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Ingol TT, Li R, Boone KM, Rausch J, Klebanoff MA, Turner AN, Yeates KO, Nelin MA, Sheppard KW, Keim SA. Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acid Supplementation of Toddlers Born Preterm Does Not Affect Short-Term Growth or Adiposity. J Nutr 2019; 149:2182-2190. [PMID: 31187863 PMCID: PMC7443757 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary DHA intake among US toddlers is low. Healthy physical growth is an important objective for the clinical care of children born preterm. OBJECTIVES The aim of the trial was to examine the effects of supplementing toddlers born preterm with DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) for 180 d on growth and adiposity. METHODS Omega Tots, a randomized placebo-controlled trial, was conducted between April 2012 and March 2017. Children born at <35 wk gestation who were 10-16 mo in corrected age were assigned to receive daily oral supplements of DHA and AA (200 mg each, "DHA + AA") or corn oil (placebo) for 180 d. Prespecified secondary outcomes included weight, length, head circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, BMI, and their respective z scores, and body fat percentage, which were measured at baseline and trial completion. Mixed-effects regression was used to compare the change in outcomes between the DHA + AA and placebo groups, controlling for baseline values. RESULTS Among 377 children included in the analysis (median corrected age = 15.7 mo, 48.3% female), 348 (92.3%) had growth or adiposity data at baseline and trial end. No statistically significant differences between the DHA + AA and placebo groups in growth or adiposity outcomes were observed. For instance, the change in weight-for-age z scores was 0.1 for the DHA + AA group and 0.0 for the placebo group (effect size = 0.01, P = 0.99). However, post-hoc subgroup analyses revealed a statistically significant interaction between treatment group and sex, suggesting somewhat slower linear growth for females assigned to the DHA + AA group compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Among toddlers born preterm, daily supplementation with DHA + AA for 180 d resulted in no short-term differences in growth or adiposity compared with placebo. If DHA supplementation is implemented after the first year of life, it can be expected to have no effect on short-term growth or adiposity. This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02199808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniqua T Ingol
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelly M Boone
- Schoenbaum Family Center and Crane Center for Early Childhood Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Rausch
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark A Klebanoff
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Abigail Norris Turner
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keith O Yeates
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mary Ann Nelin
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelly W Sheppard
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah A Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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