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Stewart HL, Gilbert D, Stefanovski D, Garman Z, Albro MB, Bais M, Grinstaff MW, Snyder BD, Schaer TP. A missed opportunity: A scoping review of the effect of sex and age on osteoarthritis using large animal models. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:501-513. [PMID: 38408635 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to critically analyze the published literature accounting for sex differences and skeletal age (open vs. closed physis) in preclinical animal models of OA, including the disaggregation of data by sex and skeletal maturity when data is generated from combined sex and/or multi-aged cohorts without proper confounding. METHOD A scoping literature review of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SCOPUS was performed for studies evaluating the effect of sex and age in experimental studies and clinical trials utilizing preclinical large animal models of OA. RESULTS A total of 9727 papers were identified in large animal (dog, pig, sheep, goat, horse) models for preclinical OA research, of which 238 ex vivo and/or in vivo studies disclosed model type, animal species, sex, and skeletal age sufficient to analyze their effect on outcomes. Dogs, followed by pigs, sheep, and horses, were the most commonly used models. A paucity of preclinical studies evaluated the effect of sex and age in large animal models of naturally occurring or experimentally induced OA: 26 total studies reported some kind of analysis of the effects of sex or age, with 4 studies discussing the effects of sex only, 11 studies discussing the effects of age only, and 11 studies analyzing both the effects of age and sex. CONCLUSION Fundamental to translational research, OARSI is uniquely positioned to develop recommendations for conducting preclinical studies using large animal models of OA that consider biological mechanisms linked to sex chromosomes, skeletal age, castration, and gonadal hormones affecting OA pathophysiology and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Stewart
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Derek Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Zoe Garman
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael B Albro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Manish Bais
- Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian D Snyder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas P Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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Kemper M, Kluge A, Ney M, Beleites T, Zeidler-Rentzsch I, Keil C, Zahnert T, Neudert M. Visualization of bone formation in sheep's middle ear by using fluorochrome sequential labelling (FSL). Sci Rep 2024; 14:7046. [PMID: 38528064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
One factor for the lacking integration of the middle ear stapes footplate prosthesis or the missing healing of stapes footplate fractures could be the known osteogenic inactivity. In contrast, it was recently demonstrated that titanium prostheses with an applied collagen matrix and immobilised growth factors stimulate osteoblastic activation and differentiation on the stapes footplate. Regarding those findings, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of bone regeneration including bone remodeling in the middle ear. Ten one-year-old female merino sheep underwent a middle ear surgery without implantation of middle ear prostheses or any other component for activating bone formation. Post-operatively, four fluorochromes (tetracycline, alizarin complexion, calcein green and xylenol orange) were administered by subcutaneous injection at different time points after surgery (1 day: tetracycline, 7 days: alizarin, 14 days: calcein, 28 days: xylenol). After 12 weeks, the temporal bones including the lateral skull base were extracted and histologically analyzed. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of the entire stapes with the oval niche, but in particular stapes footplate and the Crura stapedis revealed evidence of new bone formation. Calcein was detected in all and xylenol in 60% of the animals. In contrast, tetracycline and alizarin could only be verified in two animals. The authors were able to demonstrate the osseoregenerative potential of the middle ear, in particular of the stapes footplate, using fluorescence sequence labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Kemper
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anne Kluge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Ney
- Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Beleites
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Zeidler-Rentzsch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Keil
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Zahnert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Neudert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine (and University Hospital) Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Bisazza KT, Nelson BB, Sikes KJ, Nakamura L, Easley JT. Computed Tomography Provides Improved Quantification of Trabecular Lumbar Spine Bone Loss Compared to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Ovariectomized Sheep. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10807. [PMID: 38130759 PMCID: PMC10731101 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of osteoporosis using advanced imaging is imperative to the successful treatment and prevention of high morbidity fractures in aging patients. In this preclinical study, we aimed to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) to quantify bone mineral density (BMD) changes in the sheep lumbar spine. We also aimed to determine the relationship of BMD to microarchitecture in the same animals as an estimate of imaging modality precision. Osteoporosis was induced in 10 ewes via laparoscopic ovariectomy and administration of high-dose corticosteroids. We performed DXA and QCT imaging to measure areal BMD (aBMD) and trabecular volumetric BMD (Tb.vBMD)/cortical vBMD (Ct.vBMD), respectively, at baseline (before ovariectomy) and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after ovariectomy. Iliac crest bone biopsies were collected at each time point for micro-computed tomography (microCT) analysis; bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), thickness (Tb.Th), and spacing (Tb.Sp) were reported. aBMD and Tb.vBMD both decreased significantly by 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05) compared with baseline, whereas no changes to Ct.vBMD were observed. Combined (Tb. and Ct.) vBMD was significantly correlated with aBMD at all time points (all p < 0.05). Additionally, greater significant correlations were found between BV/TV and Tb.vBMD at all five time points (R 2 = 0.54, 0.57, 0.66, 0.46, and 0.56, respectively) than with aBMD values (R 2 = 0.23, 0.55, 0.41, 0.20, and 0.19, respectively). The higher correlation of microCT values with QCT than with DXA indicates that QCT provides additional detailed information regarding bone mineral density changes in preclinical settings. Because trabecular bone is susceptible to rapid density loss and structural changes during osteoporosis, QCT can capture these subtle changes more precisely than DXA in a large animal preclinical model. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie T Bisazza
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Brad B Nelson
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Katie J Sikes
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Lucas Nakamura
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Jeremiah T Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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Stein M, Elefteriou F, Busse B, Fiedler IA, Kwon RY, Farell E, Ahmad M, Ignatius A, Grover L, Geris L, Tuckermann J. Why Animal Experiments Are Still Indispensable in Bone Research: A Statement by the European Calcified Tissue Society. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1045-1061. [PMID: 37314012 PMCID: PMC10962000 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Major achievements in bone research have always relied on animal models and in vitro systems derived from patient and animal material. However, the use of animals in research has drawn intense ethical debate and the complete abolition of animal experimentation is demanded by fractions of the population. This phenomenon is enhanced by the reproducibility crisis in science and the advance of in vitro and in silico techniques. 3D culture, organ-on-a-chip, and computer models have improved enormously over the last few years. Nevertheless, the overall complexity of bone tissue cross-talk and the systemic and local regulation of bone physiology can often only be addressed in entire vertebrates. Powerful genetic methods such as conditional mutagenesis, lineage tracing, and modeling of the diseases enhanced the understanding of the entire skeletal system. In this review endorsed by the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS), a working group of investigators from Europe and the US provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of experimental animal models, including rodents, fish, and large animals, as well the potential and shortcomings of in vitro and in silico technologies in skeletal research. We propose that the proper combination of the right animal model for a specific hypothesis and state-of-the-art in vitro and/or in silico technology is essential to solving remaining important questions in bone research. This is crucial for executing most efficiently the 3R principles to reduce, refine, and replace animal experimentation, for enhancing our knowledge of skeletal biology, and for the treatment of bone diseases that affect a large part of society. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Imke A.K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Eric Farell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Liam Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational MedicineHeritage Building Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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The Contribution of the Sheep and the Goat Model to the Study of Ovarian Ageing. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020270. [PMID: 36829547 PMCID: PMC9953374 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian ageing stands as the major contributor towards fertility loss. As such, there is an urge for studies addressing the mechanisms that promote ovarian ageing and new strategies aiming to delay it. Recently, the presence of a unique population of multinucleated giant cells has been identified in the ovaries of reproductively aged mice. These cells have been considered hallmarks of ovarian ageing. However, up to date multinucleated giant cells have only been described in the ovaries of the mice. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate and characterize the presence of such hallmarks of ovarian ageing in the sheep and the goat. In this study, ovaries from juvenile (6 months) and mature animals (18-24 months) were used. The hematoxylin and eosin technique was performed to describe the ovarian morphology and evaluate the ovarian follicle reserve pool. Sudan black B staining and the detection of autofluorescence emission were used to identify and characterize the presence of multinucleated giant cells. Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism 9.0.0. A decrease in the follicle reserve pool and the presence of multinucleated giant cells, with lipofuscin accumulation and the emission of autofluorescence, were observed in the ovaries of the mature animals of both species. Our results support the interest in the use of the ovine and the caprine model, that share physiological and pathophysiological characteristics with humans, in future studies addressing ovarian ageing.
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6
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Wang B, Zhang B, Zhou L, Li S, Li Z, Luo H. Multi-omics reveals diet-induced metabolic disorders and liver inflammation via microbiota-gut-liver axis. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109183. [PMID: 36270571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota medicated gut-liver axis is vital for liver function and health. We aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of diet-induced metabolic liver disorders via microbiota-gut-liver axis using multi-omics. Metataxonomics, metaproteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics were conducted on liver tissue and biofluids (gastrointestinal contents and blood) to elucidate the microbial mechanism related to metabolic disorders and liver injury. The hepatic inflammation occurred based on histomorphology after feeding a long-term grain-based high-energy diet, and the serum biochemical parameters and proinflammatory cytokines were significantly activated. Metaproteomics analysis indicated that the high-energy diet reduced anti-infection, immunity, anti-oxidant functions, and increased cell death and damage of rumen microbiome. Ruminal Ruminococcus_2, Solobacterium, and Syntrophococcu and jejunal Pirellula were potential microbial markers of liver disorders. The high-energy diet promoted hepatic inflammatory response and cytokine/chemokine-mediated signaling pathways located in the core of the functional genomic network. The high-energy diet increased indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate and decreased triterpenoids in the liver that were the potential biomarkers associated with metabolic liver disorders. Integrated multi-omics analyses showed interactions among the rumen and jejunum microbiota, circulating metabolites, and liver gene expression, suggesting a systemic immune response and liver disorder that signals through the microbiota-gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Boyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuanghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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7
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Salamanna F, Contartese D, Veronesi F, Martini L, Fini M. Osteoporosis Preclinical Research: A Systematic Review on Comparative Studies Using Ovariectomized Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168904. [PMID: 36012173 PMCID: PMC9408715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep ovariectomy (OVX) alone or associated to steroid therapy, deficient diet, or hypothalamic–pituitary disconnection has proven to be of critical importance for osteoporosis research in orthopedics. However, the impact of specific variables, such as breed, age, diet, time after OVX, and other variables, should be monitored. Thus, the design of comparative studies is mandatory to minimize the impact of these variables or to recognize the presence of unwanted variables as well as to better characterize bone remodeling in this model. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of the last 10 years on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge considering only studies on OVX sheep where a control group was present. Of the 123 records screened, 18 studies were included and analyzed. Results showed that (i) Merino sheep are the most exploited breed; (ii) 5–6 years of age is the most used time for inducing OVX; (iii) ventral midline laparotomy is the most common approach to induce OVX; (iv) OVX associated to steroid therapy is the most widely used osteoporosis model; and (v) success of OVX was mostly verified 12 months after surgery. In detail, starting from 12 months after OVX a significant decline in bone mineral density and in microarchitectural bone parameters as well as in biochemical markers were detected in all studies in comparison to control groups. Bone alteration was also site-specific on a pattern as follows: lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and ribs. Before 12 months from OVX and starting from 3–5 months, microarchitectural bone changes and biochemical marker alterations were present when osteoporosis was induced by OVX associated to steroid therapy. In conclusion, OVX in sheep influence bone metabolism causing pronounced systemic bone loss and structural deterioration comparable to the situation found in osteoporosis patients. Data for treating osteoporosis patients are based not only on good planning and study design but also on a correct animal use that, as suggested by 3Rs principles and by ARRIVE guidelines, includes the use of control groups to be directly contrasted with the experimental group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Deyanira Contartese
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Martini
- Complex Structure Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Mukherjee P, Roy S, Ghosh D, Nandi SK. Role of animal models in biomedical research: a review. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:18. [PMID: 35778730 PMCID: PMC9247923 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its’ diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its’ ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as challenges, but, present review has emphasized the importance of various small and large animal models in pharmaceutical drug development, transgenic animal models, models for medical device developments, studies for various human diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration model, diabetic and burn wound model as well as surgical models like vascular surgeries and surgeries for intervertebral disc degeneration considering all the ethical issues of that specific animal model. Despite, the process of using the animal model has facilitated researchers to carry out the researches that would have been impossible to accomplish in human considering the ethical prohibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - S Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - S K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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Rony L, Aguado E, Verlee B, Pascaretti-Grizon F, Chappard D. Osseointegration of two types of titanium cylinders with geometric or trabecular microarchitecture: A nanotomographic and histomorphometric study. Morphologie 2022; 106:80-91. [PMID: 33812797 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous biomaterials promote osseointegration. We have prepared porous titanium cylinders by additive manufacturing from titanium beads. Two types of morphology were tested: cylinders with geometric pores or mimicking trabecular microarchitecture. Cylinders were decontaminated and cleaned by HF/HNO3 to remove unmelted balls. Surgical implantation in ewes was performed under general anesthesia and the animals were housed for 90 and 270days. The femoral condyles were collected and analyzed by nanoCT, embedded in pMMA and analyzed by histomorphometry. No significant difference was found in terms of bone volume or bone/titanium interface between the two types of cylinders. There was no evolution over time except for the mineralization rates which decreased, reflecting the effect of the aging of the animals. The influence of the pores (geometrical or "natural") did not influence osseointegration. HF/HNO3 etching treatments are effective on the outermost surfaces but do not seem to reach the central cavities of the samples. Finally, osseointegration seems to occur only in the few millimeters around the periphery of the implants and does not extend in the center. This is explained by the absence of stress transmission within the very rigid metal cylinders, preventing bone modeling and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rony
- GEROM - Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France
| | - E Aguado
- GEROM - Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France; ONIRIS, Ecole Vétérinaire de Nantes, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - B Verlee
- SIRRIS Liège Science Park, Rue du bois St Jean 12, 4102 Seraing, Belgium
| | - F Pascaretti-Grizon
- GEROM - Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France
| | - D Chappard
- GEROM - Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, Univ-Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex, France.
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10
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Single Application of Low-Dose, Hydroxyapatite-Bound BMP-2 or GDF-5 Induces Long-Term Bone Formation and Biomechanical Stabilization of a Bone Defect in a Senile Sheep Lumbar Osteopenia Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020513. [PMID: 35203721 PMCID: PMC8962316 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with bone morphogenetic BMP-2 or GDF-5 were compared in sheep lumbar osteopenia; in vitro release in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or sheep serum was assessed by ELISA. Lumbar (L) vertebral bone defects (Ø 3.5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep (n = 72; 9.00 ± 0.11 years; mean ± SEM). Treatment was: (a) HA particles (2.5 mg; L5); or (b) particles coated with BMP-2 (1 µg; 10 µg) or GDF-5 (5 µg; 50 µg; L4; all groups n = 6). Untouched vertebrae (L3) served as controls. Three and nine months post-therapy, bone formation was assessed by osteodensitometry, histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing. Cumulative 14-day BMP release was high in serum (76–100%), but max. 1.4% in PBS. In vivo induction of bone formation by HA particles with either growth factor was shown by: (i) significantly increased bone volume, trabecular and cortical thickness (overall increase HA + BMP vs. control close to the injection channel 71%, 110%, and 37%, respectively); (ii) partial significant effects for bone mineral density, bone formation, and compressive strength (increase 17%; 9 months; GDF-5). Treatment effects were not dose-dependent. Combined HA and BMPs (single low-dose) highly augment long-term bone formation and biomechanical stabilization in sheep lumbar osteopenia. Thus, carrier-bound BMP doses 20,000-fold to 1000-fold lower than previously applied appear suitable for spinal fusion/bone regeneration and improved treatment safety.
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11
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Dittmer KE, Chernyavtseva A, Marshall JC, Cabrera D, Wolber FM, Kruger M. Expression of Renal Vitamin D and Phosphatonin-Related Genes in a Sheep Model of Osteoporosis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010067. [PMID: 35011173 PMCID: PMC8749731 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteoporosis is a significant public health issue around the world, with post-menopausal osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency resulting in approximately ¾ of cases. Treatment with glucocorticoids is another common cause of osteoporosis in humans. Sheep are a well-established model for osteoporosis in humans. In this study, aged sheep had their ovaries removed (ovariectomy) to simulate estrogen deficiency, and some sheep were also treated with glucocorticoids. The results showed that expression of the gene klotho in the kidney had the most marked difference in ovariectomized sheep treated with glucocorticoids for 2 months followed by a recovery period of 3 months. Klotho is known as the “anti-aging” hormone and is an important regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It may therefore be involved in the recovery of bone mineral density seen in ovariectomized sheep treated with glucocorticoids for 2 months followed by euthanasia at 5 months. As such, it could be an important treatment target for osteoporosis in humans. Abstract Osteoporosis is a significant public health issue around the world, with post-menopausal osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency resulting in approximately ¾ of cases. In this study, 18 aged Merino ewes were ovariectomized, and 10 were controls. Three of the ovariectomized ewes were treated weekly with 400 mg of methylprednisolone for 5 months and three were treated weekly for 2 months, followed by a 3-month recovery period. At 2 months, five control animals and six ovariectomized animals were euthanized. At 5 months, all the remaining ewes were euthanized. Kidney samples were collected postmortem for qPCR analysis of NPT1, PTH1R, NPT2a, NPT2c, Klotho, FGFR1IIIc, VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1, TRPV5, TRPV6, CalD9k, CalD28k, PMCA and NCX1. Ovariectomized sheep had significantly greater VDR expression compared with other groups. Ovariectomized sheep treated with glucocorticoids for 2 months followed by euthanasia at 5 months showed significant differences in TRPV5, CYP24A1 and klotho gene expression compared to other groups. Differences in klotho expression were most marked after adjustment for repeated measures (p = 0.1). Klotho is known as the “anti-aging” hormone and is involved in calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Klotho may be involved in the recovery of bone mineral density in ovariectomized sheep treated with glucocorticoids for 2 months followed by euthanasia at 5 months. Further research on the role of klotho is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren E. Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jonathan C. Marshall
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Diana Cabrera
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (D.C.); (F.M.W.)
| | - Frances M. Wolber
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (D.C.); (F.M.W.)
| | - Marlena Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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12
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Rony L, Aguado E, Verlee B, Pascaretti-Grizon F, Chappard D. Microarchitecture of titanium cylinders obtained by additive manufacturing does not influence osseointegration in the sheep. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab021. [PMID: 34188953 PMCID: PMC8226111 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects are a challenge for orthopedic surgery. Natural (bone grafts) and synthetic biomaterials have been proposed but several problems arise such as biomechanical resistance or viral/bacterial safety. The use of metallic foams could be a solution to improve mechanical resistance and promote osseointegration of large porous metal devices. Titanium cylinders have been prepared by additive manufacturing (3D printing/rapid prototyping) with a geometric or trabecular microarchitecture. They were implanted in the femoral condyles of aged ewes; the animals were left in stabling for 90 and 270 days. A double calcein labeling was done before sacrifice; bones were analyzed by histomorphometry. Neither bone volume, bone/titanium interface nor mineralization rate were influenced by the cylinder's microarchitecture; the morphometric parameters did not significantly increase over time. Bone anchoring occurred on the margins of the cylinders and some trabeculae extended in the core of the cylinders but the amount of bone inside the cylinders remained low. The rigid titanium cylinders preserved bone cells from strains in the core of the cylinders. Additive manufacturing is an interesting tool to prepare 3D metallic scaffolds, but microarchitecture does not seem as crucial as expected and anchoring seems limited to the first millimeters of the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Rony
- GEROM-Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Eric Aguado
- GEROM-Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Bruno Verlee
- SIRRIS Liège Science Park, Rue du bois St Jean 12, Seraing 4102, Belgium
| | - Florence Pascaretti-Grizon
- GEROM-Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM-Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, LabCom NextBone, Univ-Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, 49933 Angers, France
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13
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Ko SY, Hong JY, Lee W, Chang YY, Park KB, Yun JH. Osteoconductivity of Porous Titanium Structure on Implants in Osteoporosis. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1178-1185. [PMID: 34235985 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211023724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In compromised bone conditions such as osteoporosis, developments of the implant surface are necessary to secure the stability of implants. This study investigated the effect of the surface porous titanium structure (PS) on the osseointegration of implants in osteoporotic bone. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in 4 female beagle dogs to induce osteoporosis for 32 wk. Success of induction was based on the evaluation of bone mineral density by Hounsfield units (HU) in computed tomography images. Posterior teeth in both mandibles were extracted 1 wk after OVX, and a total of 30 implants (15 implants in each group) were placed after 32 wk of osteoporosis induction. The control group implant underwent resorbable blast media (RBM) surface treatment, whereas the test group underwent RBM surface treatment in the coronal two-thirds and a PS added to the apical 3-mm portion. HU values in the mandibular trabecular bone, lumbar, and femoral head significantly decreased 32 wk after OVX, confirming osteoporotic condition after induction. Resonance frequency analysis and removal torque test showed comparable values between the 2 groups at 4 wk after implant placement. The surface topography of the implant after removal showed hard tissue integration at the PS in the test group. Bone-to-implant contact length was greater in the apical portion of the test group, although statistical significance was not found between the groups. Interthread bone area in the apical portion of the test group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (control: 0.059 ± 0.041 mm2, test: 0.121 ± 0.060 mm2, P = 0.028) with the histological feature of bone ingrowth at the PS. The findings of the study demonstrated that the surface PS could improve osteoconductivity in the osteoporotic trabecular bone by bone ingrowth at the pore space, thereby enhancing the osseointegration and stability of the implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Lee
- Advanced Process and Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Y Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Inha International Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Park
- MIR Dental Hospital and MegaGen, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yun
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Large Animal Model of Osteoporotic Defect Healing: An Alternative to Metaphyseal Defect Model. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030254. [PMID: 33808560 PMCID: PMC8003467 DOI: 10.3390/life11030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disorder diagnosed by lower bone density and higher risk of fracture. Fragility fractures because of osteoporosis are associated with high mortality rate. Deep understanding of fracture healing in osteoporosis is important for successful treatment. Therefore, the FDA approved the use of small and large animal models for preclinical testing. This study investigated the clinical relevance of a fracture defect model in the iliac crest of the osteoporotic sheep model and its several advantages over other models. The osteoporosis was achieved using ovariectomy (OVX) in combination with diet deficiency (OVXD) and steroid administration (OVXDS). Fluorochrome was injected to examine the rate of bone remodelling and bone mineralization. The defect areas were collected and embedded in paraffin and polymethyl metha acrylate (PMMA) for histological staining. OVXDS showed significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at all time points. Furthermore, variations in healing patterns were noticed, while the control, OVX and OVXD showed complete healing after 8 months. Bone quality was affected mostly in the OVXDS group showing irregular trabecular network, lower cortical bone thickness and higher cartilaginous tissue at 8 months. The mineral deposition rate showed a declining pattern in the control, OVX, and OVXD from 5 months to 8 months. One the contrary, the OVXDS group showed an incremental pattern from 5 months to 8 months. The defect zone in osteoporotic animals showed impaired healing and the control showed complete healing after 8 months. This unique established model serves as a dual-purpose model and has several advantages: no intraoperative and postoperative complications, no need for fixation methods for biomaterial testing, and reduction in animal numbers, which comply with 3R principles by using the same animal at two different time points.
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15
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Maenz S, Brinkmann O, Hasenbein I, Braun C, Kunisch E, Horbert V, Gunnella F, Sachse A, Bischoff S, Schubert H, Jandt KD, Bossert J, Driesch D, Kinne RW, Bungartz M. The old sheep: a convenient and suitable model for senile osteopenia. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:620-630. [PMID: 32296985 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing osteoporosis models in sheep exhibit some disadvantages, e.g., challenging surgical procedures, serious ethical concerns, failure of reliable induction of substantial bone loss, or lack of comparability to the human condition. This study aimed to compare bone morphological and mechanical properties of old and young sheep, and to evaluate the suitability of the old sheep as a model for senile osteopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lumbar vertebral body L3 of female merino sheep with two age ranges, i.e., old animals (6-10 years; n = 41) and young animals (2-4 years; n = 40), was analyzed concerning its morphological and mechanical properties by bone densitometry, quantitative histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing of the corticalis and/or central spongious region. RESULTS In comparison with young sheep, old animals showed only marginally diminished bone mineral density of the vertebral bodies, but significantly decreased structural (bone volume, - 15.1%; ventral cortical thickness, - 11.8%; lateral cortical thickness, - 12.2%) and bone formation parameters (osteoid volume, osteoid surface, osteoid thickness, osteoblast surface, all - 100.0%), as well as significantly increased bone erosion (eroded surface, osteoclast surface). This resulted in numerically decreased biomechanical properties (compressive strength; - 6.4%). CONCLUSION Old sheep may represent a suitable model of senile osteopenia with markedly diminished bone structure and formation, and substantially augmented bone erosion. The underlying physiological aging concept reduces challenging surgical procedures and ethical concerns and, due to complex alteration of different facets of bone turnover, may be well representative of the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Maenz
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Brinkmann
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Eisenberg, Germany
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Ines Hasenbein
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Christina Braun
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Horbert
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Gunnella
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - André Sachse
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bischoff
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Schubert
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Bossert
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Bungartz
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Eisenberg, Germany
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
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16
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de Lacerda Schickert S, van den Beucken JJ, Leeuwenburgh SC, Jansen JA. Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Biological Bone Substitute Materials for Application in Highly Loaded Skeletal Sites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E883. [PMID: 32526829 PMCID: PMC7356650 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bone substitute materials (BSMs) intended for load-bearing bone defects is highly complicated, as biological and mechanical requirements are often contradictory. In recent years, biological BSMs have been developed which allow for a more efficient integration of the material with the surrounding osseous environment and, hence, a higher mechanical stability of the treated defect. However, while these materials are promising, they are still far from ideal. Consequently, extensive preclinical experimentation is still required. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of biomechanical considerations relevant for the design of biological BSMs. Further, the preclinical evaluation of biological BSMs intended for application in highly loaded skeletal sites is discussed. The selected animal models and implantation site should mimic the pathophysiology and biomechanical loading patterns of human bone as closely as possible. In general, sheep are among the most frequently selected animal models for the evaluation of biomaterials intended for highly loaded skeletal sites. Regarding the anatomical sites, segmental bone defects created in the limbs and spinal column are suggested as the most suitable. Furthermore, the outcome measurements used to assess biological BSMs for regeneration of defects in heavily loaded bone should be relevant and straightforward. The quantitative evaluation of bone defect healing through ex vivo biomechanical tests is a valuable addition to conventional in vivo tests, as it determines the functional efficacy of BSM-induced bone healing. Finally, we conclude that further standardization of preclinical studies is essential for reliable evaluation of biological BSMs in highly loaded skeletal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.d.L.S.); (J.J.J.P.v.d.B.); (S.C.G.L.)
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17
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Müller R, Henss A, Kampschulte M, Rohnke M, Langheinrich AC, Heiss C, Janek J, Voigt A, Wilke HJ, Ignatius A, Herfurth J, El Khassawna T, Deutsch A. Analysis of microscopic bone properties in an osteoporotic sheep model: a combined biomechanics, FE and ToF-SIMS study. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180793. [PMID: 30958193 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study deals with the characterization of bone quality in a sheep model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Sheep were sham operated ( n = 7), ovariectomized ( n = 6), ovariectomized and treated with deficient diet ( n = 8) or ovariectomized, treated with deficient diet and glucocorticoid injections ( n = 7). The focus of the study is on the microscopic properties at tissue level. Microscopic mechanical properties of osteoporotic bone were evaluated by a combination of biomechanical testing and mathematical modelling. Sample stiffness and strength were determined by compression tests and finite-element analysis of stress states was conducted. From this, an averaged microscopic Young's modulus at tissue level was determined. Trabecular structure as well as mineral and collagen distribution in samples of sheep vertebrae were analysed by micro-computed tomography and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. In the osteoporotic sheep model, a disturbed fibril structure in the triple treated group was observed, but bone loss only occurred in form of reduced trabecular number and thickness and cortical decline, while quality of the residual bone was preserved. The preserved bone tissue properties in the osteoporotic sheep model allowed for an estimation of bone strength which behaves similar to the human case.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Müller
- 1 Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing , TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - A Henss
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - M Kampschulte
- 4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - M Rohnke
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - A C Langheinrich
- 6 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital , 60389 Frankfurt/Main , Germany
| | - C Heiss
- 3 Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany.,5 Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg , Giessen , Germany
| | - J Janek
- 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - A Voigt
- 8 Institute of Scientific Computing , TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - H J Wilke
- 7 Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University-Medical Centre , Ulm , Germany
| | - A Ignatius
- 7 Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University-Medical Centre , Ulm , Germany
| | - J Herfurth
- 3 Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - T El Khassawna
- 3 Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - A Deutsch
- 1 Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing , TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden , Germany
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Suva LJ, Westhusin ME, Long CR, Gaddy D. Engineering bone phenotypes in domestic animals: Unique resources for enhancing musculoskeletal research. Bone 2020; 130:115119. [PMID: 31712131 PMCID: PMC8805042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College Station, TX, 77843, United States.
| | - Mark E Westhusin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Charles R Long
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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19
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Davison MR, Lyardet L, Preliasco M, Yaful G, Torres P, Bonanno MS, Pellegrini GG, Zeni SN. Aminobisphosphonate-treated ewes as a model of osteonecrosis of the jaw and of dental implant failure. J Periodontol 2019; 91:628-637. [PMID: 31755105 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and dental implant failure are two negative side effects of chronic aminoBP treatment. METHODS Eleven ovariectomized (OVX) ewes and four ewes subjected to sham surgery (SHAM) were treated as follows: OVX (n = 5): OVX plus saline solution; zoledronic acid-treated group (ZOL) (n = 6): OVX plus ZOL; SHAM (n = 4): SHAM plus saline solution. Extraction of the first upper molar was performed at 1 year, dental implant placement at 2 years, and sacrifice at 28 months. RESULTS Implants remained in place in SHAM and OVX ewes but were lost in all ZOL ewes. ZOL sheep (2/6) showed inflammation and necrotic bone at mandibular region. No differences in serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D were observed, whereas bone alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in the three studied groups (P < 0.05). The significantly lowest levels of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were observed in ZOL (P < 0.05), and showed no differences between SHAM and OVX. OVX showed the lowest and ZOL the highest Ca and Pi contents in femur and maxilla (P < 0.05). Bone volume (BV/TV%) and iliac crest were similar at baseline and at month 4. At the end of the study, BV/TV%, proximal femur and hemi-mandible bone mineral content and bone mineral density, and trabeculae number were similar in SHAM and ZOL, and lower in OVX (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION All ZOL-treated ewes on a schedule similar to that used in cancer patients showed extensive suppression of bone remodeling and implant failure. Some of the ZOL ewes developed BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Davison
- School of Dentistry, Rio Negro National University, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Lyardet
- School of Dentistry, Rio Negro National University, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Mariana Preliasco
- School of Dentistry, Rio Negro National University, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Graciela Yaful
- Veterinary Sciences, Rio Negro National University, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Perla Torres
- Veterinary Sciences, Rio Negro National University, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marina S Bonanno
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET)/Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gretel G Pellegrini
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET)/Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana N Zeni
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín", National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET)/Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Ficek K, Rajca J, Stolarz M, Stodolak-Zych E, Wieczorek J, Muzalewska M, Wyleżoł M, Wróbel Z, Binkowski M, Błażewicz S. Bioresorbable Stent in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121961. [PMID: 31795412 PMCID: PMC6960761 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact causes of failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are still unknown. A key to successful ACL reconstruction is the prevention of bone tunnel enlargement (BTE). In this study, a new strategy to improve the outcome of ACL reconstruction was analyzed using a bioresorbable polylactide (PLA) stent as a catalyst for the healing process. The study included 24 sheep with 12 months of age. The animals were randomized to the PLA group (n = 16) and control group (n = 8), subjected to the ACL reconstruction with and without the implantation of the PLA tube, respectively. The sheep were sacrificed 6 or 12 weeks post-procedure, and their knee joints were evaluated by X-ray microcomputed tomography with a 50 μm resolution. While the analysis of tibial and femoral tunnel diameters and volumes demonstrated the presence of BTE in both groups, the enlargement was less evident in the PLA group. Also, the microstructural parameters of the bone adjacent to the tunnels tended to be better in the PLA group. This suggested that the implantation of a bioresorbable PLA tube might facilitate osteointegration of the tendon graft after the ACL reconstruction. The beneficial effects of the stent were likely associated with osteogenic and osteoconductive properties of polylactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ficek
- Department of Science, Innovation and Development, Galen-Orthopaedics, 43-150 Bierun, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Rajca
- Department of Science, Innovation and Development, Galen-Orthopaedics, 43-150 Bierun, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Stolarz
- Department of Science, Innovation and Development, Galen-Orthopaedics, 43-150 Bierun, Poland; (K.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, City Hospital in Zabrze, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ewa Stodolak-Zych
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (E.S.-Z.); (S.B.)
| | - Jarosław Wieczorek
- University Center of Veterinary Medicine UJ-UR, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Muzalewska
- Institute of Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Marek Wyleżoł
- Institute of Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.M.); (M.W.)
| | - Zygmunt Wróbel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Marcin Binkowski
- X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Computer Biomedical Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Materials Science, University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Błażewicz
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (E.S.-Z.); (S.B.)
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21
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Rony L, Aguado E, Pascaretti-Grizon F, Hubert L, Chappard D. Hyaluronic Acid Stimulates Osseointegration of β-TCP in Young and Old Ewes. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:487-496. [PMID: 31321456 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HyAR) increases the local concentration of growth factors. We compared β-TCP osseointegration in old and young ewes with/without HyAR addition. A blind tunnel was drilled on the medial femoral condyle of each knee in nine young and nine old ewes and was filled with β-TCP, β-TCP + HyAR or left unfilled. Double labeling with calcein allowed histodynamic analysis. Ewes were sacrificed at 84 days and the knees were harvested. MicroCT provided histomorphometric parameters: trabecular bone volume, residual volume of biomaterial. Histodynamic parameters were: mineralization rate, mineralized surfaces, bone formation rate. A non-parametric ANOVA and post hoc test analyzed differences between subgroups. Osseointegration of β-TCP was similar in the aged/young grafted groups. Trabecular bone volume was significantly increased versus ungrafted animals (p < 0.001). There were no significant difference for bone volume, residual volume of biomaterial and histodynamic parameters when a single parameter was considered but additional effects of β-TCP and HyAR were evidenced by 3D analysis. Addition of HyAR to ß-TCP does not significantly increase bone volume but tends to increase histodynamic parameters. However, considering the reduction of osteoblastic activity in aged animals, β-TCP, and HyAR boosts osteoblastic activity. HyAR leads to an equivalent response between young and old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rony
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et BioMatériaux, GEROM- LabCom NextBone, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, SFR 42-08, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, CHU d'Angers, 49033, Angers Cédex, France
| | - E Aguado
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et BioMatériaux, GEROM- LabCom NextBone, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, SFR 42-08, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
- ONIRIS, Ecole Vétérinaire de Nantes, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - F Pascaretti-Grizon
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et BioMatériaux, GEROM- LabCom NextBone, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, SFR 42-08, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
| | - L Hubert
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et BioMatériaux, GEROM- LabCom NextBone, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, SFR 42-08, 49933, Angers Cedex, France
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, CHU d'Angers, 49033, Angers Cédex, France
| | - D Chappard
- Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et BioMatériaux, GEROM- LabCom NextBone, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, SFR 42-08, 49933, Angers Cedex, France.
- Département de Chirurgie Osseuse, CHU d'Angers, 49033, Angers Cédex, France.
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22
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Zebaze R, Osima M, Bui M, Lukic M, Wang X, Ghasem-Zadeh A, Eriksen EF, Vais A, Shore-Lorenti C, Ebeling PR, Seeman E, Bjørnerem Å. Adding Marrow Adiposity and Cortical Porosity to Femoral Neck Areal Bone Mineral Density Improves the Discrimination of Women With Nonvertebral Fractures From Controls. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1451-1460. [PMID: 30883870 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is accompanied by a reduction in bone formation and remodeling imbalance, which produces microstructural deterioration. This may be partly caused by a diversion of mesenchymal cells towards adipocytes rather than osteoblast lineage cells. We hypothesized that microstructural deterioration would be associated with an increased marrow adiposity, and each of these traits would be independently associated with nonvertebral fractures and improve discrimination of women with fractures from controls over that achieved by femoral neck (FN) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) alone. The marrow adiposity and bone microstructure were quantified from HR-pQCT images of the distal tibia and distal radius in 77 women aged 40 to 70 years with a recent nonvertebral fracture and 226 controls in Melbourne, Australia. Marrow fat measurement from HR-pQCT images was validated using direct histologic measurement as the gold standard, at the distal radius of 15 sheep, with an agreement (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.0001). Each SD higher distal tibia marrow adiposity was associated with 0.33 SD higher cortical porosity, and 0.60 SD fewer, 0.24 SD thinner, and 0.72 SD more-separated trabeculae (all p < 0.05). Adjusted for age and FN aBMD, odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) for fracture per SD higher marrow adiposity and cortical porosity were OR, 3.39 (95% CI, 2.14 to 5.38) and OR, 1.79 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.80), respectively. Discrimination of women with fracture from controls improved when cortical porosity was added to FN aBMD and age (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.778 versus 0.751, p = 0.006) or marrow adiposity was added to FN aBMD and age (AUC 0.825 versus 0.751, p = 0.002). The model including FN aBMD, age, cortical porosity, trabecular thickness, and marrow adiposity had an AUC = 0.888. Results were similar for the distal radius. Whether marrow adiposity and cortical porosity indices improve the identification of women at risk for fractures requires validation in prospective studies. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Zebaze
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marit Osima
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Minh Bui
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ali Ghasem-Zadeh
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erik F Eriksen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela Vais
- Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Shore-Lorenti
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ego Seeman
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Åshild Bjørnerem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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23
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Ding M, Koroma KE, Sorensen JR, Sandri M, Tampieri A, Jespersen SM, Overgaard S. Collagen-hydroxyapatite composite substitute and bone marrow nuclear cells on posterolateral spine fusion in sheep. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:365-374. [PMID: 31109260 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219851315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- 1 Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kariatta Esther Koroma
- 1 Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Roed Sorensen
- 1 Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Monica Sandri
- 2 Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- 2 Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Stig M Jespersen
- 1 Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Overgaard
- 1 Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Williams DK, Pinzón C, Huggins S, Pryor JH, Falck A, Herman F, Oldeschulte J, Chavez MB, Foster BL, White SH, Westhusin ME, Suva LJ, Long CR, Gaddy D. Genetic engineering a large animal model of human hypophosphatasia in sheep. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16945. [PMID: 30446691 PMCID: PMC6240114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of tools to accurately replicate the clinical phenotype of rare human diseases is a key step toward improved understanding of disease progression and the development of more effective therapeutics. We successfully generated the first large animal model of a rare human bone disease, hypophosphatasia (HPP) using CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a single point mutation in the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene (ALPL) (1077 C > G) in sheep. HPP is a rare inherited disorder of mineral metabolism that affects bone and tooth development, and is associated with muscle weakness. Compared to wild-type (WT) controls, HPP sheep have reduced serum alkaline phosphatase activity, decreased tail vertebral bone size, and metaphyseal flaring, consistent with the mineralization deficits observed in human HPP patients. Computed tomography revealed short roots and thin dentin in incisors, and reduced mandibular bone in HPP vs. WT sheep, accurately replicating odonto-HPP. Skeletal muscle biopsies revealed aberrant fiber size and disorganized mitochondrial cristae structure in HPP vs. WT sheep. These genetically engineered sheep accurately phenocopy human HPP and provide a novel large animal platform for the longitudinal study of HPP progression, as well as other rare human bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarra K Williams
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carlos Pinzón
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shannon Huggins
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jane H Pryor
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Alyssa Falck
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Forrest Herman
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - James Oldeschulte
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarah H White
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mark E Westhusin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Charles R Long
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Stocchero M, Toia M, Jinno Y, Cecchinato F, Becktor JP, Naito Y, Halldin A, Jimbo R. Influence of different drilling preparation on cortical bone: A biomechanical, histological, and micro-CT study on sheep. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29:707-715. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Stocchero
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Marco Toia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Yohei Jinno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | | | - Jonas P. Becktor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Yoshihito Naito
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Oral Science; Tokushima University; Tokushima Japan
| | | | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
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26
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Dias IR, Camassa JA, Bordelo JA, Babo PS, Viegas CA, Dourado N, Reis RL, Gomes ME. Preclinical and Translational Studies in Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goat) as Models for Osteoporosis Research. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:182-197. [PMID: 29460175 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes research on the use of sheep and goats as large animal models of human osteoporosis for preclinical and translational studies. RECENT FINDINGS The most frequent osteoporotic sheep model used is the ovariectomized sheep with 12 months post-operatively or more and the combined treatment of ovariectomized sheep associated to calcium/vitamin D-deficient diet and glucocorticoid applications for 6 months, but other methods are also described, like pinealectomy or hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection in ovariectomized sheep. The goat model for osteoporosis research has been used in a very limited number of studies in osteoporosis research relative to sheep. These osteoporotic small ruminant models are applied for biomaterial research, bone augmentation, efficacy of implant fixation, fragility fracture-healing process improvement, or bone-defect repair studies in the osteopenic or osteoporotic bone. Sheep are a recognized large animal model for preclinical and translational studies in osteoporosis research and the goat to a lesser extent. Recently, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying induction of osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-treated ovariectomized aged sheep was clarified, being similar to what occurs in postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It was also concluded that the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand was stimulated in the late progressive phase of the osteoporosis induced by steroids in sheep. The knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels of the induction of osteoporosis in small ruminants, if identical to humans, will allow in the future, the use of these animal models with greater confidence in the preclinical and translational studies for osteoporosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
| | - José A Camassa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João A Bordelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Babo
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Dourado
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4804-533, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark-Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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The GDF5 mutant BB-1 enhances the bone formation induced by an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia. Spine J 2018; 18:357-369. [PMID: 29031993 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Targeted delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (eg, GDF5) in bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC), potentially suitable for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, may be required to counteract augmented local bone catabolism and to support complete bone regeneration. The biologically optimized GDF5 mutant BB-1 may represent an attractive drug candidate for this purpose. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to test an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming CPC containing low-dose BB-1 in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep and were filled with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of BB-1 (L5; CPC+fibers+BB-1; 5, 100, and 500 µg BB-1; n=6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months after the operation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±BB-1) were analyzed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) (assessed by micro-CT and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular number (Tb.N); (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume (OV/BV), osteoid surface/bone surface (OS/BS), osteoid thickness, mineralizing surface/bone surface (MS/BS), mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS Compared with untouched controls (L1), CPC+fibers (L4) and/or CPC+fibers+BB-1 (L5) significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These effects were observed at 3 and 9 months, but were less pronounced for some parameters at 9 months. Compared with CPC without BB-1, additional significant effects of BB-1 were demonstrated for BMD, bone structure (BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N), and bone formation (OS/BS and MS/BS). The BB-1 effects on bone formation at 3 and 9 months were dose dependent, with 100 µg as the potentially optimal dosage. CONCLUSIONS BB-1 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. A single local dose as low as 100 µg BB-1 was sufficient to augment middle- to long-term bone formation. A CPC containing the novel GDF5 mutant BB-1 may thus represent an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff polymethylmethacrylate cement presently used to treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures by vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.
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Borsari V, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Rimondini L, Chiesa R, Chiusoli L, Giardino R. Sandblasted Titanium Osteointegration in Young, Aged and Ovariectomized Sheep. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 30:163-72. [PMID: 17377911 DOI: 10.1177/039139880703000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate how aging and estrogen deficiency influence the success rate of Sandblasted Titanium (Ti/SA) implants, the osteointegration of Ti/SA rods was studied in the cortical and trabecular bone of 5 young, 5 aged and 5 ovariectomized (OVX) sheep. The characterization of the host bone by transiliac biopsies of the iliac crest showed a progressive rarefaction of trabecular bone in aged and OVX animals when compared to young ones. A significant reduction, both in cortical and trabecular bone, of the osteointegration rate of Ti/SA rods in the presence of estrogen deficiency compared to young animals was observed, while only a minor reduction was observed in aged animals. These results were confirmed by the pushout test in cortical bone. Bone quality affected the biological response of bone to Ti/SA implants in both trabecular and cortical bone; consequently, strategies to maximize the bone osteogenic properties of osteoporotic patients should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Borsari
- Experimental Surgery Department, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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29
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GDF5 significantly augments the bone formation induced by an injectable, PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia. Spine J 2017. [PMID: 28642196 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Biodegradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) represents a promising option for the surgical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Because of augmented local bone catabolism, however, additional targeted delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins with the CPC may be needed to promote rapid and complete bone regeneration. PURPOSE In the present study, an injectable, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement (CPC) containing the bone morphogenetic protein GDF5 was tested in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Defined bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were placed in aged, osteopenic female sheep. Defects were treated with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of GDF5 (L5; CPC+fibers+GDF5; 1, 5, 100, and 500 µg GDF5; n=5 or 6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months postoperation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±GDF5) were assessed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness, and trabecular number; (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume, osteoid surface/bone surface, osteoid thickness, mineralized surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS Compared with untouched controls (L1), both CPC+fibers (L4) and CPC+fibers+GDF5 (L5) numerically or significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These significant effects were observed both at 3 and 9 months, but for some parameters they were less pronounced at 9 months. Compared with CPC without GDF5, additional significant effects of CPC with GDF5 were demonstrated for BMD and parameters of bone formation and structure (bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, as well as mineralized surface/bone surface). The GDF5 effects were dose-dependent (predominantly in the 5-100 µg range) at 3 and 9 months. CONCLUSIONS GDF5 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. The results indicated that a local dose as low as ≤100 µg GDF5 may be sufficient to augment middle to long-term bone formation. The novel CPC+GDF5 combination may thus qualify as an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff poly(methyl methacrylate) cement currently applied for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
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Gunnella F, Kunisch E, Bungartz M, Maenz S, Horbert V, Xin L, Mika J, Borowski J, Bischoff S, Schubert H, Hortschansky P, Sachse A, Illerhaus B, Günster J, Bossert J, Jandt KD, Plöger F, Kinne RW, Brinkmann O. Low-dose BMP-2 is sufficient to enhance the bone formation induced by an injectable, PLGA fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement in a sheep defect model of lumbar osteopenia. Spine J 2017; 17:1699-1711. [PMID: 28619686 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) may be suitable for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. However, additional targeted delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the CPC may be required to counteract the augmented local bone catabolism and support complete bone regeneration. PURPOSE This study aimed at testing an injectable, poly (l-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming cement (CPC) containing low-dose bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 in a sheep lumbar osteopenia model. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Bone defects (diameter 5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep and filled with fiber-reinforced CPC alone (L4; CPC+fibers) or with CPC containing different dosages of BMP-2 (L5; CPC+fibers+BMP-2; 1, 5, 100, and 500 µg BMP-2; n=5 or 6 each). The results were compared with those of untouched controls (L1). Three and 9 months after the operation, structural and functional effects of the CPC (±BMP-2) were analyzed ex vivo by measuring (1) bone mineral density (BMD); (2) bone structure, that is, bone volume/total volume (assessed by micro-computed tomography [micro-CT] and histomorphometry), trabecular thickness, and trabecular number; (3) bone formation, that is, osteoid volume/bone volume, osteoid surface/bone surface, osteoid thickness, mineralizing surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate/bone surface; (4) bone resorption, that is, eroded surface/bone surface; and (5) compressive strength. RESULTS Compared with untouched controls (L1), CPC+fibers (L4) and/or CPC+fibers+BMP-2 (L5) significantly improved all parameters of bone formation, bone resorption, and bone structure. These effects were observed at 3 and 9 months, but were less pronounced for some parameters at 9 months. Compared with CPC without BMP-2, additional significant effects of BMP-2 were demonstrated for bone structure (bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number) and formation (osteoid surface/bone surface and mineralizing surface/bone surface), as well as for the compressive strength. The BMP-2 effects on bone formation at 3 and 9 months were dose-dependent, with 5-100 µg as the optimal dosage. CONCLUSIONS BMP-2 significantly enhanced the bone formation induced by a PLGA fiber-reinforced CPC in sheep lumbar osteopenia. A single local dose as low as ≤100 µg BMP-2 was sufficient to augment middle to long-term bone formation. The novel CPC+BMP-2 may thus represent an alternative to the bioinert, supraphysiologically stiff polymethylmethacrylate cement presently used to treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures by vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gunnella
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bungartz
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany; Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Maenz
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Victoria Horbert
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Long Xin
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Mika
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Borowski
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bischoff
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Straße 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Schubert
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Straße 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hortschansky
- Leibniz-Institute for Natural Products Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knoell-Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andre Sachse
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Illerhaus
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Straße 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Günster
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203 Berlin; Germany
| | - Jörg Bossert
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Plöger
- BIOPHARM GmbH, Handelsstrasse 15, 69214 Eppelheim, Germany
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Brinkmann
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany; Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str. 81, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany
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Ayyappan S, Niveditha B, Breur GJ. Determination of baseline bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in Suffolk-Dorset hybrid ewes. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:41-46. [PMID: 30255047 PMCID: PMC6137841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has the ability to rapidly and non-invasively measure bone mineral density and is the most widely accepted method for quantitative assessment of bone mineral status in vivo. There is scarce information available on the baseline bone mineral density (BMD) values in adult intact Suffolk Dorset ewes (5-7 years), a frequently used animal model for the study of post-menopausal osteoporosis. The objective of the present study was to determine the baseline bone mineral density values in 26 adult intact Suffolk-Dorset hybrid ewes using a Lunar Prodigy DPX x-ray bone densitometer. The DEXA scans of the femur, lumbar spine (L3-L6) and calcaneus were obtained. Because of the low variability between the scans for the lumbar vertebrae and calcaneus in the first two animals, only two scans were obtained for the remaining animals of the study. The femoral scans were rejected due to high variability between the scans. The BMD was calculated using the standard GE antero-posterior human spine acquisition software. The bone mineral densities of regions of interest (ROIs) were compared by the Bonferroni significant difference technique. The results of the study demonstrated that the BMD progressively reduced from L3 to L6 and a strong correlation was found between the BMD values for the ROIs from L3 to L6. The present study provided a precise and rapid method for measuring the BMD of the lumbar spine in Suffolk-Dorset breed of sheep and recorded reference values in adult sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburamanujam Ayyappan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, United States
| | - Bharathi Niveditha
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai 7, India
| | - Gert J Breur
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, IN 47907, United States
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Szabelska A, Tatara MR, Krupski W. Morphological, densitometric and mechanical properties of mandible in 5-month-old Polish Merino sheep. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:12. [PMID: 28056959 PMCID: PMC5217452 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among bones building the axial and appendicular skeleton, the mandible is characterized by unique morphological and functional traits. The aim of the study was to evaluate morphological, densitometric and mechanical properties of mandible in 5-month-old Polish Merino sheep. Using quantitative computed tomography, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and calcium hydroxyapatite density of the cortical bone (CbCa-HA), mean vBMD (MvBMD) and total bone volume were determined. Using computed tomography cross-sectional scans of the mandible, cross-sectional area, second moment of inertia, mean relative wall thickness and cortical index were determined. Three-point bending test was applied to determine mechanical properties. Serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was also measured. RESULTS All the investigated morphometric, densitometric and mechanical parameters of the right and left mandibular halves were not significantly different (P > 0.05). There was no correlation of final body weight, MvBMD, CbCa-HA, BAP and IGF-I with all the analyzed parameters of mandible (P > 0.05). However, positive correlations between the other investigated morphometric, densitometric and mechanical parameter of mandible were found (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Relationships between morphological, densitometric and mechanical parameters of the mandible indicate that the elaborated experimental model may serve for further studies on metabolic responses of skeletal system to physiological, nutritional, pharmacological, toxicological and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szabelska
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University in Lublin, ul. Karmelicka 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin R. Tatara
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Krupski
- II Department of Radiology, Medical University in Lublin, ul. Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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Bungartz M, Maenz S, Kunisch E, Horbert V, Xin L, Gunnella F, Mika J, Borowski J, Bischoff S, Schubert H, Sachse A, Illerhaus B, Günster J, Bossert J, Jandt KD, Kinne RW, Brinkmann O. First-time systematic postoperative clinical assessment of a minimally invasive approach for lumbar ventrolateral vertebroplasty in the large animal model sheep. Spine J 2016; 16:1263-1275. [PMID: 27345746 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Large animal models are highly recommended for meaningful preclinical studies, including the optimization of cement augmentation for vertebral body defects by vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic characterization of a strictly minimally invasive in vivo large animal model for lumbar ventrolateral vertebroplasty. STUDY DESIGN/ SETTING This is a prospective experimental animal study. METHODS Lumbar defects (diameter 5 mm; depth approximately 14 mm) were created by a ventrolateral percutaneous approach in aged, osteopenic, female sheep (40 Merino sheep; 6-9 years; 68-110 kg). L1 remained untouched, L2 was left with an empty defect, and L3 carried a defect injected with a brushite-forming calcium phosphate cement (CPC). Trauma/functional impairment, surgical techniques (including drill sleeve and working canula with stop), reproducibility, bone defects, cement filling, and functional cement augmentation were documented by intraoperative incision-to-suture time and X-ray, postoperative trauma/impairment scores, and ex vivo osteodensitometry, microcomputed tomography (CT), histology, static/fluorescence histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Minimally invasive vertebroplasty resulted in short operation times (28±2 minutes; mean±standard error of the mean) and X-ray exposure (1.59±0.12 minutes), very limited local trauma (score 0.00±0.00 at 24 hours), short postoperative recovery (2.95±0.29 hours), and rapid decrease of the postoperative impairment score to 0 (3.28±0.36 hours). Reproducible defect creation and cement filling were documented by intraoperative X-ray and ex vivo conventional/micro-CT. Vertebral cement augmentation and osteoconductivity of the CPC was verified by osteodensitometry (CPC>control), micro-CT (CPC>control and empty defect), histology/static histomorphometry (CPC>control and empty defect), fluorescence histomorphometry (CPC>control; all p<.05 for 3 and 9 months), and compressive strength measurements (CPC numerically higher than control; 102% for 3 months and 110% for 9 months). CONCLUSIONS This first-time systematic clinical assessment of a minimally invasive, ventrolateral, lumbar vertebroplasty model in aged, osteopenic sheep resulted in short operation times, rapid postoperative recovery, and high experimental reproducibility. This model represents an optimal basis for standardized evaluation of future studies on vertebral augmentation with resorbable and osteoconductive CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bungartz
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle," Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany; Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Maenz
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Kunisch
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Horbert
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Long Xin
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Gunnella
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Mika
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Borowski
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Bischoff
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Str. 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Schubert
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences and Welfare, Jena University Hospital, Dornburger Str. 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andre Sachse
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle," Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Illerhaus
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Günster
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und - prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bossert
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, D-07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldstr. 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Brinkmann
- Chair of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle," Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany; Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Department of Orthopedics, Jena University Hospital, Waldkrankenhaus "Rudolf Elle", Klosterlausnitzer Str 81, D-07607 Eisenberg, Germany
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Diurnal variation in concentrations of various markers of bone metabolism in growing female goats and sheep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800058938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwelve 6-month-old growing female goats and sheep were used in this study. Blood samples were obtained in the morning before goats and sheep were given food and then at 2-h intervals for 24 h (part I). This procedure was repeated 2 weeks later (part II). Concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), activities of total (tAP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP), degradation products of C-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (CrossLaps™ CL), and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP) were measured in serum.In both parts of the study, all bone marker concentrations were significantly higher in goats than in sheep. The OC concentrations in goats increased in the late afternoon/evening and decreased thereafter to reach values similar to those obtained at the beginning. The ICTP concentrations in goats slowly decreased until 14:00 h, increased, and decreased again. The concentrations in sheep decreased continuously but not significantly, towards the morning sampling. The CL concentrations increased in both sheep and goats during the night but at 06:00 h started to decrease to levels found at the beginning of testing. The bAP activities decreased in goats from 20:00 to 22:00 h. Changes in the concentrations of bone markers were mainly observed in goats of this study. As documented for bone resorption and formation in other species, circadian rhythms were evident for concentrations of ICTP, CL, bAP and OC. The present study indicates that growing goats may have a physiologically higher bone turn-over than growing sheep, because the bone marker concentrations were always higher.
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James AW, Chiang M, Asatrian G, Shen J, Goyal R, Chung CG, Chang L, Shrestha S, Turner AS, Seim HB, Zhang X, Wu BM, Ting K, Soo C. Vertebral Implantation of NELL-1 Enhances Bone Formation in an Osteoporotic Sheep Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:840-9. [PMID: 27113550 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebral compression fractures related to osteoporosis greatly afflict the aging population. One of the most commonly used therapy today is balloon kyphoplasty. However, this treatment is far from ideal and is associated with significant side effects. NELL-1, an osteoinductive factor that possesses both pro-osteogenic and anti-osteoclastic properties, is a promising candidate for an alternative to current treatment modalities. This study utilizes the pro-osteogenic properties of recombinant human NELL-1 (rhNELL-1) in lumbar spine vertebral defect model in osteoporotic sheep. METHODS Osteoporosis was induced through ovariectomy, dietary depletion of calcium and vitamin D, and steroid administration. After osteoporotic induction, lumbar vertebral body defect creation was performed. Sheep were randomly implanted with the control vehicle, comprised of hyaluronic acid (HA) with hydroxyapatite-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), or the treatment material of rhNELL-1 protein lyophilized onto β-TCP mixed with HA. Analysis of lumbar spine defect healing was performed by radiographic, histologic, and computer-simulated biomechanical testing. RESULTS rhNELL-1 treatment significantly increased lumbar spine bone formation, as determined by bone mineral density, % bone volume, and mean cortical width as assessed by micro-computed tomography. Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in bone area and osteoblast number and decrease in osteoclast number around the implant site. Computer-simulated biomechanical analysis of trabecular bone demonstrated that rhNELL-1-treatment resulted in a significantly more stress-resistant composition. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest rhNELL-1-based vertebral implantation successfully improved cortical and cancellous bone regeneration in the lumbar spine of osteoporotic sheep. rhNELL-1-based bone graft substitutes represent a potential new local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W James
- 1 Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopedic Hospital , Los Angeles, California.,2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Chiang
- 2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Greg Asatrian
- 2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jia Shen
- 1 Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopedic Hospital , Los Angeles, California.,2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Raghav Goyal
- 2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Choon G Chung
- 2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Le Chang
- 1 Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopedic Hospital , Los Angeles, California.,2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swati Shrestha
- 1 Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopedic Hospital , Los Angeles, California.,2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Simon Turner
- 4 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Howard B Seim
- 4 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Xinli Zhang
- 1 Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopedic Hospital , Los Angeles, California.,2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- 5 Departments of Bioengineering and Material Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- 1 Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopedic Hospital , Los Angeles, California.,2 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chia Soo
- 1 Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopedic Hospital , Los Angeles, California.,6 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic systemic bone disease of growing relevance due to the on-going demographic change. Since the underlying regulatory mechanisms of this critical illness are still not fully understood and treatment options are not satisfactorily resolved, there is still a great need for osteoporosis research in general and animal models in particular. Ovariectomized rodents are standard animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis and highly attractive due to the possibility to specifically modify their genetic background. However, some aspects can only be addressed in large animal models; such as metaphyseal fracture healing and advancement of orthopedic implants. Among other large animal models sheep in particular have been proven invaluable for osteoporosis research in this context. In conclusion, today we are able to influence the bone metabolism in animals causing a more or less pronounced systemic bone loss and structural deterioration comparable to the situation found in patients suffering from osteoporosis. However, there is no perfect model for osteoporosis, but a variety of models appropriate for answering specific questions. Though, the appropriateness of an animal model is not only defined in regard to the similarity to human physiology and the disease itself, but also in regard to acquisition, housing requirements, handling, costs, and particularly ethical concerns and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pia Pogoda
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Andreasen CM, Ding M, Overgaard S, Bollen P, Andersen TL. A reversal phase arrest uncoupling the bone formation and resorption contributes to the bone loss in glucocorticoid treated ovariectomised aged sheep. Bone 2015; 75:32-9. [PMID: 25689083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Large animals as sheep are often used as models for human osteoporosis. Our aim was therefore to determine how glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomised sheep affects the cancellous bone, determining the cellular events within the bone remodelling process that contributes to their bone loss. Twenty female sheep were assigned for two groups; an untreated control group and an ovariectomised group treated with glucocorticoids (0.6 mg/kg/day, 5 times weekly) for 7 months. At 7 months the glucocorticoid-treated ovariectomised sheep showed a significant change in the bone microstructure revealed by a decreased trabecular bone volume and thickness compared to the control sheep. The treatment led to a temporary elevation of the bone resorption marker CTX (c-terminal collagen telopeptide), while the bone formation marker osteocalcin remained suppressed all 7 months. Histomorphometrically, the treated sheep had a complete absence of osteoid surfaces, and a 5-fold increase in the extent of eroded/reversal surfaces after 7 months. Most of these reversal surfaces were actually arrested reversal surfaces, defined as reversal surfaces without the presence of neighbouring osteoid surfaces or osteoclasts, which is classically observed next to active reversal surfaces. As in humans, these arrested reversal surfaces had compared to active reversal surfaces a reduced canopy coverage, a significantly decreased cell density, and a decreased immunoreactivity for the osteoblastic markers osterix, runx2 and smooth muscle actin in the mononuclear reversal cells colonising the surfaces. In conclusion, glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomised sheep induced a significant bone loss, caused by an arrest of the reversal phase, resulting in an uncoupling of the bone formation and resorption during the reversal phase, as recently demonstrated in postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. This supports the relevance of the sheep model to the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, making it a relevant preclinical model for orthopaedic implant and biomaterial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Andreasen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology O, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 15 ground floor, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology O, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 15 ground floor, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology O, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 15 ground floor, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Peter Bollen
- Biomedical Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 23, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology (KCB), Vejle Hospital - Lillebaelt Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark.
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Komori T. Animal models for osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:287-94. [PMID: 25814262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major types of osteoporosis in humans are postmenopausal osteoporosis, disuse osteoporosis, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis are generated by ovariectomy. Bone loss occurs in estrogen deficiency due to enhanced bone resorption and impaired osteoblast function. Estrogen receptor α induces osteoclast apoptosis, but the mechanism for impaired osteoblast function remains to be clarified. Animal models for unloading are generated by tail suspension or hind limb immobilization by sciatic neurectomy, tenotomy, or using plaster cast. Unloading inhibits bone formation and enhances bone resorption, and the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in it needs to be further investigated. The osteocyte network regulates bone mass by responding to mechanical stress. Osteoblast-specific BCL2 transgenic mice, in which the osteocyte network is completely disrupted, can be a mouse model for the evaluation of osteocyte functions. Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits bone formation and enhances bone resorption, and markedly reduces cancellous bone in humans and large animals, but not consistently in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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Nichols FR, Bachus KN. Comparison of in vitro techniques to controllably decrease bone mineral density of cancellous bone for biomechanical compressive testing. Med Eng Phys 2014; 36:774-8. [PMID: 24618026 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is not surprising that an orthopedic device used with poorly mineralized bone can have lower mechanical fixation strength than the same device with well-mineralized bone. As new devices are being designed and tested, it is important to develop a controllable technique to decrease the bone mineral density of bone in vitro, so the fixation strength of the devices can be better modeled. Several different bone demineralization techniques have been established, but some use caustic chemicals and comparisons of their rates of demineralization have not been performed. In this study, a total of 120 cancellous bone cores were excised from ovine vertebra, scanned using a pico dual energy X-ray absorptiometry system to determine bone mineral density, then placed into one of five solutions (0.9% saline, 0.5M hydrochloric acid, 0.5M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.5M formic acid, and 5% acetic acid). For each solution, 12 time periods ranging from 0 to 144h were investigated. After demineralization, all cores were rescanned and biomechanically loaded in compression to failure. Based on the rate of demineralization, the ease of use, the availability, and the correlation with the compressive bone strength, it was determined that the 5% acetic acid was the optimal demineralization solution to controllably decrease the bone mineral density of cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R Nichols
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, 590 Wakara Way, Suite A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Kent N Bachus
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, 590 Wakara Way, Suite A100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs, Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Sousa CP, de Azevedo JT, Reis RL, Gomes ME, Dias IR. Short-term variability in biomarkers of bone metabolism in sheep. Lab Anim (NY) 2013; 43:21-6. [DOI: 10.1038/laban.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptors in the urethra of sexually intact, ovariectomized, and estrogen-substituted ovariectomized sheep. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 25:657-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-013-2275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Oheim R, Beil FT, Krause M, Bindl R, Ignatius A, Pogoda P. Mandibular bone loss in ewe induced by hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:1239-1244. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - F. Timo Beil
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Matthias Krause
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ronny Bindl
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Pia Pogoda
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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Klein K, Zamparo E, Kronen PW, Kämpf K, Makara M, Steffen T, von Rechenberg B. Bone augmentation for cancellous bone- development of a new animal model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:200. [PMID: 23819858 PMCID: PMC3706338 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproducible and suitable animal models are required for in vivo experiments to investigate new biodegradable and osteoinductive biomaterials for augmentation of bones at risk for osteoporotic fractures. Sheep have especially been used as a model for the human spine due to their size and similar bone metabolism. However, although sheep and human vertebral bodies have similar biomechanical characteristics, the shape of the vertebral bodies, the size of the transverse processes, and the different orientation of the facet joints of sheep are quite different from those of humans making the surgical approach complicated and unpredictable. Therefore, an adequate and safe animal model for bone augmentation was developed using a standardized femoral and tibia augmentation site in sheep. METHODS The cancellous bone of the distal femur and proximal tibia were chosen as injection sites with the surgical approach via the medial aspects of the femoral condyle and proximal tibia metaphysis (n = 4 injection sites). For reproducible drilling and injection in a given direction and length, a custom-made c-shaped aiming device was designed. Exact positioning of the aiming device and needle positioning within the intertrabecular space of the intact bone could be validated in a predictable and standardized fashion using fluoroscopy. After sacrifice, bone cylinders (Ø 32 mm) were harvested throughout the tibia and femur by means of a diamond-coated core drill, which was especially developed to harvest the injected bone area exactly. Thereafter, the extracted bone cylinders were processed as non-decalcified specimens for μCT analysis, histomorphometry, histology, and fluorescence evaluation. RESULTS The aiming device could be easily placed in 63 sheep and assured a reproducible, standardized injection area. In four sheep, cardiovascular complications occurred during surgery and pulmonary embolism was detected by computed tomography post surgery in all of these animals. The harvesting and evaluative methods assured a standardized analysis of all samples. CONCLUSIONS This experimental animal model provides an excellent basis for testing new biomaterials for their suitability as bone augmentation materials. Concomitantly, similar cardiovascular changes occur during vertebroplasties as in humans, thus making it a suitable animal model for studies related to vertebroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Klein
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland.
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Sinclair KD, Farnsworth RW, Pham TX, Knight AN, Bloebaum RD, Skedros JG. The artiodactyl calcaneus as a potential ‘control bone’ cautions against simple interpretations of trabecular bone adaptation in the anthropoid femoral neck. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:366-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Experimental animals in biomedical research provide insights into disease mechanisms and models for determining the efficacy and safety of new therapies and for discovery of corresponding biomarkers. Although mouse and rat models are most widely used, observations in these species cannot always be faithfully extrapolated to human patients. Thus, a number of domestic species are additionally used in specific disease areas. This review summarizes the most important applications of domestic animal models and emphasizes the new possibilities genetic tailoring of disease models, specifically in pigs, provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bähr
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Burket JC, Brooks DJ, MacLeay JM, Baker SP, Boskey AL, van der Meulen MC. Variations in nanomechanical properties and tissue composition within trabeculae from an ovine model of osteoporosis and treatment. Bone 2013; 52:326-36. [PMID: 23092698 PMCID: PMC3612543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and treatment may affect both composition and nanomechanical properties and their spatial distributions within the individual trabeculae of cancellous bone at length scales that cannot be captured by bulk measurements. This study utilized 25 mature adult ewes divided into 5 treatment groups. Four treatment groups were given a dietary model for human high-turnover osteoporosis, and two of these were treated with antiresorptive drugs, either zoledronate (ZOL) or raloxifene (RAL), to examine their effects on bulk tissue properties and nanoscale tissue composition and mechanical properties within trabeculae. Treatment effects were most pronounced at the nanoscale, where RAL increased indentation modulus and hardness throughout trabeculae by 10% relative to the osteoporosis model. In comparison, ZOL increased these properties exclusively at the surfaces of trabeculae (indentation modulus +12%, hardness +16%). Nanomechanical alterations correlated with changes in tissue mineralization, carbonate substitution, crystallinity, and aligned collagen. Despite only minimal changes in bulk tissue tBMD, the nanomechanical improvements within trabeculae with both treatments greatly improved the predicted theoretical bending stiffness of individual trabeculae when idealized as cylindrical struts. Hence, small tissue-level alterations in critical locations for resisting trabecular failure could account for some of the discrepancy between the large reductions in fracture risk and the only modest changes in BMD with antiresorptive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme C. Burket
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Jennifer M. MacLeay
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Shefford P. Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Marjolein C.H. van der Meulen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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Shi L, Wang L, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Wu ZX, Liu D, Gao MX, Chen H, Fu SC, Lei W. Improving fixation strength of pedicle screw by microarc oxidation treatment: an experimental study of osteoporotic spine in sheep. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1296-303. [PMID: 22234960 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Failure of fixation caused by loosening of pedicle screws in osteoporosis is a problem in spinal surgery. We compared the in vivo fixation strength between pedicle screws treated with microarc oxidation (MAO) and untreated screws in an osteoporotic model of ovariectomized sheep. The MAO treated and untreated screws were placed in lumbar vertebral bodies. After 3 months of implantation, biomechanical tests, micro-CT analysis, and histological observations were conducted to examine the performance of the two groups. At time 0, no significant difference was found between the two groups in biomechanical tests (p > 0.05); 3 months later, higher pull-out strength and load with less displacement were detected in the MAO-treated group (p < 0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that the tissue mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number in the MAO-treated group were all higher than those in untreated group (p < 0.05), and trabecular spacing was smaller (p < 0.05). Histologically, the bone-implant interface in the MAO-treated group was better than that in untreated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, pedicle screws with a bioactive surface treated by MAO can improve screw fixation strength in osteoporotic spines in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Beil FT, Oheim R, Barvencik F, Hissnauer TN, Pestka JM, Ignatius A, Rueger JM, Schinke T, Clarke IJ, Amling M, Pogoda P. Low turnover osteoporosis in sheep induced by hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1254-62. [PMID: 22234948 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is of critical importance in regulating bone remodeling. This is underscored by the fact that intracerebroventricular-application of leptin in ewe leads to osteopenia. As a large animal model of osteoporosis, this approach has some limitations, such as high technical expenditure and running costs. Therefore we asked if a surgical ablation of the leptin signaling axis would have the same effects and would thereby be a more useful model. We analyzed the bone phenotype of ewe after surgical hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection (HPD + OVX) as compared to control ewe (OVX) after 3 and 12 months. Analyses included histomorphometric characterization, micro-CT and measurement of bone turnover parameters. Already 3 months after HPD we found osteopenic ewe with a significantly decreased bone formation (69%) and osteoclast activity (49%). After a period of 12 months the HPD group additionally developed an (preclinical) osteoporosis with significant reduction (33%) of femoral cortical thickness, as compared to controls (OVX). Taken together, HPD leads after 12 month to osteoporosis with a reduction in both trabecular and cortical bone caused by a low bone turnover situation, with reduced osteoblast and osteoclast activity, as compared to controls (OVX). The HPD-sheep is a suitable large animal model of osteoporosis. Furthermore our results indicate that an intact hypothalamo-pituitary axis is required for activation of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Timo Beil
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Alghamdi HS, Junker R, Bronkhorst EM, Jansen JA. Bone regeneration related to calcium phosphate-coated implants in osteoporotic animal models: a meta-analysis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:383-95. [PMID: 22519708 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a frequent human metabolic bone disorder. Prospectively, global ageing of populations will lead to a major increase of subjects being diagnosed with osteoporosis and in need for dental rehabilitation. However, as local osteoporosis of the jaws affects bone quantity and quality of edentulous regions, osseointegration of dental implants might be hampered. Consequently, calcium phosphate ceramic-coated implants have been suggested to compensate for low bone quantity/density and for impaired bone healing in osteoporosis. Nonetheless, up to now no meta-analytical assessment of the relevant preclinical literature to quantify such a possible positive effect has been undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed search, limited to animal models, to identify a possible positive effect of calcium phosphate-coated implants on bone regeneration, was carried out. Further, the reference lists of related review articles and publications selected for inclusion in this review were systematically screened. The primary outcome variables were bone-to-implant contact percentage as assessed histomorphometrically and mechanical stability testing. RESULTS The electronic search in the database of the National Library of Medicine resulted in the identification of 2704 titles. These titles were initially screened by the two independent reviewers for possible inclusion, resulting in further consideration of 51 publications. Screening the abstracts led to 22 full-text articles. From these articles, 16 reports were excluded. Finally, six of these original research reports could be selected for evaluation. Additionally, eight publications were identified by manual search. Thus, a total of 14 articles were included for analysis. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that (1) in osteoporotic animal models calcium phosphate ceramic-coated implants are associated with improved bone-to-implant healing as compared to noncoated implants. Moreover, (2) essentially due to quality characteristics of the analyzed original research articles a negative impact of osteoporosis on bone-to-implant healing could not be confirmed. Besides, (3) the established positive bone-to-implant healing effect of calcium phosphate ceramic coatings does not differ between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic, healthy animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan S Alghamdi
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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