1
|
Haxhiraj M, White K, Terry C. The Role of Fenugreek in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6987. [PMID: 39000103 PMCID: PMC11240913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is on the increase worldwide. Of growing concern, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and youths is increasing rapidly and mirrors the increasing burden of childhood obesity. There are many risk factors associated with the condition; some are due to lifestyle, but many are beyond our control, such as genetics. There is an urgent need to develop better therapeutics for the prevention and management of this complex condition since current medications often cause unwanted side effects, and poorly managed diabetes can result in the onset of related comorbidities. Naturally derived compounds have gained momentum for preventing and managing several complex conditions, including type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide an update on the benefits and limitations of fenugreek and its components as a therapeutic for type 2 diabetes, including its bioavailability and interaction with the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Haxhiraj
- Diabetes Interest Group, The Centre for Health and Life Sciences Research, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Kenneth White
- Diabetes Interest Group, The Centre for Health and Life Sciences Research, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Cassandra Terry
- Diabetes Interest Group, The Centre for Health and Life Sciences Research, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faisal Z, Irfan R, Akram N, Manzoor HMI, Aabdi MA, Anwar MJ, Khawar S, Saif A, Shah YA, Afzaal M, Desta DT. The multifaceted potential of fenugreek seeds: From health benefits to food and nanotechnology applications. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2294-2310. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe present lifestyle, dietary patterns, psychological pressure, environmental factors, and the widespread exploitation of processed substances in food production and farming have collectively contributed to a substantial expediting in the development of various health problems. Globally, researchers have been seeking natural pharmaceutical substances with the potential to be employed in treating lifestyle‐related diseases or delaying their onset. Fenugreek seeds have gained significant attention in various fields, including health, nutrition, and cutting‐edge nanotechnology applications, due to their versatile qualities. The current investigation offers a comprehensive discussion of the nutritional composition and therapeutic potential of fenugreek seeds, with an emphasis on their plentiful reservoir of bioactive compounds. This seed demonstrates promising medicinal potential in addressing a wide range of health issues. Significantly, these findings indicate noteworthy properties, such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti‐obesity, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the components of fenugreek seeds are important in the development of a multitude of foods, which is the reason why they are used extensively in the area of food research. In addition to their nutritional value, their exploration of nanotechnology reveals a promising domain, utilizing the distinctive characteristics of seeds for many purposes, such as nanoparticle synthesis and oil for edible films and nanoemulsions. This review article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of fenugreek seeds, examining their wide‐ranging applications in the fields of health, nutrition, food, and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zargham Faisal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Rushba Irfan
- Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Noor Akram
- Department of Food and Nutrition Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Mohib Ali Aabdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Anwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Sharjeel Khawar
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Asifa Saif
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural and Medical Science Research Centre University of Nizwa Nizwa Oman
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Derese Tamiru Desta
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faisal Z, Irfan R, Akram N, Manzoor HMI, Aabdi MA, Anwar MJ, Khawar S, Saif A, Shah YA, Afzaal M, Desta DT. The multifaceted potential of fenugreek seeds: From health benefits to food and nanotechnology applications. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2294-2310. [PMID: 38628211 PMCID: PMC11016425 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The present lifestyle, dietary patterns, psychological pressure, environmental factors, and the widespread exploitation of processed substances in food production and farming have collectively contributed to a substantial expediting in the development of various health problems. Globally, researchers have been seeking natural pharmaceutical substances with the potential to be employed in treating lifestyle-related diseases or delaying their onset. Fenugreek seeds have gained significant attention in various fields, including health, nutrition, and cutting-edge nanotechnology applications, due to their versatile qualities. The current investigation offers a comprehensive discussion of the nutritional composition and therapeutic potential of fenugreek seeds, with an emphasis on their plentiful reservoir of bioactive compounds. This seed demonstrates promising medicinal potential in addressing a wide range of health issues. Significantly, these findings indicate noteworthy properties, such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-obesity, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the components of fenugreek seeds are important in the development of a multitude of foods, which is the reason why they are used extensively in the area of food research. In addition to their nutritional value, their exploration of nanotechnology reveals a promising domain, utilizing the distinctive characteristics of seeds for many purposes, such as nanoparticle synthesis and oil for edible films and nanoemulsions. This review article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of fenugreek seeds, examining their wide-ranging applications in the fields of health, nutrition, food, and nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zargham Faisal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Rushba Irfan
- Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home SciencesUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Noor Akram
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Mohib Ali Aabdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Anwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Sharjeel Khawar
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Asifa Saif
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural and Medical Science Research CentreUniversity of NizwaNizwaOman
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Derese Tamiru Desta
- School of Nutrition, Food Science and TechnologyHawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hassanzadeh R, Shabani F, Montazeri M, Mirghafourvand M. The Effect of Fenugreek on the Severity of Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:219-227. [PMID: 37594100 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230818092814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysmenorrhea is the most common periodic pain, which affects more than 50% of women with regular menstruation. Fenugreek is one of the medicinal plants with analgesic properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of fenugreek application in the severity of dysmenorrhea and its side effects in women with dysmenorrhea. PICO: Population: women with dysmenorrhea; Intervention: fenugreek; Comparison: control groups; and Outcome: reduction in the severity of dysmenorrhea and its side effects. METHODS English database (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Persian database [SID (Scientific Information Database) and Magiran] were used for research until February 11, 2023, using the keywords "Dysmenorrhea [Mesh]," "Foenum [Mesh]," "fenugreek [Mesh]," and "Trigonella [Mesh]." The reference list of the selected articles was also checked. The quality assessment was conducted through the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze and report the data of the entered studies. Meta-analysis results were reported with the standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of control groups. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS After removing duplicates and ineligible cases, four articles were included in the systematic review out of the 1526 records obtained. The results showed that the pain intensity caused by primary dysmenorrhea decreased with fenugreek compared to placebo (pooled result SMD: -2.21; 95% CI: -3.26 to -1.17; Z: 4.17; p <0.001). There was no significant difference between fenugreek with mefenamic acid (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.57 to 0.67; Z: 0.17; p = 0.86) and fenugreek with Chandrasura churna (SMD: 0.06; 95% CI: -0.56 to 0.68; Z: 0.19; p = 0.85). Bias, in terms of incomplete outcome data and selective reporting, was low risk in all studies, and the available evidence was low quality according to the GRADE approach. CONCLUSION The results showed that the effect of fenugreek on pain intensity in dysmenorrhea is highly uncertain. The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. Regarding the importance of the health and quality of life of women of reproductive age and the low quality of evidence of the studies, clinical trials with stronger methodology are suggested in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robab Hassanzadeh
- Department of Midwifery, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shabani
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Montazeri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aldhilan MM, Abdel-Wanis ME. The Healing Callus-Promoting Effect of Fenugreek in a Humerus Shaft Fracture: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e50519. [PMID: 38098736 PMCID: PMC10720763 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old male presented with a fractured shaft in the right humerus and refused surgery. The patient was treated with a cast, and a follow-up plain radiography revealed good callus formation after 32 days. The patient had a history of receiving fenugreek seed extract from the first week after the fracture. We did our best to exclude any other factors that helped rapid fracture healing with good callus formation in our patient. The current case supports the hypothesis that fenugreek seed extract promotes bone healing. This hypothesis is supported by a literature review. Previous studies have suggested several mechanisms by which fenugreek promotes bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour M Aldhilan
- Orthopedic Surgery, Al Rass General Hospital/Ministry of Health, Ar Rass, SAU
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo W, Deng J, He J, Yin L, You R, Zhang L, Shen J, Han Z, Xie F, He J, Guan Y. Integration of molecular docking, molecular dynamics and network pharmacology to explore the multi-target pharmacology of fenugreek against diabetes. J Cell Mol Med 2023. [PMID: 37257051 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek is an ancient herb that has been used for centuries to treat diabetes. However, how the fenugreek-derived chemical compounds work in treating diabetes remains unclarified. Herein, we integrate molecular docking and network pharmacology to elucidate the active constituents and potential mechanisms of fenugreek against diabetes. First, 19 active compounds from fenugreek and 71 key diabetes-related targets were identified through network pharmacology analysis. Then, molecular docking and simulations results suggest diosgenin, luteolin and quercetin against diabetes via regulation of the genes ESR1, CAV1, VEGFA, TP53, CAT, AKT1, IL6 and IL1. These compounds and genes may be key factors of fenugreek in treating diabetes. Cells results demonstrate that fenugreek has good biological safety and can effectively improve the glucose consumption of IR-HepG2 cells. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the anti-diabetic effect of fenugreek was regulated by the AGE-RAGE and NF-κB signalling pathways. It is mainly associated with anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response and β-cell protection. Our study identified the active constituents and potential signalling pathways involved in the anti-diabetic effect of fenugreek. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of the anti-diabetic effect of fenugreek. Finally, this study may help for developing anti-diabetic dietary supplements or drugs based on fenugreek.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Luo
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Imaging Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Shunde Polytecnic, Foshan, China
| | - Jiecheng He
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong You
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingkun Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangmei Xie
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua He
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Guan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Effects of Fenugreek Seed Consumption on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:123-133. [PMID: 36763260 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are growing health issues worldwide. Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common among CVDs in all populations. Fenugreek has recently been the center of multiple investigations. AIM In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed at gathering and summing up the existing literature regarding the impact of fenugreek seed on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). METHODS All major databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane library, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were searched from inception up to 28 June 2022. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria were included and the required data was extracted. The pooled effects were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs). I-squared test was used to detect between-study heterogeneities. Subgroup analyses were conducted to find sources of heterogeneities. P-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Six RCTs including a total of 373 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. Fenugreek seed supplementation significantly reduced SBP (WMD: 3.46 mmHg, 95% CI - 6.33, - 0.59, P=0.018), but not DBP (WMD: 3.19 mmHg; 95% CI, - 5.82 to 12.21, P=0.488). Subgroup analyses showed that fenugreek seed administered in dosages ≥ 15 g/day and durations ≤ 12 weeks significantly reduced SBP and DBP. CONCLUSION Supplementation with fenugreek seed, especially in dosages ≥ 15 g/day and durations ≤ 12 weeks, might play a role in reducing SBP, but not DBP. However, further investigations are warranted to ensure the clinical relevance of these findings.
Collapse
|
8
|
Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. The role of selected nutraceuticals in management of prediabetes and diabetes: An updated review of the literature. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3709-3765. [PMID: 35912631 PMCID: PMC9804244 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysglycemia is a disease state preceding the onset of diabetes and includes impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance. This review aimed to collect and analyze the literature reporting the results of clinical trials evaluating the effects of selected nutraceuticals on glycemia in humans. The results of the analyzed trials, generally, showed the positive effects of the nutraceuticals studied alone or in association with other supplements on fasting plasma glucose and post-prandial plasma glucose as primary outcomes, and their efficacy in improving insulin resistance as a secondary outcome. Some evidences, obtained from clinical trials, suggest a role for some nutraceuticals, and in particular Berberis, Banaba, Curcumin, and Guar gum, in the management of prediabetes and diabetes. However, contradictory results were found on the hypoglycemic effects of Morus, Ilex paraguariensis, Omega-3, Allium cepa, and Trigonella faenum graecum, whereby rigorous long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm these data. More studies are also needed for Eugenia jambolana, as well as for Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus which glucose-lowering effects were observed when administered in combination, but not alone. Further trials are also needed for quercetin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Promises of phytochemical based nano drug delivery systems in the management of cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109745. [PMID: 34774839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of human disease and death worldwide, accounting for 7.6 million deaths per year and projected to reach 13.1 million by 2030. Many phytochemicals included in traditional medicine have been utilized in the management of cancer. Conventional chemotherapy is generally known to be the most effective treatment of metastatic cancer but these cancerous cells might grow resistant to numerous anticancer drugs over time that resulting in treatment failure. This review tried to portray the advancement in the anticancer and chemopreventive effects of several phytochemicals and some of its members encapsulated in the nano-based delivery system of the drug. It comprises the issue associated with limited use of each phytoconstituents in human cancer treatment are discussed, and the benefits of entrapment into nanocarriers are evaluated in terms of drug loading efficiency, nanocarrier size, release profile of the drug, and in vitro and/or in vivo research and treatment testing, such as cytotoxicity assays and cell inhibition/viability.
Collapse
|