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Tulipan A, Gulati A, Haslerud T, Gray R, Biermann M. Rebooting nuclear medicine specialist education under the COVID-19 pandemic: From plenary lectures to active e-learning. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:297-302. [PMID: 38413379 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite major reforms of specialist training in the Nordic countries towards concrete learning outcomes and promoting active learning, most specialist courses continue to be based on lectures. We redesigned our mandatory 5-day course in clinical nuclear medicine (NM) that was last held in 2016 towards active learning. Thirty 1-h lectures were replaced with 10 thematic blocks of 3 h each. Each block was taught by a single teacher in a blend of short introductory lectures alternating with small groups of residents reading NM cases from our newly established national case library in diagnostic format. Due to COVID-19, the entire course in 2021 needed to be run on a videoconferencing system rather than in a computer laboratory as had been originally planned. At the end of the course, we conducted the same anonymized survey as in 2016. All 19 course participants responded. 74% fully agreed that the e-course format had been 'good'. One hundred per cent fully agreed that the practical exercises were 'useful' versus 50% in 2016 (p < 0.001). In their free text answers on the merits or downsides of e-learning, 12/12 respondents only mentioned advantages. Our newly established library of anonymized teaching cases within our national health network is an effective tool for organising courses based on active learning. Despite the change towards distance learning enforced by the pandemic, course participants reported the same high levels of satisfaction with active learning in small groups as in the earlier traditional lecture-based course format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tulipan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine/PET-Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ankush Gulati
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine/PET-Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torjan Haslerud
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine/PET-Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Robert Gray
- Section for Pedagogy, Department of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Biermann
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine/PET-Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Tulipan AJ, Guzman AJ, Haslerud TM, Foldnes K, Kvernenes OH, Honoré A, Brekke N, Reisæter LAR, Biermann M. Enhancing PSMA-PET/CT with intravenous contrast: Improved tracer clearance in the prostate bed. Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:394-401. [PMID: 35700964 DOI: 10.1055/a-1821-8112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We observed hitherto unreported layering of radioactivity in the bladder on PET/CT in prostate cancer (PC) when combined with contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). This effect facilitates assessment of the prostate bed in PC. METHODS Among 128 patients imaged with [18F]PSMA-1007, we selected all 8 studies without and 28 studies with CECT. 20 patients also underwent PET/MR. As controls, we chose 20 and 16 males studied with [18F]FDG for extrapelvic disease with and without CECT. Posterior anterior (PA) ratio was calculated as SUVpost/SUVant * 100 % based on maximal standard uptake values (SUV) in 20 mm spheres in the anterior and posterior bladder. Four nuclear physicians scored assessibility of the bladder base on a 3-point Likert scale (3 = optimal, 1 = poor). We acquired serial PET/CT over 4 hours of a flask with layering of 100 ml intravenous contrast agent and 100 ml physiological saline with 40 MBq of [18F]PSMA-1007, while a control flask was shaken at the start of the experiment. RESULTS Layering of tracer was observed in all PET/CT studies with CE-CT, but not in studies without contrast. Median PA ratios were 44 % (interquartile range 33-62) for [18F]PSMA-1007 and 73 % (52-67) for [18F]FDG, respectively. Intravenous contrast improved assessibility scores in PET of the bladder base, but the effect only reached significance in the PET/MR data. In the in vitro data, radioactivity was retained in the aqueous supernatant over the entire experiment whereas there was no separation of phases in the control flask over time. CONCLUSION When performing PET combined with CECT, sedimentation of contrast agent in the bladder leads to upward displacement of radioactivity, enhancing clarity of PET images in the posterior bladder and the prostate bed on both PET/CT and PET/MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Julius Tulipan
- Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Nuclear Medicine/PET center, Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Angela Jaramillo Guzman
- Nuclear Medicine/PET center, Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torjan Magne Haslerud
- Nuclear Medicine, Dept. of Radiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Nuclear Medicine/PET center, Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjartan Foldnes
- Nuclear Medicine/PET center, Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Heine Kvernenes
- Nuclear Medicine/PET center, Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alfred Honoré
- Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Njål Brekke
- Nuclear Medicine/PET center, Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Martin Biermann
- Nuclear Medicine/PET center, Dept. of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Section for Radiology, Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Bergen, Norway
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Bell L, Lemos M, Mottaghy FM, Lindner O, Heinzel A. Teaching of Nuclear Cardiology in Times of Pandemic: Transfer of a Case-based Interactive Course from Classroom to Distance Learning. Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:6-15. [PMID: 35120372 PMCID: PMC8823514 DOI: 10.1055/a-1697-7795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM While methods of independent study, such as problem-based learning, have been shown beneficial to students' learning outcome and motivation to self-educate, these concepts are currently challenged by the pandemic. The aim of the current study was the evaluation of the transfer of an interactive nuclear cardiology teaching module to an online, distance learning setting. METHODS: Two-hundred-forty medical students completed and evaluated the teaching module in a classroom and 127 students in the distance learning setting. RESULTS The interactive, problem-based teaching module was transferred well into the distance learning setting during the pandemic. However, while the presented results suggest that distance learning is a good substitute for classroom teaching when in-person teaching is not possible, the distance teaching module was perceived less efficient in its course didactics, demands as well as applicability than the same module in a classroom setting. CONCLUSION Although distance learning thus cannot entirely replace classroom education, it does provide a well-suited alternative method to teach particularly nuclear medicine and medicine in general. Future applications should offer introductory sessions, provide learning materials in advance and slow down the teaching pace to facilitate online, distance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bell
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.,Audiovisual Media Center, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Lemos
- Audiovisual Media Center, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Lindner
- Institute of Radiology, Nuclearmedicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Department of Nuclear medicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Julich, Germany
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Zamora E, Moadel RM, Song N, Zuckier LS. Remote Reading and Teaching of Nuclear Medicine in the Era of COVID-19. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:71-78. [PMID: 34301376 PMCID: PMC8293558 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Community SARS-CoV-2 has profoundly affected traditional elements of learning and teaching in nuclear medicine and diagnostic radiology departments. The response of the nuclear medicine community to the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic can be described in 3 phases: accommodation, consolidation and optimization, and a return towards normalcy. Adoption of virtual communication platforms has emerged as the crucial interim tool for preservation of trainee supervision and diagnostic imaging education. Development of supplemental teaching materials, refocusing research interests, and relaxation of requirements have all contributed toward stabilization of the residency programs. As we embark on a gradual return to normalcy, many of the virtual solutions that were employed have gained a degree of enduring popularity and may find a place in the postpandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lionel S. Zuckier
- Address reprint requests to Lionel S. Zuckier, MD, MBA, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467
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Park H, Shim S, Lee YM. A scoping review on adaptations of clinical education for medical students during COVID-19. Prim Care Diabetes 2021; 15:958-976. [PMID: 34736876 PMCID: PMC8426188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in clinical education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are taking place globally. This scoping review updated the educational strategies which could be applied by clinical educators in their practice to effectively maintain clinical attachment programs for medical students amidst public health crises. Almost all elements of clinical teaching were deliverable, whether it was online, onsite, virtual or blended, their educational effectiveness should be further examined. Increase in the number of telemedicine related publications were remarkable, and they could serve as a scalable model for future educational programs to be incorporated into the medical student curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmi Park
- Department of Medical Education, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Shim
- Department of Medical Education, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mee Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sait S, Tombs M. Teaching Medical Students How to Interpret Chest X-Rays: The Design and Development of an e-Learning Resource. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:123-132. [PMID: 33574725 PMCID: PMC7872944 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s280941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The teaching of radiology to medical students has often been criticised for being inadequate and unstructured, with students reporting lack of confidence in assessing x-rays. In this paper, we describe how an e-learning resource, on how to interpret a chest x-ray for medical students, was designed and developed. The aim of the resource was to provide medical students with knowledge of how to interpret a chest x-ray in a systematic approach. METHODS The technology used to design the e-learning resource was Xerte Online Toolkits. The design and development of the e-learning resource was based upon andragogical principles and followed Overbaugh's guidelines and Mayer's 12 multimedia principles. An instructional design model called ADDIE was used to help develop the resource and its content. These included cases of common conditions, a quiz and summary table at the end. The paper focuses mainly on the way in which instructional design, education and multimedia principles were used to inform the development of the resource. FINDINGS A preliminary evaluation was completed by 18 medical students from year 3-5 who completed the e-learning resource. The feedback was positive with an average rating of 9/10 and 100% of students saying they would recommend the resource to a colleague. Students commented that they liked the resource as it was easy to navigate, had good visual learning and contained good explanations with relevant content. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE IMPLICATIONS This paper demonstrates how, with the use of instructional models, educational theories and principles, an e-learning resource can be created. Preliminary evaluation showed that students were satisfied with the resource and felt it helped them acquire knowledge on how to interpret chest x-rays. This resource can be further utilized either as a standalone resource or before starting clinical placements and may prove particularly useful in the current and challenging learning environment where there is an increased need for digital resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Sait
- Postgraduate Medical & Dental Education Department, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michal Tombs
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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