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Pascale F, Pelage JP, Wassef M, Ghegediban SH, Saint-Maurice JP, De Baere T, Denys A, Duran R, Deschamps F, Pellerin O, Maeda N, Laurent A, Namur J. Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model: A Review of Clinical, Biology, Histology, and Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871829. [PMID: 35619923 PMCID: PMC9128410 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit VX2 is a large animal model of cancer used for decades by interventional radiologists to demonstrate the efficacy of various locoregional treatments against liver tumors. What do we know about this tumor in the new era of targeted therapy and immune-oncology? The present paper describes the current knowledge on the clinics, biology, histopathology, and tumor microenvironment of VX2 based on a literature review of 741 publications in the liver and in other organs. It reveals the resemblance with human cancer (anatomy, vascularity, angiogenic profile, drug sensitivity, immune microenvironment), the differences (etiology, growth rate, histology), and the questions still poorly explored (serum and tissue biomarkers, genomic alterations, immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Pascale
- Research and Development Department, Archimmed Société à responsabilité limtée Limited liability Company (SARL), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelage
- Université de Caen Normandie (UNICEAN), Centre d'Energie atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Imagerie et Stratégies Thérapeutiques pour les Cancers et Tissus Cérébraux CERVOxy (ISTCT-CERVOxy) Normandie University, Caen, France.,Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital of Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Michel Wassef
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP); Unité de Formation et de Recherche (URF) de Médecine Paris Nord, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Saïda H Ghegediban
- Research and Development Department, Archimmed Société à responsabilité limtée Limited liability Company (SARL), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Maurice
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP); Unité de Formation et de Recherche (URF) de Médecine Paris Nord, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry De Baere
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche (URF) Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alban Denys
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Deschamps
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Unité de Formation et de Recherche (URF) Médecine Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Pellerin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP) Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Noboru Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alexandre Laurent
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP); Unité de Formation et de Recherche (URF) de Médecine Paris Nord, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Namur
- Research and Development Department, Archimmed Société à responsabilité limtée Limited liability Company (SARL), Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Klaassen NJM, Arntz MJ, Gil Arranja A, Roosen J, Nijsen JFW. The various therapeutic applications of the medical isotope holmium-166: a narrative review. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:19. [PMID: 31659560 PMCID: PMC6682843 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, a broad spectrum of applications of the radionuclide holmium-166 as a medical isotope has been established. The isotope holmium-166 is attractive as it emits high-energy beta radiation which can be used for a therapeutic effect and gamma radiation which can be used for nuclear imaging purposes. Furthermore, holmium-165 can be visualized by MRI because of its paramagnetic properties and by CT because of its high density. Since holmium-165 has a natural abundance of 100%, the only by-product is metastable holmium-166 and no costly chemical purification steps are necessary for production of nuclear reactor derived holmium-166. Several compounds labelled with holmium-166 are now used in patients, such Ho166-labelled microspheres for liver malignancies, Ho166-labelled chitosan for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and [166Ho]Ho DOTMP for bone metastases. The outcomes in patients are very promising, making this isotope more and more interesting for applications in interventional oncology. Both drugs as well as medical devices labelled with radioactive holmium are used for internal radiotherapy. One of the treatment possibilities is direct intratumoural treatment, in which the radioactive compound is injected with a needle directly into the tumour. Numerous other applications have been developed, like patches for treatment of skin cancer and holmium labelled antibodies and peptides. The second major application that is currently clinically applied is selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT, also called radioembolization), a novel treatment option for liver malignancies. This review discusses medical drugs and medical devices based on the therapeutic radionuclide holmium-166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke J M Klaassen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Arntz
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Gil Arranja
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508, TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629, JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joey Roosen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Frank W Nijsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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van Elk M, Ozbakir B, Barten-Rijbroek AD, Storm G, Nijsen F, Hennink WE, Vermonden T, Deckers R. Alginate Microspheres Containing Temperature Sensitive Liposomes (TSL) for MR-Guided Embolization and Triggered Release of Doxorubicin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141626. [PMID: 26561370 PMCID: PMC4641710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to develop and characterize alginate microspheres suitable for embolization with on-demand triggered doxorubicin (DOX) release and whereby the microspheres as well as the drug releasing process can be visualized in vivo using MRI. Methods and Findings For this purpose, barium crosslinked alginate microspheres were loaded with temperature sensitive liposomes (TSL/TSL-Ba-ms), which release their payload upon mild hyperthermia. These TSL contained DOX and [Gd(HPDO3A)(H2O)], a T1 MRI contrast agent, for real time visualization of the release. Empty alginate microspheres crosslinked with holmium ions (T2* MRI contrast agent, Ho-ms) were mixed with TSL-Ba-ms to allow microsphere visualization. TSL-Ba-ms and Ho-ms were prepared with a homemade spray device and sized by sieving. Encapsulation of TSL in barium crosslinked microspheres changed the triggered release properties only slightly: 95% of the loaded DOX was released from free TSL vs. 86% release for TSL-Ba-ms within 30 seconds in 50% FBS at 42°C. TSL-Ba-ms (76 ± 41 μm) and Ho-ms (64 ± 29 μm) had a comparable size, which most likely will result in a similar in vivo tissue distribution after an i.v. co-injection and therefore Ho-ms can be used as tracer for the TSL-Ba-ms. MR imaging of a TSL-Ba-ms and Ho-ms mixture (ratio 95:5) before and after hyperthermia allowed in vitro and in vivo visualization of microsphere deposition (T2*-weighted images) as well as temperature-triggered release (T1-weighted images). The [Gd(HPDO3A)(H2O)] release and clusters of microspheres containing holmium ions were visualized in a VX2 tumor model in a rabbit using MRI. Conclusions In conclusion, these TSL-Ba-ms and Ho-ms are promising systems for real-time, MR-guided embolization and triggered release of drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van Elk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Burcin Ozbakir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Nijsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Deckers
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Morrison R, Thompson J, Bird L, Hill MA, Townley H. Synthesis and characterization of polystyrene embolization particles doped with tantalum oxide nanoparticles for X-ray contrast. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:218. [PMID: 26223792 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiopaque and fluorescent embolic particles have been synthesized and characterised to match the size of vasculature found in tumours to ensure effective occlusion of the vessels. A literature search showed that the majority of vessels surrounding a tumour were less than 50 µm and therefore polydispersed polystyrene particles with a peak size of 50 µm have been synthesised. The embolic particles contain 5-8 nm amorphous tantalum oxide nanoparticles which provide X-ray contrast. Embolic particles containing up to 9.4 wt% tantalum oxide were prepared and showed significant contrast compared to the undoped polystyrene particles. The X-ray contrast of the embolic particles was shown to be linear (R(2) = 0.9) with respect to the concentration of incorporated tantalum nanoparticles. A model was developed which showed that seventy-five 50 µm embolic particles containing 10% tantalum oxide could provide the same contrast as 5 cm of bone. Therefore, the synthesized particles would provide sufficient X-ray contrast to enable visualisation within a tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Morrison
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
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Norek M, Peters JA. MRI contrast agents based on dysprosium or holmium. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 59:64-82. [PMID: 21600356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Norek
- Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands
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Adriane K, Huang J, Ding G, Chen J, Liu Y. Self assembled magnetic PVP/PVA hydrogel microspheres; magnetic drug targeting of VX2 auricular tumours using pingyangmycin. J Drug Target 2008; 14:243-53. [PMID: 16777683 DOI: 10.1080/10611860600720616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy in cancer treatment is associated with serious side effects and as a result there is great interest in research aimed at bringing down the level of systemic cytotoxicity. With advances in material science, magnetic drug targeting has emerged as one of the viable ways of attaining this. In this study, we used self assembled PVP/PVA magnetic hydrogel microspheres to deliver pingyangmycin (Bleomycin A5) to rabbit auricular VX2 tumours in the presence of a 0.5 T permanent magnet both during and 24 h after perfusion. A total of 22 New Zealand white rabbits ranging from 13 to 16 weeks and weighing 2.5-3.0 kg (2.46 +/- 0.2) successfully implanted with tumours 200-300 mm2 in size were used. In group D (1 mg pingyangmycin in 50 mg ferrofluid without a magnet) 2 weeks post treatment, there was statistically significant difference compared to the control (p = 0.05) in favor of group D. However, when compared to the group with 1 mg pingyangmycin(BLM) in 50 mg of ferrofluid and 0.5 mg (BLM) in 50 mg ferrofluid both with a permanent magnet in place for 24 h, the statistically significant difference was in favor of combined treatment, i.e. ferrofluid carrying drug in presence of a permanent magnet (p = 0.01). The microspheres in conjunction with the magnet did deliver pingyangmycin to the tumour and hence may be of use in future as far as magnetic drug targeting is concerned. However, more studies are still required to establish biodistribution and biostability not to forget drug release of ferrofluid of different chemotherapeutic agents available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamulegeya Adriane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tongji Stomatological Hospital, Tongji University School of Stomatology, 399 Yan Chang Zhong Road, 200072 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hamoudeh M, Kamleh MA, Diab R, Fessi H. Radionuclides delivery systems for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1329-46. [PMID: 18562040 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments of nuclear medicine in oncology have involved numerous investigations of novel specific tumor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals as a major area of interest for both cancer imaging and therapy. The current progress in pharmaceutical nanotechnology field has been exploited in the design of tumor-targeting nanoscale and microscale carriers being able to deliver radionuclides in a selective manner to improve the outcome of cancer diagnosis and treatment. These carriers include chiefly, among others, liposomes, microparticles, nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers and hydrogels. Furthermore, combining the more recent nuclear imaging multimodalities which provide high sensitivity and anatomical resolution such as PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) and SPECT/CT (combined single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography system) with the use of these specific tumor-targeting carriers constitutes a promising rally which will, hopefully in the near future, allow for earlier tumor detection, better treatment planning and more powerful therapy. In this review, we highlight the use, limitations, advantages and possible improvements of different nano- and microcarriers as potential vehicles for radionuclides delivery in cancer nuclear imaging and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misara Hamoudeh
- Université de Lyon, 69622, France, Université Lyon1, CNRS, UMR 5007, LAGEP, Pharmacotechnical department, ISPB facuté de Pharmacie
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Chretien C, Boudy V, Allain P, Chaumeil JC. Indomethacin release from ion-exchange microspheres: impregnation with alginate reduces release rate. J Control Release 2004; 96:369-78. [PMID: 15120894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ion-exchange microspheres (MS) designed as a drug delivery system for embolization coupling ability to occlude vessels and chemotherapy were used to evaluate a manufacturing process allowing to control the drug release rate through reduction of diffusion rate of the drug within the particle by impregnation of calcium alginate inside the porous MS. Impregnation was performed by diffusion of sodium alginate inside DEAE-Trisacryl(R) MS, dispersion of the MS in deionised water and gelling alginate by adding CaCl(2) to the dispersed MS. Studied parameters were alginate concentration, alginate diffusion time and calcium concentration. Indomethacin was loaded into the MS by eluting an aqueous indomethacin solution through a chromatographic column packed with impregnated MS. Indomethacin loading was reduced by alginate. Swelling studies showed indomethacin loading enhanced the hydrophobicity of MS while impregnation had no effect. This had an incidence on indomethacin release rate, which was assessed using the rapid elution of PBS through loaded impregnated MS packed in a column. Indomethacin loading reduced its own rate of release. MS impregnated with 2% w/v alginate gelled with a 40 mM calcium solution presented the lower release rate. This work indicated the manufacturing conditions to display a calcium alginate matrix effect on indomethacin release from DEAE-Trisacryl MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chretien
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, Faculté de Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris 5, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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