, blood losses, nutritional deficiencies, hemolysis, endocrine disorders, or inflammatory cytokines associated with chronic disease. Anemia can have a profound impact on physical and psychosocial function and quality of life. Guidelines and protocols for treating anemia should be evidence-based and take into consideration patient age, the type and extent of malignancy, comorbid conditions, and the etiology and impact of anemia. Patient-specific issues that guidelines should address include strategies for identifying patients with anemia, treating anemia, evaluating the response to treatment, and modifying treatment based on response. Erythropoietic agents are preferred over blood transfusions for patients whose anemia is chronic, although transfusions are indicated for acute, severe blood losses. Iron supplementation often is required in patients receiving erythropoietic therapy or with iron deficiency due to hemorrhage. CONCLUSION The use of evidence-based guidelines and protocols that take into consideration the heterogeneity of patients with cancer can optimize anemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena N Schwartz
- Oncology and Weinberg Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-6503, USA.
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