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Involvement of DNA Damage Response via the Ccndbp1–Atm–Chk2 Pathway in Mice with Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate-Induced Colitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133674. [PMID: 35806959 PMCID: PMC9267230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model has been widely utilized for human colitis research. While its mechanism involves a response to double-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm)–checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) pathway activation related to such response remains unreported. Recently, we reported that cyclin D1-binding protein 1 (Ccndbp1) activates the pathway reflecting DNA damage in its knockout mice. Thus, this study aimed to examine the contribution of Ccndbp1 and the Atm–Chk2 pathway in DSS-induced colitis. We assessed the effect of DSS-induced colitis on colon length, disease activity index, and histological score and on the Atm–Chk2 pathway and the subsequent apoptosis in Ccndbp1-knockout mice. DSS-induced colitis showed distal colon-dominant Atm and Chk2 phosphorylation, increase in TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and cleaved caspase 3-positive cells, and histological score increase, causing disease activity index elevation and colon length shortening. These changes were significantly ameliorated in Ccndbp1-knockout mice. In conclusion, Ccndbp1 contributed to Atm–Chk2 pathway activation in the DSS-induced colitis mouse model, causing inflammation and apoptosis of mucosal cells in the colon.
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Niwa Y, Kamimura K, Ogawa K, Oda C, Tanaka Y, Horigome R, Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Fujisawa K, Yamamoto N, Takami T, Okuda S, Ko M, Owaki T, Kimura A, Shibata O, Morita S, Sakai N, Abe H, Yokoo T, Sakamaki A, Kamimura H, Terai S. Cyclin D1 Binding Protein 1 Responds to DNA Damage through the ATM–CHK2 Pathway. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030851. [PMID: 35160302 PMCID: PMC8836734 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 binding protein 1 (CCNDBP1) is considered a tumor suppressor, and when expressed in tumor cells, CCNDBP1 can contribute to the viability of cancer cells by rescuing these cells from chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the function of CCNDBP1, which is directly related to the survival of cancer cells by escaping DNA damage and chemoresistance. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and tissues obtained from Ccndbp1 knockout mice were used for the in vitro and in vivo examination of the molecular mechanisms of CCNDBP1 associated with the recovery of cells from DNA damage. Subsequently, gene and protein expression changes associated with the upregulation, downregulation, and irradiation of CCNDBP1 were assessed. The overexpression of CCNDBP1 in HCC cells stimulated cell growth and showed resistance to X-ray-induced DNA damage. Gene expression analysis of CCNDBP1-overexpressed cells and Ccndbp1 knockout mice revealed that Ccndbp1 activated the Atm–Chk2 pathway through the inhibition of Ezh2 expression, accounting for resistance to DNA damage. Our study demonstrated that by inhibiting EZH2, CCNDBP1 contributed to the activation of the ATM–CHK2 pathway to alleviate DNA damage, leading to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Niwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(25)-227-2207
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Chiyumi Oda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuto Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Ryoko Horigome
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan; (K.F.); (N.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan; (K.F.); (N.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan; (K.F.); (N.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan;
| | - Masayoshi Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Takashi Owaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinichi Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Norihiro Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
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Szu J, Wojcinski A, Jiang P, Kesari S. Impact of the Olig Family on Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:659601. [PMID: 33859549 PMCID: PMC8042229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.659601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Olig genes encode members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. Olig1, Olig2, and Olig3 are expressed in both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) and strictly regulate cellular specification and differentiation. Extensive studies have established functional roles of Olig1 and Olig2 in directing neuronal and glial formation during different stages in development. Recently, Olig2 overexpression was implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but its influence on cognitive and intellectual defects remains unknown. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of the Olig family and how it uniquely promotes cellular diversity in the CNS. This is followed up with a discussion on how abnormal Olig2 expression impacts brain development and function in DS and ASD. Collectively, the studies described here emphasize vital features of the Olig members and their distinctive potential roles in neurodevelopmental disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Szu
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Alexandre Wojcinski
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Saint John's Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States.,Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
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Liang RY, Liu BH, Huang CJ, Lin KT, Ko CC, Huang LL, Hsu B, Wu CY, Chuang SM. MEK2 is a critical modulating mechanism to down-regulate GCIP stability and function in cancer cells. FASEB J 2019; 34:1958-1969. [PMID: 31907980 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901911r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of tumor suppressor activity and upregulation of oncogenic pathways simultaneously contribute to tumorigenesis. Expression of the tumor suppressor, GCIP (Grap2- and cyclin D1-interacting protein), is usually reduced or lost in advanced cancers, as seen in both mouse tumor models and human cancer patients. However, no previous study has examined how cancer cells down-regulate GCIP expression. In this study, we first validate the tumor suppressive function of GCIP using clinical gastric cancer tissues and online database analysis. We then reveal a novel mechanism whereby MEK2 directly interacts with and phosphorylates GCIP at its Ser313 and Ser356 residues to promote the turnover of GCIP by ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. We also reveal that decreased GCIP stability enhances cell proliferation and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Taken together, these findings provide a more comprehensive view of GCIP in tumorigenesis and suggest that the oncogenic MEK/ERK signaling pathway negatively regulates the protein level of GCIP to promote cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yue Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Lun Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bin Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Guo Y, Wang J, Zhu M, Zeng R, Xu Z, Li G, Zuo B. Identification of MyoD-Responsive Transcripts Reveals a Novel Long Non-coding RNA (lncRNA-AK143003) that Negatively Regulates Myoblast Differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2828. [PMID: 28588232 PMCID: PMC5460278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD) is a master transcription factor in muscle development and differentiation. Although several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) linked to MyoD have been found to influence muscle development, the functions of many lncRNAs have not been explored. Here we utilized lncRNA and mRNA microarray analysis to identify potential lncRNAs regulated by MyoD in muscle cells. A total of 997 differentially expressed lncRNAs (335 up-regulated and 662 down-regulated) and 1,817 differentially expressed mRNAs (148 up-regulated and 1,669 down-regulated) were identified after MyoD knockdown in C2C12 cells. Functional predictions suggested that most lncRNAs are involved in the biological pathways related to muscle differentiation and cell cycle with co-expressed genes. To gain further insight into the MyoD-mediated lncRNA expression in muscle differentiation, tissue expression profiles and MyoD overexpression were performed, and we found one of the candidate lncRNAs-AK143003 was significantly regulated by MyoD. Further analyses showed its noncoding ability and cytoplasmic localisation. Silencing of AK143003 stimulated the accumulation of myogenic marker genes, whereas AK143003 overexpression led to their decreased synthesis. This study identified a multitude of MyoD-mediated lncRNAs for further investigation and identified a novel lncRNA, lnc-AK143003, which plays a role in controlling muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Guo
- 0000 0004 1790 4137grid.35155.37Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- 0000 0004 1790 4137grid.35155.37Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Mingfei Zhu
- 0000 0004 1790 4137grid.35155.37Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Rui Zeng
- 0000 0004 1790 4137grid.35155.37Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Zaiyan Xu
- 0000 0004 1790 4137grid.35155.37Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Li
- 0000 0004 1790 4137grid.35155.37National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei P.R. China
| | - Bo Zuo
- 0000 0004 1790 4137grid.35155.37Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei P.R. China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Huang Y, Chen B, Ye M, Liang P, Zhangfang Y, Huang J, Liu M, Songyang Z, Ma W. Ccndbp1 is a new positive regulator of skeletal myogenesis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2767-77. [PMID: 27235421 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is a multistep process in which basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, such as MyoD (also known as MyoD1), bind to E-boxes and activate downstream genes. Ccndbp1 is a HLH protein that lacks a DNA-binding region, and its function in skeletal myogenesis is currently unknown. We generated Ccndbp1-null mice by using CRISPR-Cas9. Notably, in Ccndbp1-null mice, the cross sectional area of the skeletal tibialis anterior muscle was smaller, and muscle regeneration ability and grip strength were impaired, compared with those of wild type. This phenotype resembled that of myofiber hypotrophy in some human myopathies or amyoplasia. Ccndbp1 expression was upregulated during C2C12 myogenesis. Ccndbp1 overexpression promoted myogenesis, whereas knockdown of Ccndbp1 inhibited myogenic differentiation. Co-transfection of Ccndbp1 with MyoD and/or E47 (encoded by TCF3) significantly enhanced E-box-dependent transcription. Furthermore, Ccndbp1 physically associated with MyoD but not E47. These data suggest that Ccndbp1 regulates muscle differentiation by interacting with MyoD and enhancing its binding to target genes. Our study newly identifies Ccndbp1 as a positive modulator of skeletal myogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro, providing new insights in order to decipher the complex network involved in skeletal myogenic development and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Miaoman Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Puping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Yingnan Zhangfang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Fujisawa K, Terai S, Matsumoto T, Takami T, Yamamoto N, Nishina H, Furutani-Seiki M, Sakaida I. Evidence for a Role of the Transcriptional Regulator Maid in Tumorigenesis and Aging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129950. [PMID: 26107180 PMCID: PMC4479567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maid is a helix-loop-helix protein that is involved in cell proliferation. In order to further elucidate its physiological functions, we studied Maid activity in two small fish model systems. We found that Maid expression was greatest in zebrafish liver and that it increased following partial hepatectomy. Maid levels were also high in hepatic preneoplastic foci induced by treatment of zebrafish with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), but low in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), mixed tumors, and cholangiocarcinomas developing in these animals. In DEN-treated transgenic medaka overexpressing Maid, hepatic BrdU uptake and proliferation were reduced. After successive breedings, Maid transgenic medaka exhibited decreased movement and a higher incidence of abnormal spine curvature, possibly due to the senescence of spinal cord cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Maid levels can influence the progression of liver cancer. In conclusion, we found that Maid is important regulator of hepatocarconogenesis and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Center for Reparative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1–757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951–8510, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Furutani-Seiki
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Center for Reparative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
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Motizuki M, Saitoh M, Miyazawa K. Maid is a negative regulator of transforming growth factor-β-induced cell migration. J Biochem 2015; 158:435-44. [PMID: 26002959 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal Id-like molecule (Maid) is a dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein that has been implicated in regulating gene expression as well as cell-cycle progression. Overexpressed Maid was previously shown to inhibit certain cellular responses induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), such as TGF-β-induced cytostasis and cell motility, but not epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role of endogenous Maid in regulating TGF-β signalling, however, has not been elucidated. We have found evidence that endogenous Maid negatively regulates TGF-β-induced cell motility. Maid knockdown enhanced TGF-β-induced cell motility as measured by chamber migration and wound healing assays but did not affect cell motility induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. Endogenous Maid does not appear to be involved in regulating TGF-β-induced cytostasis, resistance to apoptosis or EMT. Notably, Maid expression was induced in the delayed phase (later than 24 h) after TGF-β stimulation whereas the expression of two other negative feedback regulators, Smad7 and SnoN, was induced as early as 1 h after stimulation. These findings indicate that Maid is a unique negative feedback regulator of TGF-β signalling in its mode of action as well as the timing of its induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Motizuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masao Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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9
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Chen KY, Chen CC, Tseng YL, Chang YC, Chang MC. GCIP functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer by suppressing Id1-mediated tumor promotion. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5017-28. [PMID: 24970809 PMCID: PMC4148118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Grap2 and cyclin D1 interacting protein (GCIP) has been recognized as a putative tumor suppressor, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-tumor properties remain undefined. Here, we report that GCIP is frequently downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Binding assays indicated that inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 1 (Id1) interacts with GCIP in the nucleus. Ectopic GCIP expression in the highly invasive NSCLC cell line, H1299, inhibited proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration, and increased susceptibility to anticancer drugs. Conversely, silencing GCIP expression in the minimally invasive NSCLS cell line, A549, increased proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration in vitro, and increased survival and resistance to anticancer drugs. GCIP also suppresses tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells in vivo and GCIP suppresses NSCLC progression is mediated in part by interfering with Id1 signaling, which was confirmed in conditionally induced stable cell lines. In addition, GCIP downregulates the expression of Id1, and GCIP and Id1 are inversely expressed in NSCLC cell lines and specimens. Taken together, these results suggest that GCIP is a potential tumor suppressor in NSCLC and that suppression of Id1-mediated oncogenic properties may be a key mechanism by which GCIP can potently suppress NSCLC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-chung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Tainan
| | - Yau-lin Tseng
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-chien Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-chung Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Nutrition, College of Medicine and Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Tainan
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10
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Belozerceva LA, Voronina EN, Kokh NV, Tsvetovskay GA, Momot AP, Lifshits GI, Filipenko ML, Shevela AI, Vlasov VV. Personalized approach of medication by indirect anticoagulants tailored to the patient-Russian context: what are the prospects? EPMA J 2012; 3:10. [PMID: 23016735 PMCID: PMC3492156 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Indirect anticoagulants such as warfarin are the ‘gold standard’ for prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications in patients at risk (in atrial fibrillation of valvular and nonvalvular etiology, the presence of artificial heart valves, orthopedic and trauma interventions, and other pathological conditions). A wide range of doses required to achieve a therapeutic effect indicates the need for a personalized approach to the appointment of warfarin. In addition to the dependence on the patient's clinical characteristics (sex, age, smoking status, diagnosis), there is a clear association between the warfarin dose and the carriage of certain allelic variants of key genes that makes it possible to apply molecular genetic testing for individual dose adjustment. This provides a more rapid target anticoagulant effect and also reduces the risk of bleeding associated with a possible overdose of warfarin. Implementation of this approach will allow more wide and safe application of indirect anticoagulants in Russia for needy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Alexandrovna Belozerceva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS ICBFM), Ac, Lavrentiev 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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11
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Structure of a dominant-negative helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator suggests mechanisms of autoinhibition. EMBO J 2012; 31:2541-52. [PMID: 22453338 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Helix-loop-helix (HLH) family transcription factors regulate numerous developmental and homeostatic processes. Dominant-negative HLH (dnHLH) proteins lack DNA-binding ability and capture basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factors to inhibit cellular differentiation and enhance cell proliferation and motility, thus participating in patho-physiological processes. We report the first structure of a free-standing human dnHLH protein, HHM (Human homologue of murine maternal Id-like molecule). HHM adopts a V-shaped conformation, with N-terminal and C-terminal five-helix bundles connected by the HLH region. In striking contrast to the common HLH, the HLH region in HHM is extended, with its hydrophobic dimerization interfaces embedded in the N- and C-terminal helix bundles. Biochemical and physicochemical analyses revealed that HHM exists in slow equilibrium between this V-shaped form and the partially unfolded, relaxed form. The latter form is readily available for interactions with its target bHLH transcription factors. Mutations disrupting the interactions in the V-shaped form compromised the target transcription factor specificity and accelerated myogenic cell differentiation. Therefore, the V-shaped form of HHM may represent an autoinhibited state, and the dynamic conformational equilibrium may control the target specificity.
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12
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Lee I, Yeom SY, Lee SJ, Kang WK, Park C. A novel senescence-evasion mechanism involving Grap2 and Cyclin D interacting protein inactivation by Ras associated with diabetes in cancer cells under doxorubicin treatment. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4357-65. [PMID: 20460530 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ras associated with diabetes (Rad) is a Ras-related GTPase that promotes cell growth by accelerating cell cycle transitions. Rad knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and premature senescence without additional cellular stress in multiple cancer cell lines, indicating that Rad expression might be critical for the cell cycle in these cells. To investigate the precise function of Rad in this process, we used human Rad as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening system and sought Rad-interacting proteins. We identified the Grap2 and cyclin D interacting protein (GCIP)/DIP1/CCNDBP1/HHM, a cell cycle-inhibitory molecule, as a binding partner of Rad. Further analyses revealed that Rad binds directly to GCIP in vitro and coimmunoprecipitates with GCIP from cell lysates. Rad translocates GCIP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the tumor suppressor activity of GCIP, which occurs in the nucleus. Furthermore, in the presence of Rad, GCIP loses its ability to reduce retinoblastoma phosphorylation and inhibit cyclin D1 activity. The function of Rad in transformation is also evidenced by increased telomerase activity and colony formation according to Rad expression level. In vivo tumorigenesis analyses revealed that tumors derived from Rad knockdown cells were significantly smaller than those from control cells (P = 0.0131) and the preestablished tumors are reduced in size after the injection of siRad (P = 0.0064). Therefore, we propose for the first time that Rad may promote carcinogenesis at least in part by inhibiting GCIP-mediated tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyoung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Chen WC, Su PF, Jin YT, Chang MC, Chang TW. Immunohistochemical expression of GCIP in breast carcinoma: relationship with tumour grade, disease-free survival, mucinous differentiation and response to chemotherapy. Histopathology 2009; 53:554-60. [PMID: 18983464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Grap2 and cyclin-D interacting protein (GCIP) is a putative tumour suppressor in human cancer. The aim was to investigate its prognostic significance in human breast carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of breast carcinoma specimens from 107 female patients was performed. Decreased cytoplasmic expression of GCIP was detected in breast carcinomas compared with normal ductal epithelium (P < 0.001). Higher GCIP scores were observed in patients with lower histological grade, mucinous carcinomas and better clinical outcome (P < 0.05). Disease-free survival was significantly longer in patients with high GCIP scores than in those with low GCIP scores (P = 0.010). However, GCIP expression was independent of the status of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Her-2/neu and cancer stage. Moreover, in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, those with higher GCIP scores showed potentially more reduction of tumour size compared with those with lower GCIP scores (borderline significance, P = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS The current data provide evidence that decreased expression of GCIP in vivo is present in human breast carcinoma and indicate that GCIP is a potential indicator of good prognosis. In patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, it may also have predictive value for the chemotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Xie X, Liao H, Dang H, Pang W, Guan Y, Wang X, Shyy JYJ, Zhu Y, Sladek FM. Down-regulation of hepatic HNF4alpha gene expression during hyperinsulinemia via SREBPs. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:434-43. [PMID: 19179483 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the coding region of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha), and its upstream promoter (P2) that drives expression in the pancreas, are known to lead to maturity-onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1). HNF4alpha also controls gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in the liver, where the proximal promoter (P1) predominates. However, very little is known about the role of hepatic HNF4alpha in diabetes. Here, we examine the expression of hepatic HNF4alpha in two diabetic mouse models, db/db mice (type 2, insulin resistant) and streptozotocin-treated mice (type 1, insulin deficient). We found that the level of HNF4alpha protein and mRNA was decreased in the liver of db/db mice but increased in streptozotocin-treated mice. Because insulin increases the activity of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1c and -2, we also examined the effect of SREBPs on hepatic HNF4alpha gene expression and found that, like insulin, ectopic expression of SREBPs decreases the level of hepatic HNF4alpha protein and mRNA both in vitro in primary hepatocytes and in vivo in the liver of C57BL/6 mice. Finally, we use gel shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, small interfering RNA, and reporter gene analysis to show that SREBP2 binds the human HNF4alpha P1 promoter and negatively regulates its expression. These data indicate that hyperinsulinemia down-regulates HNF4alpha in the liver through the up-regulation of SREBPs, thereby establishing a link between these two critical transcription factor pathways that regulate lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver. These findings also provide new insights into diabetes-associated complications such as fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University, Health Sciences Center, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Seto A, Ikushima H, Suzuki T, Sato Y, Fukai S, Yuki K, Miyazawa K, Miyazono K, Ishitani R, Nureki O. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of GCIP/HHM transcriptional regulator. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 65:21-4. [PMID: 19153449 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108038219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
GCIP/HHM is a human nuclear protein that is implicated in regulation of cell proliferation. Its primary structure contains helix-loop-helix and leucine-zipper motifs but lacks a DNA-binding basic region. Native and selenomethionine-derivatized (SeMet) crystals of full-length GCIP/HHM were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals were greatly improved by adding tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine as a reducing reagent and diffracted to 3.5 A resolution. Preliminary phase calculations using the data set obtained from the SeMet crystal suggested that the crystal belonged to space group P3(2)21 and contained one molecule per asymmetric unit. Structure determination by the multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion method using the SeMet crystals is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Seto
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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16
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Ikushima H, Komuro A, Isogaya K, Shinozaki M, Hellman U, Miyazawa K, Miyazono K. An Id-like molecule, HHM, is a synexpression group-restricted regulator of TGF-beta signalling. EMBO J 2008; 27:2955-65. [PMID: 18923419 PMCID: PMC2570476 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces various cellular responses principally through Smad-dependent transcriptional regulation. Activated Smad complexes cooperate with transcription factors in regulating a group of target genes. The target genes controlled by the same Smad-cofactor complexes are denoted a synexpression group. We found that an Id-like helix-loop-helix protein, human homologue of Maid (HHM), is a synexpression group-restricted regulator of TGF-β signalling. HHM suppressed TGF-β-induced growth inhibition and cell migration but not epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In addition, HHM inhibited TGF-β-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1), PDGF-B, and p21WAF, but not Snail. We identified a basic-helix-loop-helix protein, Olig1, as one of the Smad-binding transcription factors affected by HHM. Olig1 interacted with Smad2/3 in response to TGF-β stimulation, and was involved in transcriptional activation of PAI-1 and PDGF-B. HHM, but not Id proteins, inhibited TGF-β signalling-dependent association of Olig1 with Smad2/3 through physical interaction with Olig1. HHM thus appears to regulate a subset of TGF-β target genes including the Olig1-Smad synexpression group. HHM is the first example of a cellular response-selective regulator of TGF-β signalling with clearly determined mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Tsunedomi R, Iizuka N, Tamesa T, Sakamoto K, Hamaguchi T, Somura H, Yamada M, Oka M. Decreased ID2 promotes metastatic potentials of hepatocellular carcinoma by altering secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1025-31. [PMID: 18281534 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore the molecular and biological functions of Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (ID2), which was found to be responsible for portal vein invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We measured ID2 mRNA levels in 92 HCC patients by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and examined the relation to clinicopathologic features. To clarify the precise roles of ID2, we did in vitro analysis with expression vectors and small interfering RNAs. Effects of ID2 on cell invasive potential and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha were analyzed by Matrigel-coated invasion chamber, ELISA, and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS ID2 mRNA level correlated inversely with portal vein invasion (P < 0.001), tumor-node-metastasis stage (P < 0.001), tumor size (P < 0.001), and early intrahepatic recurrence (P < 0.05). When limited to a cohort of hepatitis C virus-related HCCs, patients with low levels of ID2 had significantly shorter disease-free survival time than those with high levels of ID2. Invasive potential of cells transfected with ID2 expression vector was lower than that of empty vector-transfected cells. Cells overexpressing ID2 also showed decreased VEGF secretion and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha protein levels. The results of ID2-knockdown experiments were opposite to those of ID2 overexpression experiments. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our clinical and in vitro data, we suggest that ID2 plays a significant role in the metastatic process during progression of HCC. This action might be explained, at least in part, by altered cell mobility due to decreased secretion of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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18
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Tajima K, Terai S, Takami T, Kawaguchi K, Okita K, Sakaida I. Importance of inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 in hepatic stellate cell differentiation and proliferation. Hepatol Res 2007; 37:647-55. [PMID: 17559421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2007.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In liver fibrosis, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are transformed into myofibroblasts. Helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional factors such as MyoD regulate the differentiation of myocytes, and the inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation (Id) family comprises dominant negative HLH transcriptional regulators that inhibit differentiation and promote cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated how the Id family proteins regulate HSC. METHODS In primary rat HSC, inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation (Id)2 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) mRNA expression increased 4 days after isolation. Next we established Id2 expressing HSC (HSC-T6-Id2-green fluorescent protein (GFP)) using HSC-T6 cells with retrovirus that expressed GFP-tagged Id2. RESULTS HSC-T6-Id2-GFP increased cell proliferation with cyclin D1 expression. In contrast, alpha-SMA expression wassuppressed. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed Id2 induction significantly suppressed alpha-SMA, collagen-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 mRNA (P < 0.05) but had no effect on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase or transforming growth factor-beta1 levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest Id2, an HLH transcriptional regulator, plays an important regulatory role in the proliferation and differentiation of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Tajima
- Department of Molecular Science and Applied Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Ma W, Stafford LJ, Li D, Luo J, Li X, Ning G, Liu M. GCIP/CCNDBP1, a helix-loop-helix protein, suppresses tumorigenesis. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1376-86. [PMID: 17131381 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deletions and/or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 15 (15q15 and 15q21) have been found in several human tumors, including carcinomas of the colorectum, breast, lung, prostate, and bladder, suggesting the presence of potential tumor suppressor gene(s) in this particular region of chromosome 15. GCIP also called CCNDBP1, DIP1, or HHM, localized at chromosome 15q15, is a recently identified helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (HLH-ZIP) protein without a basic region like the Id family of proteins. In this study, we reported that the expression of GCIP was significantly downregulated in several different human tumors, including breast tumor, prostate tumor, and colon tumors. In human colon tumors, both mRNA and protein expression levels of GCIP were decreased significantly compared to the normal tissues. Treatment of colon cancer cells SW480 with sodium butyrate (NaB), which induces colon cancer cell differentiation, can induce the upregulation of GCIP expression, suggesting that the protein functions as a negative regulator in cell proliferation. Overexpression of GCIP in SW480 colon cancer cell line resulted in a significant inhibition on tumor cell colony formation, while silencing of GCIP expression by siRNA can promote cell colony formation. Furthermore, overexpression of GCIP inhibited the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1 promoter and the expression of cyclin D1 protein in the cell. Finally, we demonstrate that GCIP specifically interacts with one of the class III HDAC proteins, SirT6, which is important for maintaining genome stability. Together, our data suggest a possible function of GCIP in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ma
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A and M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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20
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Chang TW, Chen CC, Chen KY, Su JH, Chang JH, Chang MC. Ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 interacts with GCIP and overexpression of P0 is associated with cellular proliferation in breast and liver carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:332-8. [PMID: 17621266 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ribosomal acidic P0 protein, an essential component of the eukaryotic ribosomal stalk, was found to interact with the helix-loop-helix protein human Grap2 and cyclin D interacting protein (GCIP)/D-type cyclin-interacting protein 1/human homolog of MAID protein. Using in vivo and in vitro binding assays, we show that P0 can interact with the N and C termini of GCIP via its N-terminal 39-114 amino-acid residues. Although the P0-GCIP complex was detected mainly in cytoplasmic fraction, polysome profile analysis indicated that the P0-GCIP complex did not coelute with either polysomes or 60S ribosomes, suggesting that GCIP associates with the free form of P0 in the cytoplasm. Transfection of GCIP into MCF-7 cells resulted in decreased levels of pRb phosphorylation. Cotransfection of P0 with GCIP, however, resulted in GCIP-mediated reduction of pRb phosphorylation level which was repressed by P0. Furthermore, overexpression of P0 in breast cancer and hepatocellular cancer cell lines promoted cell growth and colony formation compared to control transfectants. Overexpression of P0 also increased cyclin D1 expression and phosphorylation of pRb at Ser780. Interestingly, P0 mRNA was overexpressed in 12 of 20 pairs of breast cancer/ normal breast specimens (60%). Together, these data indicate that P0 overexpression may cause tumorigenesis in breast and liver tissues at least in part by inhibiting GCIP-mediated tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-W Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Chellas-Géry B, Linton CN, Fields KA. Human GCIP interacts with CT847, a novel Chlamydia trachomatis type III secretion substrate, and is degraded in a tissue-culture infection model. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9:2417-30. [PMID: 17532760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis occupies a parasitophorous vacuole and employs a type III secretion mechanism to translocate host-interactive proteins. These proteins most likely contribute to pathogenesis through modulation of host cell mechanisms crucial for the establishment and maintenance of a permissive intracellular environment. Using a surrogate Yersinia type III secretion system (T3SS), we have identified the conserved gene product CT847 as a chlamydial T3SS substrate. Yeast two-hybrid studies using CT847 as bait to screen a HeLa cell cDNA library identified an interaction with mammalian Grap2 cyclin D-interacting protein (GCIP). Immunoblot analyses of C. trachomatis-infected HeLa cells showed that GCIP levels begin to decrease (as compared with mock-infected HeLa cells) between 8 h and 12 h post infection. GCIP was virtually undetectable in 24 h time point material. This decrease was inhibited by proteasome inhibitors lactacystin and MG-132, and the T3SS inhibitor Compound 1. CT847 was detectible in purified reticulate body but not elementary body lysates, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) expression analyses indicate a mid-cycle expression pattern. Both of these findings are consistent with CT847 contributing to the observed effect on GCIP. Given the established roles of GCIP, we believe that we have discovered a novel C. trachomatis antihost protein whose activity is relevant to chlamydial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Chellas-Géry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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22
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Sonnenberg-Riethmacher E, Wüstefeld T, Miehe M, Trautwein C, Riethmacher D. Maid (GCIP) is involved in cell cycle control of hepatocytes. Hepatology 2007; 45:404-11. [PMID: 17256742 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The function of Maid (GCIP), a cyclinD-binding helix-loop-helix protein, was analyzed by targeted disruption in mice. We show that Maid function is not required for normal embryonic development. However, older Maid-deficient mice-in contrast to wild-type controls--develop hepatocellular carcinomas. Therefore, we studied the role of Maid during cell cycle progression after partial hepatectomy (PH). Lack of Maid expression after PH was associated with a delay in G1/S-phase progression as evidenced by delayed cyclinA expression and DNA replication in Maid-deficient mice. However, at later time points liver mass was restored normally. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Maid is involved in G1/S-phase progression of hepatocytes, which in older animals is associated with the development of liver tumors.
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Penkowa M, Cáceres M, Borup R, Nielsen FC, Poulsen CB, Quintana A, Molinero A, Carrasco J, Florit S, Giralt M, Hidalgo J. Novel roles for metallothionein-I + II (MT-I + II) in defense responses, neurogenesis, and tissue restoration after traumatic brain injury: Insights from global gene expression profiling in wild-type and MT-I + II knockout mice. J Neurosci Res 2006; 84:1452-74. [PMID: 16941634 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the brain is one of the leading causes of injury-related death or disability, especially among young people. Inflammatory processes and oxidative stress likely underlie much of the damage elicited by injury, but the full repertoire of responses involved is not well known. A genomic approach, such as the use of microarrays, provides much insight in this regard, especially if combined with the use of gene-targeted animals. We report here the results of one of these studies comparing wild-type and metallothionein-I + II knockout mice subjected to a cryolesion of the somatosensorial cortex and killed at 0, 1, 4, 8, and 16 days postlesion (dpl) using Affymetrix genechips/oligonucleotide arrays interrogating approximately 10,000 different murine genes (MG_U74Av2). Hierarchical clustering analysis of these genes readily shows an orderly pattern of gene responses at specific times consistent with the processes involved in the initial tissue injury and later regeneration of the parenchyma, as well as a prominent effect of MT-I + II deficiency. The results thoroughly confirmed the importance of the antioxidant proteins MT-I + II in the response of the brain to injury and opened new avenues that were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Data in KO, MT-I-overexpressing, and MT-II-injected mice strongly suggest a role of these proteins in postlesional activation of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Penkowa
- Section of Neuroprotection, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ma W, Xia X, Stafford LJ, Yu C, Wang F, LeSage G, Liu M. Expression of GCIP in transgenic mice decreases susceptibility to chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncogene 2006; 25:4207-16. [PMID: 16501603 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors with helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif play critical roles in controlling the expression of genes involved in lineage commitment, cell fate determination, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. To examine whether the newly identified HLH protein GCIP/CCNDBP1 modulates cell fate determination and plays a role in hepatocyte growth, proliferation, and hepatocarcinogenesis, we generated transgenic mice with human GCIP gene driven by a liver-specific albumin promoter. We demonstrated that in GCIP transgenic mice, the overall liver growth and regeneration occurred normally after liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced mouse hepatocarcinogenesis, we demonstrated that overexpression of GCIP in mouse liver suppressed DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis at an early stage of tumor development. The number of hepatic adenomas at 24 weeks was significantly lower or not detected in GCIP transgenic male mice compared to the control mice under the same treatment. Although GCIP has little inhibition on the number of hepatic tumors at later stages (40 weeks), hepatocellular tumors in GCIP transgenic mice are smaller and well-differentiated compared to the poorly differentiated tumors in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GCIP functions as a transcriptional suppressor, regulates the expression of cyclin D1, and inhibits anchorage-independent cell growth and colony formation in HepG2 cells, suggesting a significant role of GCIP in tumor initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Alkek Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yuan HY, Chen JJ, Lee MTM, Wung JC, Chen YF, Charng MJ, Lu MJ, Hung CR, Wei CY, Chen CH, Wu JY, Chen YT. A novel functional VKORC1 promoter polymorphism is associated with inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in warfarin sensitivity. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:1745-51. [PMID: 15888487 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Warfarin, a commonly prescribed anticoagulant, exhibited large inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in the dose required for its anticoagulation effect. Asian populations, including Chinese, require a much lower maintenance dose than Caucasians, for which the mechanisms still remain unknown. We determined DNA sequence variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 in 16 Chinese patients having warfarin sensitivity (< or = 1.5 mg/day, n = 11) or resistance (> or = 6.0 mg/day, n = 5), 104 randomly selected Chinese patients receiving warfarin, 95 normal Chinese controls and 92 normal Caucasians. We identified three CYP2C9 variants, CYP2C9*3, T299A and P382L, in four warfarin-sensitive patients. A novel VKORC1 promoter polymorphism (-1639 G > A) presented in the homozygous form (genotype AA) was found in all warfarin-sensitive patients. The resistant patients were either AG or GG. Among the 104 randomly selected Chinese patients receiving warfarin, AA genotype also had lower dose than the AG/GG genotype (P < 0.0001). Frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes were comparable in Chinese patients receiving warfarin (79.7, 17.6 and 2.7%) and normal Chinese controls (82, 18 and 0%), but differed significantly from Caucasians (14, 47 and 39%) (P < 0.0001). The promoter polymorphism abolished the E-box consensus sequences and dual luciferase assay revealed that VOKRC1 promoter with the G allele had a 44% increase of activity when compared with the A allele. The differences in allele frequencies of A/G allele and its levels of VKORC1 promoter activity may underscore the inter-individual differences in warfarin dosage as well as inter-ethnic differences between Chinese and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Yuan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Takami T, Terai S, Yokoyama Y, Tanimoto H, Tajima K, Uchida K, Yamasaki T, Sakaida I, Nishina H, Thorgeirsson SS, Okita K. Human homologue of maid is a useful marker protein in hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:1369-80. [PMID: 15887118 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human homologue of maid (HHM) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulatory protein that is involved in the hepatic stem cell development and differentiation. We analyzed the potential involvement of HHM in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS We analyzed HHM expression in the choline-deficient L-amino acid defined (CDAA) diet model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis and in human adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biopsy samples. We assessed the effects of HHM on cell proliferation. We screened proteins that bind to HHM protein using a yeast 2-hybrid screen. RESULTS High HHM expression was seen in foci and HCC induced in the rat CDAA diet model. HHM protein was expressed in 23 of 32 AH samples (72%), 19 of 28 well-differentiated HCC samples (68%), and 9 of 18 poorly-moderately differentiated HCC samples (50%). Over-expressed HHM enhanced the S phase. HHM interference RNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation. A yeast 2-hybrid screen identified Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1) as a binding partner for HHM. We confirmed HHM and Jab1 binding by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent histochemistry. The expression of Jab1 was found in human AH and HCC samples. We found an association between levels of expression of HHM and those of Jab1 in AH and HCC tissues examined (P = .027 by chi2 test). CONCLUSIONS High-level HHM expression was found from the very early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting that HHM may be a useful marker protein to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Takami
- Department of Molecular Science and Applied Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Abstract
Id helix-loop-helix (Id HLH) proteins are negative regulators of basic HLH transcription factors. They are expressed during embryonic development and are important for the regulation of cell phenotypes in adults. They participate in the molecular networks controlling cell growth, differentiation, and carcinogenesis, through specific basic HLH and non-basic HLH protein interactions. Recent in vitro and in vivo data implicate Id HLH as important orchestrating proteins of homeostasis in glandular and protective epithelia. In particular, Id proteins have been reported to be involved in cell behavior in epidermis, respiratory system, digestive tract, pancreas, liver, thyroid, urinary system, prostate, testis, endometrium, cervix, ovary, and mammary gland. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence implicating Id proteins in the regulation of mammalian epithelial cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Coppé
- California Pacific Medical Center, Cancer Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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