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Gröger H, Horino S, Kanomata K, Akai S. Strategies to Design Chemocatalytic Racemization of Tertiary Alcohols: State of the Art & Utilization for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304028. [PMID: 38580616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure tertiary alcohols is an important issue in organic synthesis of a range of pharmaceuticals including molecules such as the anti-HIV drug Efavirenz. A conceptually elegant approach to such enantiomers is the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic tertiary alcohols, which, however, requires efficient racemization strategies. The racemization of tertiary alcohols is particularly challenging due to various side reactions that can occur because of their high tendency for elimination reactions. In the last few years, several complementary catalytic concepts for racemization of tertiary alcohols have been developed, characterized by efficient racemization and suppression of unwanted side-reactions. Besides resins bearing sulfonic acid moieties and a combination of boronic acid and oxalic acid as heterogeneous and homogeneous Brønsted-acids, respectively, immobilized oxovanadium and piperidine turned out to be useful catalysts. The latter two catalysts, which have already been applied to different types of substrates, also have proven good compatibility with lipase, thus leading to the first two examples of chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols. In this review, the difficulties in racemizing tertiary alcohols are specifically described, and the recently developed complementary concepts to overcome these hurdles are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kanomata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Ikeda R, Nishio T, Kanomata K, Akai S. Nucleophilic Deprotection of p-Methoxybenzyl Ethers Using Heterogeneous Oxovanadium Catalyst. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:213-219. [PMID: 38382974 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Nucleophilic deprotection of p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) [p-methoxyphenylmethyl (MPM)] ethers was developed using a heterogeneous oxovanadium catalyst V-MPS4 and a thiol nucleophile. The deprotection method had a wide reaction scope, including PMB ethers of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols bearing various functional groups. In addition, the PMB ether of an oxidation-labile natural product was successfully removed by V-MPS4 catalysis, while a common oxidative method of PMB deprotection afforded a complex mixture. The V-MPS4 catalyst was reusable up to six times without a significant loss in the product yield. The advantages of using the heterogeneous catalyst were further demonstrated by conducting the deprotection reaction in a continuous flow process, which resulted in a 2.7-fold higher catalyst turnover number and 60-fold higher turnover frequency compared to those of the corresponding batch reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Tomoya Nishio
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Kyohei Kanomata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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3
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González-Granda S, Albarrán-Velo J, Lavandera I, Gotor-Fernández V. Expanding the Synthetic Toolbox through Metal-Enzyme Cascade Reactions. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5297-5346. [PMID: 36626572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of metal-, photo-, enzyme-, and/or organocatalysis provides multiple synthetic solutions, especially when the creation of chiral centers is involved. Historically, enzymes and transition metal species have been exploited simultaneously through dynamic kinetic resolutions of racemates. However, more recently, linear cascades have appeared as elegant solutions for the preparation of valuable organic molecules combining multiple bioprocesses and metal-catalyzed transformations. Many advantages are derived from this symbiosis, although there are still bottlenecks to be addressed including the successful coexistence of both catalyst types, the need for compatible reaction media and mild conditions, or the minimization of cross-reactivities. Therefore, solutions are here also provided by means of catalyst coimmobilization, compartmentalization strategies, flow chemistry, etc. A comprehensive review is presented focusing on the period 2015 to early 2022, which has been divided into two main sections that comprise first the use of metals and enzymes as independent catalysts but working in an orchestral or sequential manner, and later their application as bionanohybrid materials through their coimmobilization in adequate supports. Each part has been classified into different subheadings, the first part based on the reaction catalyzed by the metal catalyst, while the development of nonasymmetric or stereoselective processes was considered for the bionanohybrid section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio González-Granda
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jesús Albarrán-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Lu H, Zhou C, Wang Z, Kato T, Liu Y, Maruoka K. Fe-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction of α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Conjugate Dienes with Alkylsilyl Peroxides and Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8824-8834. [PMID: 35731735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An Fe(OTf)2-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with alkylsilyl peroxides in the presence of certain heteronucleophiles (ROH and indole) is realized under mild reaction conditions. A variety of α,β,γ,δ-diene carbonyl substrates with different substituents were successfully employable via combination with several different alkylsilyl peroxides. This new approach is also applicable to the double functionalization of diene substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Canhua Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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Stöckl Y, Fellmeth T, Bauer F, Wank B, Frey W, Claasen B, Zens A, Köhn A, Laschat S. Chasing polycyclic natural products: 5/6/5‐ or 5/6/6‐carbotricyclic scaffold construction via stereodivergent Diels‐Alder reaction of chiral hydrindanes and their boron complexes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Stöckl
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thomas Fellmeth
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Florian Bauer
- University of Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Bianca Wank
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Anna Zens
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Universität Stuttgart: Universitat Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart GERMANY
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Miletto I, Ivaldi C, Gianotti E, Paul G, Travagin F, Giovenzana GB, Fraccarollo A, Marchi D, Marchese L, Cossi M. Predicting the Conformation of Organic Catalysts Grafted on Silica Surfaces with Different Numbers of Tethering Chains: The Silicopodality Concept. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:21199-21210. [PMID: 34621460 PMCID: PMC8489525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid catalysts are attracting much attention, since they combine the versatility and efficiency of homogeneous organic catalysis with the robustness and thermal stability of solid materials, for example, mesoporous silica; in addition, they can be used in cascade reactions, for exploring both organic and inorganic catalysis at the same time. Despite the importance of the organic/inorganic interface in these materials, the effect of the grafting architecture on the final conformation of the organic layer (and hence its reactivity) is still largely unexplored. Here, we investigate a series of organosiloxanes comprising a pyridine ring (the catalyst model) and different numbers of alkylsiloxane chains used to anchor it to the MCM-41 surface. The hybrid interfaces are characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and are modeled theoretically through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to determine the relationship between the number of chains and the average position of the pyridine group; MD simulations also provide some insights about temperature and solvent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Miletto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Chiara Ivaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Enrica Gianotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Geo Paul
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Travagin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco (DSF), Università del Piemonte Orientale, L.go Donegani 2, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco (DSF), Università del Piemonte Orientale, L.go Donegani 2, I-28100 Novara, Italy
- CAGE Chemicals srl, Via Bovio 6, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Fraccarollo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Davide Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marchese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, via T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Progress on the Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Molecules Based on Metal-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols with Lipases. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal/lipase-combo catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic chiral alcohols is a general and practical process to obtain the corresponding enantiopure esters R with quantitative conversion. The use of known Ru-catalysts as well as newly developed homogeneous and heterogeneous metal catalysts (Fe, V) contributed to make the DKR process more sustainable and to expand the substrate scope of the reaction. In addition to classical substrates, challenging allylic alcohols, tertiary alcohols, C1-and C2-symmetric biaryl diols turned out to be competent substrates. Synthetic utility further emerged from the integration of this methodology into cascade reactions leading to linear/cyclic chiral molecules with high ee through the formation of multiple bonds, in a one-pot procedure.
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Nishio T, Yoshioka S, Hasegawa K, Yahata K, Kanomata K, Akai S. Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols Using an Immobilized Oxovanadium Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nishio
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shin Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kai Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kenzo Yahata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Current address: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Kyohei Kanomata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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