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Challal S, Skiba A, Langlois M, Esguerra CV, Wolfender JL, Crawford AD, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Natural product-derived therapies for treating drug-resistant epilepsies: From ethnopharmacology to evidence-based medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116740. [PMID: 37315641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological human diseases, affecting 1% of the population in all age groups. Despite the availability of over 25 anti-seizure medications (ASMs), which are approved in most industrialized countries, approximately 30% of epilepsy patients still experience seizures that are resistant to these drugs. Since ASMs target only limited number of neurochemical mechanisms, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is not only an unmet medical need, but also a formidable challenge in drug discovery. AIM In this review, we examine recently approved epilepsy drugs based on natural product (NP) such as cannabidiol (CBD) and rapamycin, as well as NP-based epilepsy drug candidates still in clinical development, such as huperzine A. We also critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of botanical drugs as polytherapy or adjunct therapy specifically for DRE. METHODS Articles related to ethnopharmacological anti-epileptic medicines and NPs in treating all forms of epilepsy were collected from PubMed and Scopus using keywords related to epilepsy, DRE, herbal medicines, and NPs. The database clinicaltrials.gov was used to find ongoing, terminated and planned clinical trials using herbal medicines or NPs in epilepsy treatment. RESULTS A comprehensive review on anti-epileptic herbal drugs and natural products from the ethnomedical literature is provided. We discuss the ethnomedical context of recently approved drugs and drug candidates derived from NPs, including CBD, rapamycin, and huperzine A. Recently published studies on natural products with preclinical efficacy in animal models of DRE are summarized. Moreover, we highlight that natural products capable of pharmacologically activating the vagus nerve (VN), such as CBD, may be therapeutically useful to treat DRE. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights that herbal drugs utilized in traditional medicine offer a valuable source of potential anti-epileptic drug candidates with novel mechanisms of action, and with clinical promise for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Moreover, recently developed NP-based anti-seizure medications (ASMs) indicate the translational potential of metabolites of plant, microbial, fungal and animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soura Challal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mélanie Langlois
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway; Institute for Orphan Drug Discovery, Bremerhavener Innovations- und Gründerzentum (BRIG), Bremerhaven, Germany
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Salile SS, Lee HJ, Alberts PSF, Abula T, Raimondo JV, Stafford GI. In vitro and in vivo anti-seizure activity of hydromethanolic extract and fractions of Pterolobium stellatum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116073. [PMID: 36543277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Ethiopia, the whole plant juice of Pterolobium stellatum is used to treat seizures and epilepsy. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antiseizure activity of hydromethanolic crude extract and fractions collected from leaves of P. stellatum using both in vitro, and in vivo seizure models in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh leaves of P. stellatum were collected from Awash Melka, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An 80% crude methanol extract was further fractionated to produce petroleum ether, chloroform, butanol, and aqueous fractions. Anti-seizure activity of the crude extract and fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, butanol, and water) were assessed at a concentration of 0.7 mg/ml using the in vitro 0 Mg2+ model of seizures in mouse brain slices prepared from 14- to 21-day-old C57BL/6 mice. The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure model for seizures were performed on male BALB/c mice using 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of crude 80% methanol extract, as well as the four fractions described above. Diazepam and phenytoin were used as positive controls for PTZ and MES test respectively. RESULTS Addition of 0.7 mg/ml of crude 80% methanol extract of P. stellatum prevented the onset of SLEs in most brain slices in the 0 Mg2+in vitro model of seizures, with similar efficacy to diazepam (3 μM). The same extract at 400 and 800 mg/kg was efficacious in reducing the hindlimb extension time in the MES model and delaying the onset of myoclonic convulsions in the PTZ model, although not to the same extent as phenytoin (10 mg/kg) or diazepam (5 mg/kg). The chloroform and water fractions of the crude extract also showed significant anti-seizure activity across all three models whilst the non-polar petroleum ether and butanol fractions did not. The UPLC-MS analysis indicated the presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol, myricitrin, isoquercitrin and quercitirin in the crude extract. Gallic acid and ellagic acid were observed in chloroform fraction and in the water fraction ellagic acid, kaempferol, myricitrin and isoquercitrin were detected. CONCLUSION The crude hydromethanolic extract of P. stellatum has significant anti-seizure activity. The chloroform and aqueous fractions have antiseizure activity. The extracts have previously identified compounds with anticonvulsant activity which indicates the antiseizure potential of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Sahile Salile
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Hamin John Lee
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Sewes Frederick Alberts
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Teferra Abula
- Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joseph Valentino Raimondo
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gary Ivan Stafford
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Muto NA, Hamoy M, da Silva Ferreira CB, Hamoy AO, Lucas DCR, de Mello VJ, Rogez H. Extract of Euterpe oleracea Martius Stone Presents Anticonvulsive Activity via the GABAA Receptor. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:872743. [PMID: 35634465 PMCID: PMC9130464 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.872743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases globally, resulting from a disorder in brain activity. This condition can be triggered by birth trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), infections of the brain and stroke. More than 70 million people suffer seizures caused by neurological abnormalities. Approximately 80% of all epileptic patients reside in low-income conditions or in developing countries, and over 75% of patients do not receive proper treatment. Our previous study found an anticonvulsant property of an extract of Euterpe oleracea stone (EEOS) that caused myorelaxation, sedation, and cardiac and respiratory depression after intraperitoneal administration. The present study investigated through electroencephalographic (EEG) profiling the anticonvulsant protective properties of EEOS in induced convulsing rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with EEOS (300 mg/kg), diazepam (DZP) (5 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (60 mg/kg) and flumazenil (FMZ) (0.1 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal (i.p.). Electrodes implanted on the dura mater provided EEG data in which EEOS suppressed seizure deflagration caused by PTZ. In addition, EEOS presented no significant difference in comparison to DZP, which has the same mechanism of action. After FMZ injection, a GABAA receptor antagonist blocked the anticonvulsive effect in both the DZP and EEOS groups, suggesting that EEOS exerts it action on the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine (BDZ) subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilton Akio Muto
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences of Federal University of Pará (ICB-UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Chryslen Brenda da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences of Federal University of Pará (ICB-UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Akira Otake Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences of Federal University of Pará (ICB-UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Jóia de Mello
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute of Biological Sciences of Federal University of Pará (ICB-UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Hervé Rogez,
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Hemachandra GHTK, Thuvaragan S, Sanmugarajah V. Pharmacological screening of Eryngium foetidum Linn – A Review. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i4.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eryngium foetidum L. (Family Apiaceae) is a biennial herb, and it is used as a culinary herb and spice across the different countries of the world, including Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, etc. due to its high aroma quality. Also, it is used to treat several ailments, such as respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal ailments, and skin diseases among different indigenous populations for its medicinal properties. Based on ethnomedical evidence, many studies have been conducted to identify the phytoconstituents, underlying mechanisms, and related pharmacological effects of different parts of this plant. This study reviewed the current state of findings related to the Pharmacological activities of E. foetidum. Based on this review, this plant is widely used for ethnomedical and culinary purposes. Pharmacological screening of the plant revealed that it had different activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelminthic, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimalarial, larvicidal, and hepatoprotective activities. This review further promised that potential new chemical entities could be elicited from the phytoconstituents of E. foetidum.
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Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of the genus artemisia. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:439-474. [PMID: 33893998 PMCID: PMC8067791 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia and its allied species have been employed for conventional medicine in the Northern temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia for the treatments of digestive problems, morning sickness, irregular menstrual cycle, typhoid, epilepsy, renal problems, bronchitis malaria, etc. The multidisciplinary use of artemisia species has various other health benefits that are related to its traditional and modern pharmaceutical perspectives. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the traditional, modern, biological as well as pharmacological use of the essential oil and herbal extracts of Artemisia nilagirica, Artemisia parviflora, and other allied species of Artemisia. It also discusses the botanical circulation and its phytochemical constituents viz disaccharides, polysaccharides, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The plants have different biological importance like antiparasitic, antimalarial, antihyperlipidemic, antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anxiolytic, antiemetic, antidepressant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, insecticidal, antiviral activities, and also against COVID-19. Toxicological studies showed that the plants at a low dose and short duration are non or low-toxic. In contrast, a high dose at 3 g/kg and for a longer duration can cause toxicity like rapid respiration, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, etc. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medicinal uses, clinical efficacy and safety are crucial next steps.
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ELMostafi H, Bahbiti Y, Elhessni A, Bousalham R, Doumar H, Ouichou A, Benmhammed H, Touil T, Mesfioui A. Neuroprotective potential of Argan oil in neuropsychiatric disorders in rats: A review. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Bezverkhniaia EA, Povet’eva TN, Kadyrova TV, Suslov NI, Nesterova YV, Afanas’eva OG, Kul’pin PV, Yusova YG, Ermilova EV, Miroshnichenko AG, Brazovskii KS, Belousov MV. Screening Study for Anticonvulsive Activity of Lipophilic Fractions from Empetrum nigrum L. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.55015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The plants of genus Empetrum, which are used in the traditional medicine to cure seizures and neurodegenerative diseases, can be considered as potent antiepileptic drugs. This paper focuses on a comparative analysis of an anticonvulsive activity of lipophilic fractions from Empetrum nigrum L.
Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted using mature outbred CD-1 male mice. The lipophilic fractions from aerial parts of Empetrum nigrum L. were administered through a catheter into the stomach at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 5 days. The anticonvulsive effects were studied using the acute seizure tests: strychnine-, pentylenetetrazole – and maximal electroshock (MES) induced tests. Carbamazepine was used as a positive control drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg.
Results and discussion: The acetone-soluble fraction (ASF) of the chloroform extract from Empetrum nigrum L. showed a pronounced anticonvulsive effect on seizures induced by strychnine (1.5 mg/kg) and pentylenetetrazole (150 mg/kg). In comparison to the control group, the time from seizures to death increased by 1.5 for the strychnine-induced seizures, and 1.9 times in case of pentylenetetrazole model. The survival rate of the animals was 22.2% and 20%, correspondingly. The survival rate in the MES test was 77.8%. Overall, ASF demonstrates a remarkable anticonvulsive activity in all the tests, especially in the MES test.
Conclusion: Our study for the first time shows a potent antiepileptic effect of ASF from Empetrum nigrum L., containing triterpene compounds and chalcones. The future studies will be focused on investigating the exact mechanisms of anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of ASF.
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Maqbool S, Younus I, Sadaf R, Fatima A. Neuro-pharmacological evaluation of anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activity of Cocculus laurifolius leaves in wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:991-999. [PMID: 30993565 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activity of Cocculus laurifolius D.C leaves in albino wistar rats against strychnine induced convulsions. Initially the extract was investigated for acute oral toxicity testing in order to examine any signs of toxicity and mortality. For anticonvulsant activity, the ethanolic extract was evaluated at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. against strychnine induced convulsions model, at 1, 7, 15 and 30th day of treatment. Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effect of the extract was investigated via histopathological assessment. Cocculus laurifolius (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited anticonvulsant activity as indicated by significant delay in the onset of convulsions and time to death after strychnine induced convulsions. Similarly, significant reduction in the duration of convulsions and percentage of mortality was observed by ethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) at 1, 7, 15 and 30th day of test sessions. Furthermore, Cocculus laurifolius leaves (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) also exhibited neuroprotective effect with considerable preserved neuronal structures and significant decrease in neuronal apoptosis, in comparison with control. The results obtained from the present study indicate that ethanolic extract of Cocculus laurifolius leaves possess potential anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effect against strychnine induced convulsions. Therefore, it can be concluded that Cocculus laurifolius leaves may be a valuable in management of epilepsy, however further studies are required on large number of animals to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Maqbool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Younus
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Rafia Sadaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anab Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Auditeau E, Chassagne F, Bourdy G, Bounlu M, Jost J, Luna J, Ratsimbazafy V, Preux PM, Boumediene F. Herbal medicine for epilepsy seizures in Asia, Africa and Latin America: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:119-153. [PMID: 30610931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RELEVANCE More than 70 million people suffer epilepsy worldwide. Low availability of anti-epileptic drugs, side-effects and drug-resistant epilepsy affect the quality of life of persons with epilepsy in countries with a poorly developed health system. Herbal medicine is frequently used for this neurological condition. OBJECTIVES The main objective was to provide a detailed analysis of Herbal Medicine used for neurological conditions related with epilepsy in Asia, Africa and Latin America. More broadly, this study aims to highlight species with assessed efficacy (cross-cultural use, pharmacological effects on models of epileptic seizures) and safety (toxicological data in laboratory) information, in order to point out species of interest for further studies. A critical assessment of models used in pharmacological evaluations was done. MATERIALS AND METHODS The systematic search for Herbal Medicine treatments for epilepsy was performed considering all the articles published until February 2017 through three scientific databases. It was made with MeSH terms and free text defining the epilepsy seizures and plant species. We included studies carried out in Asia, Africa and Latin America. All articles reporting the use of Herbal Medicine to treat epilepsy seizures and/or their pharmacological evaluation were retained for further analysis. RESULTS The search yielded 1886 articles, from 30 countries. Hundred and six articles published between 1982 and 2017 were included, corresponding to a total of 497 use reports for 351 plant species belonging to 106 families. Three hundred and seventy seven use reports corresponding to 264 species in ethnopharmacological surveys and 120 evaluation reports corresponding to 107 species were noted. Twenty-nine reports, for 29 species, combined both ethnopharmacological and pharmacological evaluation. Fifty eight studies originated from Africa, 35 studies from Asia and 18 from Latin America. Highest use report was noted for rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. (12 use report in 1 country) and leaves of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (8 use report in 2 countries). Therefore these species display the highest use convergence. Regarding pharmacological evaluation most studied species were: Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. (4 evaluation reports in 1 country), Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. (3 evaluation reports in 2 countries) and Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. (3 evaluation reports in 1 country). In vivo models of chronic epilepsy were more relevant than in vitro models or chemical models inducing acute seizures for pharmacological assessment. CONCLUSION Species with the highest use report were not those with pharmacological evaluation. It will be pertinent to assess the pharmacological effects and safety of medicinal plants used mostly by traditional healers on predictive models of seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Auditeau
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - François Chassagne
- UMR 152 Research Institute for the development, University Toulouse 3, Pharmaceutical sciences Faculty, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Geneviève Bourdy
- UMR 152 Research Institute for the development, University Toulouse 3, Pharmaceutical sciences Faculty, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Mayoura Bounlu
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Institute of Francophonie for Tropical Medicine, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic.
| | - Jérémy Jost
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Jaime Luna
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Voa Ratsimbazafy
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
| | - Farid Boumediene
- INSERM, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Univ. Limoges, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
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Ghorbanian D, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Hashemian M, Gorji E, Gol M, Feizi F, Kazemi S, Ashrafpour M, Moghadamnia AA. Myristica Fragrans Houtt Extract Attenuates Neuronal Loss and Glial Activation in Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Kindling Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:812-825. [PMID: 31531064 PMCID: PMC6706727 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory reactions are closely associated with the development and progression of epilepsy. It has been shown that inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are released from activated astrocytes and microglia, are considered to be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of epileptic disorders. Regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt), the present study was designed to investigate whether the nutmeg ethanolic extract could exert anticonvulsant and inhibitory effects on glial activation in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced mice model of kindling. Ethanolic extract of nutmeg was administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1 hour before PTZ injection or one week before PTZ as a separate group, to become fully-kindled. The chemical components of nutmeg extract were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Immunostaining against neuronal and glial markers was performed on hippocampus sections. GC-MS data indicated that the main components of nutmeg extract are myristic acid (39.93%), elemicin (22.16%) and myristicin (11.17%). Behavioral studies showed that pre-treatment of nutmeg extract effectively reduced seizures behavior, decreased cell death, and ameliorated glial activation that is followed by PTZ administration. In conclusion, nutmeg extract might be regarded as a useful supplementary agent in epilepsy treatment through its attenuation of neuronal loss and glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Ghorbanian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mona Hashemian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Elaheh Gorji
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Gol
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Farideh Feizi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Ashrafpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Bharate SS, Mignani S, Vishwakarma RA. Why Are the Majority of Active Compounds in the CNS Domain Natural Products? A Critical Analysis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10345-10374. [PMID: 29989814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule natural products (NPs) have a long and successful track record of providing first-in-class drugs and pharmacophore (scaffolds) in all therapeutic areas, serving as a bridge between modern and traditional medicine. This trajectory has been remarkably successful in three key areas of modern therapeutics: cancers, infections, and CNS diseases. Beginning with the discovery of morphine 200 years ago, natural products have remained the primary source of new drugs/scaffolds for CNS diseases. In this perspective, we address the question: why are the majority of active compounds in the CNS domain natural products? Our analysis indicates that ∼84% approved drugs for CNS diseases are NPs or NP-inspired, and interestingly, 20 natural products provided more than 400 clinically approved CNS drugs. We have discussed unique physicochemical properties of NPs and NP-inspired vis-à-vis synthetic drugs, isoform selectivity, and evolutionary relationship, providing a rationale for increasing focus on natural product driven discovery for next-generation drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S Bharate
- Preformulation Laboratory, PK-PD Toxicology and Formulation Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Serge Mignani
- UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique , Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75006 Paris , France.,CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG , Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada , 9020-105 Funchal , Portugal.,Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu 180001 , India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu 180001 , India
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Taiwe GS, Kouamou ALN, Ambassa ARM, Menanga JR, Tchoya TB, Dzeufiet PDD. Evidence for the involvement of the GABA-ergic pathway in the anticonvulsant activity of the roots bark aqueous extract of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Loganiaceae). J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:425-435. [PMID: 28777735 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root bark of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. (Loganiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine in Northern Cameroon to treat epilepsy and related conditions, such as migraine, insomnia, dementia, anxiety, and mood disorders. METHODS To investigate the anticonvulsant effects and the possible mechanisms of this plant, an aqueous extract of Anthocleista djalonensis (AEAD) was evaluated by using animal models of bicuculline-, picrotoxin-, pilocarpine-, and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. Their effects on brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration and GABA-T activity were also determined. RESULTS This extract significantly protected mice against bicuculline-induced motor seizures. It provided 80% protection against picrotoxin-induced tonic-clonic seizures, and strongly antagonized convulsions induced by pilocarpine. AEAD also protected 100% of mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Flumazenil, a central benzodiazepine receptor antagonist and FG7142, a partial inverse agonist in the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor complex, were found to have an inhibitory effect on the anticonvulsant action of AEAD in pentylenetetrazole test. Finally, the brain GABA concentration was significantly increased and GABA-T activity was inhibited by AEAD. CONCLUSIONS The effects of Anthocleista djalonensis suggested the presence of anticonvulsant properties that might involve an action on benzodiazepine and/or GABA sites in the GABAA receptor complex or by modulating GABA concentration in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Zhang J, Mohamad FH, Wong JH, Mohamad H, Ismail AH, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Osman H, Wong KT, Idris Z, Abdullah JM. The Effects of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Identified from Bamboo ( Dendrocalamus asper) Shoots on Kv1.4 Channel. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:101-113. [PMID: 29599640 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bamboo shoot has been used as a treatment for epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine for generations to treat neuronal disorders such as convulsive, dizziness and headaches. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hba) is a non-flavonoid phenol found abundantly in Dendrocalamus asper shoots (bamboo), fruits (strawberries and apples) and flowers. Kv1.4 is a rapidly inactivating Shaker-related member of the voltage-gated potassium channels with two inactivation mechanisms; the fast N-type and slow C-type. It plays vital roles in repolarisation, hyperpolarisation and signaling the restoration of resting membrane potential through the regulation of the movement of K+ across the cellular membrane. Methods Chemical compounds from Dendrocalamus asper bamboo shoots were purified and identified as major palmitic acids mixed with other minor fatty acids, palmitic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, lauric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and cholest-4-ene-3-one. The response of synthetic 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was tested on Kv1.4 potassium channel which was injected into viable oocytes that was extracted from Xenopus laevis. The current were detected by the two-microelectrode voltage clamp, holding potential starting from -80 mV with 20 mV step-up until +80 mV. Readings of treatments with 0.1% DMSO, 4-hba concentrations and K channel blockers were taken at +60 mV. The ratio of tail/peak amplitude is the index of the activity of the Kv1.4 channels with n ≥ 6 (number of oocytes tested). The decreases of the ratios of five different concentrations (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) were compared with 0.1% DMSO as the control. Results All concentration showed statistically significant results with P < 0.05 except for 100 μM. The normalised current of the 4-hba concentrations were compared with potassium channel blockers (TEA and 4-AP) and all groups showed statistically significant results. This study also showed that time taken for each concentration to affect Kv1.4 does not play any significant roles. Conclusion 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be able to enhance the inactivation of Kv1.4 by lowering the membrane potential so that the abnormal neuronal firing can be inhibited. With IC50 slightly higher than 10 μM, increasing concentrations (100 μM, 1 mM and 2.5 mM) had shown to exhibit toxicity effects. The best concentration from this study is 10 μM with Hill slope of 0.1799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Fatin H Mohamad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Mohamad
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hadi Ismail
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Osman
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kok Tong Wong
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Oliveira CC, Oliveira CV, Grigoletto J, Ribeiro LR, Funck VR, Meier L, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Furian AF, Menezes IRA, Oliveira MS. Anticonvulsant activity of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fixed pulp oil against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Neurol Res 2017; 39:667-674. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1324380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Correia Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Grigoletto
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Rafael Funck
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Letícia Meier
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Dhar A, Maurya SK, Mishra A, Singh GK, Singh MK, Seth A. Preliminary Screening of a Classical Ayurvedic Formulation for Anticonvulsant Activity. Anc Sci Life 2016; 36:28-34. [PMID: 28182033 PMCID: PMC5255967 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.195410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a serious and complex central nervous system disorder associated with recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures due to the imbalance between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmitters level in the brain. The available treatments are neither competent to control the seizures nor prevent progress of disease. Since ages, Herbal medicines have remained important sources of medicines in many parts of world which is evidenced through their uses in traditional systems of medicine i.e. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and Chinese etc. AIM A polyherbal formulation (containing Terminalia chebula Retz., Asparagus racemosus Willd., Embelia ribes Burm. F, Acorus calamus L., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy, Saussurea lappa C.B.Clarke, Achyranthes aspera L.) is mentioned in Ayurvedic classics Bhaiṣajya Ratnāvali. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the formulation in Maximum electroshock and Pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, a polyherbal formulation was developed as directed by classical text and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity using Maximal Electroshock Shock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in rats. Statistical comparison was done by one way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS The obtained results showed that the PHF had a protective role on epilepsy. Treatment with PHF significantly improves antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly as compared to controls. PHF also significantly decreased malonaldialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain. Moreover, it also attenuated the PTZ-induced increase in the activity of GABA-T in the rat brain. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PHF might have possible efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dhar
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Mishra
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Kriya Shareer, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Department of Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Sucher NJ, Carles MC. A pharmacological basis of herbal medicines for epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:308-18. [PMID: 26074183 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease, affecting about 1% of the world's population during their lifetime. Most people with epilepsy can attain a seizure-free life upon treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Unfortunately, seizures in up to 30% do not respond to treatment. It is estimated that 90% of people with epilepsy live in developing countries, and most of them receive no drug treatment for the disease. This treatment gap has motivated investigations into the effects of plants that have been used by traditional healers all over the world to treat seizures. Extracts of hundreds of plants have been shown to exhibit anticonvulsant activity in phenotypic screens performed in experimental animals. Some of those extracts appear to exhibit anticonvulsant efficacy similar to that of synthetic AEDs. Dozens of plant-derived chemical compounds have similarly been shown to act as anticonvulsants in various in vivo and in vitro assays. To a significant degree, anticonvulsant effects of plant extracts can be attributed to widely distributed flavonoids, (furano)coumarins, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids. Flavonoids and coumarins have been shown to interact with the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor and various voltage-gated ion channels, which are targets of synthetic AEDs. Modulation of the activity of ligand-gated and voltage-gated ion channels provides an explanatory basis of the anticonvulsant effects of plant secondary metabolites. Many complex extracts and single plant-derived compounds exhibit antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, and cognition-enhancing activities that may be beneficial in the treatment of epilepsy. Thus, botanicals provide a base for target-oriented antiepileptic drug discovery and development. In the future, preclinical work should focus on the characterization of the effects of plant extracts and plant-derived compounds on well-defined targets rather than on phenotypic screening using in vivo animal models of acute seizures. At the same time, available data provide ample justification for clinical studies with selected standardized botanical extracts and plant-derived compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus J Sucher
- Science Department, Roxbury Community College, MA, USA; FLAS, Northern Essex Community College, MA, USA; Biology Department, Salem State University, MA, USA.
| | - Maria C Carles
- Science Department, Roxbury Community College, MA, USA; FLAS, Northern Essex Community College, MA, USA; Biology Department, Salem State University, MA, USA
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Mathew S, Faheem M, Al-Malki AL, Kumosani TA, Qadri I. In silico inhibition of GABARAP activity using antiepileptic medicinal derived compounds. Bioinformation 2015; 11:189-95. [PMID: 26124559 PMCID: PMC4479051 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. It can be controlled by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) but more than 30% patients are still resistant to AEDs. To overcome this problem, researchers are trying to develop novel approaches to treat epilepsy including the use of herbal medicines. The γ-amino butyric acid type-A receptor associated protein (GABARAP) is ubiquitin-like modifier implicated in the intracellular trafficking of GABAAR. An in silico mutation was created at 116 amino acid position G116A, and an in silico study was carried out to identify the potential binding inhibitors (with antiepileptic properties) against the active sites of GABARAP. Five different plant derived compounds namely (a) Aconitine (b) Berberine (c) Montanine (d) Raubasine (e) Safranal were selected, and their quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) have been conducted to search the inhibitory activity of the selected compounds. The results have shown maximum number of hydrogen bond (H-bond) interactions of Raubasine with highest interaction energy among all of the five compounds. So, Raubasine could be the best fit ligand of GABARAP but in vitro, and in vivo studies are necessary for further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Mathew
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
- Authors contributed equally
| | | | - Taha A Kumosani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine Research, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, PO Box 80216 Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu HL, Wan JB, Wang YT, Li BC, Xiang C, He J, Li P. Medicinal compounds with antiepileptic/anticonvulsant activities. Epilepsia 2013; 55:3-16. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Bao-Cai Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Jing He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Kunming China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
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19
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Adams M, Schneider SV, Kluge M, Kessler M, Hamburger M. Epilepsy in the Renaissance: a survey of remedies from 16th and 17th century German herbals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:1-13. [PMID: 22710294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Before modern anticonvulsive drugs were developed people in central Europe used herbal remedies to treat epilepsy. Hundreds of different plants for this indication can be found in German herbals of the 16th and 17th centuries. Here we compile these plants and discuss their use from a pharmacological perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine of the most important European herbals of the 16th and 17th century including Bock (1577), Fuchs (1543), Mattioli (1590), Lonicerus (1660, 1770), Brunfels (1532), Zwinger (1696), and Tabernaemontanus (1591, 1678) were searched for terms related to epilepsy, and plants and recipes described for its treatment were documented. We then searched scientific literature for pharmacological evidence of their effectiveness. Additionally the overlapping of these remedies with those in De Materia Medica by the Greek physician Dioscorides was studied. RESULTS Two hundred twenty one plants were identified in the herbals to be used in the context of epilepsy. In vitro and/or in vivo pharmacological data somehow related to the indication epilepsy was found for less than 5% of these plants. Less than 7% of epilepsy remedies are in common with De Materia Medica. CONCLUSIONS Numerous plants were used to treat epilepsy in the 16th and 17th centuries. However, few of these plants have been investigated with respect to pharmacological activity on epilepsy related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Orhan N, Deliorman Orhan D, Aslan M, Süküroğlu M, Orhan IE. UPLC-TOF-MS analysis of Galium spurium towards its neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:220-227. [PMID: 22348922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Galium species have been reported to be used against epilepsy in traditional Turkish folk medicine. AIM OF STUDY The present work was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo anticonvulsant and in vitro neuroprotective effects of Galium spurium L. and to determine the major constituents by UPLC-TOF-MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticonvulsant activity of the aerial parts of Galium spurium was investigated using pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin, and maximal electroshock-induced seizure animal models. In order to evaluate the safety, neurotoxicity (Rota rod test) of the ethanol extract was also determined. In vitro neuroprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Galium spurium was assessed by acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase inhibitions. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (UPLC-TOF-MS) was used to identify the major compounds in the extract. RESULTS In pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure, the ethanol extract at doses of 250 and 1000mg/kg prolonged the onset of seizures. Similarly, Galium spurium (250 and 500mg/kg) significantly delayed the onset of picrotoxin-induced seizures in mice and these doses also exhibited 12.5% and 17% protection, respectively, against picrotoxin-induced seizures. Furthermore, Galium spurium extract showed a significant protective effect against maximal electroshock-induced seizures at doses of 250 and 1000mg/kg (50% and 37.5%, respectively) and also all tested doses prolonged the onset of seizures. No motor co-ordination was observed with intraperitoneal injection of Galium spurium extract at doses of 500 and 1000mg/kg. The extract exhibited 16.2% inhibition against butrylcholinesterase at 200μg/mL concentration, whereas it did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Phytochemical analysis of the extract based on the MS data by UPLC-TOF-MS, ten major compounds (phenolic and triterpenic acids, flavonoids and iridoids) were determined. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that Galium spurium may have anticonvulsant activity against picrotoxin and maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids might be responsible for anticonvulsant activity. The results offer possible beneficial effects by the plant's aerial parts and may suggest a realistic explanation for its traditonal usage in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
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Sahu S, Dutta G, Mandal N, Goswami AR, Ghosh T. Anticonvulsant effect of Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. on pentylenetetrazole induced seizure: a behavioral and EEG study in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:537-541. [PMID: 22414476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marsilea quadrifolia Linn (MQ) extract has been used traditionally as sedative and antiepileptic drug in India. AIM OF THIS STUDY To investigate the anticonvulsive potential of MQ extracts by using behavior and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS For anticonvulsant effect, 60minutes after administration of MQ, behavior and EEG were analyzed during PTZ (60mg/kg) induced seizures. Changes of EEG power, latency of onset of seizure, seizure severity score, and duration of epileptic seizure were determined. RESULTS Both the water and ethanol extract of MQ increased the latency of seizure but also decreased duration of epileptic seizure and seizure severity score. This reduction of seizure severity was also observed in EEG recording and EEG power analysis. The effectiveness of MQ ethanol extract is better than MQ water extract. CONCLUSION Both water and ethanol extract of MQ were effective in reducing the severity of behavioral and EEG seizures induced by PTZ in rats. This study justifies the traditional use of this plant in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Sahu
- Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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Anticonvulsant activity of bisabolene sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma longa in zebrafish and mouse seizure models. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 24:14-22. [PMID: 22483646 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, is used in South Asia as a traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. To date, in vivo studies on the anticonvulsant activity of turmeric have focused on its principal curcuminoid, curcumin. However, poor absorption and rapid metabolism have limited the therapeutic application of curcumin in humans. To explore the therapeutic potential of turmeric for epilepsy further, we analyzed its anticonvulsant activity in a larval zebrafish seizure assay. Initial experiments revealed that the anticonvulsant activity of turmeric in zebrafish larvae cannot be explained solely by the effects of curcumin. Zebrafish bioassay-guided fractionation of turmeric identified bisabolene sesquiterpenoids as additional anticonvulsants that inhibit PTZ-induced seizures in both zebrafish and mice. Here, we present the first report of the anticonvulsant properties of bisabolene sesquiterpenoids and provide evidence which warrants further investigation toward the mechanistic understanding of their neuromodulatory activity.
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Paul JHA, Seaforth CE, Tikasingh T. Eryngium foetidum L.: a review. Fitoterapia 2010; 82:302-8. [PMID: 21062639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eryngium foetidum L. is a biennial herb which is used extensively as a medicinal plant in most tropical regions. It is of increasing importance as a spice plant cultivated in India, Vietnam, Australia and elsewhere with well documented procedures for maximum yield. It also possesses a wide range of ethnomedicinal uses including treatment for burns, earache, fevers, hypertension, constipation, fits, asthma, stomach ache, worms, infertility complications, snake bites, diarrhea and malaria. Chemical evaluation of the leaves indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, a saponin and several triterpenoids; but no alkaloids were reported. A significant constituent of the essential oil of the plant is E-2-dodecenal ("eryngial"), with isomers of trimethylbenzaldehyde being present in lesser proportions. Variability in the composition of essential oil was clearly dependent on the geographic location of the growing plant. Pharmacological studies of the aerial plant parts have demonstrated anthelmintic activity due to eryngial, anti-inflammatory action due to the phytosterol fractions, anti-convulsant activity in the respective models, and selective antibacterial activity against Salmonella species and the Erwinia genus of bacteria. A fraction of the essential oil rich in eryngial is the subject of a US patent application for its effectiveness against parasitic trypanosomes, nematodes, fungi and bacteria in humans and other mammals. These findings suggest the need for further research of this herb and its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H A Paul
- Caribbean Herbal Medicine Research Institute, The University of Trinidad and Tobago, Waterloo Research Centre, WI Central Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Lopes JJ, Marx C, Ingrassia R, Picada JN, Pereira P, Ferraz ADBF. Neurobehavioral and toxicological activities of two potentially CNS-acting medicinal plants of Piper genus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:9-14. [PMID: 20579860 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants from the genus Piper are economically useful and some species have been indicated because of their medicinal properties in the central nervous system. However, few studies about toxicity and neurobehavioral effects have been conducted. In this study, two Piper species, P. amalago and P. mikanianum were investigated in rats to determine acute toxicity and to evaluate the ansiogenic/ansiolytic properties in the elevated plus-maze and the effects on locomotion and exploration in an open field. Additionally, genotoxic activities were evaluated, using the comet assay in several tissues and the micronucleus assay in bone marrow. The phytochemical analysis of both Piper species leaves suggests the presence of amide, essential oils, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The LD(50) of P. amalago and P. mikanianum were estimated as 2,545 and 1,661 mg/kg, respectively. The behavioral and genotoxic parameters were determined after an intraperitoneal administration of P. amalago (250 or 420 mg/kg) or P. mikanianum (160 or 270 mg/kg). Both plants decreased the number of entries and time spent in the open arms in the plus-maze test, indicating an anxiogenic effect. Only P. mikanianum affected locomotion and exploration in the open field behavior test. No genotoxic or mutagenic effect was observed. Our results suggest that these Piper species act on the central nervous system, without induce genetic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Jardim Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Silva MR, Ximenes RM, da Costa JGM, Leal LKAM, de Lopes AA, Viana GSDB. Comparative anticonvulsant activities of the essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 381:415-26. [PMID: 20237771 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus are a good source of an essential oil (EO) rich in citral, and its tea is largely used in the Brazilian folk medicine as a sedative. A similar source of EO is Cymbopogon winterianus, rich in citronellal. The literature presents more studies on the EO of C. citratus and their isolated bioactive components, but only a few are found on the EO of C. winterianus. The objective of the present study was then to study, in a comparative way, the effects of both EOs on three models of convulsions (pentylenetetrazol, pilocarpine, and strychnine) and on the barbiturate-induced sleeping time on male Swiss mice. The animals (20-30 g) were acutely treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneally, of each EO, and 30 min later, the test was initiated. The observed parameters were: latency to the first convulsion and latency to death in seconds. Furthermore, the in vitro effects of the EOs were also studied on myeloperoxidase (MPO; a biomarker for inflammation) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; an index of cytotoxicity) releases from human neutrophils. The EOs radical-scavenging activities were also evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results showed that both EOs were more active on the pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion model, and C. citratus was even more efficient in increasing latency to the first convulsion and latency to death. Both parameters were potentiated in the presence of a lower dose of diazepam (reference drug) when associated to a lower dose of each EO (25 mg kg(-1)). Besides, their anticonvulsant effects were blocked by flumazenil, a known benzodiazepine antagonist. This effect was somewhat lower on the pilocarpine-induced convulsion, and better effects were seen only with the EOs' higher doses (200 mg kg(-1)). A similar result was observed on the strychnine-induced convulsion model. Both EOs potentiated the barbiturate-induced sleeping time. However, C. citratus was more efficient. Interestingly, both EOs completely blocked the MPO release from human neutrophils and showed no cytotoxic effect on the LDH release from human neutrophils. On the other hand, only a very low or no effect on the DPPH assay was observed with C. winterianus and C. citratus, respectively, indicating that the radical scavenging activity did not play a role on the EOs' effects. We conclude that the mechanism of action of the anticonvulsant effect of the EOs studied is, at least in part, dependent upon the GABAergic neurotransmission. In addition, their effects on inflammatory biomarkers can also contribute to their central nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Ribeiro Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, Fortaleza 60430-270, Ceará, Brazil
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Nassiri-Asl M, Shariati-Rad S, Zamansoltani F. Anticonvulsive effects of intracerebroventricular administration of rutin in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:989-93. [PMID: 18262708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Various synthetic derivatives of natural flavonoids are known to have neuroactive properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of rutin (3, 3', 4', 5, 7-pentahydrohyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside), a flavonoid which is an important dietary constituent of food and plant-based beverages. To this end, we assessed the anticonvulsant effects of rutin in rats treated with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (90 mg/kg, i.p.) and sought to clarify this mechanism. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of rutin dose-dependently affected minimal clonic seizures (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) induced by PTZ, through increments in seizure onset. Additionally, pretreatment with flumazenil (5 nM, i.c.v.) abolished the anticonvulsant effects of rutin during the onset of both seizures. These results indicate that rutin has anticonvulsant effects in the brain, possibly through positive allosteric modulation of the GABA(A) receptor complex via interaction at the benzodiazepine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University, Qazvin, Iran.
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Nassiri-Asl M, Shariati-Rad S, Zamansoltani F. Anticonvulsant effects of aerial parts of Passiflora incarnata extract in mice: involvement of benzodiazepine and opioid receptors. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2007; 7:26. [PMID: 17686156 PMCID: PMC1973074 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Passion flower (Passiflora incarnata) is used in traditional medicine of Europe and South America to treat anxiety, insomnia and seizure. Recently, it has shown antianxiety and sedative effects in human. Methods In this study, anticonvulsant effects of hydro- alcoholic extract of Passiflora, Pasipay, were examined by using pentylentetrazole model (PTZ) on mice. Pasipay, diazepam, and normal saline were injected intraperitoneally at the doses 0.4–0.05 mg/kg, 0.5–1 mg/kg and 10 ml/kg respectively 30 minutes before PTZ (90 mg/kg, i.p). The time taken before the onset of clonic convulsions, the duration of colonic convulsions, and the percentage of seizure and mortality protection were recorded. For investigating the mechanism of Pasipay, flumazenil (2 mg/kg, i.p) and naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p) were also injected 5 minutes before Pasipay. Results An ED50 value of Pasipay in the PTZ model was 0.23 mg/kg (%95 CL: 0.156, 0.342). Pasipay at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg prolonged the onset time of seizure and decreased the duration of seizures compared to saline group (p < 0.001). At the dose of 0.4 mg/kg, seizure and mortality protection percent were 100%. Flumazenil and naloxone could suppress anticonvulsant effects of Pasipay. Conclusion It seems that Pasipay could be useful for treatment absence seizure and these effects may be related to effect of it on GABAergic and opioid systems. More studies are needed in order to investigate its exact mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Qazvin University, Qazvin, Iran
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Luna I, Ochoterena H. Phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Theaceae based on morphology. Cladistics 2004; 20:223-270. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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