1
|
Kumari M, Kumar M, Zhang B, Amarowicz R, Puri S, Pundir A, Rathour S, Kumari N, Chandran D, Dey A, Sharma N, Rajalingam S, Mohankumar P, Sandhu S, Pant N, Ravichandran RP, Subramani M, Pandi K, Muthukumar M, Zengin G, Mekhemar M, Lorenzo JM. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd.: A Review on Bioactive Compounds and Their Health Promoting Functionalities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3091. [PMID: 36432824 PMCID: PMC9697042 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of pandemics and infectious diseases, numerous research activities on natural products have been carried out to combat them. Researchers are investigating natural products for the treatment and/or management of various infectious diseases and/or disorders. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. belongs to the family Fabaceae (subfamily Mimosoideae) known as Khair or Cutch tree, possesses diverse pharmacological actions, and has been widely used in Asia and different parts of the world. The purpose of the present study is to highlight the phytochemical profile of different parts of A. catechu, the different biological activities of A. catechu extract, and the utilization of A. catechu as food and beverage. The present work constitutes a review of A. catechu; we performed searches (books, Google, Google Scholar, and Scopus publications) to compile the work/investigations made on A. catechu to the present. From our survey, it was concluded that the main phytochemicals compounds in A. catechu are protocatechuic acid, taxifolin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin gallate, procyanidin, phloroglucin, aldobiuronic acid, gallic acid, D-galactose, afzelchin gum, L-arabinose, D-rhamnose, and quercetin. The whole plant of A. catechu possesses a comprehensive variety of medicinal potentials such as antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, antinociceptive, antihyperlipidemic, antiulcer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, haemolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. However, even though the plant's metabolites were reported to have many different pharmacological uses, there is limited information about their toxicity or clinical trials. Further research on diverse metabolites of A. catechu should be carried out to ensure the safety or utilization of this plant in the pharma or food industries and in the development of potent plant-based drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ashok Pundir
- School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sonia Rathour
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Niharika Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sureshkumar Rajalingam
- Department of Agronomy, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Pran Mohankumar
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Surinder Sandhu
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Nutan Pant
- Department of Botany, Doon College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Camp Road, Selaqui, Dehradun 248011, India
| | - Raja Priya Ravichandran
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Marimuthu Subramani
- Department of Agronomy, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603201, India
| | - Kunjammal Pandi
- Department of Agronomy, S. Thangapazham Agricultural College, Vasudevanallur, Tenkasi 627760, India
| | - Muthamilselvan Muthukumar
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603201, India
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia n◦ 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee SI, Kim SY, Park KR, Kim EC. Baicalein Promotes Angiogenesis and Odontoblastic Differentiation via the BMP and Wnt Pathways in Human Dental Pulp Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1457-1472. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is an active flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis that has anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties; its effects on osteoblastic and angiogenic potential are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baicalein on odontoblastic differentiation and angiogenesis and the underlying mechanism in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). Baicalein (1–10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) had no cytotoxic effects and promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization assayed by Alizarin Red-S staining, and the mRNA expression of marker genes, in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, baicalein upregulated angiogenic factors and increased in vitro capillary-like tube formation. Moreover, baicalein upregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 mRNA and phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and Wnt ligand mRNA, glycogen synthase kinase-3, and nuclear [Formula: see text]-catenin. The odontogenic and angiogenic effects of baicalein were abolished by the BMP antagonist noggin and the Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin receptor antagonist DKK-1. These results demonstrate that baicalein promoted odontoblastic differentiation and angiogenesis of HDPCs by activating the BMP and Wnt/[Formula: see text]-catenin signal pathways. Our findings suggest that baicalein may contribute to dental pulp repair and regenerative endodontics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Im Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, School of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li SF, Tang JJ, Chen J, Zhang P, Wang T, Chen TY, Yan B, Huang B, Wang L, Huang MJ, Zhang ZM, Jin DD. Regulation of bone formation by baicalein via the mTORC1 pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5169-83. [PMID: 26392752 PMCID: PMC4572734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that is characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. The increasing prevalence of osteoporosis has attracted much attention. In this study, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were treated with the natural compound, baicalein (0.1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L), to stimulate differentiation over a 14-day period. In addition, a canonical ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model was used to investigate the effect of 3-month baicalein treatment (10 mg/kg per day) in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. In vitro, we found that baicalein induced activation of alkaline phosphatase, stimulated the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, and induced expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, ie, osteocalcin, osterix, collagen Iα1, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), in osteoblasts. In vivo, several bone parameters, including trabecular thickness, trabecular bone mineral density, and trabecular number, in the distal femoral metaphysis were significantly increased in OVX mice treated intragastrically with baicalein for 3 months compared with OVX mice that were not treated with baicalein. We also found that expression of osteocalcin and RUNX2 was decreased in primary ossified tissue from the OVX group, and baicalein increased the levels of osteocalcin and RUNX2 in OVX mice. These data suggest that baicalein can stimulate MC3T3-E1 cells to differentiate into osteoblasts via activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, which includes protein kinases and transcription factors such as P-4E/BP1 and P-S6K1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-fa Li
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-jun Tang
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China ; Three Gorges Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-yu Chen
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-jun Huang
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-min Zhang
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-di Jin
- Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu XD, Zheng RB, Xie JH, Su JY, Huang XQ, Wang YH, Zheng YF, Mo ZZ, Wu XL, Wu DW, Liang YE, Zeng HF, Su ZR, Huang P. Biological evaluation and molecular docking of baicalin and scutellarin as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:69-78. [PMID: 25557028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baicalin and scutellarin are the principal bioactive components of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi which has extensively been incorporated into heat-clearing and detoxification formulas for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related gastrointestinal disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the mechanism of action remained to be defined. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the inhibitory effect, kinetics and mechanism of Helicobacter pylori urease (the vital pathogenetic factor for Helicobacter pylori infection) inhibition by baicalin and scutellarin, for their therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ammonia formations, indicator of urease activity, were examined using modified spectrophotometric Berthelot (phenol-hypochlorite) method. The inhibitory effect of baicalin and scutellarin was characterized with IC50 values, compared to acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), a well known Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitor. Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots for the Helicobacter pylori urease inhibition of baicalin and scutellarin was constructed from the kinetic data. SH-blocking reagents and competitive active site Ni(2+) binding inhibitors were employed for mechanism study. Molecular docking technique was used to provide some information on binding conformations as well as confirm the inhibition mode. Moreover, cytotoxicity experiment using Gastric Epithelial Cells (GES-1) was evaluated. RESULTS Baicalin and scutellarin effectively suppressed Helicobacter pylori urease in dose-dependent and time-independent manner with IC50 of 0.82±0.07 mM and 0.47±0.04 mM, respectively, compared to AHA (IC50=0.14±0.05 mM). Structure-activity relationship disclosed 4'-hydroxyl gave flavones an advantage to binding with Helicobacter pylori urease. Kinetic analysis revealed that the types of inhibition were non-competitive and reversible with inhibition constant Ki of 0.14±0.01 mM and 0.18±0.02 mM for baicalin and scutellarin, respectively. The mechanism of urease inhibition was considered to be blockage of the SH groups of Helicobacter pylori urease, since thiol reagents (L,D-dithiothreitol, L-cysteine and glutathione) abolished the inhibitory action and competitive active site Ni(2+) binding inhibitors (boric acid and sodium fluoride) carried invalid effect. Molecular docking study further supported the structure-activity analysis and indicated that baicalin and scutellarin interacted with the key residues Cys321 located on the mobile flap through S-H·π interaction, but did not interact with active site Ni(2+). Moreover, Baicalin (at 0.59-1.05 mM concentrations) and scutellarin (at 0.23-0.71 mM concentrations) did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity to GES-1. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin and scutellarin were non-competitive inhibitors targeting sulfhydryl groups especially Cys321 around the active site of Helicobacter pylori urease, representing potential to be good candidate for future research as urease inhibitor for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Furthermore, our work gave additional scientific support to the use of Scutellaria baicalensis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Yu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Bo Zheng
- Guangzhou Wanglaoji Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510450, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yan Su
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhun Mo
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Wei Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ye-er Liang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Huang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou J, Ouedraogo M, Qu F, Duez P. Potential Genotoxicity of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals: An Overview. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1745-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhou
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Moustapha Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Health Sciences Faculty; University of Ouagadougou; 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); CP 205-9 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Pierre Duez
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); CP 205-9 B-1050 Brussels Belgium
- Department of Therapeutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy; Université de Mons (UMONS); Bât. Mendeleiev, Av. Maistriau 7000 Mons Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee YC, Hyun E, Yimam M, Brownell L, Jia Q. Acute and 26-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of UP446, a Combination of <i>Scutellaria</i> Extract and <i>Acacia</i> Extract in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.47a003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
90-Day oral toxicity study of UP446, a combination of defined extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu, in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
8
|
Zhou J, Qu F, Burrows E, Yu Y, Nan R. Acupuncture can improve absorption of baicalin from extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in rats. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1415-20. [PMID: 19274704 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to explore whether acupuncture could improve the absorption of baicalin from extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in normal rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into two groups. Group A was treated with a combination of oral administration of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts and acupuncture. Group B was treated only with oral administration of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, in the same dosage as Group A. After treatment, the plasma concentration of baicalin was detected and pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the plasma concentration of baicalin in Group A was significantly higher than in Group B, and that acupuncture at the acupoints Jizhong (Du6), Dazhui (Du14) and Zhongwan (Ren12) made the plasma concentration-time course of baicalin produce a bimodal phenomenon, increased the area under the curve (AUC) and slowed the elimination of baicalin, thus significantly improving the absorption of baicalin from extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Min W, Lin XF, Miao X, Wang BT, Yang ZL, Luo D. Inhibitory effects of Baicalin on ultraviolet B-induced photo-damage in keratinocyte cell line. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:745-60. [PMID: 18711771 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0800620x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin, one kind of Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant property, has been commonly used as a clinical medicine. However, little has been known about the effects of Baicalin on ultraviolet (UV) induced photo-aging and photo-carcinogenesis. The photoproduct is critical to the initial event of UV-induced photo-carcinogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether Baicalin, in immortalized human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, could inhibit ultraviolet-B (UVB) induced skin damage and its possible underlying mechanisms, such as inhibiting UVB-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), down-regulating the expression of regulatory proteins which are related to cell apoptosis and DNA damage/repair. Our study revealed that Baicalin treatment could inhibit the UVB-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis and CPD level. It also decreased the mRNA expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes (p53-p21 and c-fos), the protein levels of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and repair protein A (RPA), and the secretion of cytokines [interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)]. These results suggested that Baicalin may have an inhibitory effect on the UVB-induced photo-damage by blocking the relevant cytokine secretion and expression of p53-p21, c-fos, PCNA and RPA genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Min
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim JM, Lee SU, Kim YS, Min YK, Kim SH. Baicalein stimulates osteoblast differentiation via coordinating activation of MAP kinases and transcription factors. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1906-17. [PMID: 18384125 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The identification of anabolic agents that directly stimulate bone formation has recently attracted greater interest. Here, baicalein was identified as a natural compound that stimulates the differentiation of mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells. Baicalein induced the activation of NF-kappaB in the initiation stage of osteoblast differentiation, and it activated the MAP kinase/NF-kappaB signaling pathway and induced the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers in the early stage. In the late stage, baicalein stimulated the calcium deposition with the activation of MAP kinases and AP-1 family members such as Fra-1 and Fra-2. Another transcription factor, NFATc1, was slightly induced by baicalein in the late stage. Thus, baicalein could stimulate the osteoblast differentiation via the activation of complexly coordinated signaling pathways that include MAP kinases and transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, AP-1, and NFATc1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Center for Drug Discovery Technologies, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baicalein inhibits osteoclast differentiation and induces mature osteoclast apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3375-82. [PMID: 18786594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In bone remodeling, an imbalance caused by increased bone resorption over bone formation leads to adult skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. Therefore, the development of anti-resorptive agents has still gained more interest. In this study, using cell-based assay systems in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells, we found that baicalein significantly inhibited the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced tartrate-resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, baicalein inhibited RANKL-induced activation of signaling molecules (Akt, ERK/MAP kinase and NF-kappaB) and mRNA expression of osteoclast-associated genes (TRAP, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and c-Src) and another transcription factors (c-Fos, Fra-2 and NFATc1). In addition, baicalein inhibited the bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts by inducing apoptosis. The inhibitory effects of baicalein on the formation of mouse bone marrow macrophage-derived osteoclasts and their bone resorptive activity were also observed. In conclusion, although further studies are needed to determine its biological efficacy and precise mechanism in bone, the present results demonstrated that baicalein has a potential to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and induce mature osteoclast apoptosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun Y, Bi S, Song D, Qiao C, Mu D, Zhang H. Study on the interaction mechanism between DNA and the main active components in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2008; 129:799-810. [PMID: 32288240 PMCID: PMC7125601 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2007.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Binding of baicalein, wogonin and baicalin to fish sperm DNA was studied by using ethidium bromide dye as a fluorescence probe. To study the binding mechanism, the absorption, fluorescence, melting temperature and viscosity measurement were carried out. The experimental results indicated that the planar of flavonoids intercalated to the DNA helix. When bound to DNA, flavonoids showed hyperchromic and blue shift in the absorption spectra and fluorescence quenching (>50%) in the fluorescence spectra. Furthermore, the intercalative binding was consistent with the red shift in the position of λ max in the fluorescence spectra. It was also found that ionic strength had little or no effect on the binding of flavonoids and DNA. Stern-Volmer plots at 25 and 37 °C showed that the quenching of fluorescence by flavonoids was a combined quenching process. The binding site number n, apparent binding constant K A at 25 and 37 °C, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, ΔS at 25 °C were obtained. The interaction of flavonoid-metal complexes with DNA was also studied by spectral methods, and the results suggested that the complexes intercalated into DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, PR China
| | - Shuyun Bi
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, PR China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunyu Qiao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Dan Mu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 431 85168399; fax: +86 431 85112355.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Burnett BP, Jia Q, Zhao Y, Levy RM. A medicinal extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu acts as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase to reduce inflammation. J Med Food 2007; 10:442-51. [PMID: 17887937 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A mixed extract containing two naturally occurring flavonoids, baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis and catechin from Acacia catechu, was tested for cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition via enzyme, cellular, and in vivo models. The 50% inhibitory concentration for inhibition of both ovine COX-1 and COX-2 peroxidase enzyme activities was 15 microg/mL, while the mixed extract showed a value for potato 5-LOX enzyme activity of 25 microg/mL. Prostaglandin E2 generation was inhibited by the mixed extract in human osteosarcoma cells expressing COX-2, while leukotriene production was inhibited in both human cell lines, immortalized THP-1 monocyte and HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma. In an arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear swelling model, the extract decreased edema in a dose-dependent manner. When arachidonic acid was injected directly into the intra-articular space of mouse ankle joints, the mixed extract abated the swelling and restored function in a rotary drum walking model. These results suggest that this natural, flavonoid mixture acts via "dual inhibition" of COX and LOX enzymes to reduce production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and attenuate edema in an in vivo model of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Burnett
- Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Scottsdale, AZ 85251, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
BURNETT BRUCEP, SILVA STACIA, MESCHES MICHAELH, WILSON STEVEN, JIA QI. SAFETY EVALUATION OF A COMBINATION, DEFINED EXTRACT OF SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS AND ACACIA CATECHU. J Food Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Kim YH, Jeong DW, Kim YC, Sohn DH, Park ES, Lee HS. Pharmacokinetics of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin after oral administration of a standardized extract ofScutellaria baicalensis, PF-2405 in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:260-5. [PMID: 17366750 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of active components such as baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A were evaluated after oral administration of a purified extract of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI (PF-2405) containing the high contents of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A to rats. Following oral administration of PF-2405 at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg dose (equivalent to 4.5, 9.0 and 18 mg/kg baicalein), a major constituent baicalein and its active metabolite baicalin showed dose-linear pharmacokinetics as evidenced by unaltered dose-normalized AUC, dose-normalized Cmax, Ae(0-30h) and GI(30h) values. Following oral administration of PF-2405 at three doses (equivalent to 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg/kg wogonin), dose-normalized Cmax and dose-normalized AUC were comparable between the 20 and 40 mg/kg PF2405 doses, but plasma concentrations of wogonin at 10 mg/kg of PF-2405 were not measurable as they were below limit of quantitation (LOQ; 18 pmol/mL). Following oral administration of PF-2405 at the three doses (equivalent to 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg oroxylin A), the concentrations of oroxylin A in plasma, urine and gastrointestine samples were below the assay LOQ (18 pmol/mL). Significant differences in AUCs, Ae(0-30h) and GI(30h) values for baicalein and baicalin were observed after oral administration of pure baicalein (18 mg/kg) and PF-2405 (40 mg/kg). The increases in AUCs of baicalein and baicalin after oral administration of PF-2405 may have been due to the significant decrease in GO(30h) values for baicalein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim YH, Jeong DW, Paek IB, Ji HY, Kim YC, Sohn DH, Lee HS. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A and wogonin in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 844:261-7. [PMID: 16893689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 06/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A and wogonin, Scutellaria baicalensis active components in rat plasma was developed. After liquid-liquid extraction with 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-chromen-4-one as internal standard, baicalein, baicalin, oroxylin A and wogonin were eluted from an Atlantis C(18) column within 7 min with isocratic mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid (60:40, v/v). The analytes were detected using an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The standard curves were linear (r=1.000) over the concentration ranges of 5-500 ng/ml for baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A and 5-5000 ng/ml for baicalin. The coefficients of variation and relative errors of baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A and baicalin for intra- and inter-assay at three or four quality control (QC) levels were 0.8-6.1% and -4.0 to 5.8%, respectively. The lower limits of quantification for baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A and baicalin were 5ng/ml using 50 microl of plasma sample. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and oroxylin A after an intravenous administration of Scutellariae radix extract to male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Kim
- Drug Metabolism & Bioanalysis Lab., College of Pharmacy and Medicinal Resources Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Shinyongdong, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tilak JC, Devasagayam TP, Adhikari S, Lele RD, Kon T, Handa O, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T. Cellular Membrane Protection Against Reactive Oxygen Species by Terminalia Arjuna and Its Active Component Baicalein. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.39.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
18
|
Zhang L, Lin G, Chang Q, Zuo Z. Role of Intestinal First-Pass Metabolism of Baicalein in its Absorption Process. Pharm Res 2005; 22:1050-8. [PMID: 16028005 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-5303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of intestinal first-pass metabolism of baicalein (B) in its absorption process. METHODS The intestinal absorption of B was characterized using Caco-2 cell monolayer model and rat in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model. In addition, preliminary metabolic kinetics of B was evaluated in both rat and human intestinal S9 fractions. RESULTS B was well absorbed and extensively metabolized to baicalin (BG), baicalein-7-O-beta-glucuronide, in rat intestinal perfusion model, whereas less extent of metabolism was observed in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Moreover, BG generated in the intestinal epithelium during the absorption of B also rapidly transported to both the apical side (the apical chamber of Caco-2 model and the perfusate of the intestinal perfusion model) as well as the basolateral side of the small intestine (the basal chamber of Caco-2 model and the mesenteric vein of the intestinal perfusion model). From the preliminary metabolic studies, it was found that a higher loading dose of B resulted in a less extent of metabolism in intestine. In addition, the extent of metabolism of B was similar in jejunum and ileum when 50 microM of B was perfused through different sections of rat small intestine. CONCLUSION The first-pass metabolism of B in small intestine may play an important role in its low oral bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Labiatae Flavonoids and their Bioactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
20
|
Powell CB, Fung P, Jackson J, Dall'Era J, Lewkowicz D, Cohen I, Smith-McCune K. Aqueous extract of herba Scutellaria barbatae, a chinese herb used for ovarian cancer, induces apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 91:332-40. [PMID: 14599863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the increasingly common use of complementary medicine in cancer patients, we tested the in vitro cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of 15 traditional Chinese herbs with purported anticancer properties on ovarian and breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Cell viability after treatment with herbal extract was measured by metabolism of a tetrazolium substrate. Apoptosis was measured by nuclear and DNA fragmentation and Annexin V binding. RESULTS One herb, Herba Scutellaria barbatae, was cytotoxic to 100% (11 of 11) of actively proliferating ovarian lines tested and 50% (2 of 4) of actively proliferating breast cell lines tested. Confluent cultures were resistant to killing by herb, whereas subconfluent cultures were sensitive. Resistant proliferating cell lines expressed higher levels of bcl2. Transfection of the most sensitive ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) with bcl2 resulted in a noticeable protection against apoptosis, but there was no protection in other transfected lines. CONCLUSIONS These results will be useful in guiding future studies of herbal aqueous extracts, as well as providing information for clinicians when patients are concurrently using these herbs along with conventional cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bethan Powell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Delaney B, Phillips K, Vasquez C, Wilson A, Cox D, Wang HB, Manthey J. Genetic toxicity of a standardized mixture of citrus polymethoxylated flavones. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:617-24. [PMID: 11955667 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a ubiquitous family of phytochemicals that display a variety of biological effects, both beneficial and adverse depending on the individual compound. Certain flavonoids are genotoxic while others inhibit the genotoxicity of other mutagens. In the present studies, the mutagenicity of a mixture of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) purified from citrus peel oil was evaluated. The mixture consisted of nobiletin (32.5%), 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone (25.0%), tangeretin (14.0%), trimethylscutellarein (9.1%), sinensetin (3.9%), 5-demethyl-nobiletin (2.8%), hexa-O-methylquercetagetin (3.3%), 5-demethyl-tetramethylscutellarein (0.7%), 5-hydroxy-3,3',4',6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (0.7%), and a small quantity of unidentified flavonoid compounds (3.9%). In vitro addition of the PMF mixture over a concentration range that spanned four log doses (0.0005-5.0 mg/plate) did not reveal any evidence of mutagenicity in five bacterial tester strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537) either in the absence or presence of S9 activation. The PMF mixture exhibited a statistically significant increase in mutagenicity of L5178Y tk(+/-) mouse lymphoma cells at 0.05 (38.5 x 10(-6); P<0.05) and 0.1 mg/ml (61 x 10(-6); P<0.01) compared with vehicle-treated controls (mutation frequency=19.7 x 10(-6)). However, these responses were within historical values observed in negative control cultures and extremely small compared to the positive control (EMS 0.5 microl/ml; 1685.3 x 10(-6)). Furthermore, in the presence of S9 there was no indication of genetic toxicity in L5178Y tk(+/-) cells. These results demonstrate that the PMF mixture is not genotoxic in in vitro assay systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Delaney
- Cargill Health and Food Technologies, 15407 McGinty Road West, MS 110, Wayzata, MN 55391, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ueng YF, Shyu CC, Liu TY, Oda Y, Lin YL, Liao JF, Chen CF. Protective effects of baicalein and wogonin against benzo[a]pyrene- and aflatoxin B(1)-induced genotoxicities. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 62:1653-60. [PMID: 11755119 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the protective effects of baicalein and wogonin against benzo[a]pyrene- and aflatoxin (AF) B(1)-induced toxicities, the effects of these flavonoids on the genotoxicities and oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene and AFB(1) were studied in C57BL/6J mice. Baicalein and wogonin reduced benzo[a]pyrene and AFB(1) genotoxicities as monitored by the umuC gene expression response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Baicalein added in vitro decreased liver microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation (AHH) activity with an ic(50) of 33.9 +/- 1.4 microM at 100 microM benzo[a]pyrene. Baicalein also inhibited AFQ(1) and AFB(1)-epoxide formation from AFB(1) (50 microM) oxidation (AFO) with ic(50) values of 22.8 +/- 1.4 and 5.3 +/- 0.8 microM, respectively. However, the in vitro inhibitory effects of wogonin on AHH and AFO activities in liver microsomes were less than those of baicalein as inhibition by 500 microM wogonin was only about 51-65%. Treatment of mice with liquid diets containing 5 mM baicalein and wogonin resulted in 22 and 49% decreases in hepatic AHH activities, respectively. Baicalein treatment resulted in 39 and 32% decreases in AFQ(1) and AFB(1)-epoxide formation from liver microsomal AFO, respectively. Wogonin treatment resulted in 39 and 47% decreases in AFQ(1) and AFB(1)-epoxide formation, respectively. A 1-week pretreatment with wogonin significantly decreased hepatic DNA adduct formation in mice treated with 200 mg/kg of benzo[a]pyrene via gastrogavage. These in vitro and in vivo effects suggested that baicalein and wogonin might have beneficial effects against benzo[a]pyrene- and AFB(1)-induced hepatic toxicities and that wogonin had a stronger protective effect in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y F Ueng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Li-Nong Street, Sec. 2, 112, ROC, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nakahara K, Onishi-Kameyama M, Ono H, Yoshida M, Trakoontivakorn G. Antimutagenic activity against trp-P-1 of the edible Thai plant, Oroxylum indicum vent. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:2358-60. [PMID: 11758941 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A methanolic extract of Oroxylum indicum strongly inhibited the mutagenicity of Trp-P-1 in an Ames test. The major antimutagenic constituent was identified as baicalein with an IC50 value of 2.78+/-0.15 microM. The potent antimutagenicity of the extract was correlated with the high content (3.95+/-0.43%, dry weight) of baicalein. Baicalein acted as a desmutagen since it inhibited the N-hydroxylation of Trp-P-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Nakahara
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|