1
|
Anderson DE, Truong AHN, Hevia E. Dual Basicity and Nucleophilicity of Organosodium Reagents in Benzylic C-H Additions of Toluenes to Diarylethenes and Ketones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400492. [PMID: 38651778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Profiting from the dual high basicity and nucleophilicity of organosodium complexes, here we report the stepwise lateral metalation of a wide range of alkyl arenes (MeAr), mediated by hydrocarbon-soluble NaCH2SiMe3 ⋅ PMDETA (PMDETA=N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), followed by nucleophilic addition to diarylethenes of the newly generated NaCH2Ar ⋅ PMDETA complexes. This method grants access to a range of functionalised hydrocarbons in excellent yields and can be upgraded to catalytic regimes when using trans-stilbene, a 10 mol% of the alkyl sodium base and toluene as a solvent. Extending this approach to aromatic ketones leads to the formation of stilbenes under mild reaction conditions, resulting from the deprotonative coupling of toluenes with ketones. Combining spectroscopic studies with the trapping and characterisation of key reaction intermediates, mechanistic insights have been gained, advancing the understanding of coordination effects in organosodium chemistry, and shedding light on their special reactivity profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Anderson
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex H N Truong
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spivey JA, Collum DB. Potassium Hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS): Solvent-Dependent Solution Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17827-17837. [PMID: 38901126 PMCID: PMC11373885 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Solution structures of potassium hexamethyldisilazide [KHMDS] and labeled [15N]KHMDS were examined using a number of analytical methods including 29Si NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory computations. A combination of 15N-29Si couplings, 29Si chemical shifts, and the method of continuous variations reveals dimers, monomers, and ion pairs. Weakly coordinating monofunctional ligands such as toluene, N,N-dimethylethylamine, and Et3N afford exclusively dimers. 1,3-Dioxolane, THF, dimethoxyethane, hexamethylphosphoramide, and diglyme provide dimers at low ligand concentrations and monomers at high ligand concentrations. N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine provide exclusively dimers at all ligand concentrations at ambient temperatures and significant monomer at -80 °C. Studies of 12-crown-4 ran into technical problems. Equimolar 15-crown-5 forms a dimer, whereas excess 15-crown-5 affords a putative ion pair. Whereas equimolar 18-crown-6 also affords a dimer, an excess provides a monomer rather than a solvent-separated ion pair. [2.2.2]cryptand affords what is believed to be a contact-ion-paired cryptate. Solvation was probed using largely density functional theory (DFT) computations. Thermally corrected energies are consistent with lower aggregates and higher solvates at low temperatures, but the magnitudes of the computed temperature dependencies were substantially larger than the experimentally derived data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Spivey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamaguchi H, Takahashi F, Kurogi T, Yorimitsu H. Reductive anti-Dizincation of Arylacetylenes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400384. [PMID: 38647096 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Arylacetylenes undergo anti-1,2-dizincation to afford trans-1,2-dizincioalkenes. The process employs sodium dispersion as a reducing agent and zinc chloride TMEDA complex as a reduction-resistant zinc electrophile. This reductive anti-dizincation contrasts with the conventional additive syn-dimetalation like silylzincation. The resulting dizincated alkenes undergo the cross-coupling to yield multi-substituted alkenes stereoselectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fukazawa M, Takahashi F, Kurogi T, Yorimitsu H. Sodium-Mediated Reductive C-C Bond Cleavage Assisted by Boryl Groups. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400100. [PMID: 38385830 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-established oxidative C=C double bond cleavage to give the corresponding carbonyl compounds, little is known about reductive C=C double bond cleavage. Here we report that C-C single bond cleavage in 1,2-diaryl-1,2-diborylethanes proceeds by reduction with sodium metal to yield α-boryl benzylsodium species. In combination with our previous reductive diboration of stilbenes, the overall transformation represents reductive cleavage of the C=C double bonds of stilbene to yield α-boryl-α-sodiated toluenes. This reductive two-step C=C double bond cleavage is applicable to ring-opening or ring-expansion reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anderson DE, Tortajada A, Hevia E. New Frontiers in Organosodium Chemistry as Sustainable Alternatives to Organolithium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313556. [PMID: 37801443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
With their highly reactive respective C-Na and N-Na bonds, organosodium and sodium amide reagents could be viewed as obvious replacements or even superior reagents to the popular, widely utilised organolithiums. However, they have seen very limited applications in synthesis due mainly to poor solubility in common solvents and their limited stability. That notwithstanding in recent years there has been a surge of interest in bringing these sustainable metal reagents into the forefront of organometallics in synthesis. Showcasing the growth in utilisation of organosodium complexes within several areas of synthetic chemistry, this Minireview discusses promising new methods that have been recently reported with the goal of taming these powerful reagents. Special emphasis is placed on coordination and aggregation effects in these reagents which can impart profound changes in their solubility and reactivity. Differences in observed reactivity between more nucleophilic aryl and alkyl sodium reagents and the less nucleophilic but highly basic sodium amides are discussed along with current mechanistic understanding of their reactivities. Overall, this review aims to inspire growth in this exciting field of research to allow for the integration of organosodium complexes within common important synthetic transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Anderson
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreu Tortajada
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
You Q, Collum DB. Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation Using Sodium Hexamethyldisilazide: Solvent-Dependent Reactivities and Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23568-23584. [PMID: 37857357 PMCID: PMC11373886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The solvent-dependent reactivity of sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) toward carbon-centered electrophiles reveals reactions that are poorly represented or unrepresented in the literature, including direct aminolysis of aromatic methyl esters to give carboxamides, nitriles, or amidines, depending on the choice of solvent. SNAr substitutions of aryl halides and opening of terminal epoxides are also examined. A combination of 1H and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies using [15N]NaHMDS, kinetic studies, and computational studies reveals the complex mechanistic basis of the preferences for simple aryl carboxamides in toluene and dimethylethylamine and arylnitriles or amidines in tetrahydrofuran (THF). A prevalence of dimer- and mixed dimer-based chemistry even starting from the observable NaHMDS monomer in THF solution is notable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin You
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miwa K, Aoyagi S, Amaya T, Sasamori T, Morisako S, Kurogi T, Yorimitsu H. Multiply exo-Methylated Corannulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301557. [PMID: 37302982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The curved π-conjugated surface of bowl-shaped corannulene has been multiply methylated to form exo-di-, -tetra-, and -hexamethylated corannulenes. The multimethylations became possible through in-situ iterative reduction/methylation sequences that involve the reduction of corannulenes using sodium to form the anionic corannulene species, and the subsequent SN 2 reaction of the anionic species with reduction-resistant dimethyl sulfate. X-ray diffraction analyses, NMR, MS, UV-Vis measurements, and DFT calculations have revealed the molecular structures of the multimethylated corannulenes and the sequence of the multimethylation. This work has the potential to contribute to the controlled synthesis and characterizations of multifunctionalized fullerenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhira Miwa
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Information and Basic Science Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Division of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Sciences (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shogo Morisako
- Division of Chemistry Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Sciences (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anderson DE, Tortajada A, Hevia E. Highly Reactive Hydrocarbon Soluble Alkylsodium Reagents for Benzylic Aroylation of Toluenes using Weinreb Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218498. [PMID: 36636916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Deaggregating the alkyl sodium NaCH2 SiMe3 with polydentate nitrogen ligands enables the preparation and characterisation of new, hydrocarbon soluble chelated alkylsodium reagents. Equipped with significantly enhanced metalating power over their organolithium counterparts, these systems can promote controlled sodiation of weakly acidic benzylic C-H bonds from a series of toluene derivatives under mild stoichiometric conditions. This has been demonstrated through the benzylic aroylation of toluenes with Weinreb amides, that delivers a wide range of 2-arylacetophenones in good to excellent yields. Success in isolating and determining the structures of key organometallic intermediates has provided useful mechanistic insight into these new sodium-mediated transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Anderson
- Department für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreu Tortajada
- Department für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Villo P, Shatskiy A, Kärkäs MD, Lundberg H. Electrosynthetic C-O Bond Activation in Alcohols and Alcohol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211952. [PMID: 36278406 PMCID: PMC10107720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohols and their derivatives are ubiquitous and versatile motifs in organic synthesis. Deoxygenative transformations of these compounds are often challenging due to the thermodynamic penalty associated with the cleavage of the C-O bond. However, electrochemically driven redox events have been shown to facilitate the C-O bond cleavage in alcohols and their derivatives either through direct electron transfer or through the use of electron transfer mediators and electroactive catalysts. Herein, a comprehensive overview of preparative electrochemically mediated protocols for C-O bond activation and functionalization is detailed, including direct and indirect electrosynthetic methods, as well as photoelectrochemical strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piret Villo
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma Y, Lui NM, Keresztes I, Woltornist RA, Collum DB. Sodium Isopropyl(trimethylsilyl)amide: A Stable and Highly Soluble Lithium Diisopropylamide Mimic. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14223-14229. [PMID: 36282953 PMCID: PMC10042304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The preparation, structure, physical properties, and reactivities of sodium isopropyl(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaPTA) are described. The solubilities at room temperature range from n-heptane (0.55 M), n-hexane (0.60 M), toluene (0.65 M), MTBE (1.7 M), Et3N (3.2 M), and THF (>6.0 M). The half-life to destruction in neat THF is >1 year at 25 °C and 7 days at 70 °C, which compares favorably to 2.5 months and 1.5 days, respectively, for LDA in neat THF. This study focuses on NaPTA in THF. 29Si NMR spectroscopy shows exclusively a mixture of cis and trans stereoisomeric dimers in 0.10-12 M THF in hexane. Density functional theory (DFT) computations suggest that the pKb is intermediate between dimeric sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) and dimeric sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS). Metalations of arenes, epoxides, ketones, hydrazones, alkenes, and alkyl halides show higher reactivities than LDA (kNaPTA/LDA = 1-30). While the rates of arene metalation are high, the lower pKb of NaPTA limits the substrates. Metalation of pseudoephedrate-based carboxamides to form disodiated Myers enolates solves several challenging technical problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Nathan M Lui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Ryan A Woltornist
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - David B Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harenberg JH, Reddy Annapureddy R, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Continuous Flow Preparation of Benzylic Sodium Organometallics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203807. [PMID: 35416397 PMCID: PMC9400861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a lateral sodiation of alkyl(hetero)arenes using on-demand generated hexane-soluble (2-ethylhexyl)sodium (1) in the presence of TMEDA. (2-Ethylhexyl)sodium (1) is prepared via a sodium packed-bed reactor and used for metalations at ambient temperature in batch as well as in continuous flow. The resulting benzylic sodium species are subsequently trapped with various electrophiles including carbonyl compounds, epoxides, oxetane, allyl/benzyl chlorides, alkyl halides and alkyl tosylates. Wurtz-type couplings with secondary alkyl halides and tosylates proceed under complete inversion of stereochemistry. Furthermore, the utility of this lateral sodiation is demonstrated in the synthesis of pharmaceutical relevant compounds. Thus, fingolimod is prepared from p-xylene applying the lateral sodiation twice. In addition, 7-fold isotopically labeled salmeterol-d7 and fenpiprane as well as precursors to super linear alkylbenzene (SLAB) surfactants are prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes H. Harenberg
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | | | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bole LJ, Tortajada A, Hevia E. Enhancing Metalating Efficiency of the Sodium Amide NaTMP in Arene Borylation Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204262. [PMID: 35420221 PMCID: PMC9323492 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though LiTMP (TMP=2,2',6,6'-tetramethylpiperidide) is a commonly used amide, surprisingly the heavier NaTMP has hardly been utilised. Here, by mixing NaTMP with tridentate donor PMDETA (N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), we provide structural, and mechanistic insights into the sodiation of non-activated arenes (e.g. anisole and benzene). While these reactions are low yielding, adding B(OiPr)3 has a profound effect, not only by intercepting the CAr -Na bond, but also by driving the metalation reaction towards quantitative formation of more stabilized sodium aryl boronates. Demonstrating its metalating power, regioselective C2-metalation/borylation of naphthalene has been accomplished contrasting with single-metal based protocols which are unselective and low yielding. Extension to other arenes allows for in situ generation of aryl boronates which can then directly engage in Suzuki-Miyaura couplings, furnishing a range of biaryls in a selective and efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J. Bole
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Andreu Tortajada
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tortajada A, Anderson DE, Hevia E. Gram‐Scale Synthesis, Isolation and Characterisation of Sodium Organometallics: nBuNa and NaTMP. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - David E Anderson
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Eva Hevia
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mori A, Inoue T, Kuwayama A, Okano K, Horie M. Generation of sodium–thiophene species with metal amide‐free approach toward polythiophene synthesis by cross‐coupling polymerization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Mori
- Kobe University: Kobe Daigaku Department of Chemical Science and Engineering 1-1 RokkodaiNada 657-8501 Kobe JAPAN
| | - Tomoki Inoue
- Kobe University: Kobe Daigaku Chemical Science and Engineering JAPAN
| | - Aika Kuwayama
- Kobe University: Kobe Daigaku Chemical Science and Engineering JAPAN
| | | | - Masaki Horie
- National Tsing-Hua University: National Tsing Hua University Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bole L, Tortajada A, Hevia E. Enhancing Metalating Efficiency of the Sodium Amide NaTMP in Arene Borylation Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bole
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Andreu Tortajada
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Eva Hevia
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Harenberg JH, Annapureddy RR, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. Continuous Flow Preparation of Benzylic Sodium Organometallics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Department of Chemistry Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang S, Kaga A, Kurogi T, Yorimitsu H. Reductive Ring Opening of Arylcyclopropanecarboxamides Accompanied by Borylation and Enolate Formation. Org Lett 2022; 24:1105-1109. [PMID: 35076241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of arylcyclopropanecarboxamides with a sodium dispersion in the presence of methoxypinacolborane as a reduction-resistant electrophile leads to reductive cleavage of the cyclopropane ring followed by instant trapping with the boron electrophile to yield the enolates of γ-aryl-γ-borylalkanamides. The enolates react further with a different electrophile to yield the corresponding α-substituted amides with anti selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Asako S, Takahashi I, Kurogi T, Murakami Y, Ilies L, Takai K. Birch Reduction of Arenes Using Sodium Dispersion and DMI under Mild Conditions. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sobi Asako
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ikko Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurogi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Murakami
- KOBELCO ECO-Solutions Co., Ltd., 4-78-1 Wakinohama-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0072, Japan
| | - Laurean Ilies
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koyama S, Takahashi F, Saito H, Yorimitsu H. Reductive Cleavage of Propargylic Ethers with Alkali Metal: Application to the Synthesis of Allenylboronates. Org Lett 2021; 23:8590-8594. [PMID: 34694816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of propargylic ethers with sodium dispersion in the presence of lithium iodide results in the generation of the corresponding carbanion species via cleavage of the propargylic C-O bond. The anionic species react with trimethoxyborane to yield the allenylboronates including highly substituted ones that are difficult to synthesize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Koyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Inoue T, Yamamoto S, Sakagami Y, Horie M, Okano K, Mori A. Cross-Coupling Polymerization of Organosodium for Polythiophene Synthesis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fukazawa M, Takahashi F, Yorimitsu H. Sodium-Promoted Borylation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Org Lett 2021; 23:4613-4617. [PMID: 34076437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sodium dispersion promotes the reductive borylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with MeOBpin. Anthracenes and phenanthrenes are converted to the corresponding dearomatized diborylated products. The reductive diborylation of naphthalene-based small π-systems yields similar yet unstable products that are oxidized into formal C-H borylation products with unique regioselectivity. Pyrene is converted to 1-borylpyrene without the addition of an oxidant. The latter two reactions represent a new route to useful borylated PAHs that rivals C-X borylation and catalytic C-H borylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|