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Restrepo-Acevedo A, Osorio N, Giraldo-López LE, D'Vries RF, Zacchino S, Abonia R, Le Lagadec R, Cuenú-Cabezas F. Synthesis and antifungal activity of nitrophenyl-pyrazole substituted Schiff bases. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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2
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Zargham H, Gabrielli S, Giordano CN, Higgins HW. Beyond Skin Tumors: A Systematic Review of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in the Treatment of Deep Cutaneous Fungal Infections. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:94-97. [PMID: 32932265 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep cutaneous fungal infections (DCFIs) can cause significant morbidity in immunocompromised patients and often fail medical and standard surgical treatments because of significant subclinical extension. Although rarely considered in this setting, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) offers the advantages of comprehensive margin control and tissue conservation, which may be beneficial in the treatment of DCFIs that have failed standard treatment options. OBJECTIVE To review the benefits, limitations, and practicality of MMS in patients with DCFIs. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted to identify all cases of fungal skin lesions treated with MMS. RESULTS Eight case reports were identified consisting of a total of 8 patients. A majority of patients had a predisposing comorbidity (75%), with the most common being a solid organ transplant (n = 3, 37.5%). The most commonly diagnosed fungal infection was phaeohyphomycosis (n = 5, 62.5%), followed by mucormycosis (n = 2, 25%). No recurrence or complication post-MMS was noted at a mean follow-up of 11.66 months. CONCLUSION Although not a first-line treatment, MMS can be considered as an effective treatment alternative for DCFIs in cases of treatment failure and can be particularly helpful in areas where tissue conservation is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Zargham
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sofianne Gabrielli
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cerrene N Giordano
- Penn Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harold William Higgins
- Penn Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abbas HS, Krishnan A, Kotakonda M. Antifungal and antiovarian cancer properties of α Fe 2O 3 and α Fe 2O 3/ZnO nanostructures synthesised by Spirulina platensis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:774-784. [PMID: 33399108 PMCID: PMC8676415 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2020.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection shows a growing burden on human health, and it has become challenging to search for treatment. Therefore, this work focused on the antifungal activity, and cytotoxic effect of biosynthesised nanostructures on human ovarian tetracarcinoma cells PA1 and their corresponding mechanism of cell death. Herein, the authors fabricated advanced biosynthesis of uncoated α-Fe2O3 and coated α-Fe2O3 nanostructures by using the carbohydrate of Spirulina platensis. The physicochemical features of nanostructures were characterised by UV-visible, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The antifungal activity of these nanostructures against C. albicans was studied by the broth dilution method, and examined by 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. However, their cytotoxic effects against PA1 cell lines were evaluated by MTT and comet assays. Results indicated characteristic rod-shaped nanostructures, and increasing the average size of α-Fe2O3@ZnO nanocomposite (105.2 nm × 29.1 nm) to five times as compared to α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (20.73nm × 5.25 nm). The surface coating of α-Fe2O3 by ZnO has increased its antifungal efficiency against C. albicans. Moreover, the MTT results revealed that α-Fe2O3@ZnO nanocomposite reduces PA1 cell proliferation due to DNA fragmentation (IC50 18.5 μg/ml). Continual advances of green nanotechnology and promising findings of this study are in favour of using the construction of rod-shaped nanostructures for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Salah Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Akilandeswari Krishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muddukrishnaiah Kotakonda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli-620024, Tamilnadu, India
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4
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Maheronnaghsh M, Fatahinia M, Dehghan P, Teimoori A. Identification of Candida Species and Antifungal Susceptibility in Cancer Patients with Oral Lesions in Ahvaz, Southern West of Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2020; 9:50. [PMID: 33457333 PMCID: PMC7792871 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_214_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral candidiasis is a common disease in cancer patients subject to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of rising oral candidiasis incidence and to identify the Candida species isolated from oral lesions of cancer patients and their antifungal sensitivity. Materials and Methods A total of 645 patients with cancer were examined. Several Candida species were isolated from specimens and identified by morphological and molecular methods. The susceptibility of isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and nystatin was also investigated. Results A total of 74 isolates of Candida were recovered from oral cavity of 61 cancer patients with oral candidiasis. The isolates included Candida albicans (n = 56; 75.5%), Candida glabrata (n = 4; 5.4%), Candida krusei (n = 5; 7%), Candida tropical (n = 7; 9.4%), and Candida kefyr (n = 2; 2.7%). A total (n = 72; 98.65%) of isolates were susceptible to nystatin, (n = 58; 78.4%) of them were susceptible to fluconazole, and (n = 8; 10.8%) of susceptible dose-dependent isolates were specified, (n = 46; 62.16%) of isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. Conclusion Finally, in addition to emphasis on topical nystatin application in the first stage of oral candidiasis in these patients, using alternative systemic drugs such as fluconazole and amphotericin B can be considered for the resistant candida isolates to nystatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Maheronnaghsh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Fatahinia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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Abstract
Fungal infections with increasing resistance to conventional therapies are a growing concern. Candida albicans is a major opportunistic yeast responsible for mucosal and invasive infections. Targeting the initial step of the infection process (i.e., C. albicans adhesion to the host cell) is a promising strategy. A wide variety of molecules can interfere with adhesion processes via an assortment of mechanisms. Herein, we focus on how small molecules disrupt biosynthesis of fungal cell wall components and membrane structure, prevent the localization of GPI-anchor proteins, inhibit production of enzymes involved in adhesion, downregulate genes encoding adhesins and competitively inhibit receptor interactions. As a result, adhesion of C. albicans to host cells is reduced, paving the way to new classes of antifungal agents.
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Jović Z, Janković SM, Ružić Zečević D, Milovanović D, Stefanović S, Folić M, Milovanović J, Kostić M. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Second-Generation Triazoles for the Treatment of Invasive Aspergillosis and Candidiasis. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:139-157. [PMID: 30284178 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Second-generation triazoles were developed in response to the quest for more efficacious and safer therapeutic options for the treatment of severe systemic aspergillosis and candidiasis. These agents include voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, and ravuconazole. The aim of this review was to present and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of second-generation triazoles for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis, emphasizing their clinical implications. The MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and SCIndeks databases were searched using advanced search options, including the names of second-generation triazoles and pharmacokinetic terms as keywords. The intravenous administration of voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole results in stable pharmacokinetics of these drugs, with mostly predictable variations influenced by common and usually known factors in routine clinical settings. The high oral bioavailability of isavuconazole and, to some extent, voriconazole makes them suitable for intravenous-to-oral switch strategies. Except for intravenous voriconazole (due to the accumulation of the toxic vehicle hydroxypropyl betadex), dose reduction of second-generation triazoles is not needed in patients with renal failure; patients with hepatic insufficiency require dose reduction only in advanced disease stages. The introduction of therapeutic drug monitoring could aid attempts to optimize the blood concentrations of triazoles and other drugs that are known to or that possibly interact, thus increasing treatment efficacy and safety. There is a need for new studies that are designed to provide useful data on second-generation triazole pharmacokinetics, particularly in special circumstances such as central nervous system and ocular infections, infections in newborns and infants, and in subjects with genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Jović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Slobodan M Janković
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street, 30, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia.
| | - Dejana Ružić Zečević
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street, 30, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Dragan Milovanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street, 30, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Srđan Stefanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street, 30, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Marko Folić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street, 30, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Milovanović
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street, 30, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street, 30, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
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Turecka K, Chylewska A, Kawiak A, Waleron KF. Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Action of the Co(III) Coordination Complexes With Diamine Chelate Ligands Against Reference and Clinical Strains of Candida spp. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1594. [PMID: 30072969 PMCID: PMC6058090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many antifungal agents are available in clinical treatment, increasing resistance of fungi, especially Candida species, to the available drugs requires the development of new safe and non-toxic compounds with novel modes of action as effective treatment against resistant microorganisms. Cobalt complexes are very interesting and attractive as potential candidates with antimicrobial activity. Their therapeutic uses as antiviral, antibacterial antifungal, antiparasitic, antitumour, transferrin transporters, and anti-inflammatory agents are being intensively investigated. In this study we examined the antifungal activity of Co(III) complexes with diamine chelate ligands against a broad spectrum of Candida species. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the microbroth dilution method and with serial passaging assay; the synergistic antimicrobial activity of the tested complexes combined with two antifungal drugs (ketoconazole and amphotericin B) was made by checkerboard assay. The effects of Co(III) complexes on yeast cell morphology were studied by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The mode of action of Co(III) complexes on the yeast cell wall (sorbitol assay) and cell membrane (ergosterol assay) were investigated. The cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds on red blood cells and the human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line were also evaluated. The analyzed compounds revealed significant antifungal activity for selected strains of Candida species; [CoCl2(dap)2]Cl (1) and [CoCl2(en)2]Cl (2) were more effective than ketoconazole. Its probable mechanism of action did not involve the cell wall or ergosterol binding. However, the checkerboard assay showed, that the antifungal activity of ketoconazole increased in combination with the tested complexes of Co(III). Our results suggest that both diamine complexes with Co(III) analogs caused damage to mitochondrial membrane or the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. The effect was observed by transmission electron microscope. Co(III) complexes with diamine chelate ligands are non-toxic at concentrations active against Candida species. This study provides new data on potential antifungal drugs, especially against Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Turecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof F Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Evaluation of Posaconazole Pharmacokinetics in Adult Patients with Invasive Fungal Infection. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040066. [PMID: 29156624 PMCID: PMC5744090 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity due to invasive fungal infections have increased over the years. Posaconazole is a second-generation triazole agent with an extended spectrum of activity, which shows a high interindividual variability in its plasma levels, rendering dosing in many patients inconsistent or inadequate. Hence, posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring, which is easily available in clinical practice, may improve treatment success and safety. The aim of the study was to describe posaconazole pharmacokinetics, and to evaluate the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring for therapy and prophylaxis in a cohort of adult patients. A fully validated chromatographic method was used to quantify posaconazole concentration in plasma collected from adult patients at the end of the dosing interval. Associations between variables were tested using the Pearson test. The Mann-Whitney test was used to probe the influence of categorical variables on continuous ones. A high inter-individual variability was shown. Of the 172 enrolled patients, among those receiving the drug by the oral route (N = 170), gender significantly influenced drug exposure: males showed greater posaconazole concentration than females (p = 0.028). This study highlights the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring in those with invasive fungal infections and its significant clinical implications; moreover we propose, for the first time, the possible influence of gender on posaconazole exposure.
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In Vivo Efficacy of Liposomal Amphotericin B against Wild-Type and Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates in Two Different Immunosuppression Models of Invasive Aspergillosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02479-16. [PMID: 28416540 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02479-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an immunocompetent murine model of invasive aspergillosis (IA), we previously reported that the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) (Ambisome) is not hampered by the presence of azole resistance mutations in Aspergillus fumigatus (S. Seyedmousavi, W. J. G. Melchers, J. W. Mouton, and P. E. Verweij, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57:1866-1871, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02226-12). We here investigated the role of immune suppression, i.e., neutropenia and steroid treatment, in L-AmB efficacy in mice infected with wild-type (WT) A. fumigatus and with azole-resistant A. fumigatus harboring a TR34/L98H mutation in the cyp-51A gene. Survival of treated animals at day 14 in both immunosuppressed models was significantly better than that of nontreated controls. A dose-response relationship was observed that was independent of the azole-resistant mechanism and the immunosuppression method used. In the neutropenic model, 100% survival was reached at an L-AmB dose of 16 mg/kg of body weight for the WT strain and the TR34/L98H isolate. In the steroid-treated group, 90.9% survival and 100% survival were achieved for the WT isolate and the TR34/L98H isolate with an L-AmB dose of 16 mg/kg, respectively. The 50% effective dose (ED50) was 1.40 mg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 3.00 mg/kg) for the WT isolate and 1.92 mg/kg (95% CI, 0.60 to 6.17 mg/kg) for the TR34/L98H isolate in the neutropenic model and was 2.40 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.93 to 2.97 mg/kg) for the WT isolate and 2.56 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.43 to 4.56 mg/kg) for the TR34/L98H isolate in the steroid-treated group. Overall, there were no significant differences between the two different immunosuppressed conditions in the efficacy of L-AmB against the wild-type and azole-resistant isolates (P > 0.9). However, the required L-AmB exposure was significantly higher than that seen in the immunocompetent model.
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Divse JM, Mhaske SB, Charolkar CR, Sant DG, Tupe SG, Deshpande MV, Khedkar VM, Nawale LU, Sarkar D, Pore VS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new fluconazole β-lactam conjugates linked via 1,2,3-triazole. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03117j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel fluconazole conjugates with potent antifungal activity are reported here. They were also found to be non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisingh M. Divse
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Santosh B. Mhaske
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | | | - Duhita G. Sant
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Santosh G. Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Mukund V. Deshpande
- Biochemical Sciences Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- School of Health Sciences
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| | - Laxman U. Nawale
- Combichem-Bioresource Center
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combichem-Bioresource Center
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Vandana S. Pore
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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Victoria Castelli M, Gabriel Derita M, Noelí López S. Novel antifungal agents: a patent review (2013 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:415-426. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1261113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Castelli
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcos Gabriel Derita
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Cátedra de Cultivos Intensivos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvia Noelí López
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Maheronnaghsh M, Tolouei S, Dehghan P, Chadeganipour M, Yazdi M. Identification of Candida species in patients with oral lesion undergoing chemotherapy along with minimum inhibitory concentration to fluconazole. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:132. [PMID: 27656601 PMCID: PMC5025917 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.187394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various species of Candida, especially Candida albicans was known as the most important etiological agent of fungal infections. Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify Candida species from oral lesions of these patients and antifungal susceptibility of the clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: Among 385 patients with cancer, 55 (14.3%) showed oral lesions. Oral swabs were performed to identify the yeasts using direct smear and CHROMagar medium. Micro dilution method was prepared in different concentrations of fluconazole and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of each species were compared. Results: Oral candidiasis confirmed in 36 cases by direct examination and culture. C. albicans and non-albicans represented in 26 (72.2%) and 10 (27.8%) of the isolates, respectively. 76.5% of C. albicans and 23.5% non-albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Data were shown that 62% and 30.7% of resistant strains of C. albicans were found in patient with gastrointestinal cancer and lymphoma respectively. Conclusion: Data were shown that C. albicans is the most commonly identified species in oral candidiasis and majority of fluconazole resistant C. albicans were found in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and lymphoma. Therefore, we recommend an alternative drug instead of fluconazole as a first line of treatment for these type of cancers and administration of fluconazole in patients undergoing chemotherapy should be prescribed in accordance with the type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Maheronnaghsh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tolouei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Chadeganipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Yazdi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Canli K, Akata I, Altuner EM. IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING OF XYLARIA HYPOXYLON. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 13:42-46. [PMID: 28852719 PMCID: PMC5566152 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungi have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff. Because of containing several therapeutic agents, they are reported to be used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The aim of this study is to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Xylaria hypoxylon, which were collected from Yomra, Trabzon, Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS X. hypoxylon samples were air dried and extracted by using ethanol. Antimicrobial activity of X. hypoxylon ethanol extracts were investigated against 21 bacterial and 2 fungal strains, namely, Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida albicans DSMZ 1386, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli CFAI, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria innocula, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 50071, Pseudomonas fluorescence P1, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13075, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium SL 1344, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus carnosus MC1.B, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044 and Streptococcus agalactiae DSMZ 6784 by using the disk diffusion method. RESULTS It is observed that ethanol extracts of X. hypoxylon has antimicrobial activity against several Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms tested. As a result of the study, an antimicrobial activity of X. hypoxylon found against most of strains used in the study. CONCLUSION The results of our study clearly puts forward that X. hypoxylon could have a possible medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Canli
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Buca, İzmir, TURKEY
| | - Ilgaz Akata
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TR 06100, Ankara, TURKEY
| | - Ergin Murat Altuner
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, TR 37150, Kastamonu, TURKEY
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14
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Investigation of antifungal and anti-mycelium activities using biogenic nanoparticles: An eco-friendly approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Fateh R, Zaini F, Kordbacheh P, Falahati M, Rezaie S, Daie Ghazvini R, Borhani N, Safara M, Fattahi A, Kanani A, Farahyar S, Bolhassani M, Heidari M. Identification and Sequencing of Candida krusei Aconitate Hydratase Gene Using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends Method and Phylogenetic Analysis. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e25218. [PMID: 26855741 PMCID: PMC4736022 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.25218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The production and development of an effective fungicidal drug requires the identification of an essential fungal protein as a drug target. Aconitase (ACO) is a mitochondrial protein that plays a vital role in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and thus production of energy within the cell. Objectives: The current study aimed to sequence Candida krusei ACO gene and determine any amino acid residue differences between human and fungal aconitases to obtain selective inhibition. Materials and Methods: Candida krusei (ATCC: 6258) aconitase gene was determined by 5’Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) method and degenerate Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and analyzed using bioinformatics softwares. Results: One thousand-four hundred-nineteen nucleotide of C. krusei aconitase gene were clarified and submitted in Genbank as a partial sequence and then taxonomic location of C. krusei was determined by nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this gene. The comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Candida species ACO genes showed that C. krusei possessed characteristic sequences. No significant differences were observed between C. krusei and human aconitases within the active site amino acid residues. Conclusions: Results of the current study indicated that aconitase was not a suitable target to design new anti-fungal drugs that selectively block this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Fateh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farideh Zaini
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding authors: Farideh Zaini, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2142933141, Fax: +98-2188951392, E-mail:
| | - Parivash Kordbacheh
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehraban Falahati
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sasan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Roshanak Daie Ghazvini
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nahid Borhani
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahin Safara
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Kanani
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shirin Farahyar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Manzar Bolhassani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Experimental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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16
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Xu K, Huang L, Xu Z, Wang Y, Bai G, Wu Q, Wang X, Yu S, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis, and antifungal activities of novel triazole derivatives containing the benzyl group. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1459-67. [PMID: 25792806 PMCID: PMC4362653 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s74989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies undertaken by our group, a series of 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-substituted-2-propanols (1a–r), which were analogs of fluconazole, was designed and synthesized by click chemistry. In the study reported here, the in vitro antifungal activities of all the target compounds were evaluated against eight human pathogenic fungi. Compounds 1a, 1q, and 1r showed the more antifungal activity than the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Number 422 Hospital of PLA, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojing Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel azole-bonded β-hydroxypropyl oxime O-ethers. Mol Divers 2014; 18:797-808. [PMID: 25081563 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological effects of 15 novel azole-bonded β-hydroxypropyl oxime O-ethers have been described. In this synthesis, the oximation of aromatic ketones followed by an O-alkylation reaction with epichlorohydrin and/or epibromohydrin led to the corresponding O-oxime ether adducts. Subsequently, the attained O-oxime ether adducts were used to synthesize the target molecules after treating them with the appropriate azole derivatives. The in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of title compounds were obtained against several pathogenic fungi, Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria. Benzophenone O-2-hydroxy-3-(2-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-1-yl) propyl oxime and 9H-fluoren-9-one O-2-hydroxy-3-(2-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl oxime proved to have considerable antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum. These two compounds demonstrated comparable antifungal activity to clotrimazole and fluconazole (standard drugs). All compounds were also tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, and their activities were compared to gentamycin and ampicillin (reference drugs). In general, marginal antibacterial activity against tested bacteria was observed for the title compounds. A molecular docking study is also discussed for the two most potent compounds against fungi. The docking study reveals a considerable interaction between the two most potent compounds and the active site of Mycobacterium P450DM. Moreover, these two compounds are much strongly bound to the active site of Mycobacterium P450DM compared to fluconazole.
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18
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Yu S, Chai X, Wang Y, Cao Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Yan T, Sun Q. Triazole derivatives with improved in vitro antifungal activity over azole drugs. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:383-90. [PMID: 24748772 PMCID: PMC3986111 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s58680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of triazole antifungal agents with piperidine side chains was designed and synthesized. The results of antifungal tests against eight human pathogenic fungi in vitro showed that all the compounds exhibited moderate-to-excellent activities. Molecular docking between 8d and the active site of Candida albicans CYP51 was provided based on the computational docking results. The triazole interacts with the iron of the heme group. The difluorophenyl group is located in the S3 subsite and its fluorine atom (2-F) can form H-bonds with Gly307. The side chain is oriented into the S4 subsite and formed hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions with the amino residues. Moreover, the phenyl group in the side chain interacts with the phenol group of Phe380 through the formation of π–π face-to-edge interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichong Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbing Cao
- Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Overseas Education Faculty of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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19
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Castelli MV, Butassi E, Monteiro MC, Svetaz LA, Vicente F, Zacchino SA. Novel antifungal agents: a patent review (2011 – present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:323-38. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.876993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Spampinato C, Leonardi D. Candida infections, causes, targets, and resistance mechanisms: traditional and alternative antifungal agents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:204237. [PMID: 23878798 PMCID: PMC3708393 DOI: 10.1155/2013/204237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus Candida includes about 200 different species, but only a few species are human opportunistic pathogens and cause infections when the host becomes debilitated or immunocompromised. Candida infections can be superficial or invasive. Superficial infections often affect the skin or mucous membranes and can be treated successfully with topical antifungal drugs. However, invasive fungal infections are often life-threatening, probably due to inefficient diagnostic methods and inappropriate initial antifungal therapies. Here, we briefly review our current knowledge of pathogenic species of the genus Candida and yeast infection causes and then focus on current antifungal drugs and resistance mechanisms. An overview of new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of Candida infections is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Spampinato
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI, UNR-CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Darío Leonardi
- Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, UNR-CONICET), Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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21
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Sortino M, Postigo A, Zacchino S. Effects of chirality on the antifungal potency of methylated succinimides obtained by Aspergillus fumigatus biotransformations. comparison with racemic ones. Molecules 2013; 18:5669-83. [PMID: 23676473 PMCID: PMC6269991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen (3R) and (3R,4R)-N-phenyl-, N-phenylalkyl and N-arylsuccinimides were prepared with high enantioselectivity by biotransformation of maleimides with A. fumigatus. This environmentally friendly, clean and economical procedure was performed by the whole-cell fungal bioconversion methodology. Their corresponding eighteen racemic succinimides were prepared instead by synthetic methods. Both, the racemic and the chiral succinimides were tested simultaneously by the microbroth dilution method of CLSI against a panel of human opportunistic pathogenic fungi of clinical importance. Chiral succinimides showed higher antifungal activity than the corresponding racemic ones and the differences in activity were established by statistical methods. The bottlenecks for developing chiral drugs are how to obtain them through a low-cost procedure and with high enantiomeric excess. Results presented here accomplish both these objectives, opening an avenue for the development of asymmetric succinimides as new antifungal drugs for pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Sortino
- Pharmacognosy Area, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000-Rosario, Argentina.
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22
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Abstract
The incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has seen a marked increase in the last two decades. This is especially evident among transplant recipients, patients suffering from AIDS, in addition to those in receipt of immunosuppressive therapy. Worryingly, this increased incidence includes infections caused by opportunistic fungi and emerging fungal infections which are resistant to or certainly less susceptible than others to standard antifungal agents. As a direct response to this phenomenon, there has been a resolute effort over the past several decades to improve early and accurate diagnosis and provide reliable screening protocols thereby promoting the administration of appropriate antifungal therapy for fungal infections. Early diagnosis and treatment with antifungal therapy are vital if a patient is to survive an IFI. Substantial advancements have been made with regard to both the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of an IFI. In parallel, stark changes in the epidemiological profile of these IFIs have similarly occurred, often in direct response the type of antifungal agent being administered. The effects of an IFI can be far reaching, ranging from increased morbidity and mortality to increased length hospital stays and economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Tuite
- Molecular Diagnostics Research Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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23
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Saeed A, Zaib S, Pervez A, Mumtaz A, Shahid M, Iqbal J. Synthesis, molecular docking studies, and in vitro screening of sulfanilamide-thiourea hybrids as antimicrobial and urease inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Synthesis and antifungal activity of diverse C-2 pyridinyl and pyridinylvinyl substituted quinolines. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6506-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Vengurlekar S, Sharma R, Trivedi P. Efficacy of some natural compounds as antifungal agents. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 6:91-9. [PMID: 23055634 PMCID: PMC3459460 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.99942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural sources have been important for the development of new active molecules for many years. Various small molecules with unique chemical skeleton and potent bioactivities were discovered through various sources like plants, marine products, and microorganisms, etc., which are considered as very important part of the nature. A number of potent antifungals have been originated from various natural sources. This account describes structure and activities of selected agents isolated from various natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Vengurlekar
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshshila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, India
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26
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Olivella M, Marchal A, Nogueras M, Sánchez A, Melguizo M, Raimondi M, Zacchino S, Giannini F, Cobo J, Enriz RD. Structure–activity relationship study of nitrosopyrimidines acting as antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6109-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Khan MA, Aljarbou A, Khan A, Owais M. Immune stimulating and therapeutic potential of tuftsin-incorporated nystatin liposomes against Cryptococcus neoformans in leukopenic BALB/C mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 66:88-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.00992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Aljarbou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy; Qassim University; Buraidah; Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh; India
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28
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Antifungal activity of eugenol analogues. Influence of different substituents and studies on mechanism of action. Molecules 2012; 17:1002-24. [PMID: 22262200 PMCID: PMC6268595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty one phenylpropanoids (including eugenol and safrole) and synthetic analogues, thirteen of them new compounds, were evaluated for antifungal properties, first with non-targeted assays against a panel of human opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Some structure-activity relationships could be observed, mainly related to the influence of an allyl substituent at C-4, an OH group at C-1 and an OCH3 at C-2 or the presence of one or two NO2 groups in different positions of the benzene ring. All active compounds were tested in a second panel of clinical isolates of C. albicans and non-albicans Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. The eugenol derivative 4-allyl-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol (2) was the most active structure against all strains tested, and therefore it was submitted to targeted assays. These studies showed that the antifungal activity of 2 was not reversed in the presence of an osmotic support such as sorbitol, suggesting that it does not act by inhibiting the fungal cell wall synthesis or assembly. On the other hand, the Ergosterol Assay showed that 2 did not bind to the main sterol of the fungal membrane up to 250 µg mL−1. In contrast, a 22% of fungal membrane damage was observed at concentrations = 1 × MIC and 71% at 4× MIC, when 2 was tested in the Cellular Leakage assay. The comparison of log P and MICs for all compounds revealed that the antifungal activity of the eugenol analogues would not to be related to lipophilicity.
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Lima B, López S, Luna L, Agüero MB, Aragón L, Tapia A, Zacchino S, López ML, Zygadlo J, Feresin GE. Essential oils of medicinal plants from the central andes of Argentina: chemical composition, and antifungal, antibacterial, and insect-repellent activities. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:924-36. [PMID: 21560241 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal, antibacterial, and insect-repellent activities of the essential oils (EOs) of Acantholippia seriphioides, Artemisia mendozana, Gymnophyton polycephalum, Satureja parvifolia, Tagetes mendocina, and Lippia integrifolia, collected in the Central Andes area, province of San Juan, Argentina, were investigated. The dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum were inhibited by the EOs of G. polycephalum, L. integrifolia, and S. parvifolia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 31.2 and 1000 μg/ml. Moreover, all EOs presented moderate activity against the bacteria tested, and the L. integrifolia and G. polycephalum EOs showed excellent repellent properties against Triatoma infestans, the Chagas disease vector, with repellency values between 60 and 100%. The A. seriphioides, G. polycephalum, and L. integrifolia EOs, obtained by hydrodistillation, were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. The highest number of components (40) was identified in L. integrifolia EO, which, along with that of A. seriphioides, contained important amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes (44.35 and 29.72%, resp.). Thymol (27.61%) and carvacrol (13.24%) were the main components of A. seriphioides EO, and borneol, lippifoli-1(6)-en-5-one, and terpinen-4-ol (>8.5%) were the principal compounds of L. integrifolia EO. These results support the idea that oxygenated monoterpenes are the bioactive fractions of the EOs. Finally, the study shows that these Andean species might be used to treat superficial fungal infections and to improve the local Chagas disease situation by vector-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lima
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan, Argentina
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Singh J, Verma PK, Tiwari K, Singh SB. Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Derivative Containing Aryl Phenyl Ether as Potential Antifungal Agent. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Garibotto FM, Garro AD, Rodríguez AM, Raimondi M, Zacchino SA, Perczel A, Somlai C, Penke B, Enriz RD. Penetratin analogues acting as antifungal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:370-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Petrlíková E, Waisser K, Buchta V, Jílek P, Vejsová M. N-Benzylsalicylthioamides as novel compounds with promising antimycotic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4535-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Chen DC, Wu TH, Chen SC, Teo BT, Yen PS. Isolated Intraventricular Aspergillosis in a Schizophrenic Patient. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 21:1291-4. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3181e43245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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34
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Insuasty B, Gutiérrez A, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Nogueras M, Cobo J, Svetaz L, Raimondi M, Zacchino S. Fungicide activity of 5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-(Z)-2-dimethylamino-1,3-thiazol-4-one against Cryptococcus neoformans. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2010; 343:48-53. [PMID: 19927310 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis and antifungal evaluation of new 5-arylidene-(Z)-2-dimethylamino-1,3-thiazol-4-ones 4a-f, obtained by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes 1 and rhodanine 2 followed by treatment with DMF. All compounds were tested against a panel of yeasts, hialohyphomycetes, and dermatophytes using the microbroth dilution method. Compounds 4a and 4c showed antifungal activity, with compound 4a being the most active one. Compound 4a demonstrated to be fungicidal rather than fungistatic and selective activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. MIC(100), MIC(80), and MIC(50) of 4a were determined against a panel of clinical isolates of C. neoformans showing ranges of MICs between 2 and 16 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Insuasty
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia.
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Zhai B, Zhou H, Yang L, Zhang J, Jung K, Giam CZ, Xiang X, Lin X. Polymyxin B, in combination with fluconazole, exerts a potent fungicidal effect. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:931-8. [PMID: 20167587 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify existing clinical compounds that either possess a fungicidal activity alone or can act synergistically with fungistatic antifungals. METHODS We screened a clinical compound library for drugs that exhibited anti-Aspergillus activity. Among selected compounds, the cationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin B was chosen for further characterization because it can be used parenterally and topically. The fungicidal effect of polymyxin B and its synergistic interactions with azole antifungals were tested against a variety of fungal species. The toxicity of the drug combination of polymyxin B and fluconazole was compared with that of each drug alone in mammalian cell cultures. RESULTS We found that polymyxin B possesses a broad-spectrum antifungal activity at relatively high concentrations. However, because of its synergistic interactions with azole antifungals, polymyxin B at much lower concentrations exerts a potent fungicidal effect against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species and moulds when combined with azoles. The combination of polymyxin B and fluconazole at concentrations within susceptible breakpoints is particularly potent against C. neoformans isolates, including fluconazole-resistant strains. The drug combination displayed no additional toxicity compared with polymyxin B alone when tested in cell culture. CONCLUSIONS The combination of polymyxin B and fluconazole has the potential to be used in the clinic to treat systemic cryptococcosis. Our findings suggest that combining cationic peptide antibiotics with azole antifungals could provide a new direction for developing novel antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhai
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Gerpe A, Boiani L, Hernández P, Sortino M, Zacchino S, González M, Cerecetto H. Naftifine-analogues as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2154-64. [PMID: 20163894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease represents a relevant health problem in Central and South America. The first line of treatment is Nifurtimox and Benznidazole which have a great deal of disadvantages that demands the rapid generation of therapeutic alternatives. Based in our research on aza-thiaheterocycles as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents we identified pharmacophores that act through oxidative stress. Here, we describe the synthesis and the activity of new containing bioactive-heterocycles analogues of naftifine as potential T. cruzi membrane sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Benzimidazole 1,3-dioxides (11 and 13) and quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides (22 and 23) displayed excellent parasite/mammal selectivity indexes. Analysis of the free sterols from parasite incubated with the compounds showed that any of them are able to accumulate squalene suggesting that in the anti-T. cruzi mechanism of action is not involved the inhibition of sterol biosynthesis. Some derivatives were also tested as antifungal agents. The results obtained in the present work open potential therapeutic possibilities of new compounds for these infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gerpe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Lee J, Hong HJ, Kim JK, Hwang JS, Kim Y, Lee DG. A novel antifungal analog peptide derived from protaetiamycine. Mol Cells 2009; 28:473-7. [PMID: 19855931 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the 9-mer analog peptides, 9Pbw2 and 9Pbw4, were designed based on a defensin-like peptide, protaetiamycine isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis. In this study, antifungal effects of the analog peptides were investigated. The antifungal susceptibility testing exhibited that 9Pbw4 contained more potent antifungal activities than 9Pbw2. A PI influx assay confirmed the effects of the analog peptides and demonstrated that the peptides exerted their activity by a membrane-active mechanism, in an energy-independent manner. As the noteworthy potency of 9Pbw4, the mechanism(s) of 9Pbw4 were further investigated. The membrane studies, using rhodamine-labeled giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran loaded liposome, suggested that the membrane-active mechanism of 9Pbw4 could have originated from the poreforming action and the radii of pores was presumed to be anywhere from 1.8 nm to 3.3 nm. These results were confirmed by 3D-flow cytometric contour-plot analysis. The present study suggests a potential of 9Pbw4 as a novel antifungal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneyoung Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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38
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Kamilla L, Mansor SM, Ramanathan S, Sasidharan S. Effects of Clitoria ternatea leaf extract on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2009; 15:366-372. [PMID: 19575837 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927609090783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea is known for its antimicrobial activity but the antifungal effects of leaf extract on growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger have not been observed. The extract showed a favorable antifungal activity against A. niger with a minimum inhibition concentration 0.8 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration 1.6 mg/mL, respectively. The leaf extract exhibited considerable antifungal activity against filamentous fungi in a dose-dependent manner with 0.4 mg/mL IC50 value on hyphal growth of A. niger. The main changes observed under scanning electron microscopy after C. ternatea extract treatment were loss of cytoplasm in fungal hyphae and the hyphal wall and its diameter became markedly thinner, distorted, and resulted in cell wall disruption. In addition, conidiophore alterations were also observed when A. niger was treated with C. ternatea leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kamilla
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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39
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Yamskov IA, Kuskov AN, Babievsky KK, Berezin BB, Krayukhina MA, Samoylova NA, Tikhonov VE, Shtilman MI. Novel liposomal forms of antifungal antibiotics modified by amphiphilic polymers. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683808060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Escalante A, Gattuso M, Pérez P, Zacchino S. Evidence for the mechanism of action of the antifungal phytolaccoside B isolated from Phytolacca tetramera Hauman. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1720-1725. [PMID: 18816139 DOI: 10.1021/np070660i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytolaccoside B (1), an antifungal monodesmoside triterpenoid glycoside isolated from berries of Phytolacca tetramera Hauman (Phytolaccaceae), alters the morphology of yeasts and molds. The malformations were similar to those produced by enfumafungin, a known inhibitor of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, one of the major polymers of the fungal cell wall. However, enzymatic assays revealed that 1 did not inhibit (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan synthase, but it did produce a notable enhancement of the chitin synthase 1 activity and, concomitantly, a rise in chitin, another important polymer of the fungal cell walls. This finding was corroborated by fluorescence microscopy and also by quantification of the chitin. In addition, a 2-fold increase in the thickness of the fungal cell wall was observed with transmission electronic microscopy. On the other hand, 1 neither bound to ergosterol nor caused hemolysis of red blood cells, although some fungal membrane damage was observed at the MIC of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Escalante
- Area Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
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41
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Pacciaroni ADV, Gette MDLA, Derita M, Ariza-Espinar L, Gil RR, Zacchino SA, Silva GL. Antifungal activity of Heterothalamus alienus metabolites. Phytother Res 2008; 22:524-8. [PMID: 18386258 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The chemical study of Heterothalamus alienus gave rutin, spathulenol (1), (1R,7S)-germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1beta-ol (2), sakuranetin (3), padmatin 3-acetate (4), (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin-7,3',4'-trimethyl ether (5), (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin-7,4'-dimethyl ether (6), (2R,3R)-3-acetoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (7), as the main components of an antifungal extract of the aerial parts of the plant. Compound 2 showed moderate activity, with Epidermophyton floccosum being the most susceptible species (MIC = 100 microg/mL); compound 3 showed the best antifungal behavior having a broad spectrum of action and the lowest MICs. This flavanone along with flavanolol 5 showed very good activity against standardized (MIC = 31.2 microg/mL) as well as clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes (MIC ranges 31.2-62.5 microg/mL and 31.2-125 microg/mL, respectively) and demonstrated not only fungistatic but also fungicide properties. Flavanolol 6 was active against all the dermatophytes tested with MICs of 62.5-250 microg/mL. Rutin, spathulenol (1) and the 3-acetylated flavanones 4 and 7 were inactive or marginally active against the fungal panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana del V Pacciaroni
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina, IMBIV-CONICET
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42
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Meléndez Gómez CM, Kouznetsov VV, Sortino MA, Alvarez SL, Zacchino SA. In vitro antifungal activity of polyfunctionalized 2-(hetero)arylquinolines prepared through imino Diels-Alder reactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7908-20. [PMID: 18752959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diverse polyfunctionalized quinolines, easily prepared using Lewis acid-catalyzed imino Diels-Alder reactions between corresponding aldimines, were tested for antifungal properties against standardized as well as clinical isolates of clinically important fungi. Among them, 4-pyridyl derivatives displayed the best activities mainly against dermatophytes. The activity appears not to be related neither to the lipophilicity nor to the basicity of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Meléndez Gómez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Emami S, Foroumadi A, Falahati M, Lotfali E, Rajabalian S, Ebrahimi SA, Farahyar S, Shafiee A. 2-Hydroxyphenacyl azoles and related azolium derivatives as antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Kouznetsov VV, Vargas Méndez LY, Sortino M, Vásquez Y, Gupta MP, Freile M, Enriz RD, Zacchino SA. Antifungal and cytotoxic activities of some N-substituted aniline derivatives bearing a hetaryl fragment. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:794-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vaughn JM, Wiederhold NP, McConville JT, Coalson JJ, Talbert RL, Burgess DS, Johnston KP, Williams RO, Peters JI. Murine airway histology and intracellular uptake of inhaled amorphous itraconazole. Int J Pharm 2007; 338:219-24. [PMID: 17368772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aerosolization of amorphous itraconazole may be a safe and effective method of pulmonary delivery. Our objective was to evaluate the histologic effects, immunogenic potential, and cellular uptake of aerosolized amorphous itraconazole. Mice received amorphous itraconazole (30mg/kg), excipient placebo, or saline control by nebulization every 12h for up to 12 days. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and formalin fixation of both lungs were conducted. BAL supernatant was assayed for IL-12 by ELISA, and cellular components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Coronal sections of the entire lung were stained, viewed by light microscopy, and the Cimolai histopathologic inflammatory score was obtained for each lobe. No evidence of bronchiolar, peribronchiolar or perivascular inflammation was found in any treatment group, nor were epithelial ulceration or repair observed. The Cimolai histopathologic scores for amorphous itraconazole, excipient, and saline control on days 3 and 8 did not differ between groups. ELISA analysis showed no cytokine induction of IL-12. Itraconazole was detected within cells collected from BAL fluid on days 1, 3, 8 and 12. Aerosolized administration of amorphous itraconazole or excipients does not cause inflammation or changes in pulmonary histology and are not associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Vaughn
- University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, 1 University Station, A1900, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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46
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Babu KS, Li XC, Jacob MR, Zhang Q, Khan SI, Ferreira D, Clark AM. Synthesis, antifungal activity, and structure-activity relationships of coruscanone A analogues. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7877-86. [PMID: 17181171 PMCID: PMC2530892 DOI: 10.1021/jm061123i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coruscanone A, a plant-derived cyclopentenedione derivative, showed potent in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans comparable to amphotericin B and fluconazole. A series of analogues have been synthesized by modification of the cyclopentenedione ring, the enolic methoxy functionality, and the side chain styryl moiety of this natural product lead. A structurally close 1,4-benzoquinone analogue was also prepared. All the compounds were examined for their in vitro activity against major opportunistic fungal pathogens including C. albicans, C. neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, with several analogues demonstrating potent antifungal activity. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate that the 2-methoxymethylenecyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione structural moiety is the pharmacophore responsible for the antifungal activity of this class of compounds while the side chain styryl-like moiety plays an important complementary role, presumably contributing to target binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: 662-915-6742. Fax: 662-915-7989. E-mail:
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Safaya A, Batra K, Capoor M. A Case of Skull Base Mucormycosis with Osteomyelitis Secondary to Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/014556130608501213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an unusual case in which a 35-year-old man presented with skull base mucormycosis with osteomyelitis secondary to squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone. We also review the literature on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of mucormycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Safaya
- Department of ENT, Safdarjung Hospital. New Delhi
| | | | - Malini Capoor
- Department of Microbiology, Safdarjung Hospital. New Delhi
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Saad AH, DePestel DD, Carver PL. Factors Influencing the Magnitude and Clinical Significance of Drug Interactions Between Azole Antifungals and Select Immunosuppressants. Pharmacotherapy 2006; 26:1730-44. [PMID: 17125435 DOI: 10.1592/phco.26.12.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of drug interactions between azole antifungals and immunosuppressants is drug and patient specific and depends on the potency of the azole inhibitor involved, the resulting plasma concentrations of each drug, the drug formulation, and interpatient variability. Many factors contribute to variability in the magnitude and clinical significance of drug interactions between an immunosuppressant such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or sirolimus and an antifungal agent such as ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole. By bringing similarities and differences among these agents and their potential interactions to clinicians' attention, they can appreciate and apply these findings in a individualized patient approach rather than follow only the one-size-fits-all dosing recommendations suggested in many tertiary references. Differences in metabolism and in the inhibitory potency of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein influence the onset, magnitude, and resolution of drug interactions and their potential effect on clinical outcomes. Important issues are the route of administration and the decision to preemptively adjust dosages versus intensive monitoring with subsequent dosage adjustments. We provide recommendations for the concomitant use of these agents, including suggestions regarding contraindicated combinations, those best avoided, and those requiring close monitoring of drug dosages and plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline H Saad
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
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Masman MF, Rodríguez AM, Svetaz L, Zacchino SA, Somlai C, Csizmadia IG, Penke B, Enriz RD. Synthesis and conformational analysis of His-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 and analogues with antifungal properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7604-14. [PMID: 16926096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and conformational study of His-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 and related derivatives acting as antifungal agents are reported. Among them, His-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 and His-Tyr-Arg-Trp-NH2 exhibited antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antifungal activity of these compounds appears to be closely related to the alpha-MSH effect. A conformational and electronic study allows us to propose a biologically relevant conformation for these tetrapeptides acting as antifungal agents. In addition, these theoretical calculations permit us to determine the minimal structural requirements to produce the antifungal response and may provide a guide for the design of compounds with this biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F Masman
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 915, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Fuchs H, von Baum H, Meth M, Wellinghausen N, Lindner W, Hummler H. CNS-manifestation of aspergillosis in an extremely low-birth-weight infant. Eur J Pediatr 2006; 165:476-80. [PMID: 16602007 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Invasive aspergillosis is a rare condition in term and preterm infants. We present here the fatal case of a 28-week gestational age preterm baby who developed pulmonary, hepatic and central nervous system aspergillosis during the first days of life. A hyperechogenic lesion adjacent to the lateral ventricle was diagnosed by ultrasound and initially considered to represent periventricular leukomalacia. Within several days the lesion increased in size and was then falsely considered to be an intraventricular haemorrhage. Aspergillus fumigatus was ultimately isolated in the tracheal aspirates, ascites and in material recovered by open brain biopsy. Despite treatment with conventional and liposomal amphotericin B the infant patient died. CONCLUSION Invasive aspergillosis has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of an unusual hyperechogenic brain lesion in very low-birth-weight infants with persistent symptoms and signs of systemic infection despite broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. Consideration of this diagnosis should result in an aggressive diagnostic work-up to allow early initiation of an appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Fuchs
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
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