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Chan WYK, Fu NW, Fu ECH, Liu APY, Yan CLS, Yau JPW, Ku DTL, Lee PPW, Cheuk DKL, Shing MMK, Chan GCF, Leung W. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation followed by quadruple immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta, sargramostim, aldesleukin, and spironolactone for relapsed metastatic retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31044. [PMID: 38679862 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Y K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ng Wai Fu
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric C H Fu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony P Y Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Carol L S Yan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jeffrey P W Yau
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dennis T L Ku
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pamela P W Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Daniel K L Cheuk
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Matthew M K Shing
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Centre of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing Leung
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Rosenkrans ZT, Erbe AK, Clemons NB, Feils AS, Medina-Guevara Y, Jeffery JJ, Barnhart TE, Engle JW, Sondel PM, Hernandez R. Targeting both GD2 and B7-H3 using bispecific antibody improves tumor selectivity for GD2-positive tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595624. [PMID: 38853889 PMCID: PMC11160562 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Disialoganglioside 2 (GD2), overexpressed by cancers such as melanoma and neuroblastoma, is a tumor antigen for targeted therapy. The delivery of conventional IgG antibody technologies targeting GD2 is limited clinically by its co-expression on nerves that contributes to toxicity presenting as severe neuropathic pain. To improve the tumor selectivity of current GD2-targeting approaches, a next-generation bispecific antibody targeting GD2 and B7-H3 (CD276) was generated. Methods Differential expression of human B7-H3 (hB7-H3) was transduced into GD2+ B78 murine melanoma cells and confirmed by flow cytometry. We assessed the avidity and selectivity of our GD2-B7-H3 targeting bispecific antibodies (INV34-6, INV33-2, and INV36-6) towards GD2+/hB7-H3- B78 cells relative to GD2+/hB7-H3+ B78 cells using flow cytometry and competition binding assays, comparing results an anti-GD2 antibody (dinutuximab, DINU). The bispecific antibodies, DINU, and a non-targeted bispecific control (bsAb CTRL) were conjugated with deferoxamine for radiolabeling with Zr-89 (t1/2 = 78.4 h). Using positron emission tomography (PET) studies, we evaluated the in vivo avidity and selectivity of the GD2-B7-H3 targeting bispecific compared to bsAb CTRL and DINU using GD2+/hB7-H3+ and GD2+/hB7-H3- B78 tumor models. Results Flow cytometry and competition binding assays showed that INV34-6 bound with high avidity to GD2+/hB7-H3+ B78 cells with high avidity but not GD2+/hB7-H3+ B78 cells. In comparison, no selectivity between cell types was observed for DINU. PET in mice bearing the GD2+/hB7-H3- and GD2+/hB7-H3+ B78 murine tumor showed similar biodistribution in normal tissues for [89Zr]Zr-Df-INV34-6, [89Zr]Zr-Df-bsAb CTRL, and [89Zr]Zr-Df-DINU. Importantly, [89Zr]Zr-Df-INV34-6 tumor uptake was selective to GD2+/hB7-H3+ B78 over GD2+/hB7-H3- B78 tumors, and substantially higher to GD2+/hB7-H3+ B78 than the non-targeted [89Zr]Zr-Df-bsAb CTRL control. [89Zr]Zr-Df-DINU displayed similar uptake in both GD2+ tumor models, with uptake comparable to [89Zr]Zr-Df-INV34-6 in the GD2+/hB7-H3+ B78 model. Conclusion The GD2-B7-H3 targeting bispecific antibodies successfully improved selectivity to cells expressing both antigens. This approach should address the severe toxicities associated with GD2-targeting therapies by reducing off-tumor GD2 binding in nerves. Continued improvements in bispecific antibody technologies will continue to transform the therapeutic biologics landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Rosenkrans
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy K. Erbe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nathan B. Clemons
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Yadira Medina-Guevara
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Justin J. Jeffery
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M. Sondel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Reinier Hernandez
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Cheung IY, Mauguen A, Modak S, Basu EM, Feng Y, Kushner BH, Cheung NK. Long Prime-Boost Interval and Heightened Anti-GD2 Antibody Response to Carbohydrate Cancer Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:587. [PMID: 38932316 PMCID: PMC11209353 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate ganglioside GD2/GD3 cancer vaccine adjuvanted by β-glucan stimulates anti-GD2 IgG1 antibodies that strongly correlate with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Thirty-two patients who relapsed on the vaccine (first enrollment) were re-treated on the same vaccine protocol (re-enrollment). Titers during the first enrollment peaked by week 32 at 751 ± 270 ng/mL, which plateaued despite vaccine boosts at 1.2-4.5 month intervals. After a median wash-out interval of 16.1 months from the last vaccine dose during the first enrollment to the first vaccine dose during re-enrollment, the anti-GD2 IgG1 antibody rose to a peak of 4066 ± 813 ng/mL by week 3 following re-enrollment (p < 0.0001 by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test). Yet, these peaks dropped sharply and continually despite repeated boosts at 1.2-4.5 month intervals, before leveling off by week 20 to the first enrollment peak levels. Despite higher antibody titers, patients experienced no pain or neuropathic side effects, which were typically associated with immunotherapy using monoclonal anti-GD2 antibodies. By the Kaplan-Meier method, PFS was estimated to be 51%, and OS was 81%. The association between IgG1 titer during re-enrollment and β-glucan receptor dectin-1 SNP rs3901533 was significant (p = 0.01). A longer prime-boost interval could significantly improve antibody responses in patients treated with ganglioside conjugate cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y. Cheung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Ellen M. Basu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Yi Feng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Brian H. Kushner
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
| | - Nai Kong Cheung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; (S.M.); (E.M.B.); (Y.F.); (B.H.K.); (N.K.C.)
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Mora J, Climent A, Roldán M, Flores MC, Varo A, Perez-Jaume S, Jou C, Celma MS, Lazaro JJ, Cheung I, Castañeda A, Gorostegui M, Rodriguez E, Chamorro S, Muñoz JP, Cheung NK. Desensitizing the autonomic nervous system to mitigate anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody side effects. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1380917. [PMID: 38812778 PMCID: PMC11134175 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown to improve the overall survival of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB). Serious adverse events (AEs), including pain, within hours of antibody infusion, have limited the development of these therapies. In this study, we provide evidence of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activation as the mechanism to explain the main side effects of anti-GD2 mAbs. Methods Through confocal microscopy and computational super-resolution microscopy experiments we explored GD2 expression in postnatal nerves of infants. In patients we assessed the ANS using the Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR) test. To exploit tachyphylaxis, a novel infusion protocol (the Step-Up) was mathematically modelled and tested. Results Through confocal microscopy, GD2 expression is clearly visible in the perineurium surrounding the nuclei of nerve cells. By computational super-resolution microscopy experiments we showed the selective expression of GD2 on the cell membranes of human Schwann cells in peripheral nerves (PNs) significantly lower than on NB. In patients, changes in the SSR were observed 4 minutes into the anti-GD2 mAb naxitamab infusion. SSR latency quickly shortened followed by gradual decrease in the amplitude before disappearance. SSR response did not recover for 24 hours consistent with tachyphylaxis and absence of side effects in the clinic. The Step-Up protocol dissociated on-target off-tumor side effects while maintaining serum drug exposure. Conclusion We provide first evidence of the ANS as the principal non-tumor target of anti-GD2 mAbs in humans. We describe the development and modeling of the Step-Up protocol exploiting the tachyphylaxis phenomenon we demonstrate in patients using the SSR test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Mora
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Climent
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Roldán
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amalia Varo
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Jaume
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica S. Celma
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lazaro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, NY, United States
| | - Alicia Castañeda
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Gorostegui
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Saray Chamorro
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz
- Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, NY, United States
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Yao F, Wei P, Ma L, Zhang S. An anti-GD2 aptamer-based bifunctional spherical nucleic acid nanoplatform for synergistic therapy targeting MDM2 for retinoblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116437. [PMID: 38522240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a type of pediatric solid tumor in the fundus. The lack of precision therapies combined with the difficulty of delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the eyes means that there is currently no nucleic acid-based therapy for RB in clinical practice. Here, we reported on anti-GD2 and glutathione-responsive spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), loaded with siRNA and the inhibitor NVP-CGM097, which jointly blocked the oncogenic factor n in RB cells (Y79 and WERI-RB-1). The SNAs were formed through the self-assembly of bifunctional cholesterol amphiphiles containing aptamers that specifically targeted GD2-positive RB cells, allowing for the formation of an SNA with a dense DNA shell. The aptamer/siRNA component functioned both as a carrier and a payload, enhancing the specific recognition and delivery of both components and constituting an active agent for MDM2 regulation. Following SNA endocytosis by RB cells, siRNA and NVP-CGM097 were released from the SNA particles by glutathione, which synergistically blocked the MDM2-p53 pathway, increasing p53 protein content and inducing cell apoptosis. This study showed a potent antitumor effect following intravitreal injection of SNAs in Y79 tumor-bearing mice through clinical manifestation and tumor pathological analysis. In hematological analysis and hepatotoxicity assays, SNAs were safer for mice than melphalan, the favored drug for treating RB in clinical practice. Our results illustrated the potential of intravitreally injected SNAs as a precision medicine for treating RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, 18 Zetian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangqiao Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, 18 Zetian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengxue Wei
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, 18 Zetian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, University Town of Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangqiao Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, 18 Zetian Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518040, China.
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Keyel ME, Furr KL, Kang MH, Reynolds CP. A Multi-Color Flow Cytometric Assay for Quantifying Dinutuximab Binding to Neuroblastoma Cells in Tumor, Bone Marrow, and Blood. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6223. [PMID: 37834874 PMCID: PMC10573805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
GD2, a disialoganglioside, is present on the surface of most neuroblastomas, as well as on some other cancers, such as melanoma and osteogenic sarcoma. The anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18 (dinutuximab) has an FDA-registered indication for use as maintenance therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma with cytokines and 13-cis-retinoic acid after myeloablative therapy. Recent studies using immunohistochemistry of tumor or tumor cells in marrow have shown that some neuroblastomas are negative for GD2. Dinutuximab and other anti-GD2 antibodies are increasingly used in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy for treating relapsed neuroblastoma, so it is important to be able to identify patients with tumor cells with low GD2 expression, as such patients may experience toxicity but not benefit from the antibody therapy. As the most common clinical samples available for relapsed neuroblastoma are bone marrow aspirates, we developed a method to quantify dinutuximab binding density and the frequency of neuroblastoma cells positive for the antibody in bone marrow aspirates. Here, we describe a multi-color flow cytometry assay that employs non-GD2 antibodies to identify neuroblastoma cells in a mixed population (tumor, bone marrow, or blood) and an anti-GD2 antibody to quantify both the frequency and density of GD2 expression on neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Keyel
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (M.E.K.); (K.L.F.)
| | - Kathryn L. Furr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (M.E.K.); (K.L.F.)
| | - Min H. Kang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - C. Patrick Reynolds
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (M.E.K.); (K.L.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Effer B, Perez I, Ulloa D, Mayer C, Muñoz F, Bustos D, Rojas C, Manterola C, Vergara-Gómez L, Dappolonnio C, Weber H, Leal P. Therapeutic Targets of Monoclonal Antibodies Used in the Treatment of Cancer: Current and Emerging. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2086. [PMID: 37509725 PMCID: PMC10377242 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading global causes of death and disease, and treatment options are constantly evolving. In this sense, the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in immunotherapy has been considered a fundamental aspect of modern cancer therapy. In order to avoid collateral damage, it is indispensable to identify specific molecular targets or biomarkers of therapy and/or diagnosis (theragnostic) when designing an appropriate immunotherapeutic regimen for any type of cancer. Furthermore, it is important to understand the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy and their mechanisms of action in combating cancer. To achieve this, a comprehensive understanding of the biology of cancer cell antigens, domains, and functions is necessary, including both those presently utilized and those emerging as potential targets for the design of new mAbs in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a description of the therapeutic targets utilized in cancer immunotherapy over the past 5 years, as well as emerging targets that hold promise as potential therapeutic options in the application of mAbs for immunotherapy. Additionally, the review explores the mechanisms of actin of the currently employed mAbs in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabela Perez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carolyn Mayer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Diego Bustos
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Carlos Manterola
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos de La, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Luis Vergara-Gómez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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Feng L, Li S, Wang C, Yang J. Current Status and Future Perspective on Molecular Imaging and Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:517-529. [PMID: 36682980 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and arises from anywhere along the sympathetic nervous system. It is a highly heterogeneous disease with a wide range of prognosis, from spontaneous regression or maturing to highly aggressive. About half of pediatric neuroblastoma patients develop the metastatic disease at diagnosis, which carries a poor prognosis. Nuclear medicine plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, staging, response assessment, and long-term follow-up of neuroblastoma. And it has also played a prominent role in the treatment of neuroblastoma. Because the structure of metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is similar to that of norepinephrine, 90% of neuroblastomas are MIBG-avid. 123I-MIBG whole-body scintigraphy is the standard nuclear imaging technique for neuroblastoma, usually in combination with SPECT/CT. However, approximately 10% of neuroblastomas are MIBG nonavid. PET imaging has many technical advantages over SPECT imaging, such as higher spatial and temporal resolution, higher sensitivity, superior quantitative capability, and whole-body tomographic imaging. In recent years, various tracers have been used for imaging neuroblastoma with PET. The importance of patient-specific targeted radionuclide therapy for neuroblastoma therapy has also increased. 131I-MIBG therapy is part of the front-line treatment for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. And peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with radionuclide-labeled somatostatin analogues has been successfully used in the therapy of neuroblastoma. Moreover, radioimmunoimaging has important applications in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma, and radioimmunotherapy may provide a novel treatment modality against neuroblastoma. This review discusses the use of current and novel radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine imaging and therapy of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Lee JY, Jonus HC, Sadanand A, Branella GM, Maximov V, Suttapitugsakul S, Schniederjan MJ, Shim J, Ho A, Parwani KK, Fedanov A, Pilgrim AA, Silva JA, Schnepp RW, Doering CB, Wu R, Spencer HT, Goldsmith KC. Identification and targeting of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) as an immunotherapy candidate for neuroblastoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101091. [PMID: 37343516 PMCID: PMC10314120 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
GD2-targeting immunotherapies have improved survival in children with neuroblastoma, yet on-target, off-tumor toxicities can occur and a subset of patients cease to respond. The majority of neuroblastoma patients who receive immunotherapy have been previously treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, making it paramount to identify neuroblastoma-specific antigens that remain stable throughout standard treatment. Cell surface glycoproteomics performed on human-derived neuroblastoma tumors in mice following chemotherapy treatment identified protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) to be abundantly expressed. Furthermore, PTK7 shows minimal expression on pediatric-specific normal tissues. We developed an anti-PTK7 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and find PTK7 CAR T cells specifically target and kill PTK7-expressing neuroblastoma in vitro. In vivo, human/murine binding PTK7 CAR T cells regress aggressive neuroblastoma metastatic mouse models and prolong survival with no toxicity. Together, these data demonstrate preclinical efficacy and tolerability for targeting PTK7 and support ongoing investigations to optimize PTK7-targeting CAR T cells for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Y Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arhanti Sadanand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gianna M Branella
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor Maximov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schniederjan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiran K Parwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adeiye A Pilgrim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan A Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert W Schnepp
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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10
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Murphy JD, Axiak-Bechtel S, Milner RJ, Lejeune A, Ossiboff RJ, Gell JC, Shiomitsu K. Characterization of expression and prognostic implications of GD2 and GD3 synthase in canine histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110594. [PMID: 37058951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
GD2 and GD3 are disialoganglioside oncofetal antigens important in oncogenesis. GD2 synthase (GD2S) and GD3 synthase (GD3S) are needed for GD2 and GD3 production. The objectives of this study are to validate the use of RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®) in the detection of GD2S and GD3S in canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in vitro and optimize this technique in canine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. A secondary objective is to evaluate the prognostic significance of GD2S and GD3S on survival. Quantitative RT-PCR compared GD2S and GD3S mRNA expression between three HS cell lines followed by RNAscope® in fixed cell pellets from the DH82 cell line and FFPE tissues. Variables prognostic for survival were determined with Cox proportional hazard model. RNAscope® was validated for detection of GD2S and GD3S and optimized in FFPE tissues. GD2S and GD3S mRNA expression was variable between cell lines. GD2S and GD3S mRNA expression was detected and measured in all tumor tissues; there was no association with prognosis. GD2S and GD3S are expressed in canine HS and successfully detected using the high throughput technique of RNAscope® in FFPE samples. This study provides the foundation for future prospective research of GD2S and GD3S utilizing RNAscope®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Sandra Axiak-Bechtel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Jessy Castellanos Gell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
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11
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Yeku OO, Longo DL. CAR T Cells for Neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1328-1331. [PMID: 37018497 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2300317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo O Yeku
- From the Mass General Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School (O.O.Y.) - both in Boston
| | - Dan L Longo
- From the Mass General Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School (O.O.Y.) - both in Boston
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12
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Espinosa-Cotton M, Guo HF, Tickoo SK, Cheung NKV. Identification of immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy targets on desmoplastic small round cell tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1104693. [PMID: 37091153 PMCID: PMC10119788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Development of successful antibody-based immunotherapeutic and radioimmunotherapeutic strategies rely on the identification of cell surface tumor-associated antigens (TAA) with restricted expression on normal tissues. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and generally neglected malignancy that primarily affects adolescent and young adult males. New therapies capable of treating disseminated disease are needed for DSRCT, which is often widespread at diagnosis. Methods We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) on fresh frozen surgical specimens and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors and flow cytometry on DSRCT cell lines to evaluate expression of TAAs in these tumors. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were used to evaluate the efficacy of T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) directed at these targets. In vivo, we used an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model of DSRCT to test T-BsAbs against several TAAs. Results In DSRCT specimens we found widespread expression of B7-H3, EGFR, GD2, HER2, mesothelin, and polysialic acid, clinical targets for which specific antibody therapeutics are available. The expression of B7-H3, EGFR, HER2, and mesothelin was confirmed on the cell surface of DSRCT cell lines. In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed the efficacy of T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) directed at these targets against DSRCT cells. Remarkably, a HER2xCD3 T-BsAb was capable of completely shrinking established tumors in an intraperitoneal mouse model of DSRCT. Conclusions We propose that these TAAs should be further investigated in preclinical models as targets for immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy with the hope of providing a rationale to extend these therapies to patients with advanced DSRCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Satish K. Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Pascual-Pasto G, McIntyre B, Shraim R, Buongervino SN, Erbe AK, Zhelev DV, Sadirova S, Giudice AM, Martinez D, Garcia-Gerique L, Dimitrov DS, Sondel PM, Bosse KR. GPC2 antibody-drug conjugate reprograms the neuroblastoma immune milieu to enhance macrophage-driven therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004704. [PMID: 36460335 PMCID: PMC9723962 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that deliver cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells have emerged as an effective and safe anticancer therapy. ADCs may induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote additional endogenous antitumor immune responses. Here, we characterized the immunomodulatory properties of D3-GPC2-PBD, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer-bearing ADC that targets glypican 2 (GPC2), a cell surface oncoprotein highly differentially expressed in neuroblastoma. METHODS ADC-mediated induction of ICD was studied in GPC2-expressing murine neuroblastomas in vitro and in vivo. ADC reprogramming of the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment was profiled by RNA sequencing, cytokine arrays, cytometry by time of flight and flow cytometry. ADC efficacy was tested in combination with macrophage-driven immunoregulators in neuroblastoma syngeneic allografts and human patient-derived xenografts. RESULTS The D3-GPC2-PBD ADC induced biomarkers of ICD, including neuroblastoma cell membrane translocation of calreticulin and heat shock proteins (HSP70/90) and release of high-mobility group box 1 and ATP. Vaccination of immunocompetent mice with ADC-treated murine neuroblastoma cells promoted T cell-mediated immune responses that protected animals against tumor rechallenge. ADC treatment also reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment to a proinflammatory state in these syngeneic neuroblastoma models, with increased tumor trafficking of activated macrophages and T cells. In turn, macrophage or T-cell inhibition impaired ADC efficacy in vivo, which was alternatively enhanced by both CD40 agonist and CD47 antagonist antibodies. In human neuroblastomas, the D3-GPC2-PBD ADC also induced ICD and promoted tumor phagocytosis by macrophages, which was further enhanced when blocking CD47 signaling in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We elucidated the immunoregulatory properties of a GPC2-targeted ADC and showed robust efficacy of combination immunotherapies in diverse neuroblastoma preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brendan McIntyre
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rawan Shraim
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samantha N Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shakhnozakhon Sadirova
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna M Giudice
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Garcia-Gerique
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Fu Y, Yu J, Liatsou I, Du Y, Josefsson A, Nedrow JR, Rindt H, Bryan JN, Kraitchman DL, Sgouros G. Anti-GD2 antibody for radiopharmaceutical imaging of osteosarcoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4382-4393. [PMID: 35809088 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequently diagnosed bone cancer in children with little improvement in overall survival in the past decades. The high surface expression of disialoganglioside GD2 on OS tumors and restricted expression in normal tissues makes it an ideal target for anti-OS radiopharmaceuticals. Since human and canine OS share many biological and molecular features, spontaneously occurring OS in canines has been an ideal model for testing new imaging and treatment modalities for human translation. In this study, we evaluated a humanized anti-GD2 antibody, hu3F8, as a potential delivery vector for targeted radiopharmaceutical imaging of human and canine OS. METHODS The cross-reactivity of hu3F8 with human and canine OS cells and tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The hu3F8 was radiolabeled with indium-111, and the biodistribution of [111In]In-hu3F8 was assessed in tumor xenograft-bearing mice. The targeting ability of [111In]In-hu3F8 to metastatic OS was tested in spontaneous OS canines. RESULTS The hu3F8 cross reacts with human and canine OS cells and canine OS tumors with high binding affinity. Biodistribution studies revealed selective uptake of [111In]In-hu3F8 in tumor tissue. SPECT/CT imaging of spontaneous OS canines demonstrated avid uptake of [111In]In-hu3F8 in all metastatic lesions. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the extensive binding of radiolabeled hu3F8 within both osseous and soft lesions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting GD2 on OS cells and spontaneous OS canine tumors using hu3F8-based radiopharmaceutical imaging. Its ability to deliver an imaging payload in a targeted manner supports the utility of hu3F8 for precision imaging of OS and potential future use in radiopharmaceutical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Fu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ioanna Liatsou
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Anders Josefsson
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jessie R Nedrow
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hans Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dara L Kraitchman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - George Sgouros
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, USA.
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15
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Stagno MJ, Schmidt A, Bochem J, Urla C, Handgretinger R, Cabanillas Stanchi KM, Saup R, Queudeville M, Fuchs J, Warmann SW, Schmid E. Epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) for liquid biopsy including identification of GD2 in childhood neuroblastoma-a pilot study. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1324-1331. [PMID: 35864157 PMCID: PMC9519569 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common paediatric extracranial solid malignancy. We analysed the role of the epitope detection in monocytes (EDIM) technique for liquid biopsy in NB patients. Methods Tumour epitopes transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1), Apo10 (DNaseX) and GD2 were assessed: expression levels in seven NB tumour samples and five NB cell lines were analysed using RT-PCR and flow cytometry. LAN-1 cells were co-cultured with blood and assessed using EDIM. Peripheral blood macrophages of patients with neuroblastoma (n = 38) and healthy individuals (control group, n = 37) were labelled (CD14+/CD16+) and assessed for TKTL1, Apo10 and GD2 using the EDIM technology. Results mRNA expression of TKTL1 and DNaseX/Apo10 was elevated in 6/7 NB samples. Spike experiments showed upregulation of TKTL1, Apo10 and GD2 in LAN-1 cells following co-culturing with blood. TKTL1 and Apo10 were present in macrophages of 36/38 patients, and GD2 in 15/19 patients. The 37 control samples were all negative. EDIM expression scores of the three epitopes allowed differentiation between NB patients and healthy individuals. Conclusions The EDIM test might serve as a non-invasive tool for liquid biopsy in children suffering from NB. Future studies are necessary for assessing risk stratification, tumour biology, treatment monitoring, and early detection of tumour relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias J Stagno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bochem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Urla
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin M Cabanillas Stanchi
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rafael Saup
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manon Queudeville
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steven W Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery & Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Cecchi M, Mannini A, Lapucci A, Silvano A, Lulli M, Luceri C, D’Ambrosio M, Chiarugi A, Eid AH, Parenti A. Dexamethasone Promotes a Stem-Like Phenotype in Human Melanoma Cells via Tryptophan 2,3 Dioxygenase. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911019. [PMID: 35847038 PMCID: PMC9280025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its well-established immunosuppressive actions, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) appears to elicit direct effects on tumor cell function. Although TDO has been associated with cancer stemness, its involvement in melanoma stem cell biology remains largely unknown. Since we showed that by upregulating TDO, dexamethasone (dex) promotes proliferation and migration of SK-Mel-28 human melanoma cells, we sought to investigate dex effects on melanoma spherogenesis and stemness, and whether these events are mediated by TDO. We demonstrate here that dex significantly upregulates TDO in A375, a more aggressive melanoma cell line, confirming that dex effects are not limited to SK-Mel-28 cells. Moreover, dex stimulates spherogenesis of both cell lines, which is mediated by TDO, evident by its suppression with 680C91, a TDO inhibitor. The formed melanospheres appear to be enriched with embryonic stem cell marker mRNAs, the expression of which is potentiated by dex. Expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, ganglioside GD2) was significantly increased in A375 spheres, as detected by flow cytometry. Taken together, our results suggest that TDO could represent a promising target in the management of melanoma and that dex, routinely used as a co-medication also in advanced melanoma, may stimulate melanoma cell function/tumor-supporting properties, a rather debilitating and undesired side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Mannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Silvano
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario D’Ambrosio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarugi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ali H. Eid, ; Astrid Parenti,
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ali H. Eid, ; Astrid Parenti,
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17
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Shin HG, Yang HR, Yoon A, Lee S. Bispecific Antibody-Based Immune-Cell Engagers and Their Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5686. [PMID: 35628495 PMCID: PMC9146966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases. Harnessing the power of immune cells is a promising strategy to improve the antitumor effect of cancer immunotherapy. Recent progress in recombinant DNA technology and antibody engineering has ushered in a new era of bispecific antibody (bsAb)-based immune-cell engagers (ICEs), including T- and natural-killer-cell engagers. Since the first approval of blinatumomab by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), various bsAb-based ICEs have been developed for the effective treatment of patients with cancer. Simultaneously, several potential therapeutic targets of bsAb-based ICEs have been identified in various cancers. Therefore, this review focused on not only highlighting the action mechanism, design and structure, and status of bsAb-based ICEs in clinical development and their approval by the US FDA for human malignancy treatment, but also on summarizing the currently known and emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. This review provides insights into practical considerations for developing next-generation ICEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
| | - Aerin Yoon
- R&D Division, GC Biopharma, Yongin 16924, Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea; (H.G.S.); (H.R.Y.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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Anti-GD2 Directed Immunotherapy for High-Risk and Metastatic Neuroblastoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030358. [PMID: 35327550 PMCID: PMC8945428 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the few childhood cancers that carries a tumor-specific antigen in the form of a glycolipid antigen known as GD2. It has restricted expression in normal tissue, such as peripheral afferent nerves. Monoclonal antibodies targeting GD2 have been applied clinically to high-risk neuroblastoma with significant success. However, there are different anti-GD2 products and administration regimens. For example, anti-GD2 has been used in combination with chemotherapy during the induction phase or with retinoic acid during the maintenance stage. Regimens also vary in the choice of whether to add cytokines (i.e., IL-2, GMCSF, or both). Furthermore, the addition of an immune enhancer, such as β-glucan, or allogeneic natural killer cells also becomes a confounder in the interpretation. The question concerning which product or method of administration is superior remains to be determined. So far, most studies agree that adding anti-GD2 to the conventional treatment protocol can achieve better short- to intermediate-term event-free and overall survival, but the long-term efficacy remains to be verified. How to improve its efficacy is another challenge. Late relapse and central nervous system metastasis have emerged as new problems. The methods to overcome the mechanisms related to immune evasion or resistance to immunotherapy represent new challenges to be resolved. The newer anti-GD2 strategies, such as bispecific antibody linking of anti-GD2 with activated T cells or chimeric antigen receptor T cells, are currently under clinical trials, and they may become promising alternatives. The use of anti-GD2/GD3 tumor vaccine is a novel and potential approach to minimizing late relapse. How to induce GD2 expression from tumor cells using the epigenetic approach is a hot topic nowadays. We expect that anti-GD2 treatment can serve as a model for the use of monoclonal antibody immunotherapy against cancers in the future.
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Zhong E, Brogi E, D’Alfonso TM, Wen H, Frosina D, Cheung NK, Jungbluth AA, Ross DS. Expression Analysis of GD2 by Immunohistochemistry in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Clinical and Pathologic Correlation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:113-118. [PMID: 34545847 PMCID: PMC8857015 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid disialoganglioside GD2 is a cell surface-associated antigen expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin that serves as a target of immunotherapy in select cancer types. Information about the expression of GD2 in breast cancer is limited. In the present study, we investigate the utility of GD2 as a potential biomarker for targeted treatment. The study cohort consists of 386 breast carcinomas of several histologic types. GD2 expression was assessed in both whole tumor sections and tissue microarrays with anti-GD2 3F8 monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. A total of 134 (35%) breast carcinomas were positive for GD2, with a median H-score of 100. 3F8 staining displayed granular and predominantly cytoplasmic or perinuclear patterns, which was confined to the neoplastic tissue in nearly all cases. GD2 positivity was significantly associated with tumor histologic type (P=0.0015), low grade (P<0.0001), estrogen receptor positivity (P<0.0001), low stage (P=0.0014), and multifocality (P=0.022). Event-free survival and overall survival of patients with GD2-positive and GD2-negative tumors were not significantly different. Our results support further assessment of GD2 using the 3F8 antibody as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy M. D’Alfonso
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Frosina
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A. Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dara S. Ross
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Oliveira MC, Correia JDG. Clinical application of radioiodinated antibodies: where are we? Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Mechanisms, Characteristics, and Treatment of Neuropathic Pain and Peripheral Neuropathy Associated with Dinutuximab in Neuroblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312648. [PMID: 34884452 PMCID: PMC8657961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of metastatic neuroblastoma is very poor. Its treatment includes induction chemotherapy, surgery, high-dose chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and maintenance with retinoic acid, associated with the anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (ch14.18) dinutuximab. Immunotherapy determined a significant improvement in survival rate and is also utilized in relapsed and resistant neuroblastoma patients. Five courses of dinutuximab 100 mg/m2 are usually administered as a 10-day continuous infusion or over 5 consecutive days every 5 weeks. Dinutuximab targets the disialoganglioside GD2, which is highly expressed on neuroblastoma cells and minimally present on the surface of normal human neurons, peripheral pain fibers, and skin melanocytes. Anti GD2 antibodies bind to surface GD2 and determine the lysis of neuroblastoma cells induced by immune response via the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and the complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Dinutuximab has significant side effects, including neuropathic pain, peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity reactions, capillary leak syndrome, photophobia, and hypotension. The most important side effect is neuropathic pain, which is triggered by the same antibody–antigen immune response, but generates ectopic activity in axons, which results in hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Pain can be severe especially in the first courses of dinutuximab infusion, and requires the administration of gabapentin and continuous morphine infusion. This paper will focus on the incidence, mechanisms, characteristics, and treatment of neuropathic pain and peripheral neuropathy due to dinutuximab administration in neuroblastoma patients.
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22
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Wiebel M, Kailayangiri S, Altvater B, Meltzer J, Grobe K, Kupich S, Rossig C. Surface expression of the immunotherapeutic target G D2 in osteosarcoma depends on cell confluency. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1394. [PMID: 33811471 PMCID: PMC8551999 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy of pediatric sarcomas is challenged by the paucity of targetable cell surface antigens. A candidate target in osteosarcoma (OS) is the ganglioside GD2 , but heterogeneous expression of GD2 limits its value. AIM We aimed to identify mechanisms that upregulate GD2 target expression in OS. METHODS AND RESULTS GD2 surface expression in OS cells, studied by flow cytometry, was found to vary both among and within individual OS cell lines. Pharmacological approaches, including inhibition of the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) and modulation of the protein kinase C, failed to increase GD2 expression. Instead, cell confluency was found to be associated with higher GD2 expression levels both in monolayer cultures and in tumor spheroids. The sensitivity of OS cells to targeting by GD2 -specific CAR T cells was compared in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Higher cell confluencies enhanced the sensitivity of OS cells to GD2 -antigen specific, CAR T-cell-mediated in vitro cytolysis. Mechanistic studies revealed that confluency-dependent upregulation of GD2 expression in OS cells is mediated by increased de novo biosynthesis, through a yet unknown mechanism. CONCLUSION Expression of GD2 in OS cell lines is highly variable and associated with increasing cell confluency in vitro. Strategies for selective upregulation of GD2 are needed to enable effective therapeutic targeting of this antigen in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Wiebel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Sareetha Kailayangiri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Bianca Altvater
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Jutta Meltzer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Sabine Kupich
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Children's Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
- Cells‐in‐Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 ‐ CiM)University of MuensterMuensterGermany
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23
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Shao C, Anand V, Andreeff M, Battula VL. Ganglioside GD2: a novel therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1508:35-53. [PMID: 34596246 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by lack of hormone receptor expression and is known for high rates of recurrence, distant metastases, and poor clinical outcomes. TNBC cells lack targetable receptors; hence, there is an urgent need for targetable markers for the disease. Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs) are a fraction of cells in primary tumors that are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting BCSCs is thus an effective strategy for preventing cancer metastatic spread and sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy. The CD44hi CD24lo phenotype is a well-established phenotype for identification of BCSCs, but CD44 and CD24 are not targetable markers owing to their expression in normal tissues. The ganglioside GD2 has been shown to be upregulated in primary TNBC tumors compared with normal breast tissue and has been shown to identify BCSCs. In this review, we discuss GD2 as a BCSC- and tumor-specific marker in TNBC; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the signaling pathways that are upstream and downstream of GD2 and the role of these pathways in tumorigenesis and metastasis in TNBC; direct and indirect approaches for targeting GD2; and ongoing clinical trials and treatments directed against GD2 as well as future directions for these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shao
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vivek Anand
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Venkata Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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24
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Lin Z, Wu Z, Luo W. A Novel Treatment for Ewing's Sarcoma: Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707211. [PMID: 34566963 PMCID: PMC8461297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is a malignant and aggressive tumor type that predominantly occurs in children and adolescents. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while successful in the early disease stages, are ineffective in patients with metastases and relapses who often have poor prognosis. Therefore, new treatments for EWS are needed to improve patient's outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells therapy, a novel adoptive immunotherapy, has been developing over the past few decades, and is increasingly popular in researches and treatments of various cancers. CAR-T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Recently, this therapeutic approach has been employed for solid tumors including EWS. In this review, we summarize the safety, specificity and clinical transformation of the treatment targets of EWS, and point out the directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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25
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Nakajima M, Guo HF, Hoseini SS, Suzuki M, Xu H, Cheung NK. Potent antitumor effect of T cells armed with anti-GD2 bispecific antibody. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28971. [PMID: 33844437 PMCID: PMC9347186 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humanized 3F8-bispecific antibody (hu3F8-BsAb) using the IgG(L)-scFv format (where scFv is single-chain variable fragment), where the anti-CD3 huOKT3 scFv is fused with the carboxyl end of the hu3F8 light chain, has potent antitumor cytotoxicity against GD2(+) tumors. To overcome the insufficient number and function of T cells in cancer patients, they can be rejuvenated and expanded ex vivo before arming with hu3F8-BsAb for adoptive transfer, potentially reducing toxic side effects from direct BsAb administration. PROCEDURE T cells from normal volunteers were expanded and activated ex vivo using CD3/CD28 beads for 8 days. Activated T cells (ATCs) were harvested and co-incubated with a Good Manufacturing Practice grade hu3F8-BsAb at room temperature for 20 min. These armed ATCs were tested for cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo against human GD2(+) cell lines and patient-derived xenografts in BALB-Rag2-/- IL-2R-γc-KO mice. RESULTS Hu3F8-BsAb armed ATCs showed robust antigen-specific tumor cytotoxicity against GD2(+) tumors in vitro. In vivo, T cells armed with hu3F8-BsAb were highly cytotoxic against GD2(+) melanoma and neuroblastoma xenografts in mice, accompanied by T-cell infiltration without significant side effects. Only zeptomole (10-21 ) quantities of BsAb per T cell was required for maximal antitumor effects. Tumor response was a function of T-cell dose. CONCLUSION BsAb armed T cells may have clinical utility as the next generation of cytotherapy combined with recombinant BsAb against human tumors for both adult and pediatrics, if autologous T cells can be activated and expanded ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, New York,Current Address: Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong-fen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, New York
| | | | - Maya Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, New York,Current Address: Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, New York
| | - Nai-Kong Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK), New York, New York
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26
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Zhang Y, Kupferschlaeger J, Lang P, Reischl G, Handgretinger R, la Fougere C, Dittmann H. 131Iodine-GD2-ch14.18 scintigraphy to evaluate option for radioimmunotherapy in patients with advanced tumors. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:205-211. [PMID: 34049985 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-selective ganglioside antigene GD2 is frequently expressed on neuroblastomas and to a lesser extent also on sarcomas and neuroendocrine tumors. Aim of our study was to evaluate tumor targeting and biodistribution of iodine-131-labeled chimeric GD2-antibody clone 14/18 (131I-GD2-ch14.18) in patients with late-stage disease in order to identify eligibility for radioimmunotherapy. Methods: 20 patients (neuroblastoma n = 9; sarcoma n = 9; pheochromocytoma n = 1, neuroendocrine tumor n = 1) were involved in this study. 21 to 131 MBq (1-2 MBq/kg) of I-131-GD2-ch14.18 (0.5 -1.0 mg) were injected intravenously. Planar scintigraphy was performed within 1 h from injection (d0), on d1, d2, d3, and d6 or d7 to analyse tumor uptake and tracer biodistribution. Serial blood samples were collected in 4 individuals. Irradiation dose to tumor lesions and organs was calculated using Olinda® software. Results: The tumor targeting rate on a per-patient base was 65% (13/20) with 6/9 neuroblastomas showing uptake of I-GD2-ch14.18. Tumor lesions showed maximum uptake at 20-64 h p.i. (effective half-life in tumors 33-192 h). The tumor irradiation dose varied between 0.52 and 30.2 mGy/MBq (median: 9.08, n = 13). Visual analysis showed prominent blood pool activity up to d2/d3 p.i.. No pronounced uptake was observed in the bone marrow compartment or in the kidneys. Bone marrow dose was calculated at 0.07-0.47 mGy/MBq (median: 0.14) while blood dose was 1.1-4.7 mGy/MBq. Two patients (1 neuroblastoma and 1 pheochromocytoma) with particularly high tumor uptake underwent radioimmunotherapy using 2.3 and 2.9 GBq of I-GD2-ch14.18 both achieving stable disease. Overall survival was 17 and 6 months, respectively. Conclusion: I-GD2-ch14.18 is cleared slowly from blood resulting in good tumor to background contrast not until 2 d after application. With acceptable red marrow and organ dose, radioimmunotherapy is an option for patients with high tumor uptake. However, due to the variable GD2-expression, decision should be made depending on pretherapeutic dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Juergen Kupferschlaeger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Clinic for Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Clinic for Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougere
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Dittmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
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27
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Activation and degranulation of CAR-T cells using engineered antigen-presenting cell surfaces. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238819. [PMID: 32976541 PMCID: PMC7518621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells showed promising results in patients with B cell malignancies. However, the detailed mechanism of CAR-T cell interaction with the target tumor cells is still not well understood. This work provides a systematic method for analyzing the activation and degranulation of second-generation CAR-T cells utilizing antigen-presenting cell surfaces. Antigen-presenting cell surfaces composed of circular micropatterns of CAR-specific anti-idiotype antibodies have been developed to mimic the interaction of CAR-T cells with target tumor cells using micro-contact printing. The levels of activation and degranulation of fixed non-transduced T cells (NT), CD19.CAR-T cells, and GD2.CAR-T cells on the antigen-presenting cell surfaces were quantified and compared by measuring the intensity of the CD3ζ chain phosphorylation and the Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 1 (LAMP-1), respectively. The size and morphology of the cells were also measured. The intracellular Ca2+ flux of NT and CAR-T cells upon engagement with the antigen-presenting cell surface was reported. Results suggest that NT and CD19.CAR-T cells have comparable activation levels, while NT have higher degranulation levels than CD19.CAR-T cells and GD2.CAR-T cells. The findings show that antigen-presenting cell surfaces allow a quantitative analysis of the molecules involved in synapse formation in different CAR-T cells in a systematic, reproducible manner.
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28
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Joshi S. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Neuroblastoma: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2057. [PMID: 32722460 PMCID: PMC7465822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric tumor malignancy that originates from the neural crest and accounts for more than 15% of all the childhood deaths from cancer. The neuroblastoma cancer research has long been focused on the role of MYCN oncogene amplification and the contribution of other genetic alterations in the progression of this malignancy. However, it is now widely accepted that, not only tumor cells, but the components of tumor microenvironment (TME), including extracellular matrix, stromal cells and immune cells, also contribute to tumor progression in neuroblastoma. The complexity of different components of tumor stroma and their resemblance with surrounding normal tissues pose huge challenges for therapies targeting tumor microenvironment in NB. Hence, the detailed understanding of the composition of the TME of NB is crucial to improve existing and future potential immunotherapeutic approaches against this childhood cancer. In this review article, I will discuss different components of the TME of NB and the recent advances in the strategies, which are used to target the tumor microenvironment in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0815, USA
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29
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Nazha B, Inal C, Owonikoko TK. Disialoganglioside GD2 Expression in Solid Tumors and Role as a Target for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1000. [PMID: 32733795 PMCID: PMC7358363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are carbohydrate-containing sphingolipids that are widely expressed in normal tissues, making most subtypes unsuitable as targets for cancer therapy. However, the disialoganglioside GD2 subtype has limited expression in normal tissues but is overexpressed across a wide range of tumors. Disialoganglioside GD2 can be considered a tumor-associated antigen and well-suited as a target for cancer therapy. Disialoganglioside GD2 is implicated in tumor development and malignant phenotypes through enhanced cell proliferation, motility, migration, adhesion, and invasion, depending on the tumor type. This provides a rationale for targeting disialoganglioside GD2 in cancer therapy with the development of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic approaches. Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies target GD2-expressing tumor cells, leading to phagocytosis and destruction by means of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, lysis by complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and apoptosis and necrosis through direct induction of cell death. Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies may also prevent homing and adhesion of circulating malignant cells to the extracellular matrix. Disialoganglioside GD2 is highly expressed by almost all neuroblastomas, by most melanomas and retinoblastomas, and by many Ewing sarcomas and, to a more variable degree, by small cell lung cancer, gliomas, osteosarcomas, and soft tissue sarcomas. Successful treatment of disialoganglioside GD2-expressing tumors with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies is hindered by pharmacologic factors such as insufficient antibody affinity to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, inadequate penetration of antibody into the tumor microenvironment, and toxicity related to disialoganglioside GD2 expression by normal tissues such as peripheral sensory nerve fibers. Nonetheless, anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody dinutuximab (ch14.18) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and dinutuximab beta (ch14.18/CHO) has been approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma in pediatric patients. Clinical trials of anti-GD2 therapy are currently ongoing in patients with other types of disialoganglioside GD2-expressing tumors as well as neuroblastoma. In addition to anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies, anti-GD2 therapeutic approaches include chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, disialoganglioside GD2 vaccines, immunocytokines, immunotoxins, antibody-drug conjugates, radiolabeled antibodies, targeted nanoparticles, and T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies. Clinical trials should clarify further the potential of anti-GD2 therapy for disialoganglioside GD2-expressing malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Nazha
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cengiz Inal
- Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, VA, United States
| | - Taofeek K. Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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30
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Choi JY. Immunotherapy in Pediatric Solid Tumors. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.15264/cpho.2020.27.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that is most commonly diagnosed in the abdomen, often presenting with signs and symptoms of metastatic spread. Three decades ago, high-risk NB metastatic to bone and bone marrow in children was not curable. Today, with multimodality treatment, 50% of these patients will survive, but most suffer from debilitating treatment-related complications. Novel targeted therapies to improve cure rates while minimizing toxicities are urgently needed. Recent molecular discoveries in oncology have spawned the development of an impressive array of targeted therapies for adult cancers, yet the paucity of recurrent somatic mutations or activated oncogenes in pediatric cancers poses a major challenge to the evolving paradigm of personalized medicine. Although low tumor mutational burden is a major hurdle for immune checkpoint inhibitors, an immature or impaired immune system and inhibitory tumor microenvironment can further complicate the prospects for successful immunotherapy. In this regard, despite the poor immunogenic properties of NB, the success of antibody-based immunotherapy and radioimmunotherapy directed at single targets (eg, GD2 and B7-H3) is both encouraging and surprising, given that most solid tumor antibodies that use Fc-dependent mechanisms or radioimmunotargeting have largely failed. Here, we summarize the current information on the immunologic properties of this tumor, its potential immunotherapeutic targets, and novel antibody-based strategies on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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32
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ji C, You F, Zhang T, Fan S, Han Z, Xiang S, Wang Y, Sheng B, Wang T, An G, Meng H, Yang L. Novel anti-GD2 CAR-T cells exhibit superior cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220961193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of high-risk paediatric neuroblastoma represents an unmet clinical need. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a promising treatment option, but there exist some challenges regarding specificity and potency. The current study used ganglioside GD2 as a target for CAR-T construction because of its selective overexpression in neuroblastoma cells. We engineered a GD2-based CAR-T construct, including ICOS and 4-1BB co-stimulatory domains for better persistence. The cytotoxicity of the generated CAR-T cells (PG3-GD2-CAR-T) was verified using in vitro and in vivo assays. PG3-GD2-CAR-T cells exerted potent anti-tumour activity in vitro and in vivo, with minimal effects on peripheral blood cells. PG3-GD2-CAR-T cells exhibited encouraging specificity for and potency against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng ji
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengtao You
- Persongen Bio Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Fan
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Han
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shufen Xiang
- Persongen Bio Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Persongen Bio Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binjie Sheng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gangli An
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Meng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang C, Xiong X, Li Y, Huang K, Liu L, Peng X, Weng W. Cytokine-induced killer cells/natural killer cells combined with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody increase cell death rate in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6525-6535. [PMID: 31807172 PMCID: PMC6876305 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial, solid, pediatric malignancies. Despite improvements in conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the prognosis of stage IV NB remains poor, indicating that novel treatment strategies are required. Immunotherapies, such as anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies, used alone or in combination with cytokines, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells or cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNCs), have been indicated to cause NB cell death and to prolong patient survival in high-risk NB; however, they remain limited by severe cytotoxicity and side effects. In the present study, it was determined that anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody alone or CBMNC-isolated cytokine-induced killer (CIK)/natural killer (NK) cells alone significantly induced cell death of NB SK-N-SH cells, and the combination of anti-GD2 antibody and CIK/NK cells could significantly increase the cell death rate compared with either treatment alone. In addition, based on a method referred to our previous study, it was identified that a two-cytokine culture system, using interleukin IL-2 and IL-7, effectively stimulated the proliferation of CIK/NK cells. These results serve to suggest a novel treatment strategy for relapsed/refractory NB with high efficiency and few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ke Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Casey DL, Lin TY, Cheung NKV. Exploiting Signaling Pathways and Immune Targets Beyond the Standard of Care for Ewing Sarcoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:537. [PMID: 31275859 PMCID: PMC6593481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) family of tumors includes bone and soft tissue tumors that are often characterized by a specific translocation between chromosome 11 and 22, resulting in the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene. With the advent of multi-modality treatment including cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, the prognosis for patients with ES has substantially improved. However, a therapeutic plateau is now reached for both localized and metastatic disease over the last two decades. Burdened by the toxicity limits associated with the current frontline systemic therapy, there is an urgent need for novel targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the current treatment paradigm of ES, and explore preclinical evidence and emerging treatments directed at tumor signaling pathways and immune targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Casey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tsung-Yi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Mansoori M, Roudi R, Abbasi A, Abolhasani M, Abdi Rad I, Shariftabrizi A, Madjd Z. High GD2 expression defines breast cancer cells with enhanced invasiveness. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 109:25-35. [PMID: 31075227 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suggested to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of GD2, a newly suggested CSC marker and two other traditional CSC markers, CD44 and CD24 in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 168 primary breast cancer tissues were evaluated in terms of GD2, CD44 and CD24 expression using tissue microarray. Then, the correlation of expression levels of these markers with patients' clinicopathological characteristics was assessed. RESULTS Higher GD2 expression was mainly found in patients with advanced histological grade (p = 0.02), presence of lymph node invasion (p = 0.04), larger size of tumors (p = 0.04) and older age (p = 0.04). Breast cancer samples with advanced histological grade also showed higher CD44 (p = 0.03) and CD24 expression (p = 0.05). A significant positive association was found between increased CD24 expression and lymph node involvement (p = 0.01). Furthermore, GD2-high/CD44-high/CD24-low phenotype was frequently seen in breast cancer samples with positive lymph node involvement (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION In summary, increased expression of GD2 may define more aggressive tumor behavior in breast cancer. GD2 can well be considered as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mansoori
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Abdi Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - A Shariftabrizi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nuclear Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Butch ER, Mead PE, Amador Diaz V, Tillman H, Stewart E, Mishra JK, Kim J, Bahrami A, Dearling JLJ, Packard AB, Stoddard SV, Vāvere AL, Han Y, Shulkin BL, Snyder SE. Positron Emission Tomography Detects In Vivo Expression of Disialoganglioside GD2 in Mouse Models of Primary and Metastatic Osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3112-3124. [PMID: 31015228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane glycolipid GD2 is expressed by multiple solid tumors, including 88% of osteosarcomas and 98% of neuroblastomas. However, osteosarcomas are highly heterogeneous, with many tumors exhibiting GD2 expression on <50% of the individual cells, while some tumors are essentially GD2-negative. Anti-GD2 immunotherapy is the current standard of care for high-risk neuroblastoma, but its application to recurrent osteosarcomas, for which no effective therapies exist, has been extremely limited. This is, in part, because the standard assays to measure GD2 expression in these heterogeneous tumors are not quantitative and are subject to tissue availability and sampling bias. To address these limitations, we evaluated a novel, sensitive radiotracer [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A to detect GD2 expression in osteosarcomas (six patient-derived xenografts and one cell line) in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Tumor uptake of the radiolabeled, humanized anti-GD2 antibody [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A was 7-fold higher in modestly GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32% GD2-positive cells) than in a GD2-negative tumor (9.8% vs. 1.3% of the injected dose per cc, respectively). This radiotracer also identified lesions as small as 29 mm3 in a 34% GD2-positive model of metastatic osteosarcoma of the lung. Radiolabeled antibody accumulation in patient-derived xenografts correlated with GD2 expression as measured by flow cytometry (Pearson r = 0.88, P = 0.01), distinguishing moderately GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32%-69% GD2-positive cells) from high GD2 expressors (>99%, P < 0.05). These results support the utility of GD2 imaging with PET to measure GD2 expression in osteosarcoma and thus maximize the clinical impact of anti-GD2 immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: In situ assessment of all GD2-positive osteosarcoma sites with a novel PET radiotracer could significantly impact anti-GD2 immunotherapy patient selection and enable noninvasive probing of correlations between target expression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Butch
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul E Mead
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Victor Amador Diaz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jitendra K Mishra
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jieun Kim
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shana V Stoddard
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amy L Vāvere
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Barry L Shulkin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott E Snyder
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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37
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Liu B, Yan L, Zhou M. Target selection of CAR T cell therapy in accordance with the TME for solid tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:228-241. [PMID: 30906625 PMCID: PMC6405971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR T) cell therapy has made great progress in hematological malignancies and resulted in two newly FDA-approved drugs specific for CD19, Kymriah and Yescarta. To some extent, this success is attributable to the appropriately selected antigen, CD19, a cell surface protein that is uniformly and strongly expressed on malignant B cells. This result indicates that a proper CAR target is of great importance to the success of this technique. Another key factor contributing to the success of hematological malignancies can be ascribed to the nonphysical tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME in solid tumors is complicated and has a specific niche favorable for tumor progression with physical barriers, multiple mechanisms of immunosuppression, and a variety of biochemical factors, thus resulting in limited efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in clinical trials with cancer patients. Therefore, the inhospitable solid TME becomes a major hurdle in translating the success of CAR T cell therapy in hematological malignancies to solid tumors. Here, we provide our perspective on how to improve the success of CAR T therapy in solid tumors by focusing on the aspects of target selection and the related TME in CAR T cell design, especially stressing the interplay between them. With four kinds of antigenic CAR targets as examples in this review, we anticipate that the overall consideration of both factors will further expand CAR T cell therapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bainan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lingli Yan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan Province, China
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38
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van den Bijgaart RJE, Kroesen M, Wassink M, Brok IC, Kers-Rebel ED, Boon L, Heise T, van Scherpenzeel M, Lefeber DJ, Boltje TJ, den Brok MH, Hoogerbrugge PM, Büll C, Adema GJ. Combined sialic acid and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatment up-regulates the neuroblastoma antigen GD2. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4437-4449. [PMID: 30670592 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma cells highly express the disialoganglioside GD2, a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, which is only sparsely expressed on healthy tissue. GD2 is a primary target for the development of immunotherapy for neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy with monoclonal anti-GD2 antibodies has proven safety and efficacy in clinical trials and is included in the standard treatment for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Strategies to modulate GD2 expression in neuroblastoma could further improve anti-GD2-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we report that the cellular sialylation pathway, as well as epigenetic reprogramming, strongly modulates GD2 expression in human and mouse neuroblastoma cell lines. Recognition of GD2 by the 14G2a antibody is sialic acid-dependent and was blocked with the fluorinated sialic acid mimetic Ac53FaxNeu5Ac. Interestingly, sialic acid supplementation using a cell-permeable sialic acid analogue (Ac5Neu5Ac) boosted GD2 expression without or with minor alterations in overall cell surface sialylation. Furthermore, sialic acid supplementation with Ac5Neu5Ac combined with various histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including vorinostat, enhanced GD2 expression in neuroblastoma cells beyond their individual effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that Ac5Neu5Ac supplementation increased intracellular CMP-Neu5Ac concentrations, thereby providing higher substrate levels for sialyltransferases. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitor treatment increased mRNA expression of the sialyltransferases GM3 synthase (ST3GAL5) and GD3 synthase (ST8SIA1), both of which are involved in GD2 biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that sialic acid analogues and HDAC inhibitors enhance GD2 expression and could potentially be employed to boost anti-GD2 targeted immunotherapy in neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske J E van den Bijgaart
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kroesen
- the Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Wassink
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid C Brok
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- the Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Scherpenzeel
- the Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 DA Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- the Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 DA Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- the Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H den Brok
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Hoogerbrugge
- the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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Keyel ME, Reynolds CP. Spotlight on dinutuximab in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma: development and place in therapy. Biologics 2018; 13:1-12. [PMID: 30613134 PMCID: PMC6306059 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system which accounts for 8% of childhood cancers. Most NBs express high levels of the disialoganglioside GD2. Several antibodies have been developed to target GD2 on NB, including the human/mouse chimeric antibody ch14.18, known as dinutuximab. Dinutuximab used in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) has a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-registered indication for treating high-risk NB patients who achieved at least a partial response to prior first-line multi-agent, multimodality therapy. The FDA registration resulted from a prospective randomized trial assessing the benefit of adding dinutuximab + cytokines to post-myeloablative maintenance therapy for high-risk NB. Dinutuximab has also shown promising antitumor activity when combined with temozolomide and irinotecan in treating NB progressive disease. Clinical activity of dinutuximab and other GD2-targeted therapies relies on the presence of the GD2 antigen on NB cells. Some NBs have been reported as GD2 low or negative, and such tumor cells could be nonresponsive to anti-GD2 therapy. As dinutuximab relies on complement and effector cells to mediate NB killing, factors affecting those components of patient response may also decrease dinutuximab effectiveness. This review summarizes the development of GD2 antibody-targeted therapy, the use of dinutuximab in both up-front and salvage therapy for high-risk NB, and the potential mechanisms of resistance to dinutuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center,
- Department of Pediatrics,
- Department of Internal Medicine,
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA,
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40
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Russo D, Capolupo L, Loomba JS, Sticco L, D'Angelo G. Glycosphingolipid metabolism in cell fate specification. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/24/jcs219204. [PMID: 30559216 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic plasma membranes that consist of a ceramide backbone linked to a glycan moiety. Both the ceramide and the glycan parts of GSLs display structural variations that result in a remarkable repertoire of diverse compounds. This diversity of GSLs is exploited during embryogenesis, when different GSLs are produced at specific developmental stages and along several differentiation trajectories. Importantly, plasma membrane receptors interact with GSLs to modify their activities. Consequently, two otherwise identical cells can respond differently to the same stimulus owing to their different GSL composition. The metabolic reprograming of GSLs is in fact a necessary part of developmental programs, as its impairment results in developmental failure or tissue-specific defects. Moreover, single-cell variability is emerging as a fundamental player in development: GSL composition displays cell-to-cell variability in syngeneic cell populations owing to the regulatory gene expression circuits involved in microenvironment adaptation and in differentiation. Here, we discuss how GSLs are synthesized and classified and review the role of GSLs in the establishment and maintenance of cell identity. We further highlight the existence of the regulatory circuits that modify GSL pathways and speculate how GSL heterogeneity might contribute to developmental patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Russo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Capolupo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaipreet Singh Loomba
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Sticco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, Napoli, Italy .,Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Lipid Cell Biology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Dinutuximab beta in high-risk neuroblastoma: a profile of its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-018-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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42
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Pearce OMT. Cancer glycan epitopes: biosynthesis, structure and function. Glycobiology 2018; 28:670-696. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M T Pearce
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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43
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid childhood tumor outside the brain and causes 15% of childhood cancer-related mortality. The main drivers of NB formation are neural crest cell-derived sympathoadrenal cells that undergo abnormal genetic arrangements. Moreover, NB is a complex disease that has high heterogeneity and is therefore difficult to target for successful therapy. Thus, a better understanding of NB development helps to improve treatment and increase the survival rate. One of the major causes of sporadic NB is known to be MYCN amplification and mutations in ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) are responsible for familial NB. Many other genetic abnormalities can be found; however, they are not considered as driver mutations, rather they support tumor aggressiveness. Tumor cell elimination via cell death is widely accepted as a successful technique. Therefore, in this review, we provide a thorough overview of how different modes of cell death and treatment strategies, such as immunotherapy or spontaneous regression, are or can be applied for NB elimination. In addition, several currently used and innovative approaches and their suitability for clinical testing and usage will be discussed. Moreover, significant attention will be given to combined therapies that show more effective results with fewer side effects than drugs targeting only one specific protein or pathway.
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Kramer K, Pandit-Taskar N, Humm JL, Zanzonico PB, Haque S, Dunkel IJ, Wolden SL, Donzelli M, Goldman DA, Lewis JS, Lyashchenko SK, Khakoo Y, Carrasquillo JA, Souweidane MM, Greenfield JP, Lyden D, De Braganca KD, Gilheeney SW, Larson SM, Cheung NKV. A phase II study of radioimmunotherapy with intraventricular 131 I-3F8 for medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:10.1002/pbc.26754. [PMID: 28940863 PMCID: PMC6692907 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk and recurrent medulloblastoma (MB) is associated with significant mortality. The murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 targets the cell-surface disialoganglioside GD2 on MB. We tested the efficacy, toxicity, and dosimetry of compartmental radioimmunotherapy (cRIT) with intraventricular 131 I-labeled 3F8 in patients with MB on a phase II clinical trial. METHODS Patients with histopathologically confirmed high-risk or recurrent MB were eligible for cRIT. After determining adequate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, patients received 2 mCi (where Ci is Curie) 124 I-3F8 or 131 I-3F8 with nuclear imaging for dosimetry, followed by up to four therapeutic (10 mCi/dose) 131 I-3F8 injections. Dosimetry estimates were based on serial CSF and blood samplings over 48 hr plus region-of-interest analyses on serial imaging scans. Disease evaluation included pre- and posttherapy brain/spine magnetic resonance imaging approximately every 3 months for the first year after treatment, and every 6-12 months thereafter. RESULTS Forty-three patients received a total of 167 injections; 42 patients were evaluable for outcome. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Toxicities related to drug administration included acute bradycardia with somnolence, headache, fatigue, and CSF pleocytosis consistent with chemical meningitis and dystonic reaction. Total CSF absorbed dose was 1,453 cGy (where Gy is Gray; 350.0-2,784). Median overall survival from first dose of cRIT was 24.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]:16.3-55.8). Patients treated in radiographic and cytologic remission were at a lower risk of death compared to patients with radiographically measurable disease (hazard ratio: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18-0.88, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS cRIT with 131 I-3F8 is safe, has favorable dosimetry to CSF, and when added to salvage therapy using conventional modalities, may have clinical utility in maintaining remission in high-risk or recurrent MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - John L. Humm
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Pat B. Zanzonico
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Sofia Haque
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Ira J. Dunkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Suzanne L. Wolden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Maria Donzelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Debra A. Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Serge K. Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Yasmin Khakoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Jorge A. Carrasquillo
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | | | | | - David Lyden
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | | | | | - Steven M. Larson
- Department of Radiology (Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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Corraliza-Gorjón I, Somovilla-Crespo B, Santamaria S, Garcia-Sanz JA, Kremer L. New Strategies Using Antibody Combinations to Increase Cancer Treatment Effectiveness. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1804. [PMID: 29312320 PMCID: PMC5742572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have proven their high value in antitumor therapy over the last two decades. They are currently being used as the first-choice to treat some of the most frequent metastatic cancers, like HER2+ breast cancers or colorectal cancers, currently treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin) and bevacizumab (Avastin), respectively. The impressive therapeutic success of antibodies inhibiting immune checkpoints has extended the use of therapeutic antibodies to previously unanticipated tumor types. These anti-immune checkpoint antibodies allowed the cure of patients devoid of other therapeutic options, through the recovery of the patient’s own immune response against the tumor. In this review, we describe how the antibody-based therapies will evolve, including the use of antibodies in combinations, their main characteristics, advantages, and how they could contribute to significantly increase the chances of success in cancer therapy. Indeed, novel combinations will consist of mixtures of antibodies against either different epitopes of the same molecule or different targets on the same tumor cell; bispecific or multispecific antibodies able of simultaneously binding tumor cells, immune cells or extracellular molecules; immunomodulatory antibodies; antibody-based molecules, including fusion proteins between a ligand or a receptor domain and the IgG Fab or Fc fragments; autologous or heterologous cells; and different formats of vaccines. Through complementary mechanisms of action, these combinations could contribute to elude the current limitations of a single antibody which recognizes only one particular epitope. These combinations may allow the simultaneous attack of the cancer cells by using the help of the own immune cells and exerting wider therapeutic effects, based on a more specific, fast, and robust response, trying to mimic the action of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Corraliza-Gorjón
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somovilla-Crespo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Santamaria
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the neural crest almost exclusively seen in childhood. While children with single, small primary tumors are often cured with surgery alone, the 65% of children with neuroblastoma whose disease has metastasized have less than a 50% chance of surviving five years after diagnosis. Innovative pharmacological strategies are critically needed for these children. Efforts to identify novel targets that afford ablation of neuroblastoma with minimal toxicity to normal tissues are underway. Developing approaches to neuroblastoma include those that target the catecholamine transporter, ubiquitin E3 ligase, the ganglioside GD2, the retinoic acid receptor, the protein kinases ALK and Aurora, and protein arginine N-methyltransferases. Here, as examples of the use of chemistry to combat neuroblastoma, we describe targeting of the protein arginine N-methyltransferases and their role in prolonging the half-life of the neuroblastoma oncoprotein N-Myc, redox signaling in neuroblastoma, and developmentally regulated proteins expressed in primitive neuroblastoma cells but not in mature neural crest elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne N Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Xingguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Louis T Lotta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Abhishek Dedhe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Nina F Schor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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Radioimmunotherapy in Oncology. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-017-0258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cheung IY, Kushner BH, Modak S, Basu EM, Roberts SS, Cheung NKV. Phase I trial of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu3F8 plus GM-CSF: Impact of body weight, immunogenicity and anti-GD2 response on pharmacokinetics and survival. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1358331. [PMID: 29147617 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1358331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-seven stage 4 patients with refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma were enrolled in a phase I trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01757626) using humanized anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu3F8 in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The influence of body weight and human anti-human antibody (HAHA) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of hu3F8, and the effect of de novo anti-GD2 response on patient outcome were explored. Serum samples before hu3F8 infusion, and serially up to day 12 during treatment cycle #1, and at 5 min after each hu3F8 infusion for all subsequent cycles were collected. PK was analyzed using non-compartmental modeling. Immunogenicity was assayed by HAHA response, and vaccination effect by induced host anti-GD2 response measured periodically until disease progression or last followup. Progression-free and overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Despite dosing being based on body weight, smaller patients had consistently lower area-under-the-curve and faster clearance over the 15 dose levels (0.9 to 9.6 mg/kg per treatment cycle) in this trial. Positive HAHA, defined by the upper limit of normal, when measured within 10 days from the last hu3F8 dose received, was associated with significantly lower serum hu3F8. Despite prior sensitization to other anti-GD2 antibody, e.g. mouse 3F8 or ch14.18, 75% of the patients never developed HAHA response even after getting more treatment cycles. Hu3F8 induced a de novo anti-GD2 response in patients, which was prognostic of progression-free survival. We conclude that hu3F8 had low immunogenicity. During treatment, positive HAHA and low body weight affected PK adversely, whereas induced anti-GD2 response was an outcome predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y Cheung
- ScD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian H Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen M Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen S Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
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Zeng SX, Cai QC, Guo CH, Zhi LQ, Dai X, Zhang DF, Ma W. High expression of TRIM29 (ATDC) contributes to poor prognosis and tumor metastasis by inducing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1645-1654. [PMID: 28731167 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of TRIM29 overexpression with cancer progression and poor clinical prognosis has been reported in the context of several types of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic relevance of TRIM29 and its involvement in the progression of human osteosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a major role of TRIM29 in osteosarcoma. Our results showed that the expression of TRIM29 in osteosarcoma tissues was much higher than that in normal bone tissues. Furthermore, TRIM29 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, recurrence, metastasis and overall survival time. High expression of TRIM29 and presence of metastasis were independent predictors of poor prognosis in these patients. Both protein and mRNA expression of TRIM29 in osteosarcoma cell lines were significantly higher than those in osteoblast cell line, hFOB1.19. Moreover, the results indicated that TRIM29 promoted migration and invasive growth of osteosarcoma cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, ectopic expression of TRIM29 potentially contributes to metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. In summary, TRIM29 is a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xiang Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Chun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Hua Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qiang Zhi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dang-Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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50
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Mody R, Naranjo A, Van Ryn C, Yu AL, London WB, Shulkin BL, Parisi MT, Servaes SEN, Diccianni MB, Sondel PM, Bender JG, Maris JM, Park JR, Bagatell R. Irinotecan-temozolomide with temsirolimus or dinutuximab in children with refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma (COG ANBL1221): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:946-957. [PMID: 28549783 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes for children with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma are dismal. The combination of irinotecan and temozolomide has activity in these patients, and its acceptable toxicity profile makes it an excellent backbone for study of new agents. We aimed to test the addition of temsirolimus or dinutuximab to irinotecan-temozolomide in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. METHODS For this open-label, randomised, phase 2 selection design trial of the Children's Oncology Group (COG; ANBL1221), patients had to have histological verification of neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma at diagnosis or have tumour cells in bone marrow with increased urinary catecholamine concentrations at diagnosis. Patients of any age were eligible at first designation of relapse or progression, or first designation of refractory disease, provided organ function requirements were met. Patients previously treated for refractory or relapsed disease were ineligible. Computer-based randomisation with sequence generation defined by permuted block randomisation (block size two) was used to randomly assign patients (1:1) to irinotecan and temozolomide plus either temsirolimus or dinutuximab, stratified by disease category, previous exposure to anti-GD2 antibody therapy, and tumour MYCN amplification status. Patients in both groups received oral temozolomide (100 mg/m2 per dose) and intravenous irinotecan (50 mg/m2 per dose) on days 1-5 of 21-day cycles. Patients in the temsirolimus group also received intravenous temsirolimus (35 mg/m2 per dose) on days 1 and 8, whereas those in the dinutuximab group received intravenous dinutuximab (17·5 mg/m2 per day or 25 mg/m2 per day) on days 2-5 plus granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (250 μg/m2 per dose) subcutaneously on days 6-12. Patients were given up to a maximum of 17 cycles of treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an objective (complete or partial) response by central review after six cycles of treatment, analysed by intention to treat. Patients, families, and those administering treatment were aware of group assignment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01767194, and follow-up of the initial cohort is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Feb 22, 2013, and March 23, 2015, 36 patients from 27 COG member institutions were enrolled on this groupwide study. One patient was ineligible (alanine aminotransferase concentration was above the required range). Of the remaining 35 patients, 18 were randomly assigned to irinotecan-temozolomide-temsirolimus and 17 to irinotecan-temozolomide-dinutuximab. Median follow-up was 1·26 years (IQR 0·68-1·61) among all eligible participants. Of the 18 patients assigned to irinotecan-temozolomide-temsirolimus, one patient (6%; 95% CI 0·0-16·1) achieved a partial response. Of the 17 patients assigned to irinotecan-temozolomide-dinutuximab, nine (53%; 95% CI 29·2-76·7) had objective responses, including four partial responses and five complete responses. The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events in the temsirolimus group were neutropenia (eight [44%] of 18 patients), anaemia (six [33%]), thrombocytopenia (five [28%]), increased alanine aminotransferase (five [28%]), and hypokalaemia (four [22%]). One of the 17 patients assigned to the dinutuximab group refused treatment after randomisation; the most common grade 3 or worse adverse events in the remaining 16 patients evaluable for safety were pain (seven [44%] of 16), hypokalaemia (six [38%]), neutropenia (four [25%]), thrombocytopenia (four [25%]), anaemia (four [25%]), fever and infection (four [25%]), and hypoxia (four [25%]); one patient had grade 4 hypoxia related to therapy that met protocol-defined criteria for unacceptable toxicity. No deaths attributed to protocol therapy occurred. INTERPRETATION Irinotecan-temozolomide-dinutuximab met protocol-defined criteria for selection as the combination meriting further study whereas irinotecan-temozolomide-temsirolimus did not. Irinotecan-temozolomide-dinutuximab shows notable anti-tumour activity in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. Further evaluation of biomarkers in a larger cohort of patients might identify those most likely to respond to this chemoimmunotherapeutic regimen. FUNDING National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajen Mody
- CS Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Collin Van Ryn
- Children's Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alice L Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wendy B London
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry L Shulkin
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Sabah-E-Noor Servaes
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell B Diccianni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julia G Bender
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie R Park
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rochelle Bagatell
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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