1
|
Ancer-Rodríguez J, Gopar-Cuevas Y, García-Aguilar K, Chávez-Briones MDL, Miranda-Maldonado I, Ancer-Arellano A, Ortega-Martínez M, Jaramillo-Rangel G. Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis-Key Players in the Lung Aging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7867. [PMID: 39063108 PMCID: PMC11276691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the global lifespan has increased, resulting in a higher proportion of the population over 65 years. Changes that occur in the lung during aging increase the risk of developing acute and chronic lung diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. During normal tissue homeostasis, cell proliferation and apoptosis create a dynamic balance that constitutes the physiological cell turnover. In basal conditions, the lungs have a low rate of cell turnover compared to other organs. During aging, changes in the rate of cell turnover in the lung are observed. In this work, we review the literature that evaluates the role of molecules involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in lung aging and in the development of age-related lung diseases. The list of molecules that regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, or both processes in lung aging includes TNC, FOXM1, DNA-PKcs, MicroRNAs, BCL-W, BCL-XL, TCF21, p16, NOX4, NRF2, MDM4, RPIA, DHEA, and MMP28. However, despite the studies carried out to date, the complete signaling pathways that regulate cell turnover in lung aging are still unknown. More research is needed to understand the changes that lead to the development of age-related lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilberto Jaramillo-Rangel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.-R.); (Y.G.-C.); (M.-d.-L.C.-B.); (I.M.-M.); (A.A.-A.); (M.O.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stojsavljević A, Marković K, Lukač A, Ristanović A, Marić N, Marković S, Šarac I, Ščančar J. Quantitative profiling and baseline intervals of trace elements in healthy lung tissues. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127440. [PMID: 38522290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lung tissue, as an interface with the environment, is susceptible to various environmental pollutants, including trace metals. However, quantitative data on trace metals in human lung tissues remain poorly described. METHODS This study aimed to characterize the elemental composition of histologically healthy, unaffected parts of human lung tissues, associated with non-infective, non-infiltrative, and non-malignant diseases (n = 60) for essential (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Se) and toxic trace elements (Sr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb). Additionally, we investigated the influence of personal factors (sex, age, and smoking habits) on the examined trace element profiles, as well as between the trace elements correlations in the healthy human lungs. RESULTS Among the analyzed trace elements, Fe was the most prevalent, while As was the least prevalent in healthy lung tissues. Stratifying by age revealed significantly higher Cr and Co (less Sr, Ni, and Pb) and lower Se levels in older individuals (above 65 years) compared to their younger counterparts. Sex-based differences were also notable, with Cu and Co 1.2- and 2.3-fold higher levels in females than in males. Exploring the impact of smoking habits revealed a striking 10-fold increase in Cd levels in the lung tissues of smokers compared to non-smokers. Correlation analyses showed significant positive associations between concentrations of certain toxic and essential trace elements in healthy lung tissues. CONCLUSIONS This study could contribute to the establishment of baseline intervals for essential and toxic trace elements, valuable for toxicological and clinical assessment, in healthy, unaffected human lungs, and indicates the influence of sex, age, and smoking. However, further larger-scale studies are needed to make more stable conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarina Marković
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleksandar Lukač
- Military Medical Academy Medical Faculty, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nebojša Marić
- Military Medical Academy Medical Faculty, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Marković
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Müller A, Mraz T, Wouters EF, van Kuijk SM, Amaral AF, Breyer-Kohansal R, Breyer MK, Hartl S, Janssen DJ. Prevalence of dyspnea in general adult populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med 2023; 218:107379. [PMID: 37595674 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyspnea is a commonly described symptom in various chronic and acute conditions. Despite its frequency, relatively little is known about the prevalence and assessment of dyspnea in general populations. The aims of this review were: 1) to estimate the prevalence of dyspnea in general adult populations; 2) to identify associated factors; and 3) to identify used methods for dyspnea assessment. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and JAMA network. Records were screened by two independent reviewers and quality was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for risk of bias in prevalence studies. Multi-level meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled prevalence. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021275499). RESULTS Twenty original articles, all from studies in high-income countries, met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, their quality was good. Pooled prevalence of dyspnea in general adult populations based on 11 studies was 10% (95% CI 7, 15), but heterogeneity across studies was high. The most frequently reported risk factors were increasing age, female sex, higher BMI and respiratory or cardiac disease. The MRC or the modified MRC scale was the most used tool to assess dyspnea in general populations. CONCLUSIONS Dyspnea is a common symptom in adults in high-income countries. However, the high heterogeneity across studies and the lack of data from low- and middle-income countries limit the generalizability of our findings. Therefore, more research is needed to unveil the prevalence of dyspnea and its main risk factors in general populations around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Müller
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria; Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Tobias Mraz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiel Fm Wouters
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sander Mj van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229 HA, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - André Fs Amaral
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, The Bays, Entrance 2, South Wharf Road, St. Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Robab Breyer-Kohansal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Pulmonary Diseases, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Wolkersbergenstrasse 1, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Penzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Hartl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Sanatoriumstrasse 2, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daisy Ja Janssen
- Department of Health Services Research and Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Research & Development, Ciro, Hornerheide 1, 6085 NM, Horn, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weckerle J, Mayr CH, Fundel-Clemens K, Lämmle B, Boryn L, Thomas MJ, Bretschneider T, Luippold AH, Huber HJ, Viollet C, Rist W, Veyel D, Ramirez F, Klee S, Kästle M. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Changes Driving Pulmonary Fibrosis Resolution in Young and Old Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:422-440. [PMID: 37411041 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0012oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice mimics major hallmarks of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Yet in this model, it spontaneously resolves over time. We studied molecular mechanisms of fibrosis resolution and lung repair, focusing on transcriptional and proteomic signatures and the effect of aging. Old mice showed incomplete and delayed lung function recovery 8 weeks after bleomycin instillation. This shift in structural and functional repair in old bleomycin-treated mice was reflected in a temporal shift in gene and protein expression. We reveal gene signatures and signaling pathways that underpin the lung repair process. Importantly, the downregulation of WNT, BMP, and TGFβ antagonists Frzb, Sfrp1, Dkk2, Grem1, Fst, Fstl1, and Inhba correlated with lung function improvement. Those genes constitute a network with functions in stem cell pathways, wound, and pulmonary healing. We suggest that insufficient and delayed downregulation of those antagonists during fibrosis resolution in old mice explains the impaired regenerative outcome. Together, we identified signaling pathway molecules with relevance to lung regeneration that should be tested in-depth experimentally as potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bärbel Lämmle
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, and
| | | | | | - Tom Bretschneider
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | - Andreas H Luippold
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Rist
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | - Daniel Veyel
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany; and
| | - Fidel Ramirez
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, and
| | - Stephan Klee
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research
| | - Marc Kästle
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Young TL, Scieszka D, Begay JG, Lucas SN, Herbert G, Zychowski K, Hunter R, Salazar R, Ottens AK, Erdely A, Gu H, Campen MJ. Aging influence on pulmonary and systemic inflammation and neural metabolomics arising from pulmonary multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure in apolipoprotein E-deficient and C57BL/6 female mice. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:86-100. [PMID: 35037817 PMCID: PMC10037439 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2026538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental exposures exacerbate age-related pathologies, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Nanoparticulates, and specifically carbon nanomaterials, are a fast-growing contributor to the category of inhalable pollutants, whose risks to health are only now being unraveled. The current study assessed the exacerbating effect of age on multiwalled-carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure in young and old C57BL/6 and ApoE-/- mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, aged 8 weeks and 15 months, were exposed to 0 or 40 µg MWCNT via oropharyngeal aspiration. Pulmonary inflammation, inflammatory bioactivity of serum, and neurometabolic changes were assessed at 24 h post-exposure. RESULTS Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration was induced by MWCNT in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in both C57BL/6 and ApoE-/-. Macrophage counts decreased with MWCNT exposure in ApoE-/- mice but were unaffected by exposure in C57BL/6 mice. Older mice appeared to have greater MWCNT-induced total protein in lavage fluid. BALF cytokines and chemokines were elevated with MWCNT exposure, but CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL10 showed reduced responses to MWCNT in older mice. However, no significant serum inflammatory bioactivity was detected. Cerebellar metabolic changes in response to MWCNT were modest, but age and strain significantly influenced metabolite profiles assessed. ApoE-/- mice and older mice exhibited less robust metabolite changes in response to exposure, suggesting a reduced health reserve. CONCLUSIONS Age influences the pulmonary and neurological responses to short-term MWCNT exposure. However, with only the model of moderate aging (15 months) in this study, the responses appeared modest compared to inhaled toxicant impacts in more advanced aging models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - David Scieszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jessica G. Begay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Selita N. Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Guy Herbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | | | - Russell Hunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Raul Salazar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Andrew K. Ottens
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, US 85004
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baniassadi A, Yu W, Wong A, Day R, Travison T, Lipsitz L, Manor B. Feasibility of High-Frequency Monitoring of the Home Environment and Health in Older Adults: Proof of Concept. JOURNAL OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENT 2022; 38:18-36. [PMID: 38465201 PMCID: PMC10923342 DOI: 10.1080/26892618.2022.2131676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Technology provides new opportunities to understand and optimize the relationship between the home indoor environmental quality and health outcomes in older adults. We aimed to establish proof-of-concept and feasibility of remote, real-time, high-frequency, and simultaneous monitoring of select environmental variables and outcomes related to health and wellbeing in older adults. Thirty-four participants (27 were female) with an average age (SD) of 81 years (±7.1) were recruited from community and supportive housing environments. Environmental sensors were installed in each home and participants were asked to use a wearable device on their finger and answer smartphone-based questionnaires on a daily basis. Further, a subgroup of participants were asked to complete tablet-based cognitive tests on a daily basis. Average compliance with the wearable (time worn properly / total time with device) was 81%. Participants responded to 69% of daily smartphone surveys and completed 80% of the prescribed cognitive tests. These results suggest that it is feasible to study the impact of the home thermal environment and air quality on biological rhythms, cognition, and other outcomes in older adults. However, the success of non-passive data collection elements may be contingent upon baseline cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Baniassadi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Wanting Yu
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angel Wong
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Day
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Travison
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lewis Lipsitz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bradley Manor
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rouatbi S. Aging, tobacco use and lung damages. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2022; 100:295-302. [PMID: 36155900 PMCID: PMC9477149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The main two functions of the lung are the respiratory functions, dependent on ventilatory mechanics and gas exchange, and the nonrespiratory functions such as metabolic, immunological, and endocrine ones. Lung aging is secondary to the age-dependent impairment of one or more of these functions. Tobacco use accelerates lung aging and touches biological, structural and respiratory and non-respiratory functions. These changes contribute to the development of chronic pulmonary diseases and predispose to pulmonary infections in older individuals. The knowledge of these changes is very useful for better management of elderly. Lung health in aging can be improved by strategies that slow the age-related decline in lung function by acting on the environmental parameters. It is also possible to improve lung development in children and to strengthen the lungs' resistance to environmental challenges and thus to extrinsic lung aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rouatbi
- 1. Physiology and functional explorations laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia,2. Physiology and functional explorations laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia,3. Research Laboraory of cardiac failure “LR12SP09”
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schiffers C, Reynaert NL, Wouters EFM, van der Vliet A. Redox Dysregulation in Aging and COPD: Role of NOX Enzymes and Implications for Antioxidant Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111799. [PMID: 34829671 PMCID: PMC8615131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With a rapidly growing elderly human population, the incidence of age-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to rise. It is widely believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in ageing and in age-related disease, and approaches of antioxidant supplementation have been touted as useful strategies to mitigate age-related disease progression, although success of such strategies has been very limited to date. Involvement of ROS in ageing is largely attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired adaptive antioxidant responses. NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes represent an important enzyme family that generates ROS in a regulated fashion for purposes of oxidative host defense and redox-based signalling, however, the associations of NOX enzymes with lung ageing or age-related lung disease have to date only been minimally addressed. The present review will focus on our current understanding of the impact of ageing on NOX biology and its consequences for age-related lung disease, particularly COPD, and will also discuss the implications of altered NOX biology for current and future antioxidant-based strategies aimed at treating these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Schiffers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.S.); (E.F.M.W.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Emiel F. M. Wouters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.S.); (E.F.M.W.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, 1140 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (C.S.); (E.F.M.W.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng W, Peng Y, Zhou A, Lin L, Liao X, Deng D, Huang P, Liu W, Jiang M, Xiang X, Shuang Q, Cai S, Chen P, Liao X. Comparative clinical characteristics among different age group of adult COVID-19 patients: A multicenter study. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 10:130-142. [PMID: 34708557 PMCID: PMC8652767 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is a global infectious disease with a large burden of illness and high health care costs. This study aimed to compare clinical features among adult COVID‐19 patients in different age groups. Methods Laboratory‐confirmed adult COVID‐19 infection cases between December 31, 2019 to March 8, 2020 obtained from Neighboring Cities. Patients were divided into five age groups. Clinical characteristics were compared among different age groups. Results Of 299 cases, median age was 44 and 158 (53%) were male. A total of 53.3% of 30–40 years, 50% of 40–50 years, 36.6% of <30 years and 36.2% of 50–60 years were primary case, none of the elderly were primary case. Among all the observed symptoms, only symptom of dyspnea was significantly different between the elderly group and other groups (p < .001). Proportion of severe or critical type was 2.4%, 5.3%, 9.5%, 14.5%, and 35% in patients with age <30, 30–40, 40–50, 50–65, ≥65, respectively. A total of 285 patients (95.3%) were cured and discharged, 12 patients (4.0%) were still on medical treatment in hospital. There were 2 (0.7%) deaths which occurred among persons ≥65 years. Patients with a history of chronic heart disease had a more than a 56 times higher risk for severe or critical type of COVID‐19 than those without a history of chronic heart disease (odds ratio [OR]: 56.038, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.764–1136.053, p = .009). Old age (OR: 1.055, 95% CI: 1.016–1.095, p = .006), high heart rate in admission (OR: 1.085, 95% CI: 1.03–1.144, p = .002), high respiratory rate in admission (OR: 1.635, 95% CI: 1.093–2.431, p = .017) were independently associated with severe or critical type in COVID‐19. Conclusions Proportion of severe or critical type increased with old age groups. Adults with old age and high heart rate, respiratory rate in admission and history of chronic heart disease were associated with severe or critical type in COVID‐19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Shaoyang Central Hospital of University of South China, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dingding Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Attached Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yueyang Second People's Hospital, Designated Hospital of Junshan District, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingcui Shuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Attached Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xucai Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Attached Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong EM, Walby WF, Wilson DW, Tablin F, Schelegle ES. Ultrafine Particulate Matter Combined With Ozone Exacerbates Lung Injury in Mature Adult Rats With Cardiovascular Disease. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:140-151. [PMID: 29394414 PMCID: PMC5920298 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) are dominant air pollutants that contribute to development and exacerbation of multiple cardiopulmonary diseases. Mature adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are particularly susceptible to air pollution-related cardiopulmonary morbidities and mortalities. The aim was to investigate the biologic potency of ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) combined with O3 in the lungs of mature adult normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) Wistar-Kyoto rats. Conscious, mature adult male normal Wistar-Kyoto (NW) and SH rats were exposed to one of the following atmospheres: filtered air (FA); UFPM (∼ 250 μg/m3); O3 (1.0 ppm); or UFPM + O3 (∼ 250 μg/m3 + 1.0 ppm) combined for 6 h, followed by an 8 h FA recovery period. Lung sections were evaluated for lesions in the large airways, terminal bronchiolar/alveolar duct regions, alveolar parenchyma, and vasculature. NW and SH rats were similarly affected by the combined-pollutant exposure, displaying severe injury in both large and small airways. SH rats were particularly susceptible to O3 exposure, exhibiting increased injury scores in terminal bronchioles and epithelial degeneration in large airways. UFPM-exposure groups had minimal histologic changes. The chemical composition of UFPM was altered by the addition of O3, indicating that ozonolysis promoted compound degradation. O3 increased the biologic potency of UFPM, resulting in greater lung injury following exposure. Pathologic manifestations of CVD may confer susceptibility to air pollution by impairing normal lung defenses and responses to exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology
| | | | - Dennis W Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Fern Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Perčič S, Kukec A, Cegnar T, Hojs A. Number of Heat Wave Deaths by Diagnosis, Sex, Age Groups, and Area, in Slovenia, 2015 vs. 2003. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010173. [PMID: 29361792 PMCID: PMC5800272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Number of deaths increases during periods of elevated heat. Objectives: To examine whether differences in heat-related deaths between 2003 and 2015 occurred in Slovenia. Materials and Methods: We estimated relative risks for deaths for the observed diagnoses, sex, age, and area, as well as 95% confidence intervals and excess deaths associated with heat waves occurring in 2015 and 2003. For comparison between 2015 and 2003, we calculated relative risks ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Statistically significant in 2015 were the following: age group 75+, all causes of deaths (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.22); all population, circulatory system diseases (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.30) and age group 75+, diseases of circulatory system (RR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.34). Statistically significant in 2003 were the following: female, age group 5–74, circulatory system diseases (RR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.08–2.62). Discussion: Comparison between 2015 and 2003, all, circulatory system diseases (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.55); male, circulatory system diseases (RRR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.41–2.43); all, age group 75+ circulatory system diseases (RRR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.07–1.69); male, age group 75+, circulatory system diseases (RRR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.03–2.25) and female, age group 75+, circulatory system diseases (RRR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.08–1.89). Conclusions: Public health efforts are urgent and should address circulatory system causes and old age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perčič
- Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health Slovenia, Zaloška 29, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Andreja Kukec
- Department for Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tanja Cegnar
- Slovenian Environment Agency, Vojkova cesta 1b, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ana Hojs
- Centre for Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health Slovenia, Zaloška 29, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mora AL, Bueno M, Rojas M. Mitochondria in the spotlight of aging and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:405-414. [PMID: 28145905 DOI: 10.1172/jci87440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic age-related lung disease with high mortality that is characterized by abnormal scarring of the lung parenchyma. There has been a recent attempt to define the age-associated changes predisposing individuals to develop IPF. Age-related perturbations that are increasingly found in epithelial cells and fibroblasts from IPF lungs compared with age-matched cells from normal lungs include defective autophagy, telomere attrition, altered proteostasis, and cell senescence. These divergent processes seem to converge in mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic distress, which potentiate maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to age-related diseases such as IPF. Therapeutic approaches that target aging processes may be beneficial for halting the progression of disease and improving quality of life in IPF patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Angulo J, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:1-32. [PMID: 27370407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ishii T, Gemma A, Kida K. Senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through effects on telomeres and the anti-aging molecule fibroblast growth factor 23. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:827-33. [PMID: 25257970 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fibroblast growth factor 23 knockout mice develop premature aging and emphysema, indicating that dysregulation of the normal aging process is involved in the pathobiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus, we explored the association among a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism of fibroblast growth factor 23, its protein concentration in serum and telomere length in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS The study involved 361 smokers; among whom, 244 were patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We genotyped a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism of fibroblast growth factor 23, rs7955866, and measured the telomere length of the peripheral blood cells. We also determined emphysema severity and airflow obstruction using computed tomography and pulmonary function tests, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed the association between the disease phenotypes and fibroblast growth factor 23 genotypes or telomere length of peripheral blood leukocytes, as well as the association between the serum level of the studied protein and its genotypes. RESULTS The mice with A alleles on rs7955866 showed severe upper lung emphysema (P = 0.008). The serum concentration of the tested protein was lower in the mice with A allele than in the G homozygotes (P = 0.004). Telomere shortening was associated with airflow obstruction (P = 0.009), but not with upper lung emphysema. CONCLUSIONS A variation of fibroblast growth factor 23 with a reduced serum concentration appeared to promote emphysema formation. Telomere shortening in peripheral blood leukocytes was not associated with emphysema, but with airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through an independent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Ishii
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozui Kida
- Respiratory Care Clinic, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
O'Reilly M, Sozo F, Harding R. Impact of preterm birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia on the developing lung: Long-term consequences for respiratory health. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:765-73. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan O'Reilly
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Foula Sozo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Richard Harding
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Using Cell-Based Strategies to Break the Link between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Development of Chronic Lung Disease in Later Life. Pulm Med 2013; 2013:874161. [PMID: 23401768 PMCID: PMC3557634 DOI: 10.1155/2013/874161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease of prematurity that affects very preterm infants. Although advances in perinatal care have changed the course of lung injury and enabled the survival of infants born as early as 23-24 weeks of gestation, BPD still remains a common complication of extreme prematurity, and there is no specific treatment for it. Furthermore, children, adolescents, and adults who were born very preterm and developed BPD have an increased risk of persistent lung dysfunction, including early-onset emphysema. Therefore, it is possible that early-life pulmonary insults, such as extreme prematurity and BPD, may increase the risk of COPD later in life, especially if exposed to secondary challenges such as respiratory infections and/or smoking. Recent advances in our understanding of stem/progenitor cells and their potential to repair damaged organs offer the possibility of cell-based treatments for neonatal and adult lung injuries. This paper summarizes the long-term pulmonary outcomes of preterm birth and BPD and discusses the recent advances of cell-based therapies for lung diseases, with a particular focus on BPD and COPD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gamble JL, Hurley BJ, Schultz PA, Jaglom WS, Krishnan N, Harris M. Climate change and older Americans: state of the science. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:15-22. [PMID: 23033457 PMCID: PMC3553435 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults make up 13% of the U.S. population, but are projected to account for 20% by 2040. Coinciding with this demographic shift, the rate of climate change is accelerating, bringing rising temperatures; increased risk of floods, droughts, and wildfires; stronger tropical storms and hurricanes; rising sea levels; and other climate-related hazards. Older Americans are expected to be located in places that may be relatively more affected by climate change, including coastal zones and large metropolitan areas. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to assess the vulnerability of older Americans to climate change and to identify opportunities for adaptation. METHODS We performed an extensive literature survey and summarized key findings related to demographics; climate stressors relevant to older adults; factors contributing to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity; and adaptation strategies. DISCUSSION A range of physiological and socioeconomic factors make older adults especially sensitive to and/or at risk for exposure to heat waves and other extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes, floods, droughts), poor air quality, and infectious diseases. Climate change may increase the frequency or severity of these events. CONCLUSIONS Older Americans are likely to be especially vulnerable to stressors associated with climate change. Although a growing body of evidence reports the adverse effects of heat on the health of older adults, research gaps remain for other climate-related risks. We need additional study of the vulnerability of older adults and the interplay of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive responses to projected climate stressors.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pleil JD, Williams MA, Sobus JR. Chemical Safety for Sustainability (CSS): Human in vivo biomonitoring data for complementing results from in vitro toxicology—A commentary. Toxicol Lett 2012; 215:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
20
|
Taylor MD, Clewell HJ, Andersen ME, Schroeter JD, Yoon M, Keene AM, Dorman DC. Update on a Pharmacokinetic-Centric Alternative Tier II Program for MMT-Part II: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Manganese Risk Assessment. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:791431. [PMID: 22645610 PMCID: PMC3356703 DOI: 10.1155/2012/791431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a variety of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been developed for the essential element manganese. This paper reviews the development of PBPK models (e.g., adult, pregnant, lactating, and neonatal rats, nonhuman primates, and adult, pregnant, lactating, and neonatal humans) and relevant risk assessment applications. Each PBPK model incorporates critical features including dose-dependent saturable tissue capacities and asymmetrical diffusional flux of manganese into brain and other tissues. Varied influx and efflux diffusion rate and binding constants for different brain regions account for the differential increases in regional brain manganese concentrations observed experimentally. We also present novel PBPK simulations to predict manganese tissue concentrations in fetal, neonatal, pregnant, or aged individuals, as well as individuals with liver disease or chronic manganese inhalation. The results of these simulations could help guide risk assessors in the application of uncertainty factors as they establish exposure guidelines for the general public or workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Taylor
- Health, Safety, Environment, and Security, Afton Chemical Corp., Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Harvey J. Clewell
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Melvin E. Andersen
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jeffry D. Schroeter
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Miyoung Yoon
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Athena M. Keene
- Health, Safety, Environment, and Security, Afton Chemical Corp., Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - David C. Dorman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| |
Collapse
|