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Moolmuang B, Chaisaingmongkol J, Singhirunnusorn P, Ruchirawat M. PLK1 inhibition leads to mitotic arrest and triggers apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:316. [PMID: 38807667 PMCID: PMC11130613 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal cancer originating from the epithelial cells within the bile duct and ranks as the second most prevalent form of liver cancer in Thailand. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a protein serine/threonine kinase, regulates a number of steps in cell mitosis and is upregulated in several types of cancer, including CCA. Our previous study identified PLK1 as a biomarker of the C1 subtype, correlating with poor prognosis in intrahepatic CCA. The present study aimed to examine the effect of PLK1 inhibition on CCA cells. Different CCA cell lines developed from Thai patients, HuCCA1, KKU055, KKU100 and KKU213A, were treated with two PLK1 inhibitors, BI2536 and BI6727, and were transfected with small interfering RNA, followed by analysis of cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. It was discovered that BI2536 and BI6727 inhibited cell proliferation and caused G2/M-phase arrest in CCA cells. Furthermore, the number of total apoptotic cells was increased in PLK1 inhibitor-treated CCA cells. The expression levels of mitotic proteins, aurora kinase A, phosphorylated PLK1 (T210) and cyclin B1, were augmented in PLK1-inhibited CCA cells. Additionally, inhibition of PLK1 led to increased DNA damage, as determined by the upregulated levels of γH2AX and increased cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, an apoptotic marker. These results suggested that inhibiting PLK1 prolonged mitotic arrest and subsequently triggered cell apoptosis. Validation of the antiproliferative effects of PLK1 inhibition was accomplished through silencing of the PLK1 gene. In conclusion, targeting PLK1 provided promising results for further study as a potential candidate for targeted therapy in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchamart Moolmuang
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jittiporn Chaisaingmongkol
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattama Singhirunnusorn
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Giovinazzo F, Pascale MM, Cardella F, Picarelli M, Molica S, Zotta F, Martullo A, Clarke G, Frongillo F, Grieco A, Agnes S. Current Perspectives in Liver Transplantation for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2942-2953. [PMID: 36975438 PMCID: PMC10047046 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) encompasses all malignant neoplasms arising from the epithelial cells of the biliary tree. About 40% of CCAs are perihilar, involving the bile ducts distal to the second-order biliary branches and proximal to the cystic duct implant. About two-thirds of pCCAs are considered unresectable at the time of diagnosis or exploration. When resective surgery is deemed unfeasible, liver transplantation (LT) could be an effective alternative. The overall survival rates after LT at 1 and 3 years are 91% and 81%, respectively. The overall five-year survival rate after transplantation is 73% (79% for patients with underlying PSC and 63% for de novo pCCA). Multicenter case series reported a 5-year disease-free survival rate of ~65%. However, different protocols, including neoadjuvant therapy, have been proposed. The scarcity of organ availability represents a crucial limiting factor in recommending LT preferentially in treating pCCA. Living donor transplantations and marginal cadaveric allografts have proven to be exciting options to overcome organ shortage. Management of jaundice and cholangitis is still challenging for these patients and could impact LT listing. Whether to adopt surgical resection or LT as standard-of-care in pCCA is still a matter of debate, and more prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giovinazzo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Maria Pascale
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardella
- Surgical Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tract Unit, Vanvitelli University, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Picarelli
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Molica
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zotta
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Martullo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - George Clarke
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Francesco Frongillo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Agnes
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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3
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Laughlin BS, Petersen MM, Yu NY, Anderson JD, Rule WG, Borad MJ, Aqel BA, Sonbol MB, Mathur AK, Moss AA, Bekaii-Saab TS, Ahn DH, DeWees TA, Sio TT, Ashman JB. Clinical outcomes for hilar and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with adjuvant, definitive, or liver transplant-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy strategies: a single-center experience. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:288-297. [PMID: 35284111 PMCID: PMC8899753 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report our experience with 3 strategies for treating hilar and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) including chemoradiotherapy: neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and orthotopic liver transplant, surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (aCRT), and definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). METHODS We included patients treated from 1998 through 2019. Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank testing, and univariate/multivariate Cox models were used to assess outcomes (local progression-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival). RESULTS Sixty-five patients (nCRT, n=20; aCRT, n=16; dCRT, n=29) met inclusion criteria [median (range) age 65 years (27-84 years)]. Median posttreatment follow-up was 19.1 months (0.8-164.8 months) for all patients and 38.6, 24.3, and 9.0 months for the nCRT, aCRT, and dCRT groups, respectively. At 3 and 5 years, overall survival was 78% and 59% for the nCRT group; 47% and 35%, aCRT group; and 11% and 0%, dCRT group. Compared with the dCRT group, the nCRT group (hazard ratio =0.13, 95% CI: 0.05-0.33) and the aCRT group (hazard ratio =0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.64) had significantly improved overall survival (P<0.001). The 5-year local progression-free survival (50% nCRT vs. 30% aCRT vs. 0% dCRT, P<0.001) and 5-year disease-free survival (61% nCRT vs. 30% aCRT vs. 0% dCRT, P=0.01) were significantly better for strategies combined with surgery. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes for patients with extrahepatic CCA were superior for those who underwent nCRT/orthotopic liver transplant or postsurgical aCRT than for patients treated with dCRT. The excellent outcomes after nCRT/orthotopic liver transplant provide additional independent data supporting the validity of this strategy. The poor survival of patients treated with dCRT highlights a need for better therapies when surgery is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady S. Laughlin
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Molly M. Petersen
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Nathan Y. Yu
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin D. Anderson
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - William G. Rule
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mitesh J. Borad
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Bashar A. Aqel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Mohamad B. Sonbol
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Amit K. Mathur
- Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Adyr A. Moss
- Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Division of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniel H. Ahn
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Todd A. DeWees
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Terence T. Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Ashman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Shu Y, Xu Q, Xu Y, Tao Q, Shao M, Cao X, Chen Y, Wu Z, Chen M, Zhou Y, Zhou P, Shi Y, Bu H. Loss of Numb promotes hepatic progenitor expansion and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by enhancing Notch signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:966. [PMID: 34667161 PMCID: PMC8526591 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numb, a stem cell fate determinant, acts as a tumor suppressor and is closely related to a wide variety of malignancies. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) originates from hepatic progenitors (HPCs); however, the role of Numb in HPC malignant transformation and iCCA development is still unclear. A retrospective cohort study indicated that Numb was frequently decreased in tumor tissues and suggests poor prognosis in iCCA patients. Consistently, in a chemically induced iCCA mouse model, Numb was downregulated in tumor cells compared to normal cholangiocytes. In diet-induced chronic liver injury mouse models, Numb ablation significantly promoted histological impairment, HPC expansion, and tumorigenesis. Similarly, Numb silencing in cultured iCCA cells enhanced cell spheroid growth, invasion, metastasis, and the expression of stem cell markers. Mechanistically, Numb was found to bind to the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), and Numb ablation promoted Notch signaling; this effect was reversed when Notch signaling was blocked by γ-secretase inhibitor treatment. Our results suggested that loss of Numb plays an important role in promoting HPC expansion, HPC malignant transformation, and, ultimately, iCCA development in chronically injured livers. Therapies targeting suppressed Numb are promising for the treatment of iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Shu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yahong Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingyang Shao
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Tumor Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yujun Shi
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hong Bu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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5
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Hasebe K, Yamaguchi J, Kokuryo T, Yokoyama Y, Ochiai Y, Nagino M, Ebata T. Trefoil factor family 2 inhibits cholangiocarcinogenesis by regulating the PTEN pathway in mice. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1496-1505. [PMID: 34644378 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) is one of three trefoil factor family proteins and is expressed abundantly in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Recent studies have shown that TFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric and pancreatic carcinogenesis; however, little is known about its function in cholangiocarcinogenesis. To investigate the function of TFF2 in cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), immunohistochemistry of surgically resected human CCC samples was performed. TFF2 expression was upregulated in the early stage and lost in the late stage of cholangiocarcinogenesis, suggesting the association of TFF2 and CCC. A TFF2 expression vector was then transfected into a CCC cell line (HuCCT1) in vitro, revealing that TFF2 functions as a tumor suppressor not only by inhibiting proliferation and invasion but also by promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells. In addition, PTEN signaling activity was downregulated by TFF2, suggesting an association between TFF2 and PTEN. Next, hepatic carcinogenesis model mice (KC; albumin-Cre/Lox-Stop-Lox KRAS G12D) were bred with TFF2-knockout mice to generate a TFF2-deficient mouse model (KC/TFF2 -/-). Although the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was not different between KC/TFF2 -/- mice and control mice, biliary intraepithelial neoplasm (BilIN), the precursor of CCC, was frequently found in the biliary epithelium of KC/TFF2 -/- mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that BilIN samples from these mice did not express PTEN. In addition, two KC/TFF2 -/- mice developed CCC adjacent to BilIN, suggesting that TFF2 functions to inhibit the development of CCC in vivo. These results indicate that TFF2 acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit the development of CCC by regulating PTEN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Hasebe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshio Kokuryo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ochiai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhou Z, Wang P, Sun R, Li J, Hu Z, Xin H, Luo C, Zhou J, Fan J, Zhou S. Tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages interaction contributes to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by activating STAT3. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001946. [PMID: 33692217 PMCID: PMC7949476 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and macrophages (TAMs) can each influence cancer growth and metastasis, but their combined effects in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unclear. METHODS We explored the distributions of TANs and TAMs in patient-derived ICC samples by multiplex immunofluorescent staining and tested their separate and combined effects on ICC in vitro and in vivo. We then investigated the mechanistic basis of the effects using PCR array, western blot analysis and ELISA experiments. Finally, we validated our results in a tissue microarray composed of primary tumor tissues from 359 patients with ICC. RESULTS The spatial distributions of TANs and TAMs were correlated with each other in patient-derived ICC samples. Interaction between TANs and TAMs enhanced the proliferation and invasion abilities of ICC cells in vitro and tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model of ICC. TANs and TAMs produced higher levels of oncostatin M and interleukin-11, respectively, in co-culture than in monoculture. Both of those cytokines activated STAT3 signaling in ICC cells. Knockdown of STAT3 abolished the protumor effect of TANs and TAMs on ICC. In tumor samples from patients with ICC, increased TAN and TAM levels were correlated with elevated p-STAT3 expression. All three of those factors were independent predictors of patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS TANs and TAMs interact to promote ICC progression by activating STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongqi Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Xin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chubin Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaolai Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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7
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Lang Q, Xiao P, Zhao M, Liang D, Meng Q, Pei T. COUP-TFII promotes metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through upregulating Snail in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1247-1256. [PMID: 33166992 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from cholangiocytes in the intrahepatic bile duct and is the second most common type of liver cancer. The overexpression of COUP-TFII has been observed in several types of malignancies. However, its role in ICC progression remains unclear. In this study, we found that the protein level of COUP-TFII was increased, but the mRNA level was unchanged in ICC tissues. High protein expression was positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in ICC patients. Furthermore, the overexpression of COUP-TFII promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ICC cells in vitro and enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in nude mouse models. Mechanistic studies revealed that COUP-TFII induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ICC cells by upregulating Snail expression. Moreover, the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling led to the upregulation of COUP-TFII protein expression in ICC. Together, these findings indicate that COUP-TFII promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in ICC and suggest that this protein is a potential target for adjuvant therapy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Lang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Desen Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qinghui Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tiemin Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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8
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Nagaoka S, Yamada D, Eguchi H, Yokota Y, Iwagami Y, Asaoka T, Noda T, Kawamoto K, Gotoh K, Kobayashi S, Miyoshi E, Doki Y, Mori M. The blockade of interleukin-33 released by hepatectomy would be a promising treatment option for cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:347-358. [PMID: 33098728 PMCID: PMC7780022 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin released during tissue injury, facilitates the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in a murine model. However, it is unclear whether IL-33 is associated with human CCA. The aim of this study was to support the following hypothesis: IL-33 is released during hepatectomy for CCA, subsequently facilitating the development of subclinical CCA and eventually leading to recurrent disease. IL-33 expression was assessed in various samples from both humans and mice including resected liver and paired plasma samples collected at hepatectomy and after surgery, and its influences on recurrent disease and patient prognosis were determined. Homogenized human liver samples with high or low IL-33 expression were added to the culture medium of human CCA cells, and the changes in proliferation and migration were evaluated. To examine the effects of inhibiting the IL-33 release induced by hepatectomy, syngraft transplantation of murine CCA cells was performed in C57BL/6J mice with or without IL-33 blockade. The amount of IL-33 released into the plasma during hepatectomy correlated with the background liver expression. High expression of IL-33 in the liver was an independent risk factor for recurrence. Homogenized liver tissue strongly expressing IL-33 increased both the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Mice who underwent hepatectomy exhibited CCA progression in the remnant liver, whereas blockade of IL-33 during hepatectomy inhibited tumor progression. Thus, we concluded that surgery for CCA with curative intent paradoxically induced IL-33 release, which facilitated CCA recurrence, and anti-IL-33 therapy during hepatectomy might reduce the risk of CCA recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhai N, Liu J, Xu P, Liu B, Fan Y, Lv C. Pulmonary metastasis of distal cholangiocarcinoma with multiple cavities in bilateral lungs: A case report. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2998-3000. [PMID: 32885606 PMCID: PMC7529578 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a type of malignant tumor derived from the epithelium of the bile duct. Cases of cholangiocarcinoma metastasis to the lung are rare, especially those with imaging features of multiple cavities in bilateral lungs. Here, we report a case of a patient who had previously undergone radical resection of primary distal cholangiocarcinoma 18 months ago. Transbronchoscopic lung biopsy of the right lung and biopsy of the left supraclavicular lymph node were performed for pathology confirmation, as well as immunohistochemistry. Multiple cavity shadows in bilateral lungs and enlarged lymph nodes were found on the computed tomography (CT) scan obtained 18 months postoperatively. No obviously enlarged lymph nodes were observed under the carina and beside the aortic arch, whereas enlarged lymph nodes were found above the left clavicle. Biopsy of lung and supraclavicular lymph nodes confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed that it originated from the digestive tract and had the same homology as cholangiocarcinoma (CK19 +, Villin +). Cholangiocarcinoma can be transferred to the lung and the left supraclavicular lymph nodes through the lymphatic pathway by characteristic jumping lymph node metastases. Diffuse cystic change is a specific CT manifestation of the lymphatic lung metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailiang Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yichu Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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Izzo P, Izzo S, DI Cello P, D'Amata G, Cardi M, Polistena A, Messineo D, Izzo L. Role of Leptin in Neoplastic and Biliary Tree Disease. In Vivo 2020; 34:2485-2490. [PMID: 32871776 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Leptin is a small hormone of protein nature, it is strongly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and its functioning mechanism is not yet well known or whether or not it is actually secreted by cholangiocytes, nor if the biliary tree expresses its receptors. In the past, various studies have tried to correlate leptin levels with certain neoplasms. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that serum leptin values can become a new sensitive and specific serum marker for cholangiocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two patients with gallbladder stones, hepatolithiasis with benign biliary stenosis, cholangiocarcinoma, and a group of patients without hepato-biliary diseases were enrolled in the study. In all cases blood and bile samples were collected for evaluation of leptin levels and liver biopsies were performed to confirm diagnosis. In all patients, both ultrasound and cholangio-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to complete the diagnostic procedure. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were affected by cholangiocarcinoma, 50 by benign biliary disease (35 cholelithiasis and 6 hepatolithiasis and 9 by inflammatory biliary stenosis). The mean values of serum leptin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma were 19.28±8.76 ng/ml, significantly higher than those observed in non-neoplastic biliary diseases. CONCLUSION Serum leptin levels might be a useful marker to differentiate patients with cholangiocarcinoma from those with biliary lithiasis and inflammatory stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Izzo
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli studi "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Izzo
- Unit of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurologic, Metabolic and Ageing Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele D'Amata
- ASL Roma 5 UOC Chirurgia Generale Ospedale di Colleferro, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cardi
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli studi "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Polistena
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli studi "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Messineo
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Università degli Studi "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Izzo
- Department of Surgery "Pietro Valdoni", Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli studi "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Klufah F, Mobaraki G, Chteinberg E, Alharbi RA, Winnepenninckx V, Speel EJM, Rennspiess D, Olde Damink SW, Neumann UP, Kurz AK, Samarska I, zur Hausen A. High Prevalence of Human Polyomavirus 7 in Cholangiocarcinomas and Adjacent Peritumoral Hepatocytes: Preliminary Findings. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081125. [PMID: 32726909 PMCID: PMC7464213 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary-duct malignancy with poor prognosis. Recently, the presence of the human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) has been reported in the bile of diverse hepatobiliary diseases, particularly in the bile of CCA patients. Here, we investigated the presence of novel HPyVs in CCA tissues using diverse molecular techniques to assess a possible role of HPyVs in CCA. Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues of 42 CCA patients were included in this study. PCR-based screening for HPyVs was conducted using degenerated and HPyV-specific primers. Following that, we performed FISH, RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the presence of HPyVs in selected tissues. Of all 42 CCAs, 25 (59%) were positive for one HPyV, while 10 (24%) CCAs were positive for 2 HPyVs simultaneously, and 7 (17%) were negative for HPyVs. Of the total 35 positive CCAs, 19 (45%) were positive for HPyV7, 4 (9%) for HPyV6, 2 (5%) for Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), 8 (19%) for both HPyV7/MCPyV, and 2 (5%) for both HPyV6/HPyV7 as confirmed by sequencing. The presence of viral nucleic acids was confirmed by specific FISH, while the RNA-ISH confirmed the presence of HPyV6 on the single-cell level. In addition, expression of HPyV7, HPyV6, and MCPyV proteins were confirmed by IHC. Our results strongly indicate that HPyV7, HPyV6, and MCPyV infect bile duct epithelium, hepatocytes, and CCA cells, which possibly suggest an indirect role of these viruses in the etiopathogenesis of CCA. Furthermore, the observed hepatotropism of these novel HPyV, in particular HPyV7, might implicate a role of these viruses in other hepatobiliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Klufah
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghalib Mobaraki
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emil Chteinberg
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Raed A. Alharbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Véronique Winnepenninckx
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Ernst Jan M. Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Dorit Rennspiess
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Steven W. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.O.D.); (U.P.N.)
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.O.D.); (U.P.N.)
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Kordelia Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
| | - Axel zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.K.); (G.M.); (E.C.); (V.W.); (E.J.M.S.); (D.R.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433-874-634
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Nintedanib inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma aggressiveness via suppression of cytokines extracted from activated cancer-associated fibroblasts. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:986-994. [PMID: 32015511 PMCID: PMC7109053 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignancy that is challenging to treat. Fibroblasts in ICC tissues have been identified as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that promote the malignant behaviour of ICC cells. An antifibrotic drug nintedanib has been reported to suppress activated hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis. Methods We investigated whether nintedanib could suppress the cancer-promoting effect of CAFs derived from ICC tissues in vitro and in vivo. Results CAFs promoted the proliferation and invasion of ICC cells. Nintedanib suppressed activated CAFs expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and inhibited the ICC-promoting effects of CAFs. Nintedanib greatly reduced the levels of cancer-promoting cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6) and IL-8, secreted by CAFs. An in vivo study demonstrated that nintedanib reduced xenografted ICC growth and activated CAFs expressing α-SMA, and that combination therapy with nintedanib and gemcitabine against CAFs and ICC cells showed the strongest inhibition of tumour growth compared with the control and single-treatment groups. Conclusions Nintedanib inhibited the cancer-promoting effect of CAFs via the suppression of CAF activation and secretion of cancer-promoting cytokines. Our findings suggest that therapeutic strategies combining conventional cytotoxic agents with nintedanib targeting CAFs are promising for overcoming refractory ICC with activated CAFs.
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13
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Pearngam P, Kumkate S, Okada S, Janvilisri T. Andrographolide Inhibits Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Migration by Down-Regulation of Claudin-1 via the p-38 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:827. [PMID: 31404237 PMCID: PMC6669233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide, a bioactive phytochemical from Andrographis paniculata, is emerging as a promising anticancer agent against various cancers. This study aims to investigate anticancer activities of andrographolide against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and to understand the underlying mechanism. The anti-proliferative activity of andrographolide was evaluated in a range of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines including HuCCA-1, KKU-100, KKU-M213, and RMCCA-1. The anti-migration activity and the corresponding mechanism were studied in highly metastatic KKU-M213 cells. The results indicated that andrographolide significantly inhibited the proliferation of CCA cells with the 50% inhibitory growth concentration (IC50) of ∼120 µM. Andrographolide also inhibited CCA cell migration and invasion. Our further explorations demonstrated that andrographolide decreased the expression of claudin-1, a major tight junction protein, while it up-regulated the expression of Snail, a transcriptional repressor of claudin-1. Moreover, andrographolide induced the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminus kinase (JNK) and p-38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Treatment with the p-38-specific inhibitor recovered the claudin-1 expression and migration ability of CCA cells. This work demonstrated the potential anticancer effects of andrographolide, indicating that andrographolide could inhibit CCA cell migration via suppression of claudin-1 through the activation of p-38 MAPK signaling pathway. This compound would be useful for development of alternative therapeutic agent for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phorutai Pearngam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supeecha Kumkate
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection & Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Giuliante F, Gauzolino R, Vellone M, Ardito F, Murazio M, Nuzzo G. Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2019; 91:487-92. [PMID: 16457147 DOI: 10.1177/030089160509100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aims and Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) is the second most common primary liver cancer, representing 10% of all primary liver malignancies. Despite the increase in its incidence, this tumor remains extremely rare in Western countries and few reports detailing experience with surgical resection have been published. The aim of this study was to analyze the experience with resection of IHCC in our center. Methods From 1987 to 2003 we observed 35 patients with IHCC; 15 of them (42.8%) were submitted to hepatic resection. IHCCs accounted for 13% of all liver resections for primary liver tumors carried out at our center during this period. According to the classification of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan, the tumors were classified as “mass-forming” in 14 cases and as “periductal” in one case. Major resections were performed in ten cases and minor resections in five cases. In the patient with a periductal tumor a major resection was performed along with excision of the main biliary confluence. In 14 cases (93.3%) tumor-free resection margins were obtained. Results The intraoperative mortality was nil and the postoperative mortality 6.6%. The postoperative morbidity rate was 21.4%. The mean overall survival was 38.4 months, with 86% and 49% one- and three-year survival rates, respectively. Patients with mass-forming tumors and curative resections (R0) (mean survival 40.8 months; one- and three-year survival rates 92.3% and 52.7%), and those with TNM stage I-II tumors (mean survival 43.7 months; one- and three-year survival rates 100% and 66.7%) had a longer survival. The patient with the periductal tumor and R1 resection died after seven months. Conclusions These results support a surgical approach based on accurate selection of patients with IHCC and aimed at radical resection whenever possible. The good survival rates observed in R0 resections emphasize the role of radical surgery as the only chance of cure for patients with this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Giuliante
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Ying J, Chen J. Combination versus mono-therapy as salvage treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer: A comprehensive meta-analysis of published data. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 139:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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16
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The Combination of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy in Primary Liver Tumors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:4304817. [PMID: 31182960 PMCID: PMC6512065 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4304817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment recommendations for primary liver malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. Despite surgical options that are potentially curative, options for nonsurgical candidates include systemic therapy, radiotherapy (RT), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is now in routine use for the treatment of lung cancer, and there is growing evidence supporting its use in liver tumors. SBRT has the advantage of delivering ablative radiation doses in a limited number of fractions while minimizing the risk of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) through highly conformal treatment plans. It should be considered in a multidisciplinary setting for the management of patients with unresectable, locally advanced primary liver malignancies and limited treatment options. Recently, the combination of immunotherapy with SBRT has been proposed to improve antitumor effects through engaging the immune system. This review aims at shedding light on the novel concept of the combination strategy of immune-radiotherapy in liver tumors by exploring the evidence surrounding the use of SBRT and immunotherapy for the treatment of HCC and CCA.
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17
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Rossignoli G, Grottesi A, Bisello G, Montioli R, Borri Voltattorni C, Paiardini A, Bertoldi M. Cysteine 180 Is a Redox Sensor Modulating the Activity of Human Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Histidine Decarboxylase. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6336-6348. [PMID: 30346159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme catalyzing the conversion of histidine to histamine, a bioactive molecule exerting its role in many modulatory processes. The human enzyme is involved in many physiological functions, such as neurotransmission, gastrointestinal track function, cell growth, and differentiation. Here, we studied the functional properties of the human enzyme and, in particular, the effects exerted at the protein level by two cysteine residues: Cys-180 and Cys-418. Surprisingly, the enzyme exists in an equilibrium between a reduced and an oxidized form whose extent depends on the redox state of Cys-180. Moreover, we determined that (i) the two enzymatic redox species exhibit modest structural changes in the coenzyme microenvironment and (ii) the oxidized form is slightly more active and stable than the reduced one. These data are consistent with the model proposed by bioinformatics analyses and molecular dynamics simulations in which the Cys-180 redox state could be responsible for a structural transition affecting the C-terminal domain reorientation leading to active site alterations. Furthermore, the biochemical properties of the purified C180S and C418S variants reveal that C180S behaves like the reduced form of the wild-type enzyme, while C418S is sensitive to reductants like the wild-type enzyme, thus allowing the identification of Cys-180 as the redox sensitive switch. On the other hand, Cys-418 appears to be a residue involved in aggregation propensity. A possible role for Cys-180 as a regulatory switch in response to different cellular redox conditions could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bisello
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Riccardo Montioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli" , University "La Sapienza", Rome , P.zale A. Moro 5 , 00185 Roma , Italy
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement , University of Verona , Strada Le Grazie, 8 , 37134 Verona , Italy
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Yamaoka R, Ishii T, Kawai T, Yasuchika K, Miyauchi Y, Kojima H, Katayama H, Ogiso S, Fukumitsu K, Uemoto S. CD90 expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:664-674. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Yamaoka
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Takamichi Ishii
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawai
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kentaro Yasuchika
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuya Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hidenobu Kojima
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hokahiro Katayama
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogiso
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Ken Fukumitsu
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Jiang K, Centeno BA. Primary Liver Cancers, Part 2: Progression Pathways and Carcinogenesis. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274817744658. [PMID: 29353494 PMCID: PMC5933573 DOI: 10.1177/1073274817744658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) have been increasing in incidence worldwide and are leading causes of cancer death. Studies of the molecular alterations leading to these carcinomas provide insights into the key mechanisms involved. A literature review was conducted to identify articles with information relevant to current understanding of the etiologies and molecular pathogenesis of HCC and ICC. Chronic inflammatory diseases are the key etiological risk factors for both HCC and ICC, although other diseases play a role, and for many ICCs, an underlying risk factor is not identified. Mutations in catenin beta 1 ( CTNBB1) and tumor protein 53 (P53) are the main genetic alterations in HCC. Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), KRAS protooncogene GTPase (KRAS), a RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog in neoroblastoma (NRAS) and P53 are primary genetic alterations in ICC. In both diseases, the mutational landscape is dependent on the underlying etiology. The most significant etiologies and genetic processes involved in the carcinogenesis of HCC and ICC are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- 1 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,2 Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine at University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Barbara A Centeno
- 1 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,2 Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine at University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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An aberrantly spliced isoform of anterior gradient-2, AGR2vH promotes migration and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:109-116. [PMID: 30086457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of bile duct, considered to be an incurable and lethal cancer. High mortality rate of CCA patients is underlined by cancer metastasis, an ability of the cancer cells that spread to secondary organs. Recently, we have identified Anterior Gradient-2 (AGR2), from a pair of non-metastatic/metastatic cell lines (KKU-213/KKU-213L5), as a gene that is highly and specifically upregulated in the metastatic cell line. AGR2 encodes for a disulfide isomerase enzyme, ubiquitously detected in mucus-secreting tissues. Overexpression of AGR2 has been reported in several types of human cancer. Role of the overexpressed AGR2 in cancer is still unclear. Here, we found that upregulation of AGR2 in metastatic CCA cells coincides with an aberrant splicing of AGR2 mRNA, and that isoforms of AGR2 RNA, such as AGR2vE, AGR2vF, and AGR2vH are specific to the metastatic cells. We demonstrated that the AGR2vH isoform enables metastatic-associated phenotypes in CCA cells. Depletion of AGR2vH by an isoform-specific interfering RNA in metastatic KKU-213L5 cell results in significant reduction of cancer cell migration and invasion, and a slight decrease of cell adhesion. Overexpression of AGR2vH in non-metastatic KKU-213 cells promotes cancer cell migration, invasion, adhesion, and moderate cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that expression of a metastasis-associated gene, vimentin, positively correlates with expression of AGR2vH. Our results support the notion that aberrant alternative splicing of AGR2 facilitates an accumulation of the oncogenic AGR2vH isoform, in turn, contributes to the pathogenesis and severity of CCA.
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Silakit R, Kitirat Y, Thongchot S, Loilome W, Techasen A, Ungarreevittaya P, Khuntikeo N, Yongvanit P, Yang JH, Kim NH, Yook JI, Namwat N. Potential role of HIF-1-responsive microRNA210/HIF3 axis on gemcitabine resistance in cholangiocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199827. [PMID: 29953500 PMCID: PMC6023215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) is a robust target for hypoxia-inducible factor, and its overexpression has been detected in a variety of solid tumors. However, the role of miR-210 in the development, progression and response to therapy in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains undefined. We report here that high miR-210 expression was significantly correlated with the shorter survival of CCA patients. Overexpression of miR-210 inhibited CCA cell proliferation at the G2/M phase and reduced the gemcitabine sensitivity in CCA cells under CoCl2-induced pseudohypoxia. Concomitantly, inhibition of endogenous miR-210 activity using miRNA sponges increased cell proliferation under CoCl2-induced pseudohypoxia, resulting in an increase in gemcitabine sensitivity in CCA cells. We showed that HIF-3α, a negative controller of HIF-1α, was a target of miR-210 constituting a feed-forward hypoxic regulatory loop. Our data suggest an important role of miR-210 in sustaining HIF-1α activity via the suppression of HIF-3α, regulating cell growth and chemotherapeutic drug resistance in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runglawan Silakit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yingpinyapat Kitirat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piti Ungarreevittaya
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (NN); (JIY)
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail: (NN); (JIY)
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22
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Phase 1b investigation of the MEK inhibitor binimetinib in patients with advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:1037-1043. [PMID: 29785570 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The MAPK pathway plays a central role in regulation of several cellular processes, and its dysregulation is a hallmark of biliary tract cancer (BTC). Binimetinib (MEK162), a potent, selective oral MEK1/2 inhibitor, was assessed in patients with advanced BTC. Patients and Methods An expansion cohort study in patients who received ≤1 line of therapy for advanced BTC was conducted after determination of the maximum tolerated dose in this Phase 1 trial. Patients received binimetinib 60 mg twice daily. The primary objectives were to characterize the safety profile and pharmacokinetics of binimetinib in advanced BTC. Secondary objectives included assessment of clinical efficacy, changes in weight and lean body mass, and pharmacodynamic effects. Tumor samples were assessed for mutations in relevant genes. Results Twenty-eight patients received binimetinib. Common adverse events (AEs) were mild, with rash (82%) and nausea (54%) being most common. Two patients experienced grade 4 AEs, one generalized edema and the other pulmonary embolism. The pharmacokinetics in this patient population were consistent with those previously reported (Bendell JC et al., Br J Cancer 2017;116:575-583). Twelve patients (43%) experienced stable disease and two had objective responses (1 complete response, 1 partial response) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and stable metabolic disease by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Most patients (18/25; 72%) did not have KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, PI3KCA, or PTEN mutations, nor was there correlation between mutation status and response. The average non-fluid weight gain was 1.3% for lean muscle and 4.7% for adipose tissue. Conclusion Binimetinib was well tolerated and showed promising evidence of activity in patients with BTC. Correlative studies suggested the potential for binimetinib to promote muscle gain in patients with BTC.
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Tanjak P, Thiantanawat A, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Genistein reduces the activation of AKT and EGFR, and the production of IL6 in cholangiocarcinoma cells involving estrogen and estrogen receptors. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:177-188. [PMID: 29693152 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the biliary epithelium associated with Opisthorchis viverrini, primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatitis viral infection. In the global population, men have higher incidence rates for CCA than women; thus, a gender disparity in the progression of chronic inflammation of the biliary duct leading to malignancy may involve the effects of estrogen (E2). Genistein (GE), a prominent phytoestrogen found in soy products, is an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The present study investigated the effects of GE on the growth of CCA cells by cell viability assay. The effects on signaling proteins were detected by western blot analysis and ELISA. Gene expression was examined by RT-qPCR. Two human intrahepatic CCA cell lines, HuCCA‑1 and RMCCA‑1, were utilized. GE (50‑200 µM) reduced the viability of the two cell lines, and also inhibited the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT, as evidenced by decreasing protein levels of phosphorylated (p)-EGFR (Tyr1173) and p‑AKT (Ser473), respectively. GE altered the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling cascade by mediating decreased protein levels of p‑p38 and increased protein levels of p‑ERK1/2. GE significantly decreased the levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) and induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GE also downregulated the expression of p‑ERα (Ser118) protein and ERα mRNA levels. Finally, GE induced the downregulation of the protein levels of ERβ. Of note, E2 deprivation potentiated the GE-induced reduction of p‑EGFR (Tyr1173) and total AKT proteins and production of IL6, and mediated the downregulation of GE-induced iNOS protein. In conclusion, GE inhibited the growth of human CCA cell lines by reducing the activation of EGFR and AKT, and by attenuating the production of IL6. E2 and ER were also involved in the growth-inhibitory effect of GE in CCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariyada Tanjak
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Apinya Thiantanawat
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Piyajit Watcharasit
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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24
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Single-institution experience with gemcitabine–cisplatin combination therapy as a second-line treatment for patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer after failure of gemcitabine–S-1 combination therapy: a prospective feasibility study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:949-955. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Majeed A, Castedal M, Arnelo U, Söderdahl G, Bergquist A, Said K. Optimizing the detection of biliary dysplasia in primary sclerosing cholangitis before liver transplantation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:56-63. [PMID: 28990806 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1385840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We evaluated pre-transplant work-up in PSC patients, to search for the most effective strategy for the detection of biliary dysplasia or early CCA. METHODS Two hundred and twenty five consecutive PSC patients undergoing liver transplantation (LTx) in Sweden between 1999 and 2013 were studied. Patients with CCA or dysplasia in the explanted liver were compared with those with benign histopathology. Measures of test performance were calculated for patients having brush cytology on one endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) occasion, for those having repeated examinations with or without cholangioscopy, and for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Survival after LTx was analyzed. RESULTS Brush cytology on a single ERCP occasion had moderate sensitivity (57%) and high specificity (94%) for the detection of CCA/high grade dysplasia (HGD) in the explanted liver. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity for FISH were 84% and 90%, respectively. Utilizing repeated ERCP and brush cytology to confirm the initial finding improved sensitivity to 82%. Using single operator cholangioscopy (SOC) for targeted examination at the second ERCP improved sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97%) significantly. Mortality rate in patients with incidentally discovered CCA (n = 16) in the explanted liver was significantly higher than in patients with HGD or benign histopathology (HR 16.0; 95% CI, 5.6-45.4; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Repeated brush cytology especially when combined with targeted examination under SOC guidance is superior to single brush examinations. This strategy improves the detection of malignancy in PSC and is of importance for selection of patients for LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Majeed
- a Center for Digestive Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Maria Castedal
- d Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Urban Arnelo
- a Center for Digestive Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,e Department of Clinical Science, Division of Surgery , Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Gunnar Söderdahl
- a Center for Digestive Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,f Department of Transplantation Surgery , Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Annika Bergquist
- a Center for Digestive Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Karouk Said
- a Center for Digestive Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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26
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Sogawa K, Kobayashi K, Kikkawa S, Takano S, Yoshitomi H, Takizawa H, Ohtsuka M, Shimizu H, Furuhata K, Miyazaki M, Yokosuka O, Nomura F. Development of a sandwich ELISA for the thrombin light chain identified by serum proteome analysis. Pract Lab Med 2017; 8:34-40. [PMID: 28856225 PMCID: PMC5575372 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified novel biomarker candidates in biliary tract cancer (BTC) using serum proteome analysis. Among several candidates, we focused on thrombin light chain which is a 4204 Da peptide as the most promising biomarker for BTC. To move thrombin light chain toward potential diagnostic use, we developed an enzyme immunoassay that enables to measure serum thrombin light chain levels. Both one monoclonal antibody specific to the N-termini and one polyclonal antibody were used to develop a sandwich ELISA for thrombin light chain. The assay was evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained by the ClinProt™ system. Serum samples were obtained from 20 patients with BTC, 20 patients with BBTDs and 20 HVs using the ClinProt™ system and ELISA. The results of the established ELISA showed a positive correlation with the findings by ClinProt™ system (slope=0.3386, intercept=34.901, r2=0.9641). The performance of the ELISA was satisfactory in terms of recovery (97.9–102.5%) and within-run (1.5–4.8%) and between-day (1.9–6.7%) reproducibility. Serum thrombin light chain levels were significantly greater in BTC (176.5±47.2 ng/mL) than in BBTDs (128.6±17.4 ng/mL) and HVs (127.6±16.0 ng/mL) (p<0.001). The sandwich ELISA developed in this study will be useful for validation of the diagnostic significance of serum thrombin light chain levels in various cancers. We previously identified novel biomarker candidates in biliary tract cancer (BTC) using serum proteome analysis. Among several candidates, we focused on thrombin light chain which is a 4204 Da peptide as the most promising biomarker for BTC. Both one monoclonal antibody specific to the N-termini and one polyclonal antibody were used to develop a sandwich ELISA for thrombin light chain. The performance of the ELISA was satisfactory in terms of recovery (97.9–102.5%) and within-run (1.5–4.8%) and between-day (1.9–6.7%) reproducibility. Serum thrombin light chain levels were significantly greater in BTC (176.5±47.2 ng/mL) than in BBTDs (128.6±17.4 ng/mL) and HVs (127.6±16.0 ng/mL) (p<0.001). The sandwich ELISA developed in this study will be useful for validation of the diagnostic significance of serum thrombin light chain levels in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sogawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kana Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kikkawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Kashiwado Clinic in Port-Square, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, 1-35 Tonyachou, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-0025, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsunori Furuhata
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Divisions of Clinical Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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27
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Voigtländer T, Metzger J, Schönemeier B, Jäger M, Mischak H, Manns MP, Lankisch TO. A combined bile and urine proteomic test for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis in patients with biliary strictures of unknown origin. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:668-676. [PMID: 28815030 PMCID: PMC5548357 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616687836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) remains a diagnostic challenge particularly in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We recently established diagnostic peptide marker models in bile and urine to detect CC. Our aim was to combine both models to reach a higher diagnostic accuracy of CC diagnosis. METHODS Bile (BPA) and urine (UPA) proteome analysis by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry was performed in a case-control phase II study on 87 patients (36 CC including 13 with CC on top of PSC, 33 PSC and 18 other benign disorders). A logistic regression model with both analyses was developed and subsequently validated in a prospective cohort of 45 patients. RESULTS In the retrospective study, single BPA and UPA showed sensitivities of 83 and 89 % and specificities of 80 and 86 % with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.85 and 0.93. If CC was defined as positive UPA and BPA the combination resulted in a sensitivity of 72 % and a specificity of 96 %. The logistic regression model resulted in an increase in sensitivity to 92 % at 84 % specificity with an AUC of 0.96. Applied to the prospective study cohort, the logistic regression model was superior in its sensitivity (94%) and specificity (76%) over single BPA (63% sensitivity, 69% specificity) and UPA (81% sensitivity, 72% specificity) with an AUC of 0.84. CONCLUSION Our logistic regression model enables CC diagnosis with a higher accuracy than currently available diagnostic tools leading potentially to an earlier diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Voigtländer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center – Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Bastian Schönemeier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Jäger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center – Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim O Lankisch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center – Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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28
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Proungvitaya S, Klinthong W, Proungvitaya T, Limpaiboon T, Jearanaikoon P, Roytrakul S, Wongkham C, Nimboriboonporn A, Wongkham S. High expression of CCDC25 in cholangiocarcinoma tissue samples. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2566-2572. [PMID: 28789463 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant transformation of biliary epithelial cells. It is a slow growing tumor, but is also highly metastatic with a poor prognosis. Bile acids are known to transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cholangiocytes and induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression. The protein expression profiles of bile acid-treated CCA cells were studied using a proteomic approach. To elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the bile acid-mediated enhancement of CCA cell migration, the effects of six bile acids, including cholic, deoxycholic, taurocholic, taurodeoxycholic, glycocholic and glycodeoxycholic acid, on the migration of CCA cells were examined in vitro using wound healing assays. Subsequently, the possible proteins involved in enhanced CCA cell migration were investigated using a proteomic approach. Changes to the protein expression profiles of CCA cells following bile acid treatment was examined using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that cholic and deoxycholic acid significantly enhanced the migration of CCA cells, compared with the treated MMNK-1 control cells. CCA cells had 77 overexpressed protein spots following cholic acid treatment, and 50 protein spots following deoxycholic acid treatment, compared with the treated MMNK-1 control cells. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that coiled-coil domain containing 25 (CCDC25) was significantly overexpressed in cholic acid-treated CCA cells compared with in cholic acid-treated control cells. When the expression levels of CCDC25 were investigated using western blot analysis, CCDC25 was demonstrated to be highly expressed in CCA tissues, but not in the adjacent non-cancerous tissue samples. The identified proteins were further analyzed for protein-chemical interactions using STITCH version 3.1 software. CCDC25 protein was identified to be associated with Son of sevenless homolog 1 and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, which are involved in EGFR signaling. The results of the present study demonstrated that following cholic acid treatment, CCDC25 is overexpressed in CCA cells, which is associated with significantly enhanced cell migration. This suggests that CCDC25 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wachiraya Klinthong
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Proungvitaya
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Jearanaikoon
- Centre of Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anongporn Nimboriboonporn
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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29
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Kennedy I, Francis H, Meng F, Glaser S, Alpini G. Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of microRNAs in cholangiopathies. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:34-41. [PMID: 29085701 PMCID: PMC5659325 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are a group of rare, devastating diseases that arise from damaged cholangiocytes, the cells that line the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts of the biliary epithelium. Cholangiopathies result in significant morbidity and mortality and are a major cause of liver transplantation. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis that influences cholangiocyte dysregulation and cholangiopathy progression is necessary, considering the dismal prognosis associated with these diseases. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional mRNA expression of specific genes. The role of microRNAs has expanded to include the initiation and development of many diseases, including cholangiopathies. Understanding microRNA regulation of cholangiopathies may provide diagnostic and therapeutic benefit for these diseases. In this review, the authors primarily focus on studies published within the last five years that help determine the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs in cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- indsey Kennedy
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System,Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health3, Temple, Texas, USA,Corresponding author: Texas A&M Health Science Center Olin E. Teague Medical Center 1901 South 1st Street, Bldg. 205, 1R60 Temple, TX, 76504, USA
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30
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Hu MH, Chen LJ, Chen YL, Tsai MS, Shiau CW, Chao TI, Liu CY, Kao JH, Chen KF. Targeting SHP-1-STAT3 signaling: A promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65077-65089. [PMID: 29029413 PMCID: PMC5630313 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a multiple kinase inhibitor which targets Raf kinases, VEGFR, and PDGFR and is approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previously, we found that p-STAT3 is a major target of SC-43, a sorafenib derivative. In this study, we report that SC-43-induced apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) via a novel mechanism. Three CCA cell lines (HuCCT-1, KKU-100 and CGCCA) were treated with SC-43 to determine their sensitivity to SC-43-induced cell death and apoptosis. We found that SC-43 activated SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) activity, leading to p-STAT3 and downstream cyclin B1 and Cdc2 downregulation, which induced G2-M arrest and apoptotic cell death. Importantly, SC-43 augmented SHP-1 activity by direct binding to N-SH2 and relief of its autoinhibition. Deletion of the N-SH2 domain (dN1) or point mutation (D61A) of SHP-1 counteracted the effect of SC-43-induced SHP-1 phosphatase activation and antiproliferation ability in CCA cells. In vivo assay revealed that SC-43 exhibited xenograft tumor growth inhibition, p-STAT3 reduction and SHP-1 activity elevation. In conclusion, SC-43 induced apoptosis in CCA cells through the SHP-1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hung Hu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-I Chao
- Transplant Medicine and Surgery Research Centre, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Chiang KC, Yeh TS, Huang CC, Chang YC, Juang HH, Cheng CT, Pang JHS, Hsu JT, Takano M, Chen TC, Kittaka A, Hsiao M, Yeh CN. MART-10 represses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and high vitamin D receptor expression indicates better prognosis for cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43773. [PMID: 28256614 PMCID: PMC5335655 DOI: 10.1038/srep43773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to no effective treatments available. Since the non-mineral functions of vitamin D emerges, 1α,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, has been applied in anti-cancer researches. In this study, we demonstrated that both the 1α,25(OH)2D3 analog, MART-10, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 possessed anti-growth effect on human CCA cells with MART-10 much more potent than 1α,25(OH)2D3. The growth inhibition of both drugs were mediated by induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through upregulation of p27 and downregulation of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D3. Human neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) was found to be involved in 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 meditated growth inhibition for CCA as knockdown of NGAL decreased Ki-67 expression in SNU308 cells and rendered SNU308 cells less responsive to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and MART-10 treatment. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockdown partly abolished MART-10-induced inhibition of NGAL and cell growth in SNU308 cells. The xenograft animal study demonstrated MART-10 could effectively repressed CCA growth in vivo without inducing obvious side effects. The IHC examination of human CCA specimen for VDR revealed that higher VDR expression was linked with better prognosis. Collectively, our results suggest that MART-10 could be a promising regimen for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung, R.O.C, Taiwan.,Director of Zebrafish center of Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, 333, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, M-1022, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5195, Japan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, R.O.C, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department and Liver research center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, R.O.C, Taiwan
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32
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Autocrine and Paracrine Mechanisms Promoting Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010149. [PMID: 28098760 PMCID: PMC5297782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, a typical feature of cholangiocarcinoma, prevents the efficacy of the therapeutic arsenal usually used to combat malignancy in humans. Mechanisms of chemoresistance by neoplastic cholangiocytes include evasion of drug-induced apoptosis mediated by autocrine and paracrine cues released in the tumor microenvironment. Here, recent evidence regarding molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance is reviewed, as well as associations between well-developed chemoresistance and activation of the cancer stem cell compartment. It is concluded that improved understanding of the complex interplay between apoptosis signaling and the promotion of cell survival represent potentially productive areas for active investigation, with the ultimate aim of encouraging future studies to unveil new, effective strategies able to overcome current limitations on treatment.
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33
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Njei B, McCarty TR, Varadarajulu S, Navaneethan U. Systematic review with meta-analysis: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-based modalities for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:1139-1151. [PMID: 27696456 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy of current endoscopic modalities for diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is suboptimal. AIM To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-based modalities, independently or in combination, for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC-induced biliary strictures. METHODS Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases were performed through December 2015. Measured outcomes included sensitivity and specificity of all diagnostic modalities independently or in combination. A bivariate model was used to compute the pooled sensitivity and specificity, and to plot the summary receiver operating characteristics curve with summary point and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A logistic regression model was used to impute the incremental performance of combining two diagnostic tests. RESULTS Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria: 13 on bile duct brushing for cytology, 7 on fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), 2 on probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, and 4 on single-operator cholangioscopy with targeted biopsies. Single-operator cholangioscopy with targeted biopsies was the most accurate diagnostic modality at 96% (95% CI, 94-97%). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of single-operator cholangioscopy for diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC was 65% (95% CI, 35-87%) and 97% (95% CI, 87-99%), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio to detect cholangiocarcinoma was 59 (95% CI, 10-341). CONCLUSIONS Single-operator cholangioscopy with targeted biopsies appears to be the most accurate ERCP-based modality for diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. However, future large, well-designed comparative diagnostic studies are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Njei
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Investigative Medicine Program, Yale Center of Clinical Investigation, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T R McCarty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Varadarajulu
- Center for Interventional Endoscopy, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - U Navaneethan
- Center for Interventional Endoscopy, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
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Squadroni M, Tondulli L, Gatta G, Mosconi S, Beretta G, Labianca R. Cholangiocarcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 116:11-31. [PMID: 28693792 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer accounts for <1% of all cancers and affects chiefly an elderly population, with predominance in men. We distinguish cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic, hilar and distal) and gallbladder cancer, with different pathogenesis and prognosis. The treatment is based on surgery (whenever possible), radiotherapy in selected cases, and chemotherapy. The standard cytotoxic treatment for advanced/metastatic disease is represented by the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin, whereas fluoropyrimidines are generally administered in second line setting. At the present time, no biologic drug demonstrated a clear efficacy in this cancer, although the molecular characterisation could provide a promising basis for experimental treatments. A good supportive care and an early palliative care are warranted in most patients and should be delivered as a part of a global approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Tondulli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Borgo Roma Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gemma Gatta
- Italian National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
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35
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Liu B, Yan S, Jia Y, Ma J, Wu S, Xu Y, Shang M, Mao A. TLR2 promotes human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell migration and invasion by modulating NF-κB pathway-mediated inflammatory responses. FEBS J 2016; 283:3839-3850. [PMID: 27616304 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Yiping Jia
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Shaoqiu Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Yuyao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Mingyi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Aiwu Mao
- Department of Interventional Radiology; Tongren Hospital; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; China
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36
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Huang CC, Yeh TS, S Pang JH, Hsu JT, Chen LW, Kuo SF, Kittaka A, Chen TC, Juang HH. 25(OH)D Is Effective to Repress Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth through the Conversion of 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)₂D₃. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081326. [PMID: 27529229 PMCID: PMC5000723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease without effective treatments. 1α,25(OH)2D3, the active form of Vitamin D, has emerged as a new anti-cancer regimen. However, the side effect of hypercalcemia impedes its systemic administration. 25(OH)D is biologically inert and needs hydroxylation by CYP27B1 to form 1α,25(OH)2D3, which is originally believed to only take place in kidneys. Recently, the extra-renal expression of CYP27B1 has been identified and in vitro conversion of 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)2D3 has been found in some cancer cells with CYP27B1 expression. In this study, CYP27B1 expression was demonstrated in CCA cells and human CCA specimens. 25(OH)D effectively represses SNU308 cells growth, which was strengthened or attenuated as CYP27B1 overexpression or knockdown. Lipocalcin-2 (LCN2) was also found to be repressed by 25(OH)D. After treatment with 800 ng/mL 25(OH)D, the intracellular 1α,25(OH)2D3 concentration was higher in SNU308 cells with CYP27B1 overexpression than wild type SNU308 cells. In a xenograft animal experiment, 25(OH)D, at a dose of 6 μg/kg or 20 μg/kg, significantly inhibited SNU308 cells’ growth without inducing obvious side effects. Collectively, our results indicated that SNU308 cells were able to convert 25(OH)D to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D CYP27B1 gene therapy could be deemed as a promising therapeutic direction for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department and Zebrafish Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Cheng Huang
- Pathology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hwei S Pang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Tai C Chen
- Endocrine core lab, boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 244, Taiwan.
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Wang B, Chen L, Chang HT. Potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma in serum and bile. Biomark Med 2016; 10:613-9. [PMID: 27232281 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2015-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating malignancy that is difficult to treat because of its insensitivity to conventional therapies and the inability to detect early tumor formation. Novel molecular techniques have enabled the use of serum and bile markers for CCA diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we summarize the principal characteristics of serum and bile markers of CCA. Biomarkers such as interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinases, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and bile acids have shown promise for improving CCA diagnosis. Several markers such as CYFRA 21-1, MK-1 and C-reactive protein were recently shown to be effective for CCA prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, China
| | - Hao-Teng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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38
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Assawasuparerk K, Rawangchue T, Phonarknguen R. Scabraside D Derived from Sea Cucumber Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastasis via iNOS and STAT-3 Expression in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Xenografts. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:2151-7. [PMID: 27221911 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabraside D, a sulfated triterpene glycoside, was extracted from the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. It shows anti-proliferation in many of cancer cell lines, but the function and mechanisms of action of scabraside D in human cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCA) have not previously determined. In this study, we investigated the activity of scabraside D on HuCCA cell apoptosis, lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in a nude mouse model. Scabraside D induced signs of apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, nuclear fragmentation and DNA fragmentation on TUNEL assays, while effectively decreasing expression of BCl-2 but increasing caspase-3 gene level expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed that scabraside D significantly reduced lymphatic vessel density (LVD). Moreover, scabraside D treatment significantly decreased VEGF-C, MMP-9 and uPA gene expression, which play important roles in the lymphangiogenesis and invasion of cancer cells in metastasis processes. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that scabraside D significantly decreased iNOS and STAT-3 gene expression. This study demonstrated that scabraside D plays a role in activation of HuCCA tumor apoptosis and inhibition of lymphangiogenesis, invasion and metastasis through decreasing BCl-2, MMP-9, uPA and VEGF-C and increasing caspase-3 expression by suppression of iNOS and STAT-3 expression. Therefore, scabraside D could be a promising candidate for cholangiocarcinoma treatment.
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Onda S, Ogura T, Kurisu Y, Masuda D, Sano T, Takagi W, Fukunishi S, Higuchi K. EUS-guided FNA for biliary disease as first-line modality to obtain histological evidence. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:302-12. [PMID: 27134660 PMCID: PMC4830098 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x15625584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few reports have described endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for biliary lesions. In addition, adverse events were not completely examined in previous reports, due to the inclusion of cases in which biliary stents had already been placed. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic yield and adverse events of EUS-FNA for biliary lesions as the first-line diagnostic modality for consecutive prospectively registered patients. METHODS Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with suspected cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) based on computed tomography or other imaging modalities; (2) patients who had not previously undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or EUS-FNA; (3) absence of surgically altered anatomy, such as Roux-en-Y anastomosis or duodenal obstruction caused by tumor invasion, through which an endoscope could not pass; and (4) provision of written informed consent to all procedures associated with the study. RESULTS A total of 47 consecutive patients with suspected CCA were registered to this study. Sensitivity and accuracy were 89% and 87%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, puncture site was the only factor associated with reduced diagnostic yield (hazard ration, 6.879; 95% confidence interval, 1.172-40.374; P = 0.033). Remarkably, no adverse events such as bleeding or bile leakage were associated with EUS-FNA in any of the 47 patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EUS-FNA can be safely performed for biliary disease without biliary stenting. Furthermore, this procedure may warrant use as the first-line diagnostic method, although our results need to be validated in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Onda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan
| | | | | | - Daisuke Masuda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Sano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan
| | - Wataru Takagi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan
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40
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Liu N, Jiang F, He TL, Zhang JK, Zhao J, Wang C, Jiang GX, Cao LP, Kang PC, Zhong XY, Lin TY, Cui YF. The Roles of MicroRNA-122 Overexpression in Inhibiting Proliferation and Invasion and Stimulating Apoptosis of Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16566. [PMID: 26686459 PMCID: PMC4685305 DOI: 10.1038/srep16566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated whether microRNA-122 (miR-122) played important roles in the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of human cholangiocarcinoma (CC) cells. QBC939 and RBE cells lines were chosen and divided into five groups: miR-122 mimic group, anti-miR-122 group, negative control (NC) group, mock group and blank group. MiR-122 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Roles of miR-122 in cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were investigated using MTT assay, flow cytometer and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. MiR-122 expression was lower in CC tissues and QBC939 cell than that in normal bile duct tissues, HCCC-9810 and RBE cells. In both QBC939 and RBE cells lines, miR-122 expression was higher in miR-122 mimic group than that in NC group, mock group and blank group; opposite results were found in anti-miR-122 group. Cell proliferation and invasion were remarkably inhibited in miR-122 mimic group after 48 h/72 h transfection, while apoptotic cells numbers were much greater in miR-122 mimic group; the opposite results were obtained from anti-miR-122 group (all P < 0.05). MiR-122 expression was significantly weaker in CC tissues, and miR-122 overexpression might play pivotal roles in inhibiting proliferation, stimulating apoptosis and suppressing invasion of CC cells, suggesting a new target for CC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan Provincial people's Hospital, Haikou 570311, P.R. China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Geratology, Hainan Provincial people's Hospital, Haikou 570311, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lin He
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Kuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional, the Third Hospital of PLA, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang 441021, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430024, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Xing Jiang
- Department of Interventional, the Third Hospital of PLA, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Department of Interventional, the Third Hospital of PLA, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Kang
- Department of Interventional, the Third Hospital of PLA, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhong
- Department of Interventional, the Third Hospital of PLA, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Lin
- Department of Interventional, the Third Hospital of PLA, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Fu Cui
- Department of Interventional, the Third Hospital of PLA, P.R. China
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Liu R, Li X, Qiang X, Luo L, Hylemon PB, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Zhou H. Taurocholate Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression via the Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor 2 in a Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30988-1002. [PMID: 26518876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare, but highly malignant primary hepatobiliary cancer with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Our recent studies reported that conjugated bile acids (CBAs) promote the invasive growth of CCA via activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostaglandin in various human malignancies including CCA. Previous studies have indicated that COX-2 was highly expressed in CCA tissues, and the survival rate of CCA patients was negatively associated with high COX-2 expression levels. It has also been reported that CBAs induce COX-2 expression, whereas free bile acids inhibit COX-2 expression in CCA mouse models. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms and connection between S1PR2 and COX-2 expression in CCA cells have still not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we examined the role of S1PR2 in conjugated bile acid (taurocholate, (TCA))-induced COX-2 expression in a human HuCCT1 CCA cell line and further identified the potential underlying cellular mechanisms. The results indicated that TCA-induced invasive growth of human CCA cells was correlated with S1PR2-medated up-regulation of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Inhibition of S1PR2 activation with chemical antagonist (JTE-013) or down-regulation of S1PR2 expression with gene-specific shRNA not only reduced COX-2 expression, but also inhibited TCA-induced activation of EGFR and the ERK1/2/Akt-NF-κB signaling cascade. In conclusion, S1PR2 plays a critical role in TCA-induced COX-2 expression and CCA growth and may represent a novel therapeutic target for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runping Liu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Lan Luo
- the Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, and
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, and
| | - Luyong Zhang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, the Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, and
| | - Huiping Zhou
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, the McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298
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Genome-wide screen identified let-7c/miR-99a/miR-125b regulating tumor progression and stem-like properties in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncogene 2015; 35:3376-86. [PMID: 26455324 PMCID: PMC4932558 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which is a poor prognosis malignancy that arises from the malignant transformation of cholangiocytes, is associated with chronic inflammation of the biliary epithelium. Thus far, the molecular mechanisms of the origin and neoplastic processes of CCA that are promoted by inflammation are still unclear and need to be fully elucidated. Here using small RNA sequencing to determine the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in CCA, we found that let-7c, miR-99a and miR-125b, which are three miRNAs of the same cluster, were downregulated in CCA and targeted interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-6R and type 1 insulin-like growth factor, which are important cytokines and receptors of the IL-6/signal transducer and activator 3 (STAT3) pathway and have key roles in inflammation and CCA initiation. We also found that enforced expression of let-7c, miR-99a or miR-125b could reduce the activity of STAT3 and further suppress CCA tumorigenicity in vivo and inhibit the migration and invasion of CCA cells in vitro. Surprisingly, let-7c/miR-99a/miR-125b cluster also significantly decreased the ability of CCA cells for cancer stem cell-like mammosphere generation by downregulating CD133 and CD44, which suggests the pivotal roles of let-7c, miR-99a and miR-125b in CCA by regulating both inflammation and stem-like properties. Our findings showed potential links between miRNAs and inflammation, and provide a potential treatment strategy for developing an miRNA-based therapy via IL-6/STAT3 targeting for CCA.
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Romano M, De Francesco F, Gringeri E, Giordano A, Ferraro GA, Di Domenico M, Cillo U. Tumor Microenvironment Versus Cancer Stem Cells in Cholangiocarcinoma: Synergistic Effects? J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:768-76. [PMID: 26357947 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCAs) may be defined as tumors that derived from the biliary tree with the differentiation in the biliary epithelial cells. This tumor is malignant, extremely aggressive with a poor prognosis. It can be treated surgically and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a very important factor in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Besides cancer stem cells (CSCs) can modulate tumor growth, stroma formation, and migratory capability. The initial stage of tumorigenesis is characterized by genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to intrinsic factors which lead to the generation of oncogenes thus inducing tumorigenesis. CSCs may result from precancerous stem cells, cell de-differentiation, normal stem cells, or an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CSCs have been found in the cancer niche, and EMT may occur early within the tumor microenvironment. Previous studies have demonstrated evidence of cholangiocarcinoma stem cells (CD133, CD24, EpCAM, CD44, and others) and the presence of these markers has been associated with malignant potential. The interaction between TME and cholangiocarcinoma stem cells via signaling mediators may create an environment that accommodates tumor growth, yielding resistance to cytotoxic insults (chemotherarapeutic). While progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms, the interactions in the tumorigenic process still remain a major challenge. Our review, addresses recent concepts of TME-CSCs interaction and will emphasize the importance of early detection with the use of novel diagnostic mechanisms such as CCA-CSC biomarkers and the importance of tumor stroma to define new treatments. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 768-776, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Romano
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco De Francesco
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giuseppe A Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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An Omics Perspective on Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutics of Cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:179528. [PMID: 26421274 PMCID: PMC4572471 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy arising from the epithelial bile duct. The lack of early diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic measures results in severe outcomes and poor prognosis. Thus, effective early diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers are required to improve the prognosis and prolong survival rates in CCA patients. Recent advancement in omics technologies combined with the integrative experimental and clinical validations has provided an insight into the underlying mechanism of CCA initiation and progression as well as clues towards novel biomarkers. This work highlights the discovery and validation of molecular markers in CCA identified through omics approaches. The possible roles of these molecules in various cellular pathways, which render CCA carcinogenesis and progression, will also be discussed. This paper can serve as a reference point for further investigations to yield deeper understanding in the complex feature of this disease, potentially leading to better approaches for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics.
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Bhat M, Hathcock M, Kremers WK, Darwish Murad S, Schmit G, Martenson J, Alberts S, Rosen CB, Gores GJ, Heimbach J. Portal vein encasement predicts neoadjuvant therapy response in liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma protocol. Transpl Int 2015; 28:1383-91. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Bhat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Matthew Hathcock
- Department of Health Sciences Research; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Walter K. Kremers
- Department of Health Sciences Research; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Grant Schmit
- Department of Radiology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - James Martenson
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | | | - Charles B. Rosen
- Division of Transplantation Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
| | - Julie Heimbach
- Division of Transplantation Surgery; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
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Zhao R, Chang Y, Liu Z, Liu Y, Guo S, Yu J, Wang J. Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression on lymph node metastasis in human cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1011-1015. [PMID: 26622616 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in human cholangiocarcinoma tissues and its role in metastasis in vitro. A total of 65 biopsy samples of cholangiocarcinoma, plus the FRH-0201 cell line, were investigated. The expression of VEGF-C in the human cholangiocarcinoma specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of VEGF-C on tumor cell migration and proliferation was measured by MTT and Transwell assays in the FRH-0201 cell line. According to the IHC results, the biopsies of human cholangiocarcinoma were stained positively for VEGF-C, with a positive rate of 75.4% (49/65). Moreover, VEGF-C was expressed at a higher level in the patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis. In vitro, VEGF-C exhibited marked growth stimulation below the concentration of 5 ng/ml and was able to promote cholangiocarcinoma cell migration significantly. These findings suggested that VEGF-C may be a useful factor to predict lymph node metastasis in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and indicates that VEGF-C plays a significant role in proliferation and migration in cholangiocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Oyasiji T, Zhang J, Kuvshinoff B, Iyer R, Hochwald SN. Molecular Targets in Biliary Carcinogenesis and Implications for Therapy. Oncologist 2015; 20:742-51. [PMID: 26025932 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) encompass a group of invasive carcinomas, including cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic, perihilar, or extrahepatic), and gallbladder carcinoma. Approximately 90% of patients present with advanced, unresectable disease and have a poor prognosis. The latest recommendation is to treat advanced or metastatic disease with gemcitabine and cisplatin, although chemotherapy has recorded modest survival benefits. Comprehension of the molecular basis of biliary carcinogenesis has resulted in experimental trials of targeted therapies in BTCs, with promising results. This review addresses the emerging role of targeted therapy in the treatment of BTCs. Findings from preclinical studies were reviewed and correlated with the outcomes of clinical trials that were undertaken to translate the laboratory discoveries. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Biliary tract cancers are rare. Approximately 90% of patients present with advanced, unresectable disease and have a poor prognosis. Median overall and progression-free survival are 12 and 8 months, respectively. Because chemotherapy has recorded modest survival benefits, targeted therapies are being explored for personalized treatment of these cancers. A comprehensive review of targeted therapies in biliary tract cancers was undertaken to present emerging evidence from laboratory and/or molecular studies as they translate to clinical trials and outcomes. The latest evidence on this topic is presented to clinicians and practitioners to guide decisions on treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolutope Oyasiji
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Boris Kuvshinoff
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Steven N Hochwald
- Departments of Surgical Oncology and Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines: S100A2 as a Potential Candidate Protein Inducer of Invasion. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:629367. [PMID: 25999659 PMCID: PMC4426780 DOI: 10.1155/2015/629367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a bile duct cancer, commonly found in Asia including Thailand and especially in the northeastern region of Thailand. To identify the proteins involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis of CCA, protein expression profiles of high-invasive KKU-M213 and low-invasive KKU-100 cell lines were compared using a comparative GeLC-MS/MS proteomics analysis. A total of 651 differentially expressed proteins were detected of which 27 protein candidates were identified as having functions involved in cell motility. A total of 22 proteins were significantly upregulated in KKU-M213, whereas 5 proteins were downregulated in KKU-M213. S100A2, a calcium-binding protein in S100 protein family, is upregulated in KKU-M213. S100A2 is implicated in metastasis development in several cancers. The protein expression level of S100A2 was verified by Western blot analysis. Intriguingly, high-invasive KKU-M213 cells showed higher expression of S100A2 than KKU-100 cells, consistent with proteomic data, suggesting that S100A2 may be a key protein involved in the progression of CCA. However, the biological function of S100A2 in cholangiocarcinoma remains to be elucidated. S100A2 might be a potential biomarker as well as a novel therapeutic target in CCA metastasis.
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TGF-β1 expression is associated with invasion and metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Biol Res 2015; 48:26. [PMID: 25993985 PMCID: PMC4513632 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is involved in many physiologic processes, it often promotes metastasis, and its high expression is correlated with poor prognosis. In the present study, we analyzed the correlation between transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression and prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. RESULTS We examined the expression of TGF-β1 in 78 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry and correlated the expression with clinicopathological parameters. TGF-β1 was expressed in 37 of 78 (47.4%) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and tumour recurrence. Patients with TGF-β1-positive tumours had significantly shorter survival time. In a multivariant analysis, the expression of TGF-β1 and the tumour stage were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that expression of TGF-β1 is a novel prognostic marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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50
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Chiang KC, Yeh CN, Lin KJ, Su LJ, Yen TC, Pang JHS, Kittaka A, Sun CC, Chen MF, Jan YY, Chen TC, Juang HH, Yeh TS. Chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin D on cholangiocarcinoma in a Chemical-Induced animal model. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3849-61. [PMID: 24939880 PMCID: PMC4116525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer. Vitamin D supplementation is getting popular due to its anti-tumor functions after conversion to its active form, 1α,25(OH)2D. Here, we show that dietary supplementation with 6 IU/g of vitamin D greatly suppressed ICC initiation and progression without apparent toxicity in a chemically induced rat model. Microarray analysis of rat ICC tissues showed vitamin D supplementation modulated the expressions of several unique genes, including lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Further, 53 of 80 human ICC specimens (66%) exhibited high LCN2 expression and LCN2 knockdown in SNU308 cells decreased cell growth and migration, suggesting LCN2 be an oncogene in human ICC. As human ICC SNU1079 cells were treated by 1α,25(OH)2D3, LCN2 expression and cell proliferation were attenuated. The downregulation of LCN2 expression was blunted when vitamin D receptor (VDR) was knocked down, implicating that the in vivo Lcn2 downregulation is a direct consequence of vitamin D supplementation Our results support the prevailing concept that vitamin D status is negatively associated with cancer incidence and mortality and suggest LCN2 may be a potential target against ICC. Further studies of application of vitamin D or its analogs against ICC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Chun Chiang
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tai C Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- General Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkoul, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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