1
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Miura S, Horisawa K, Iwamori T, Tsujino S, Inoue K, Karasawa S, Yamamoto J, Ohkawa Y, Sekiya S, Suzuki A. Hepatocytes differentiate into intestinal epithelial cells through a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal cell state in culture. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3940. [PMID: 38750036 PMCID: PMC11096382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes play important roles in the liver, but in culture, they immediately lose function and dedifferentiate into progenitor-like cells. Although this unique feature is well-known, the dynamics and mechanisms of hepatocyte dedifferentiation and the differentiation potential of dedifferentiated hepatocytes (dediHeps) require further investigation. Here, we employ a culture system specifically established for hepatic progenitor cells to study hepatocyte dedifferentiation. We found that hepatocytes dedifferentiate with a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype, which is required for the induction and maintenance of dediHeps, and exhibit Vimentin-dependent propagation, upon inhibition of the Hippo signaling pathway. The dediHeps re-differentiate into mature hepatocytes by forming aggregates, enabling reconstitution of hepatic tissues in vivo. Moreover, dediHeps have an unexpected differentiation potential into intestinal epithelial cells that can form organoids in three-dimensional culture and reconstitute colonic epithelia after transplantation. This remarkable plasticity will be useful in the study and treatment of intestinal metaplasia and related diseases in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Miura
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Horisawa
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tokuko Iwamori
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsujino
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuya Inoue
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satsuki Karasawa
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamamoto
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sekiya
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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2
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Unterweger IA, Klepstad J, Hannezo E, Lundegaard PR, Trusina A, Ober EA. Lineage tracing identifies heterogeneous hepatoblast contribution to cell lineages and postembryonic organ growth dynamics. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002315. [PMID: 37792696 PMCID: PMC10550115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the physiological demands of the body, organs need to establish a functional tissue architecture and adequate size as the embryo develops to adulthood. In the liver, uni- and bipotent progenitor differentiation into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), and their relative proportions, comprise the functional architecture. Yet, the contribution of individual liver progenitors at the organ level to both fates, and their specific proportion, is unresolved. Combining mathematical modelling with organ-wide, multispectral FRaeppli-NLS lineage tracing in zebrafish, we demonstrate that a precise BEC-to-hepatocyte ratio is established (i) fast, (ii) solely by heterogeneous lineage decisions from uni- and bipotent progenitors, and (iii) independent of subsequent cell type-specific proliferation. Extending lineage tracing to adulthood determined that embryonic cells undergo spatially heterogeneous three-dimensional growth associated with distinct environments. Strikingly, giant clusters comprising almost half a ventral lobe suggest lobe-specific dominant-like growth behaviours. We show substantial hepatocyte polyploidy in juveniles representing another hallmark of postembryonic liver growth. Our findings uncover heterogeneous progenitor contributions to tissue architecture-defining cell type proportions and postembryonic organ growth as key mechanisms forming the adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris. A. Unterweger
- University of Copenhagen, NNF Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Copenhagen N, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Klepstad
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, CSIC, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Pia R. Lundegaard
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ala Trusina
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elke A. Ober
- University of Copenhagen, NNF Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Copenhagen N, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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3
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Kawamata M, Suzuki HI, Kimura R, Suzuki A. Optimization of Cas9 activity through the addition of cytosine extensions to single-guide RNAs. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:672-691. [PMID: 37037965 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The precise regulation of the activity of Cas9 is crucial for safe and efficient editing. Here we show that the genome-editing activity of Cas9 can be constrained by the addition of cytosine stretches to the 5'-end of conventional single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Such a 'safeguard sgRNA' strategy, which is compatible with Cas12a and with systems for gene activation and interference via CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), leads to the length-dependent inhibition of the formation of functional Cas9 complexes. Short cytosine extensions reduced p53 activation and cytotoxicity in human pluripotent stem cells, and enhanced homology-directed repair while maintaining bi-allelic editing. Longer extensions further decreased on-target activity yet improved the specificity and precision of mono-allelic editing. By monitoring indels through a fluorescence-based allele-specific system and computational simulations, we identified optimal windows of Cas9 activity for a number of genome-editing applications, including bi-allelic and mono-allelic editing, and the generation and correction of disease-associated single-nucleotide substitutions via homology-directed repair. The safeguard-sgRNA strategy may improve the safety and applicability of genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kawamata
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi I Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ryota Kimura
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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4
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Shafritz DA, Ebrahimkhani MR, Oertel M. Therapeutic Cell Repopulation of the Liver: From Fetal Rat Cells to Synthetic Human Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:529. [PMID: 36831196 PMCID: PMC9954009 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor cells isolated from the fetal liver can provide a unique cell source to generate new healthy tissue mass. Almost 20 years ago, it was demonstrated that rat fetal liver cells repopulate the normal host liver environment via a mechanism akin to cell competition. Activin A, which is produced by hepatocytes, was identified as an important player during cell competition. Because of reduced activin receptor expression, highly proliferative fetal liver stem/progenitor cells are resistant to activin A and therefore exhibit a growth advantage compared to hepatocytes. As a result, transplanted fetal liver cells are capable of repopulating normal livers. Important for cell-based therapies, hepatic stem/progenitor cells containing repopulation potential can be separated from fetal hematopoietic cells using the cell surface marker δ-like 1 (Dlk-1). In livers with advanced fibrosis, fetal epithelial stem/progenitor cells differentiate into functional hepatic cells and out-compete injured endogenous hepatocytes, which cause anti-fibrotic effects. Although fetal liver cells efficiently repopulate the liver, they will likely not be used for human cell transplantation. Thus, utilizing the underlying mechanism of repopulation and developed methods to produce similar growth-advantaged cells in vitro, e.g., human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), this approach has great potential for developing novel cell-based therapies in patients with liver disease. The present review gives a brief overview of the classic cell transplantation models and various cell sources studied as donor cell candidates. The advantages of fetal liver-derived stem/progenitor cells are discussed, as well as the mechanism of liver repopulation. Moreover, this article reviews the potential of in vitro developed synthetic human fetal livers from iPSCs and their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Shafritz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mo R. Ebrahimkhani
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael Oertel
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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5
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Guo Z, Pu S, Li Y, Wang X, Hu S, Zhao H, Yang C, Zhou Z. Functional characterization of CD49f + hepatic stem/progenitor cells in adult mice liver. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:239-256. [PMID: 35166962 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic Stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) have gained a large amount of interest for treating acute liver disease. However, the isolation and identification of HSPCs are unclear due to the lack of cell-specific surface markers. To isolate adult HSPCs, we used cell surface-marking antibodies, including CD49f and Sca-1. Two subsets of putative HSPCs, Lin-CD45-Sca-1-CD49f+ (CD49f+) and Lin-CD45-Sca-1+CD49f- (Sca-1+) cells, were isolated from adult mice liver by flow cytometry. Robust proliferative activity and clonogenic activity were found in both CD49f+ and Sca-1+ cells through colony-forming tests and cell cycle analyses. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that CD49f+ cells expressed ALB and CK-19 while Sca-1+ cells expressed only ALB, indicating that CD49f+ cells were bipotential and capable of differentiating into hepatocyte and cholangiocyte. Consequently, PAS stain showed that differentiated CD49f+ and Sca-1+ cells synthesised glycogen, indicating they could differentiate into functional hepatocytes. mRNA expression profile indicated that both CD49f+ and Sca-1+ cells showed differential expression of genes that are associated with liver progenitor function such as Sox9 and EpCam. Moreover, two subsets of putative HSPCs were activated by DDC and we found that their abundance and proliferation increased with age. In summary, we hypothesized that CD49f+ cells were a type of potential HSPCs and may be utilised for clinical stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Suying Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China. .,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China. .,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zuping Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China. .,Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China. .,Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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6
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Dietary fructose promotes liver carcinogenesis by inducing the malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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7
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Freeburg SH, Goessling W. Hepatobiliary Differentiation: Principles from Embryonic Liver Development. Semin Liver Dis 2020; 40:365-372. [PMID: 32526786 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), the two endodermal cell types of the liver, originate from progenitor cells called hepatoblasts. Based principally on in vitro data, hepatoblasts are thought to be bipotent stem cells with the potential to produce both hepatocytes and BECs. However, robust in vivo evidence for this model has only recently emerged. We examine the molecular mechanisms that stimulate hepatoblast differentiation into hepatocytes or BECs. In the absence of extrinsic cues, the default fate of hepatoblasts is hepatocyte differentiation. Inductive cues from the hepatic portal vein, however, initiate transcription factor expression in hepatoblasts, driving biliary specification. Defining the mechanisms of hepatobiliary differentiation provides important insights into congenital disorders, such as Alagille syndrome, and may help to better characterize the poorly understood hepatic lineage relationships observed during regeneration from liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Freeburg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Ge JY, Zheng YW, Tsuchida T, Furuya K, Isoda H, Taniguchi H, Ohkohchi N, Oda T. Hepatic stellate cells contribute to liver regeneration through galectins in hepatic stem cell niche. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:425. [PMID: 32993816 PMCID: PMC7526193 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a critical cellular component in the hepatic stem cell niche, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in regulating the expansion of hepatic stem cells, liver regeneration, and fibrogenesis. However, the signaling of HSCs, particularly that involved in promoting hepatic stem cell expansion, remains unclear. While the overexpression of galectins has been identified in regenerating liver tissues, their involvement in cell-cell interactions between HSCs and hepatic stem cells remains to be elucidated. METHODS To generate a liver regeneration rat model and establish a hepatic oval cell microenvironment as a stem cell niche, 2-acetylaminofluorene treatment plus partial hepatectomy was performed. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the emergence of hepatic stem cells and their niche. Liver parenchymal cells, non-parenchymal cells, and HSCs were isolated for gene and protein expression analysis by qPCR or western blotting. To evaluate the effect of galectins on the colony-forming efficiency of hepatic stem cells, c-Kit-CD29+CD49f+/lowCD45-Ter-119- cells were cultured with recombinant galectin protein, galectin antibody, galectin-producing HSCs, and galectin-knockdown HSCs. RESULTS Following liver injury, the cytokeratin 19+ ductal cells were robustly induced together with the emergence of OV6+CD44+CD133+EpCAM+ hepatic stem cells. The activated desmin+ HSCs were recruited around the periportal area and markedly enriched in the galectin-positive domain compared to the other non-parenchymal cells. Notably, the HSC fraction isolated from regenerating liver was accompanied by dramatically elevated gene and protein expression of galectins. Hepatic stem cells co-cultured with HSCs significantly enhanced colony-forming efficiency. Conversely, single or double knockdown of galectin-1 and galectin-3 led into a significant function loss, impaired the co-cultured hepatic stem cells to attenuated colony size, inhibited colony frequency, and reduced total cell numbers in colonies. On the other hand, the promotive function of galectins was further confirmed by recombinant galectin protein supplementation and galectins blocking antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that galectins from activated HSCs contribute to hepatic stem cell expansion during liver regeneration, suggesting that galectins serve as important stem cell niche components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yun Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,School of Biotechnology and Heath Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tomonori Tsuchida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kinji Furuya
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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9
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MiR-126 Regulates Properties of SOX9 + Liver Progenitor Cells during Liver Repair by Targeting Hoxb6. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:706-720. [PMID: 32763157 PMCID: PMC7486193 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) have a remarkable contribution to the hepatocytes and ductal cells when normal hepatocyte proliferation is severely impaired. As a biomarker for LPCs, Sry-box 9 (Sox9) plays critical roles in liver homeostasis and repair in response to injury. However, the regulation mechanism of Sox9 in liver physiological and pathological state remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-126 positively regulated the expression of Sox9, the proliferation and differentiation of SOX9+ LPCs by suppressing the translation of homeobox b6 (Hoxb6). As a transcription factor, HOXB6 directly binds to the promoter of Sox9 to inhibit Sox9 expression, resulting in the destruction of the properties of SOX9+ LPCs in CCl4-induced liver injury. These findings revealed the role of miR-126 in regulating SOX9+ LPCs fate by targeting Hoxb6 in liver injury repair. Our findings suggest the potential role of miR-126 as a nucleic acid therapy drug target for liver failure. miR-126 promotes Sox9 expression and maintains SOX9+ LPCs in adult mouse livers HOXB6 suppresses properties of SOX9+ LPCs in chronic liver injury model HOXB6 negatively regulates Sox9 trans-activity miR-126 regulates properties of SOX9+ LPCs by targeting Hoxb6
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10
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Soares-da-Silva F, Peixoto M, Cumano A, Pinto-do-Ó P. Crosstalk Between the Hepatic and Hematopoietic Systems During Embryonic Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:612. [PMID: 32793589 PMCID: PMC7387668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generated during embryonic development are able to maintain hematopoiesis for the lifetime, producing all mature blood lineages. HSC transplantation is a widely used cell therapy intervention in the treatment of hematologic, autoimmune and genetic disorders. Its use, however, is hampered by the inability to expand HSCs ex vivo, urging for a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating their physiological expansion. In the adult, HSCs reside in the bone marrow, in specific microenvironments that support stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Conversely, while developing, HSCs are transiently present in the fetal liver, the major hematopoietic site in the embryo, where they expand. Deeper insights on the dynamics of fetal liver composition along development, and on how these different cell types impact hematopoiesis, are needed. Both, the hematopoietic and hepatic fetal systems have been extensively studied, albeit independently. This review aims to explore their concurrent establishment and evaluate to what degree they may cross modulate their respective development. As insights on the molecular networks that govern physiological HSC expansion accumulate, it is foreseeable that strategies to enhance HSC proliferation will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Soares-da-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Márcia Peixoto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U1223, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Perpetua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Miura S, Suzuki A. Induction of Steatohepatitis and Liver Tumorigenesis by Enforced Snail Expression in Hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1271-1283. [PMID: 32188584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Snail is a transcription factor that regulates many cellular events involved in development, homeostasis, and disease. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Snail induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that confers invasive properties on tumor cells during HCC progression and malignancy. Snail activation observed in HCC mouse models suggests its involvement not only in progression, but also onset of HCC. However, it remains unclear whether Snail directly contributes to HCC initiation or whether it supports HCC initiation promoted by other oncogenes. In this study, we generated mouse models for liver-specific and hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Snail to show the independent roles of Snail in liver homeostasis and disease. Enforced Snail expression resulted in liver and hepatocyte enlargement, inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, substantial increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and bile acids, yellow discoloration of tissues caused by bilirubin accumulation, and liver tumorigenesis. Snail overexpression suppressed mRNA expression of the tight junction components claudins and occludin and that of proteins associated with bile acid metabolism, leading to disruption of the biliary canaliculus formed among hepatocytes and excretion of abnormal amounts of unusual bile acids from hepatocytes. In conclusion, enforced Snail expression in hepatocytes is sufficient for induction of steatohepatitis and liver tumorigenesis through disruption of the biliary canaliculus and bile acid homeostasis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Miura
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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12
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Kino J, Ichinohe N, Ishii M, Suzuki H, Mizuguchi T, Tanimizu N, Mitaka T. Self-Renewal Capability of Hepatocytic Parental Progenitor Cells Derived From Adult Rat Liver Is Maintained Long Term When Cultured on Laminin 111 in Serum-Free Medium. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:21-37. [PMID: 31909353 PMCID: PMC6939498 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how the ability of hepatocytic parental progenitor cells (HPPCs) to self‐renew can be maintained and how laminin (LN) isoforms play an important role in their self‐renewal and maturation. Hepatocytes isolated from adult rat livers were cultured on hyaluronic acid to form colonies consisting of CD44+ small hepatocytes, which could be passaged on dishes coated with Matrigel. When second‐passage cells were plated on Matrigel, LN111, or LN511, HPPCs appeared on Matrigel and LN111 but not on LN511. We identified two types of cells among the second‐passage cells: Small, round cells and large, flat ones were observed on Matrigel, whereas the former and latter ones were specifically attached on LN111 and LN511, respectively. We hypothesized that small and round cells are the origin of HPPC colonies, and the binding to LN111 could be key to maintaining their self‐renewal capability. Among the integrins involved in LN binding, integrins α3 and β1 were expressed in colonies on LN111 more than in those on LN511, whereas β4 was more strongly expressed in colonies on LN511. Integrin α3highα6β1high cells could form HPPC colonies on LN111 but not on LN511, whereas integrin α6β1low cells could not on either LN111 or LN511. In addition, neutralizing anti‐integrin β1 and anti‐LN111 antibodies inhibited the passaged cells’ ability to attach and form colonies on LN111 by HPPCs. Matrigel overlay induced second‐passage cells growing on LN111 to increase their expression of hepatic functional genes and to form 3‐dimensional colonies with bile canalicular networks, whereas such a shift was poorly induced when they were grown onLN511. Conclusion: These results suggest that the self‐renewal capability of HPPCs depends on LN111 through integrin β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Kino
- Department of Tissue Development and Regeneration Research Institute for Frontier Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.,Medical Regulatory Affairs Department Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Tokyo Japan
| | - Norihisa Ichinohe
- Department of Tissue Development and Regeneration Research Institute for Frontier Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishii
- Department of Tissue Development and Regeneration Research Institute for Frontier Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.,Department of Surgery Surgical Oncology and Science Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Toru Mizuguchi
- Department of Surgery Surgical Oncology and Science Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimizu
- Department of Tissue Development and Regeneration Research Institute for Frontier Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mitaka
- Department of Tissue Development and Regeneration Research Institute for Frontier Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
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13
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Wang W, Wan L, Chen Z, Jin X, Li D. Myofibroblasts control the proliferation of fetal hepatoblasts and their differentiated cholangiocytes during the hepatoblast-to-cholangiocyte transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:845-851. [PMID: 31801666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells in the liver provide the microenvironment for hepatoblasts expansion and differentiation. We have previously demonstrated that myofibroblasts (MFs) promoted hepatoblasts differentiation into cholangiocytes, whereas its role in controlling the proliferation of hepatoblasts and their differentiated cholangiocytes remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of MFs in regulating the proliferation of hepatoblasts and their differentiated cholangiocytes using an indirect coculture system. When cocultured with hepatoblasts, MFs promoted hepatoblasts differentiation into cholangiocytes and inhibited the proliferation and stemness of hepatoblasts. However, when hepatoblasts already differentiated into cholangiocytes, MFs promoted the differentiated cholangiocytes proliferation. In addition, hepatoblast proliferation genes such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 and 2 (IGF-1 and 2), midkine 1 (Mdk1), and pleiotrophin (Ptn) expression in MFs were down-regulated compared with their levels in fibroblasts. Our findings uncover the role of MFs in controlling the proliferation of hepatoblasts and their differentiated cholangiocytes, potentially providing a novel therapeutic strategy for cholangiocyte regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dewei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Terada M, Kawamata M, Kimura R, Sekiya S, Nagamatsu G, Hayashi K, Horisawa K, Suzuki A. Generation of
Nanog
reporter mice that distinguish pluripotent stem cells from unipotent primordial germ cells. Genesis 2019; 57:e23334. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Terada
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Masaki Kawamata
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryota Kimura
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Sayaka Sekiya
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Go Nagamatsu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kenichi Horisawa
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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15
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Long-Term Culture of Mouse Fetal Hepatic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30536085 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8961-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Mouse fetal liver includes abundant hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Easy expansion with passage of HSPCs is necessary to obtain steady data. However, it is often difficult to enrich only HSPCs, and HSPCs can die when usual trypsin is used for replating. Here, we introduce serum-free long-term culture with passage of HSPCs using fetal mouse liver without a cell sorter.
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16
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Differentiation potential of the cells in the macula flava of the human vocal fold mucosa. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:164-170. [PMID: 30558911 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The latest research suggests cells in the maculae flavae located at both ends of the lamina propria of the human vocal fold mucosa have stemness. This study investigated the differentiation potential of the cells in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold mucosa. Four normal human adult vocal folds from surgical specimens were used. After extraction of the anterior maculae flavae located at the anterior end of the lamina propria of the human vocal fold mucosa under microscope, the maculae flavae were minced, cultured and proliferated in mesenchymal stem cell growth medium and morphological features were assessed. Cell surface markers were detected using flow cytometry. Cell differentiation into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages was performed. Cell's differentiation potential was assessed using a human pluripotent stem cell functional identification kit and immunohistochemistry. Subcultured cells formed a colony-forming unit. Subcultured cells expressed CD90, CD105 and CD73 and lacked expression of CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD19 and HLA-DR. They differentiated into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Consequently, the cell features in the maculae flavae meet the minimal criteria defining mesenchymal stromal cells. In addition, subcultured cells differentiated into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm and expressed stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3). The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the cells in the maculae flavae in the lamina propria of the human vocal fold mucosa are putative stem cells.
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17
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Huang J, Zhao X, Wang J, Cheng Y, Wu Q, Wang B, Zhao F, Meng L, Zhang Y, Jin M, Xu H. Distinct roles of Dlk1 isoforms in bi-potential differentiation of hepatic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:31. [PMID: 30646961 PMCID: PMC6334473 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fully understanding the developmental process of hepatic stem cells (HSCs) and the mechanisms of their committed differentiation is essential for optimizing the generation of functional hepatocytes for cell therapy in liver disease. Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), primarily the membrane-bound form (Dlk1M), is generally used as a surface marker for fetal hepatic stem cell isolation, while its soluble form (Dlk1S) and the functional roles of different Dlk1 isoforms in HSC differentiation remain to be investigated. METHODS Hepatic spheroid-derived cells (HSDCs) were isolated from E12.5 mouse livers to obtain Dlk1+ and Dlk1-subpopulations. Colony formation, BrdU staining, and CCK8 assays were used to evaluate the cell proliferation capacity, and hepatic/cholangiocytic differentiation and osteogenesis/adipogenesis were used to assess the multipotency of the two subpopulations. Transformation of Dlk1+ cells into Dlk1- cells was detected by FACS, and the expression of Dlk1 isoforms were measured by western blot. The distinct roles and regulatory mechanisms of Dlk1 isoforms in HSC differentiation were investigated by overexpressing Dlk1M. RESULTS HSDCs were capable of differentiating into liver and mesenchymal lineages, comprising Dlk1+ and Dlk1- subpopulations. Dlk1+ cells expressed both Dlk1M and Dlk1S and lost expression of Dlk1M during passaging, thus transforming into Dlk1- cells, which still contained Dlk1S. Dlk1- cells maintained a self-renewal ability similar to that of Dlk1+ cells, but their capacity to differentiate into cholangiocytes was obviously enhanced. Forced expression of Dlk1M in Dlk1- cells restored their ability to differentiate into hepatocytes, with an attenuated ability to differentiate into cholangiocytes, suggesting a functional role of Dlk1 in regulating HSC differentiation in addition to acting as a biomarker. Further experiments illustrated that the regulation of committed HSC differentiation by Dlk1 was mediated by the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, bFGF was found to serve as an important inducement for the loss of Dlk1M from Dlk1+ cells, and autophagy might be involved. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study uncovered the differential expression and regulatory roles of Dlk1 isoforms in the commitment of HSC differentiation and suggested that Dlk1 functions as a key regulator that instructs cell differentiation rather than only as a marker of HSCs. Thus, our findings expand the current understanding of the differential regulation of bi-potential HSC differentiation and provide a fine-tuning target for cell therapy in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Huang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Yiji Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Huanbai Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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18
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Jiang Y, Feng D, Ma X, Fan S, Gao Y, Fu K, Wang Y, Sun J, Yao X, Liu C, Zhang H, Xu L, Liu A, Gonzalez FJ, Yang Y, Gao B, Huang M, Bi H. Pregnane X Receptor Regulates Liver Size and Liver Cell Fate by Yes-Associated Protein Activation in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 69:343-358. [PMID: 30048004 PMCID: PMC6324985 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor that controls xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism, is known to induce liver enlargement, but the molecular signals and cell types responding to PXR-induced hepatomegaly remain unknown. In this study, the effect of PXR activation on liver enlargement and cell change was evaluated in several strains of genetically modified mice and animal models. Lineage labeling using AAV-Tbg-Cre-treated Rosa26EYFP mice or Sox9-CreERT , Rosa26EYFP mice was performed and Pxr-null mice or AAV Yap short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-treated mice were used to confirm the role of PXR or yes-associated protein (YAP). Treatment with selective PXR activators induced liver enlargement and accelerated regeneration in wild-type (WT) and PXR-humanized mice, but not in Pxr-null mice, by increase of cell size, induction of a regenerative hybrid hepatocyte (HybHP) reprogramming, and promotion of hepatocyte and HybHP proliferation. Mechanistically, PXR interacted with YAP and PXR activation induced nuclear translocation of YAP. Blockade of YAP abolished PXR-induced liver enlargement in mice. Conclusion: These findings revealed a function of PXR in enlarging liver size and changing liver cell fate by activation of the YAP signaling pathway. These results have implications for understanding the physiological functions of PXR and suggest the potential for manipulation of liver size and liver cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shicheng Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinpeng Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leqian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiming Liu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Correspondence to: Hui-chang Bi, Ph.D., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China, Phone: +86-20-39943470, Fax: +86-20-39943000,
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19
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Zhang RR, Zheng YW, Li B, Nie YZ, Ueno Y, Tsuchida T, Taniguchi H. Hepatic stem cells with self-renewal and liver repopulation potential are harbored in CDCP1-positive subpopulations of human fetal liver cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:29. [PMID: 29402311 PMCID: PMC5800061 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mature human hepatocytes are critical in preclinical research and therapy for liver disease, but are difficult to manipulate and expand in vitro. Hepatic stem cells (HpSCs) may be an alternative source of functional hepatocytes for cell therapy and disease modeling. Since these cells play an import role in regenerative medicine, the precise characterization that determines specific markers used to isolate these cells as well as whether they contribute to liver regeneration still remain to be shown. Method In this study, human HpSCs were isolated from human primary fetal liver cells (FLCs) by flow cytometry using CDCP1, CD90, and CD66 antibodies. The isolated CDCP1+CD90+CD66– HpSCs were cultured on dishes coated with type IV collagen in DMEM nutrient mixture F-12 Ham supplemented with FBS, human γ-insulin, nicotinamide, dexamethasone, and l-glutamine for at least 2 weeks, and were characterized by transcriptomic profiling, quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, and in-vivo transplantation. Results The purified CDCP1+CD90+CD66– subpopulation exhibited clonal expansion and self-renewal capability, and bipotential capacity was further identified in single cell-derived colonies containing distinct hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Moreover, in-vivo liver repopulation assays demonstrated that human CDCP1+CD90+CD66– HpSCs repopulated over 90% of the mouse liver and differentiated into functional hepatocytes with drug metabolism activity. Conclusions We identified a human hepatic stem/progenitor population in the CDCP1+CD90+CD66– subpopulation in human FLCs, indicating CDCP1 marker could potentially be utilized to identify and isolate HpSCs for further cytotherapy of liver disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0747-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology and Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Gastroenterological Surgical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan. .,Research Center of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Jiangsu University Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yun-Zhong Nie
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsuchida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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20
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Flores-Téllez TNJ, Villa-Treviño S, Piña-Vázquez C. Road to stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6750-6776. [PMID: 29085221 PMCID: PMC5645611 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic process has been proposed to relay on the capacity to induce local tissue damage and proliferative repair. Liver has a great regeneration capacity and currently, most studies point towards the dominant role of hepatocytes in regeneration at all levels of liver damage. The most frequent liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Historical findings originally led to the idea that the cell of origin of HCC might be a progenitor cell. However, current linage tracing studies put the progenitor hypothesis of HCC origin into question. In agreement with their dominant role in liver regeneration, mature hepatocytes are emerging as the cell of origin of HCC, although, the specific hepatocyte subpopulation of origin is yet to be determined. The relationship between the cancer cell of origin (CCO) and cancer-propagating cells, known as hepatic cancer stem cell (HCSC) is unknown. It has been challenging to identify the definitive phenotypic marker of HCSC, probably due to the existence of different cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulations with different functions within HCC. There is a dynamic interconversion among different CSCs, and between CSC and non-CSCs. Because of that, CSC-state is currently defined as a description of a highly adaptable and dynamic intrinsic property of tumor cells, instead of a static subpopulation of a tumor. Altered conditions could trigger the gain of stemness, some of them include: EMT-MET, epigenetics, microenvironment and selective stimulus such as chemotherapy. This CSC heterogeneity and dynamism makes them out reach from therapeutic protocols directed to a single target. A further avenue of research in this line will be to uncover mechanisms that trigger this interconversion of cell populations within tumors and target it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita NJ Flores-Téllez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Piña-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Ciudad de México, México
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21
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A unique microenvironment in the developing liver supports the expansion of megakaryocyte progenitors. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1854-1866. [PMID: 29296832 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetal liver is the site of a major expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and is also a privileged organ to study megakaryocyte progenitor differentiation. We identified in the mouse fetal liver at day 13.5 a discrete stromal cell population harboring a CD45-TER119-CD31-CD51+VCAM-1+PDGFRα- (V+P-) phenotype that lacked colony-forming unit fibroblast activity and harbored an hepatocyte progenitor signature. This previously undescribed V+P- population efficiently supported megakaryocyte production from mouse bone marrow HSC and human peripheral blood HSC-myeloid progenitors cultured in the presence of limited cytokine concentrations. Megakaryocytes obtained in V+P- cocultures were polyploid, positive for CD41/CD42c, and efficiently produced proplatelets. Megakaryocyte production appeared to be mediated by an expansion of the progenitor compartment through HSC-stromal cell contact. In conclusion, the fetal liver contains a unique cellular microenvironment that could represent a platform for the discovery of regulators of megakaryopoiesis.
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22
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Tan AKY, Loh KM, Ang LT. Evaluating the regenerative potential and functionality of human liver cells in mice. Differentiation 2017; 98:25-34. [PMID: 29078082 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases afflict millions of patients worldwide. Currently, the only long-term treatment for liver failure is the transplantation of a new liver. However, intravenously transplanting a suspension of human hepatocytes might be a less-invasive approach to partially reconstitute lost liver functions in human patients as evinced by promising outcomes in clinical trials. The purpose of this essay is to emphasize outstanding questions that continue to surround hepatocyte transplantation. While adult primary human hepatocytes are the gold standard for transplantation, hepatocytes are heterogeneous. Whether all hepatocytes engraft equally and what specifically defines an "engraftable" hepatocyte capable of long-term liver reconstitution remains unclear. To this end, mouse models of liver injury enable the evaluation of human hepatocytes and their behavior upon transplantation into a complex injured liver environment. While mouse models may not be fully representative of the injured human liver and human hepatocytes tend to engraft mice less efficiently than mouse hepatocytes, valuable lessons have nonetheless been learned from transplanting human hepatocytes into mouse models. With an eye to the future, it will be crucial to eventually detail the optimal biological source (whether in vivo- or in vitro-derived) and presumptive heterogeneity of human hepatocytes and to understand the mechanisms through which they engraft and regenerate liver tissue in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antson Kiat Yee Tan
- Stem Cell&Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lay Teng Ang
- Stem Cell&Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
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23
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Ikeda T, Uchiyama I, Iwasaki M, Sasaki T, Nakagawa M, Okita K, Masui S. Artificial acceleration of mammalian cell reprogramming by bacterial proteins. Genes Cells 2017; 22:918-928. [PMID: 28776863 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of cell reprogramming and differentiation involve various signaling factors. Small molecule compounds have been identified to artificially influence these factors through interacting cellular proteins. Although such small molecule compounds are useful to enhance reprogramming and differentiation and to show the mechanisms that underlie these events, the screening usually requires a large number of compounds to identify only a very small number of hits (e.g., one hit among several tens of thousands of compounds). Here, we show a proof of concept that xenospecific gene products can affect the efficiency of cell reprogramming to pluripotency. Thirty genes specific for the bacterium Wolbachia pipientis were forcibly expressed individually along with reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) that can generate induced pluripotent stem cells in mammalian cells, and eight were found to affect the reprogramming efficiency either positively or negatively (hit rate 26.7%). Mechanistic analysis suggested one of these proteins interacted with cytoskeleton to promote reprogramming. Our results raise the possibility that xenospecific gene products provide an alternative way to study the regulatory mechanism of cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikeda
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchiyama
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mio Iwasaki
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Sasaki
- Honeybee Science Research Center, Research Institute, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Masui
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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24
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Deurholt T, ten Bloemendaal L, Chhatta AA, van Wijk ACWA, Weijer K, Seppen J, Elferink RPJO, Chamuleau RAFM, Hoekstra R. In Vitro Functionality of Human Fetal Liver Cells and Clonal Derivatives under Proliferative Conditions. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:811-22. [PMID: 17269451 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783464417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature human hepatocytes are not suitable for large-scale in vitro applications that rely on hepatocyte function, due to their limited availability and insufficient proliferation capacity in vitro. In contrast, human fetal liver cells (HFLC) can be easily expanded in vitro. In this study we evaluated the hepatic function of HFLCs under proliferative conditions, to determine whether HFLCs can replace mature hepatocytes for in vitro applications. HFLCs were isolated from fetal livers of 16 weeks gestation. Hepatic functions of HFLCs were determined in primary culture and after expansion in vitro. Clonal derivatives were selected and tested for hepatic functionality. Results were compared to primary mature human hepatocytes in vitro. No differences were observed between primary HFLCs and mature human hepatocytes in albumin production and mRNA levels of various liver-specific genes. Ureagenesis was 4.4-fold lower and ammonia elimination was absent in HFLCs. Expanding HFLCs decreased hepatic functions and increased cell stretching. In contrast, clonal derivatives had stable functionality and morphology and responded to differentiation stimuli. Although their hepatic functions were higher than in passaged HFLCs, functionality was at least 20 times lower compared to mature human hepatocytes. HFLCs cannot replace mature human hepatocytes in in vitro applications requiring extensive in vitro expansion, because this is associated with decreased hepatic functionality. Selecting functional subpopulations can, at least partly, prevent this. In addition, defining conditions that support hepatic differentiation is necessary to obtain HFLC cultures suitable for in vitro hepatic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Deurholt
- AMC Liver Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Suzuki A, Oyama K, Fukao K, Nakauchi H, Taniguchi H. Establishment of Clonal Colony-Forming Assay System for Pancreatic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells found in a number of organs are usually in small cell populations. However, under adaptive stimulation, they enter the stage of growth and differentiation to compensate for the loss of differentiated cells. To analyze stem cell potential precisely, the exclusion of other differentiated cells and a clonal assay system are strongly required. In this study, we established a colony-forming assay system for pancreatic stem/progenitor cells in vitro. In this culture condition, they received signals for growth and differentiation, and formed clonal colonies including pancreatic endocrine-lineage cells, such as α and β cells. By combining this culture system with flow cytometric cell sorting, pancreatic stem/progenitor cells will be enriched, and their potential can be analyzed precisely in single cell-based experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Oyama
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Katashi Fukao
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, and CREST (Japan Science and Technology Corporation), 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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26
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Kobayashi N, Tanaka N. Engineering of Human Hepatocyte Lines for Cell Therapies in Humans: Prospects and Remaining Hurdles. Cell Transplant 2017; 11:417-420. [PMID: 28866930 DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-based biological therapies are increasingly envisioned for temporary support in acute liver failure and provision of specific-liver functions in liver-based metabolic deficiency. One of the hurdles to develop such therapies is severe shortage of human livers for hepatocyte isolation. To address the issue, we have focused on reversible immortalization of human hepatocytes. Such technology can allow rapid preparation of functional and uniform human hepatocytes. Here we present our strategy to construct transplantable human hepatocyte cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.,Japan Health Sciences Foundation
| | - Noriaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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27
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Miyashita H, Suzuki A, Fukao K, Nakauchi H, Taniguchi H. Evidence for Hepatocyte Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We confirmed hepatocyte differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. RT-PCR analysis revealed that a broad range of hepatic gene expression was observed in ES cells differentiated through formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and its attachment culture. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that hepatic gene expression related to early and late-stage liver development were enhanced through in vitro differentiation of ES cells. The presence of albumin-producing cells in the peripheral region of attached EBs was confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis. Future experiments will reveal the molecules that induce hepatocyte differentiation from ES cells in vitro. This research will provide systems for the investigation of mechanisms in liver development and establish a method of ES cell-based therapy for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyashita
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Katashi Fukao
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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28
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Krebsbach PH, Villa-Diaz LG. The Role of Integrin α6 (CD49f) in Stem Cells: More than a Conserved Biomarker. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1090-1099. [PMID: 28494695 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells that form and repopulated all tissues and organs, from conception to adult life. Depending on their capacity for differentiation, stem cells are classified as totipotent (ie, zygote), pluripotent (ie, embryonic stem cells), multipotent (ie, neuronal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, epithelial stem cells, etc.), and unipotent (ie, spermatogonial stem cells). Adult or tissue-specific stem cells reside in specific niches located in, or nearby, their organ or tissue of origin. There, they have microenvironmental support to remain quiescent, to proliferate as undifferentiated cells (self-renewal), and to differentiate into progenitors or terminally differentiated cells that migrate from the niche to perform specialized functions. The presence of proteins at the cell surface is often used to identify, classify, and isolate stem cells. Among the diverse groups of cell surface proteins used for these purposes, integrin α6, also known as CD49f, may be the only biomarker commonly found in more than 30 different populations of stem cells, including some cancer stem cells. This broad expression among stem cell populations indicates that integrin α6 may play an important and conserved role in stem cell biology, which is reaffirmed by recent demonstrations of its role maintaining self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells and breast and glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Therefore, this review intends to highlight and synthesize new findings on the importance of integrin α6 in stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Krebsbach
- 1 School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Luis G Villa-Diaz
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University , Rochester, Michigan
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29
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Terada M, Horisawa K, Miura S, Takashima Y, Ohkawa Y, Sekiya S, Matsuda-Ito K, Suzuki A. Kupffer cells induce Notch-mediated hepatocyte conversion in a common mouse model of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34691. [PMID: 27698452 PMCID: PMC5048166 DOI: 10.1038/srep34691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm composed of cells resembling cholangiocytes that line the intrahepatic bile ducts in portal areas of the hepatic lobule. Although ICC has been defined as a tumor arising from cholangiocyte transformation, recent evidence from genetic lineage-tracing experiments has indicated that hepatocytes can be a cellular origin of ICC by directly changing their fate to that of biliary lineage cells. Notch signaling has been identified as an essential factor for hepatocyte conversion into biliary lineage cells at the onset of ICC. However, the mechanisms underlying Notch signal activation in hepatocytes remain unclear. Here, using a mouse model of ICC, we found that hepatic macrophages called Kupffer cells transiently congregate around the central veins in the liver and express the Notch ligand Jagged-1 coincident with Notch activation in pericentral hepatocytes. Depletion of Kupffer cells prevents the Notch-mediated cell-fate conversion of hepatocytes to biliary lineage cells, inducing hepatocyte apoptosis and increasing mortality in mice. These findings will be useful for uncovering the pathogenic mechanism of ICC and developing prevenient and therapeutic strategies for this refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Terada
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Horisawa
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miura
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takashima
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sekiya
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanae Matsuda-Ito
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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30
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Yanagida A, Mizuno N, Yamazaki Y, Kato-Itoh M, Umino A, Sato H, Ito K, Yamaguchi T, Nakauchi H, Kamiya A. Investigation of bipotent differentiation of hepatoblasts using inducible diphtheria toxin receptor-transgenic mice. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:816-28. [PMID: 26584962 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatic progenitor cells, called hepatoblasts, are highly proliferative and exhibit bipotential differentiation into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in the fetal liver. Thus, they are the ideal source for transplantation therapy. Although several studies have been performed in vitro, the molecular mechanisms regulating hepatoblast differentiation in vivo following transplantation remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate an in vivo model to analyze hepatoblast bipotency and proliferative ability. METHODS Hepatic transplantation model using Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor-transgenic mice (iDTR), and albafpCre mice expressing Cre under the control of albumin and α-fetoprotein (AFP) regulatory elements were established. Fresh hepatoblasts were transplanted into diphtheria toxin (DT)-injected iDTRalbafpCre mice and we analyzed their differentiation and proliferation abilities by immunostaining and gene expression profiles. RESULTS Fresh hepatoblasts transplanted into DT-injected iDTRalbafpCre mice engrafted and differentiated into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Additionally, the number of engrafted hepatoblast-derived hepatocytes increased following partial hepatectomy and serial DT injections. Expression levels of hepatic functional genes in transplanted hepatoblast-derived hepatocytes were similar to that of normal hepatocytes. CONCLUSION In our iDTRalbafpCre transplantation model, fresh hepatoblasts could differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In addition, these donor cells were induced to proliferate by the following liver injury stimulation. This result suggests that this model is valuable for investigating hepatoblast differentiation pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naoak Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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31
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that the cells in the maculae flavae are tissue stem cells of the human vocal fold mucosa, and that the maculae flavae are a candidate for a stem cell niche. The role of microenvironment in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold mucosa was investigated. METHOD Anterior maculae flavae from six surgical specimens were cultured in a mesenchymal stem cell growth medium or a Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. RESULTS Using mesenchymal stem cell growth medium, the subcultured cells formed a colony-forming unit, and cell division reflected asymmetric self-renewal. This indicates that these cells are mesenchymal stem cells or stromal stem cells in the bone marrow. Using Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, the subcultured cells showed symmetric cell division without a colony-forming unit. CONCLUSION A proper microenvironment in the maculae flavae of the human vocal fold mucosa is necessary to be effective as a stem cell niche that maintains the stemness of the contained tissue stem cells.
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Abstract
Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types, and, in the human body, they reside in specialized microenvironments called "stem cell niches." Although several niches have been described and studied in vivo, their functional replication in vitro is still incomplete. The in vitro culture of pluripotent stem cells may represent one of the most advanced examples in the effort to create an artificial or synthetic stem cell niche. A focus has been placed on the development of human stem cell microenvironments due to their significant clinical implications, in addition to the potential differences between animal and human cells. In this concise review we describe the advances in human pluripotent stem cell culture, and explore the idea that the knowledge gained from this model could be replicated to create synthetic niches for other human stem cell populations, which have proven difficult to maintain in vitro.
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33
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Zhou T, Perry SF, Ming Y, Petryna S, Fluck V, Tatic-Lucic S. Separation and assisted patterning of hippocampal neurons from glial cells using positive dielectrophoresis. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:9965. [PMID: 26009274 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the separation of embryonic mouse hippocampal neurons from glial cells using a positive dielectrophoresis (DEP) process. Here, we have implemented a cell trapping-favorable, cell suspension solution with low conductivity. It enables positive dielectrophoresis for hippocampal neurons (thereby attracting them to the electrodes), while resulting in negative dielectrophoresis for glial cells (repelling them from the electrodes). We have systematically performed a mathematical simulation and analysis to anticipate the DEP frequency at which hippocampal neurons and glial cells are separated. Simulated DEP crossover frequencies have been experimentally verified, and new, refined glial dielectric and physical properties are suggested that better reflect the experimental results obtained. DEP movements of neurons and glial cells in targeted separation media were experimentally analyzed, under the specified electric signal. Additionally, we have confirmed our modeling results by selectively trapping neurons over electrodes on a custom-made, multi-electrode array (MEA), resulting in active recruitment of neurons over the stimulation and recording sites. This technique is a valuable addition to the toolbox for creating more functional and versatile multi-electrode arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA,
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34
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Kamiya A, Ito K, Yanagida A, Chikada H, Iwama A, Nakauchi H. MEK-ERK Activity Regulates the Proliferative Activity of Fetal Hepatoblasts Through Accumulation of p16/19cdkn2a. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2525-35. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Chikada
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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35
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CPM Is a Useful Cell Surface Marker to Isolate Expandable Bi-Potential Liver Progenitor Cells Derived from Human iPS Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:508-15. [PMID: 26365514 PMCID: PMC4624956 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop a culture system for large-scale production of mature hepatocytes, liver progenitor cells (LPCs) with a high proliferation potential would be advantageous. We have found that carboxypeptidase M (CPM) is highly expressed in embryonic LPCs, hepatoblasts, while its expression is decreased along with hepatic maturation. Consistently, CPM expression was transiently induced during hepatic specification from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). CPM+ cells isolated from differentiated hiPSCs at the immature hepatocyte stage proliferated extensively in vitro and expressed a set of genes that were typical of hepatoblasts. Moreover, the CPM+ cells exhibited a mature hepatocyte phenotype after induction of hepatic maturation and also underwent cholangiocytic differentiation in a three-dimensional culture system. These results indicated that hiPSC-derived CPM+ cells share the characteristics of LPCs, with the potential to proliferate and differentiate bi-directionally. Thus, CPM is a useful marker for isolating hiPSC-derived LPCs, which allows development of a large-scale culture system for producing hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. CPM is a novel marker for hepatoblasts during liver development Self-renewing hiPSC-derived CPM+ LPCs exhibit bi-potency in vitro An efficient and convenient protocol for the generation of hiPSC-derived LPCs
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Abstract
The liver is a central regulator of metabolism, and liver failure thus constitutes a major health burden. Understanding how this complex organ develops during embryogenesis will yield insights into how liver regeneration can be promoted and how functional liver replacement tissue can be engineered. Recent studies of animal models have identified key signaling pathways and complex tissue interactions that progressively generate liver progenitor cells, differentiated lineages and functional tissues. In addition, progress in understanding how these cells interact, and how transcriptional and signaling programs precisely coordinate liver development, has begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this complexity. Here, we review the lineage relationships, signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that orchestrate hepatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gordillo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valerie Gouon-Evans
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Conigliaro A, Costa V, Lo Dico A, Saieva L, Buccheri S, Dieli F, Manno M, Raccosta S, Mancone C, Tripodi M, De Leo G, Alessandro R. CD90+ liver cancer cells modulate endothelial cell phenotype through the release of exosomes containing H19 lncRNA. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:155. [PMID: 26272696 PMCID: PMC4536801 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD90+ liver cancer cells have been described as cancer stem-cell-like (CSC), displaying aggressive and metastatic phenotype. Using two different in vitro models, already described as CD90+ liver cancer stem cells, our aim was to study their interaction with endothelial cells mediated by the release of exosomes. Methods Exosomes were isolated and characterized from both liver CD90+ cells and hepatoma cell lines. Endothelial cells were treated with exosomes, as well as transfected with a plasmid containing the full length sequence of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19. Molecular and functional analyses were done to characterize the endothelial phenotype after treatments. Results Exosomes released by CD90+ cancer cells, but not by parental hepatoma cells, modulated endothelial cells, promoting angiogenic phenotype and cell-to-cell adhesion. LncRNA profiling revealed that CD90+ cells were enriched in lncRNA H19, and released this through exosomes. Experiments of gain and loss of function of H19 showed that this LncRNA plays an important role in the exosome-mediated phenotype of endothelial cells. Conclusions Our data indicate a new exosome-mediated mechanism by which CSC-like CD90+ cells could influence their tumor microenvironment by promoting angiogenesis. Moreover, we suggest the lncRNA H19 as a putative therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0426-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Conigliaro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, c/o Policlinico Umberto I, V Clinica Medica Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 324-00161, Italy.
| | - Viviana Costa
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Saieva
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Buccheri
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy.,Servizio di Diabetologia, Dipartimento per la cura e lo studio della patologie addominali e dei trapianti addominali, ISMETT IRCCS, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmine Mancone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, c/o Policlinico Umberto I, V Clinica Medica Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 324-00161, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Leo
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy. .,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy.
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Regulation of the survival and differentiation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells by acyclic retinoid. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:109. [PMID: 26021438 PMCID: PMC4448318 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic liver development, hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HpSCs) have a high proliferative ability and bipotency to differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Retinoic acid is a derivative of vitamin A and is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells in several tissues. However, whether retinoic acid regulates the characteristics of HpSCs in the normal liver is still unknown. A recent study has shown that acyclic retinoid regulates the survival and proliferation of HpSCs derived from mouse foetal liver. Acyclic retinoid suppressed the expansion of CD29+CD49f+ HpSCs through the induction of hepatocytic differentiation and progression of apoptosis.
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Guan HB, Nie YZ, Zheng YW, Takiguchi K, Yu HW, Zhang RR, Li B, Tsuchida T, Taniguchi H. Acyclic retinoid induces differentiation and apoptosis of murine hepatic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25881300 PMCID: PMC4417297 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The therapeutic potential of acyclic retinoid (ACR), a synthetic retinoid, has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies. Therapeutic targets include precancerous and cancer stem cells. As ACR is also involved in developmental processes, its effect on normal hepatic stem cells (HpSCs) should be investigated for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Here, we examined effects of the acyclic retinoid peretinoin on fresh isolated murine HpSCs. Methods We isolated c-kit−CD29+CD49f+/lowCD45−Ter119− cells from murine fetal livers using flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of ACR, we traced clonal expansion and analyzed cell differentiation as well as apoptosis during the induction process by immunofluorescent staining and marker gene expression. Results ACR dose-dependently inhibited HpSCs expansion. Stem cell clonal expansion was markedly inhibited during the culture period. Moreover, ACR showed a significant promotion of HpSC differentiation and induction of cellular apoptosis. The expression of stem cell marker genes, Afp, Cd44, and Dlk, was downregulated, while that of mature hepatocyte genes, Alb and Tat, and apoptosis-related genes, Annexin V and Caspase-3, were upregulated. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Annexin V-positive cells increased after ACR incubation compared with the control. Data obtained by immunofluorescent staining for albumin and Caspase-3 corroborated the data on gene expression. Finally, we found that ACR directly regulates the expression of retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. Conclusions These findings indicate that ACR inhibits the clonal expansion of normal HpSCs in vitro and promotes the differentiation of immature cells by regulating receptors of retinoic acid. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0046-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Guan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yun-Zhong Nie
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Gastroenterological Surgical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Takiguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hong-Wei Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Bin Li
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Tomonori Tsuchida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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40
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Kurita T, Sato K, Chitose SI, Fukahori M, Sueyoshi S, Umeno H. Origin of Vocal Fold Stellate Cells in the Human Macula Flava. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2015; 124:698-705. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489415578710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: There is growing evidence that vocal fold stellate cells (VFSCs) in the human maculae flavae are tissue stem cells of the human vocal fold and that the maculae flavae are a stem cell niche. The origin of the cells in the human maculae flavae (CHMF) and the relationship with bone marrow–derived cells were investigated. Methods: Five human adult vocal fold mucosae were investigated. The CHMF were subcultured and morphological features were assessed. Immunoreactivity to antibodies directed to cytokeratin, desmin, GFAP, vimentin, CD34, CD45, and collagen type I was investigated. Results: Cultured CHMF formed a colony-forming unit, indicating they are mesenchymal stem cells or stromal stem cells in the bone marrow. The CHMF expressed hematopoietic markers (CD34, CD45) and collagen type I, which are the major makers for bone marrow–derived circulating fibrocytes. The cultured CHMF expressed epithelium-associated, muscle-associated, neural-associated, and mesenchymal cell–associated proteins, indicating the CHMF are undifferentiated and express proteins of all 3 germ layers. Conclusions: The CHMF are undifferentiated cells derived from the differentiation of bone marrow cells. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the VFSCs are tissue stem cells or progenitor cells of the human vocal fold mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kiminori Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Chitose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mioko Fukahori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sueyoshi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hirohito Umeno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Kamiya A, Inagaki Y. Stem and progenitor cell systems in liver development and regeneration. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:29-37. [PMID: 24773763 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver comprises two stem/progenitor cell systems: fetal and adult liver stem/progenitor cells. Fetal hepatic progenitor cells, derived from foregut endoderm, differentiate into mature hepatocytes and cholangiocytes during liver development. Adult hepatic progenitor cells contribute to regeneration after severe and chronic liver injuries. However, the characteristics of these somatic hepatic stem/progenitor cells remain unknown. Culture systems that can be used to analyze these cells were recently established and hepatic stem/progenitor cell-specific surface markers including delta-like 1 homolog (DLK), cluster of differentiation (CD) 13, CD133, and LIV2 were identified. Cells purified using antibodies against these markers proliferate for an extended period and differentiate into mature cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods to force the differentiation of human embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into hepatic progenitor cells have been recently established. We demonstrated that the CD13(+) CD133(+) fraction of human iPS-derived cells contained numerous hepatic progenitor-like cells. These analyses of hepatic stem/progenitor cells derived from somatic tissues and pluripotent stem cells will contribute to the development of new therapies for severe liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kamiya
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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42
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Koike H, Ouchi R, Ueno Y, Nakata S, Obana Y, Sekine K, Zheng YW, Takebe T, Isono K, Koseki H, Taniguchi H. Polycomb group protein Ezh2 regulates hepatic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in murine embryonic liver. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104776. [PMID: 25153170 PMCID: PMC4143191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In embryonic liver, hepatic progenitor cells are actively proliferating and generate a fundamental cellular pool for establishing parenchymal components. However, the molecular basis for the expansion of the progenitors maintaining their immature state remains elusive. Polycomb group proteins regulate gene expression throughout the genome by modulating of chromatin structure and play crucial roles in development. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), a key component of polycomb group proteins, catalyzes tri-methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), which trigger the gene suppression. In the present study, we investigated a role of Ezh2 in the regulation of the expanding hepatic progenitor population in vivo. We found that Ezh2 is highly expressed in the actively proliferating cells at the early developmental stage. Using a conditional knockout mouse model, we show that the deletion of the SET domain of Ezh2, which is responsible for catalytic induction of H3K27me3, results in significant reduction of the total liver size, absolute number of liver parenchymal cells, and hepatic progenitor cell population in size. A clonal colony assay in the hepatic progenitor cells directly isolated from in vivo fetal livers revealed that the bi-potent clonogenicity was significantly attenuated by the Ezh2 loss of function. Moreover, a marker expression based analysis and a global gene expression analysis showed that the knockout of Ezh2 inhibited differentiation to hepatocyte with reduced expression of a number of liver-function related genes. Taken together, our results indicate that Ezh2 is required for the hepatic progenitor expansion in vivo, which is essential for the functional maturation of embryonic liver, through its activity for catalyzing H3K27me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rie Ouchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakata
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuta Obana
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Project Leader of Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Isono
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Project Leader of Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Despite the tremendous hurdles presented by the complexity of the liver's structure and function, advances in liver physiology, stem cell biology and reprogramming, and the engineering of tissues and devices are accelerating the development of cell-based therapies for treating liver disease and liver failure. This State of the Art Review discusses both the near- and long-term prospects for such cell-based therapies and the unique challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science at MIT, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, David H. Koch Institute at MIT, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gregory H Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ira J Fox
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Koike H, Ueno Y, Naito T, Shiina T, Nakata S, Ouchi R, Obana Y, Sekine K, Zheng YW, Takebe T, Isono KI, Koseki H, Taniguchi H. Ring1B promotes hepatic stem/progenitor cell expansion through simultaneous suppression of Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a in mice. Hepatology 2014; 60:323-33. [PMID: 24497168 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins play crucial roles in self-renewal of stem cells by suppressing a host of genes through histone modifications. Identification of the downstream genes of PcG proteins is essential for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal. However, little is known about the PcG target genes in tissue stem cells. We found that the PcG protein, Ring1B, which regulates expression of various genes through monoubiquitination of histone H2AK119, is essential for expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. In mouse embryos with a conditional knockout of Ring1B, we found that the lack of Ring1B inhibited proliferation and differentiation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and thereby inhibited hepatic organogenesis. These events were characterized by derepression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a, known negative regulators of cell proliferation. We conducted clonal culture experiments with hepatic stem/progenitor cells to investigate the individual genetic functions of Ring1B, Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2a. The data showed that the cell-cycle inhibition caused by Ring1B depletion was reversed when Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a were suppressed simultaneously, but not when they were suppressed individually. CONCLUSION Our results show that expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells requires Ring1B-mediated epigenetic silencing of Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a, demonstrating that Ring1B simultaneously regulates multiple CDKIs in tissue stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Zheng YW, Tsuchida T, Shimao T, Li B, Takebe T, Zhang RR, Sakurai Y, Ueno Y, Sekine K, Ishibashi N, Imajima M, Tanaka T, Taniguchi H. The CD133+CD44+ precancerous subpopulation of oval cells is a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2237-49. [PMID: 24804872 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor associated with a generally poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence. HCC usually develops in the context of chronic liver diseases, and long-lasting premalignant conditions precede cancer development. A promising therapeutic approach is to eliminate precancerous cells, which are considered as the precursors of cancer stem cells, to prevent further malignant transformation. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of precancerous cells in a rat liver carcinogenesis model, which were enriched in CD133(+)CD44(+)CD45(-)HIS49(-) cells that formed part of the hepatic oval cells fraction. Prospective isolation of the precancerous cells using flow cytometry identified stem cell properties such as the ability to expand clonally and differentiate into bi-lineage cell types. Furthermore, an acyclic retinoid, which was recently shown to improve overall survival after HCC resection, directly inhibited the extensive expansion of the isolated precancerous cells in vitro and decreased the emergence of the precancerous cells and their progeny in vivo. Long-term follow-up after the acyclic retinoid treatment confirmed reduction in precancerous changes, ultimately resulting in suppression of HCC development. These findings, together with data from recent clinical trials showing marked reduction in intrahepatic recurrence, suggest that acyclic retinoid directly prevents de novo HCC by inhibiting the development of precancerous cells. Given recent advances in diagnostic techniques and the establishment of surveillance programs, the targeting of precancerous cells may have a huge impact on preventative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Zheng
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama, Japan
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KIM YOUNGHEE, KWAK KYUNGA, KANG JINSEOK. Expression of neighbor of Punc E11 in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1043-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mokkapati S, Niopek K, Huang L, Cunniff KJ, Ruteshouser EC, deCaestecker M, Finegold MJ, Huff V. β-catenin activation in a novel liver progenitor cell type is sufficient to cause hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4515-25. [PMID: 24848510 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was thought historically to arise from hepatocytes, but gene expression studies have suggested that it can also arise from fetal progenitor cells or their adult progenitor progeny. Here, we report the identification of a unique population of fetal liver progenitor cells in mice that can serve as a cell of origin in HCC development. In the transgenic model used, mice carry the Cited1-CreER(TM)-GFP BAC transgene in which a tamoxifen-inducible Cre (CreER(TM)) and GFP are controlled by a 190-kb 5' genomic region of Cited1, a transcriptional coactivator protein for CBP/p300. Wnt signaling is critical for regulating self-renewal of progenitor/stem cells and has been implicated in the etiology of cancers of rapidly self-renewing tissues, so we hypothesized that Wnt pathway activation in CreER(TM)-GFP(+) progenitors would result in HCC. In livers from the mouse model, transgene-expressing cells represented 4% of liver cells at E11.5 when other markers were expressed, characteristic of the hepatic stem/progenitor cells that give rise to adult hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and SOX9(+) periductal cells. By 26 weeks of age, more than 90% of Cited1-CreER(TM)-GFP;Ctnnb1(ex3(fl)) mice with Wnt pathway activation developed HCC and, in some cases, hepatoblastomas and lung metastases. HCC and hepatoblastomas resembled their human counterparts histologically, showing activation of Wnt, Ras/Raf/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and expressing relevant stem/progenitor cell markers. Our results show that Wnt pathway activation is sufficient for malignant transformation of these unique liver progenitor cells, offering functional support for a fetal/adult progenitor origin of some human HCC. We believe this model may offer a valuable new tool to improve understanding of the cellular etiology and biology of HCC and hepatoblastomas and the development of improved therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Mokkapati
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate Program in
| | - Katharina Niopek
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate Program in
| | - Le Huang
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate Program in Genes and Development and
| | - Kegan J Cunniff
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate Program in
| | - E Cristy Ruteshouser
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate Program in
| | | | - Milton J Finegold
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Graduate Program in Genes and Development and Human Molecular Genetics, UT-Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences;
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48
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Stem/Progenitor Cells in Liver Development, Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:561-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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49
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Yilmaz G, Akyol G, Cakir A, Ilhan M. Investigation of diagnostic utility and expression profiles of stem cell markers (CD133 and CD90) in hepatocellular carcinoma, small cell dysplasia, and cirrhosis. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:419-25. [PMID: 24702884 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression rates of CD133 and CD90 in cirrhosis-dysplastic nodule-HCC (Crh-DN-HCC) sequence related to the etiologic background. Thirty-five HCC, 8 small cell dysplasia (SCD), and 63 cases of cirrhosis having different etiologies were collected. Immunohistochemical expressions of CD133 and CD90 were evaluated. CD133 positivity was higher in HCC cases with chronic hepatitis B and CD90 with chronic hepatitis C. The highest staining rate was seen in poorly differentiated HCC cases. Only one SCD case and almost half of the cirrhotic cases which were stained for CD133 were associated with hepatitis B; none was stained for CD90. Increased CD133 expression indicated a significantly shorter overall survival rate. No significant relationship was detected between the expression rates of CD133 or CD90 and other parameters. In this study, which investigates the immunohistochemical expression profiles of CD133 and CD90 through Crh-DN-HCC sequence, the highest staining rate was detected in HCC. It is rational to try to elucidate the earliest events in hepatocarcinogenesis by studying SCD. It is important to be aware of this issue in daily practice, which will provide a deeper insight into the understanding of the effects of CSCs in the progression and management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guldal Yilmaz
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gulen Akyol
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Cakir
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ilhan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey
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Michishita M, Ezaki S, Ogihara K, Naya Y, Azakami D, Nakagawa T, Sasaki N, Arai T, Shida T, Takahashi K. Identification of tumor-initiating cells in a canine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Res Vet Sci 2014; 96:315-22. [PMID: 24534130 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) or cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells, are involved in tumor initiation, progression, recurrence and metastasis. In human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), TICs are enriched with cell surface markers and have the ability to self-renew and differentiate tumors at a high frequency. We established a canine HCC cell line, HCC930599, and analyzed it for stem and progenitor cell marker expression using flow cytometry. HCC930599 showed high CD44 and CD29, moderate CD90, and low CD133, CD34, CD24, CD117, and CD13 expression. CD90(+)CD44(+) and CD90(-)CD44(+) cells were characterized using the in vitro sphere assay and an in vivo transplant model. CD90(+)CD44(+) cells acquired enhanced self-renewal capacity, proliferative activity and tumourigenicity compared with CD90(-)CD44(+) cells, suggesting that TICs exist in the HCC930599 cell line and that CD90 is a marker for enriched TICs. Understanding TIC characteristics may help elucidate hepatic carcinogenesis and HCC therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Shiori Ezaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kikumi Ogihara
- Department of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-7 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yuko Naya
- Department of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-7 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takuo Shida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-7 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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