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Idowu OK, Oremosu AA, Dosumu OO, Mohammed AA. Ribose-cysteine and levodopa abrogate Parkinsonism via the regulation of neurochemical and redox activities in alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models. Fly (Austin) 2024; 18:2306687. [PMID: 38286464 PMCID: PMC10826630 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2306687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most prevalent type of parkinsonism, is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by several non-motor and motor symptoms. PD is thought to have a complex aetiology that includes a combination of age, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors. Increased expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein is central to the evolvement of neuropathology in this devastating disorder, but the potential of ribose-cysteine and levodopa in abating pathophysiologic changes in PD model is unknown. Crosses were set up between flies conditionally expressing a pathological variant of human α-Syn (UAS-α-Syn) and those expressing GAL4 in neurons (elav-GAL4) to generate offspring referred to as PD flies. Flies were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 40) from the total population of flies, with each group having five replicates. Groups of PD flies were treated with either 500 mg/kg ribose-cysteine diet, 250 mg/kg levodopa diet, or a combination of the two compounds for 21 days, whereas the control group (w1118) and the PD group were exposed to a diet without ribose-cysteine or levodopa. In addition to various biochemical and neurochemical assays, longevity, larval motility, and gravitaxis assays were carried out. Locomotive capability, lifespan, fecundity, antioxidant state, and neurotransmitter systems were all significantly (p < 0.05) compromised by overexpression of α-Syn. However, flies treated both ribose cysteine and levodopa showed an overall marked improvement in motor functions, lifespan, fecundity, antioxidant status, and neurotransmitter system functions. In conclusion, ribose-cysteine and levodopa, both singly and in combination, potentiated a therapeutic effect on alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa K. Idowu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A. Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O. Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi A. Mohammed
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
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Xu X, Zhang CJ, Talifu Z, Liu WB, Li ZH, Wang XX, Du HY, Ke H, Yang DG, Gao F, Du LJ, Yu Y, Jing YL, Li JJ. The Effect of Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine on Oxidative Stress in the Spinal Cord and Skeletal Muscle After Spinal Cord Injury. Inflammation 2024; 47:557-571. [PMID: 37975960 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a frequently occurring pathophysiological feature of spinal cord injury (SCI) and can result in secondary injury to the spinal cord and skeletal muscle atrophy. Studies have reported that glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) have anti-aging and anti-oxidative stress properties; however, to date, no study has assessed the effect of GlyNAC in the treatment of SCI. In the present work, we established a rat model of SCI and then administered GlyNAC to the animals by gavage at a dose of 200 mg/kg for four consecutive weeks. The BBB scores of the rats were significantly elevated from the first to the eighth week after GlyNAC intervention, suggesting that GlyNAC promoted the recovery of motor function; it also promoted the significant recovery of body weight of the rats. Meanwhile, the 4-week heat pain results also suggested that GlyNAC intervention could promote the recovery of sensory function in rats to some extent. Additionally, after 4 weeks, the levels of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in spinal cord tissues were significantly elevated, whereas that of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased in GlyNAC-treated animals. The gastrocnemius wet weight ratio and total antioxidant capacity were also significantly increased. After 8 weeks, the malondialdehyde level had decreased significantly in spinal cord tissue, while reactive oxygen species accumulation in skeletal muscle had decreased. These findings suggested that GlyNAC can protect spinal cord tissue, delay skeletal muscle atrophy, and promote functional recovery in rats after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Chun-Jia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wu-Bo Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ze-Hui Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Wang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua-Yong Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Gang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Liang-Jie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Ying-Li Jing
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, 100068, China.
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China.
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Chatzinikolaou PN, Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, D'Alessandro A, Nikolaidis MG. Erythrocyte metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14081. [PMID: 38270467 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected and connected the available biochemical pathways and integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus of this map is on the main biochemical pathways consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen metabolism, purine/nucleoside metabolism, and membrane transport. Other recently emerging pathways are also curated, like the methionine salvage pathway, the glyoxalase system, carnitine metabolism, and the lands cycle, as well as remnants of the carboxylic acid metabolism. An additional goal of this review is to present the dynamics of erythrocyte metabolism, providing key numbers used to perform basic quantitative analyses. By synthesizing experimental and computational data, we conclude that glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and redox metabolism are the foundations of erythrocyte metabolism. Additionally, the erythrocyte can sense oxygen levels and oxidative stress adjusting its mechanics, metabolism, and function. In conclusion, fine-tuning of erythrocyte metabolism controls one of the most important biological processes, that is, oxygen loading, transport, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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Margaritelis NV, Chatzinikolaou PN, Chatzinikolaou AN, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. The redox signal: A physiological perspective. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:29-40. [PMID: 34477294 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A signal in biology is any kind of coded message sent from one place in an organism to another place. Biology is rich in claims that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species transmit signals. Therefore, we define a "redox signal as an increase/decrease in the level of reactive species". First, as in most biology disciplines, to analyze a redox signal you need first to deconstruct it. The essential components that constitute a redox signal and should be characterized are: (i) the reactivity of the specific reactive species, (ii) the magnitude of change, (iii) the temporal pattern of change, and (iv) the antioxidant condition. Second, to be able to translate the physiological fate of a redox signal you need to apply novel and bioplausible methodological strategies. Important considerations that should be taken into account when designing an experiment is to (i) assure that redox and physiological measurements are at the same or similar level of biological organization and (ii) focus on molecules that are at the highest level of the redox hierarchy. Third, to reconstruct the redox signal and make sense of the chaotic nature of redox processes, it is essential to apply mathematical and computational modeling. The aim of the present study was to collectively present, for the first time, those elements that essentially affect the redox signal as well as to emphasize that the deconstructing, decoding and reconstructing of a redox signal should be acknowledged as central to design better studies and to advance our understanding on its physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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