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Hollis AR. Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Horses: An Update of the Aetiopathogenesis and Treatment Options. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2024:S0749-0739(24)00056-7. [PMID: 39168748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas are a very common tumor type in horses, and are found in a variety of dermatologic and non-dermatologic locations. Metastasis is common, even at the first presentation of the disease, and a full staging workup is therefore strongly recommended to direct treatment and assist with prognostication. Wide surgical excision remains the treatment of choice in most cases, but recurrence is common, and adjunctive therapy may be indicated to improve the long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Hollis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
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2
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Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1707-1713. [PMID: 35570259 PMCID: PMC9433495 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For approximately one decade, a novel papillomavirus termed Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2) has been associated with equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). It is currently believed that the virus has a carcinogenic activity, being able to induce such neoplastic lesions. After being first described, EcPV-2 has been detected in many countries from North America, Europe, and Asia; however, to date, it has not been reported in Brazil. The aim of this research was to investigate the presence of EcPV-2 in penile/preputial papillomas and SCCs of Brazilian horses. Forty samples diagnosed as equine penile and/or preputial papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), or SCCs in two veterinary anatomic pathology services from southern Brazil were investigated. Histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BPV-1 antibody were performed. Posteriorly, the samples were submitted to polymerase chain reaction using two broad-spectrum (MY09/11 and FAP) and one EcPV-2-specific primer sets. Positive samples were sequenced. PV antigen expression was detected in one papilloma, one CIS, and two SCCs by IHC. Five SCCs, one papilloma, and one CIS were PV-positive on PCR. Sequencing of the seven PCR products revealed homology with EcPV-2. This study confirms the occurrence of EcPV-2 infection in Brazilian horses. Moreover, the results presented here provide useful information concerning the phylogeny from the viruses detected in our samples. We hope to encourage further studies on this novel agent, contributing to its characterization, and, possibly, to the eventual development of preventive measurements, including a possible vaccine.
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Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas as a Model for Human Disease: A Preliminary Investigation on Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112364. [PMID: 33121116 PMCID: PMC7693514 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common tumors in older horses, with poor prognosis mostly due to local invasion and recurrence. These tumors are thought to be mainly caused by Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2). The aim of this study is to characterize the tumor immune environment (TIME) in equine penile tumors. Equine penile epithelial tumors (17 epSCCs; 2 carcinomas in situ, CIS; 1 papilloma, P) were retrospectively selected; immune infiltrate was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry; RT-qPCR tested the expression of selected chemokines and EcPV-2 DNA and RNA. The results confirmed EcPV-2-L1 DNA in 18/20 (90%) samples. L1 expression was instead retrieved in 13/20 cases (65%). The samples showed an increased infiltration of CD3+lymphocytes, macrophages (MAC387; IBA1), plasma cells (MUM1), and FoxP3+lymphocytes in the intra/peritumoral stroma when compared to extratumoral tissues (p < 0.05). Only MAC387+neutrophils were increased in EcPV-2high viral load samples (p < 0.05). IL12/p35 was differentially expressed in EcPVhigh and EcPVlow groups (p = 0.007). A significant decrease of IFNG and IL2 expression was highlighted in TGFB1-positive samples (p < 0.05). IBA1 and CD20 were intratumorally increased in cases where IL-10 was expressed (p < 0.005). EpSCCs may represent a good spontaneous model for the human counterpart. Further prospective studies are needed in order to confirm these preliminary results.
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Łopuszyński W, Bulak K, Komsta R, Twardowski P, Kusy R. Thyroid Metastases From Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of a Horse—A Case Report and Literature Review. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Knottenbelt DC, Croft JS. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (
SCC
): “What's the problem?”. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. S. Croft
- Equine Medical Solutions Ltd Lomond Court Stirling UK
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6
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Scott VHL, Hughes K. Diagnosis of equine penile and preputial masses: A clinical and pathological perspective. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. H. L. Scott
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; UK
| | - K. Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; UK
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7
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Santana CH, Moreira PRR, Rosolem MC, Vasconcelos RDO. Relationship between the inflammatory infiltrate and the degree of differentiation of the canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Anim Sci 2016; 1-2:4-8. [PMID: 32734017 PMCID: PMC7386689 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response may have pro or anti-neoplastic effects in tumors, depending on the histological type and malignancy level of the tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the profile of predominant inflammatory cells by immunohistochemistry in cutaneus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of dogs, comparing it with the degree of differentiation of the tumor. Twenty samples of SCC were analyzed. The tumors were histologically classified into two groups, differentiated SCC (SCCd=12) and undifferentiated SCC (SCCu=08). The tumor inflammatory infiltrate was determined by immunohistochemistry, in order to identify macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The comparison between groups, SCCd and SCCu, was not significant concerning the density of macrophages (P=1.0), T lymphocytes (P=0.335) and plasma cells (P=0.075). However, when comparing the inflammatory infiltrate in each group, the macrophages were the predominant cell type in both groups, a significant difference was found in the SCCd with plasma cells (P<0.0001). In the SCCu the difference occurred with lymphocytes (P<0.05) and plasma cells (P=0.0006). It could be concluded that the presence of inflammation in cases of SCC does not play a role in the differentiation of the neoplasm, since the inflammatory infiltrate was similar in both groups of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Helena Santana
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela Rodrigues Reina Moreira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Caroline Rosolem
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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8
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Hinden S, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Janda J, Marti EI, Gerber V, Roosje PJ. Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine expression in the skin of horses with recurrent urticaria. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:503-e99. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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De Schauwer C, Meyer E, Cornillie P, De Vliegher S, van de Walle GR, Hoogewijs M, Declercq H, Govaere J, Demeyere K, Cornelissen M, Van Soom A. Optimization of the Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Equine Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:1061-70. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina De Schauwer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Sarne De Vliegher
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gerlinde R. van de Walle
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maarten Hoogewijs
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Govaere
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maria Cornelissen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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10
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Regan DP, Aarnio MC, Davis WS, Carmichael KP, Vandenplas ML, Lauderdale JD, Moore PA. Characterization of cytokines associated with Th17 cells in the eyes of horses with recurrent uveitis. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:145-52. [PMID: 22051225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a spontaneous disease that is the most common cause of blindness in horses, affecting up to 15% of the horse population. Th17 cells are a major cell population driving the pathogenesis in several mouse models of autoimmune inflammation, including experimental autoimmune uveitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role a Th17 cell-mediated response plays in the pathogenesis of ERU. PROCEDURE Banked, Davidson's-fixed equine globes histopathologically diagnosed with ERU (n = 7) were compared immunohistochemically with healthy control globes (n = 7). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a pan-Leptospira antibody and antibodies against IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23. Additionally, immunostaining was performed for T-cell (CD3) and B-cell (CD79α) markers. Specificity of immunoreactivity was confirmed by western blot analysis. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining was positive for IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 within the cytoplasm of nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells and mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrating the iris, and ciliary body of ERU horses (n = 7) but negative in controls (n = 7). ERU-affected eyes were CD3 positive (n = 7) and CD79α negative (n = 7). Staining for Leptospira was negative in all ERU and control globes. CONCLUSIONS Strong immunoreactivity for IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23, in conjunction with the fact that T lymphocytes are the predominating inflammatory cells present in ERU, suggests that IL-17-secreting helper T-cells play a role in the pathogenesis of ERU. These findings suggest that horses with ERU may serve as a naturally occurring animal model for autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Regan
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, The University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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11
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Cramer SD, Breshears MA, Qualls HJ. Pathology in practice. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis with multifocal metastasis to the regional lymph nodes, lungs, and heart. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 238:581-3. [PMID: 21355798 DOI: 10.2460/javma.238.5.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Cramer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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12
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Knight CG, Munday JS, Peters J, Dunowska M. Equine penile squamous cell carcinomas are associated with the presence of equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences. Vet Pathol 2011; 48:1190-4. [PMID: 21282669 DOI: 10.1177/0300985810396516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forty cases of equine penile disease were screened with polymerase chain reaction for the presence of papillomaviral DNA. Cases consisted of 20 squamous cell carcinomas (average age of horse, 23.9 years) and 20 non-squamous cell carcinoma diseases (average age of horse, 13.3 years). All horses but one originated from the Northeastern United States. Breeds were not recorded. As based on MY09/MY11 consensus primers, DNA sequences from equine papillomavirus type 2 were amplified from 9 of 20 horses (45%) with penile squamous cell carcinoma and only 1 of 20 horses (5%) with non-squamous cell carcinoma penile disease. Equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA was the only papillomaviral DNA amplified from any of the 40 horses. Tissues from the 10 horses in which papillomaviral DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction were also screened with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The presence of papillomavirus was demonstrated in a subset of these by in situ hybridization (6 of 10) and immunohistochemistry (1 of 10). This report describes a possible association between equine penile squamous cell carcinomas and equine papillomavirus type 2. This study is also the first report of equine papillomavirus type 2 infection in North American horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Knight
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Kowalczyk L, Boehler A, Brunthaler R, Rathmanner M, Rijkenhuizen ABM. Squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses in two horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2010.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Moore AS, Beam SL, Rassnick KM, Provost R. Long-term control of mucocutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and metastases in a horse using piroxicam. Equine Vet J 2010; 35:715-8. [PMID: 14649366 DOI: 10.2746/042516403775696320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A S Moore
- Harrington Oncology Program, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536 , USA
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15
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Characterisation of the inflammatory reaction in equine idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis and diffuse eosinophilic enteritis. Equine Vet J 2010; 40:386-92. [DOI: 10.2746/042516408x312112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Verheij J, Jaspars EH, Valk PVD, Rozendaal L. Russell bodies in a skin biopsy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2009; 3:108. [PMID: 19946586 PMCID: PMC2783049 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-3-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of eosinophilic bodies in a skin biopsy can be found in a variety of situations and this may present a challenge to the pathologist. The differential diagnosis of these eosinophilic structures include microorganisms such as histoplasmosis or cryptococcosis, fungi, Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, deposits of amyloid or immunoglobulins, colloid bodies or elastic bodies. CASE PRESENTATION During a routine examination of a skin biopsy with actinic keratosis taken from the cheek of a 61-year-old man, clusters of eosinophilic bodies were seen within an inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis, both intracytoplasmic and extracellular. Using additional immunohistochemical staining, these structures were identified as polyclonal Russell bodies. CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic structures in a skin biopsy includes Russell bodies, an uncommon finding that may be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kafarnik C, Rawlings M, Dubielzig RR. Corneal stromal invasive squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective morphological description in 10 horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2009; 12:6-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2009.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Geburek F, Ohnesorge B, Deegen E, Doeleke R, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Alterations of epidermal proliferation and cytokeratin expression in skin biopsies from heavy draught horses with chronic pastern dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2006; 16:373-84. [PMID: 16359304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the historical, clinical and histopathological characteristics of skin lesions in biopsies from 37 heavy draught horses with chronic pastern dermatitis. The skin lesions were divided into four macroscopic groups: scaling (group I, n=5), hyperkeratotic and hyperplastic plaque-like lesions (group II, n=14), nodular skin masses (group III, n=16) and verrucous skin lesions (group IV, n=2). The principal histological findings were hyperkeratosis and epidermal hyperplasia. There was a gradual increase in epidermal hyperplasia from groups I to IV, suggesting that the lesions represent different stages of disease. In all cases, there was perivascular dermatitis dominated by T lymphocytes with an increase in MHC class II-positive dendritic-like cells. Immunohistochemical labelling for cytokeratins CK5/6(4), CK10 and CK14 indicated a change in their expression pattern. This correlated with the degree of epidermal hyperplasia, indicating abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of skin lesions and several other factors including increasing age, increasing cannon circumference, prominence of anatomical structures such as fetlock tufts of hairs, ergots and chestnuts, and bulges in the fetlock region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Geburek
- Klinik für Pferde, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
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Shibahara T, Takai H, Shimizu C, Ishikawa Y, Kadota K. Equine renal granuloma caused by Halicephalobus species. Vet Rec 2002; 151:672-4. [PMID: 12498412 DOI: 10.1136/vr.151.22.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Shibahara
- Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan
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Takahashi T, Hagiwara A, Ezura K, Shibahara T, Kadota K. Myeloblastic leukemia with massive neoplastic infiltration of the skin and mediastinum in a cow. J Vet Med Sci 2000; 62:461-4. [PMID: 10823738 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.62.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An acute myeloblastic leukemia was found in a 3.5-year-old Holstein cow. The neoplasm was characterized by massive tumor growths, and there were multiple tumor nodules in the dermis or subcutis and a large tumor mass in the mediastinum. This tumor showed negative reactivity for CD3, CD79a, major histocompatibility complex class II and myeloid/histiocyte antigen. Ultrastructural features such as dispersed cytoplasmic granules and poorly developed organelles were compatible with those of early promyelocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Tochigi Prefectural Animal Hygiene Laboratory, Hiraide Kogyo-Danchi, Utsunomiya, Japan
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Pérez J, Day MJ, Martín MP, González S, Mozos E. Immunohistochemical study of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and precancerous lesions (actinic keratosis). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 69:33-46. [PMID: 10490233 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of T lymphocytes (CD3+), B lymphocytes (CD79+), immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells (IgG, IgM and IgA), macrophages (Mac387+) and MHC Class II antigen was analysed in the inflammatory infiltrate associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) from 23 cats. Peri-tumoural skin (12 cases) and precancerous lesions of actinic keratosis (nine cases) were also evaluated for the expression of MHC Class II. The results revealed that an abundant inflammatory infiltrate was associated with the majority of SCC. This infiltrate was composed mainly of CD3+ T lymphocytes, B cells (CD79+) and IgG-bearing plasma cells, and the intensity of infiltration increased with the degree of invasiveness of the tumour. The number of CD3+ T cells and CD79+ cells was significantly increased in well-differentiated SCC compared with moderately differentiated tumours, whereas the number of IgM+, IgA+ plasma cells and Mac387+ macrophages was low or moderate and did not change significantly with histologic grade or invasiveness. MHC Class II antigen was expressed by infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages, and by fibroblasts. A variable number of neoplastic cells (10% to 80%) in 10 SCC, and keratinocytes of basal layers in seven of nine cases of actinic keratosis also expressed MHC Class II, whereas keratinocytes of normal skin were always negative for this antigen. These results suggest that CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD79+ B cells and IgG-bearing plasma cells may participate in down-regulation of tumour growth, since these cell types were particularly numerous in well-differentiated and mildly invasive SCC, as well as in actinic keratosis. The expression of MHC Class II by neoplastic cells could enhance this local anti-tumour immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria de Córdoba, Spain
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