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Groiss S, Viertler C, Kap M, Bernhardt G, Mischinger HJ, Sieuwerts A, Verhoef C, Riegman P, Kruhøffer M, Svec D, Sjöback SR, Becker KF, Zatloukal K. Inter-patient heterogeneity in the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury transcriptome: Implications for research and diagnostics. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:20-29. [PMID: 38072306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses induced by surgical procedure or ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may severely alter transcriptome profiles and complicate molecular diagnostics. To investigate this effect, we characterized such pre-analytical effects in 143 non-malignant liver samples obtained from 30 patients at different time points of ischemia during surgery from two individual cohorts treated either with the Pringle manoeuvre or total vascular exclusion. Transcriptomics profiles were analyzed by Affymetrix microarrays and expression of selected mRNAs was validated by RT-PCR. We found 179 mutually deregulated genes which point to elevated cytokine signaling with NFκB as a dominant pathway in ischemia responses. In contrast to ischemia, reperfusion induced pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cascades involving TNF, NFκB and MAPK pathways. FOS and JUN were down-regulated in steatosis compared to their up-regulation in normal livers. Surprisingly, molecular signatures of underlying primary and secondary cancers were present in non-tumor tissue. The reported inter-patient variability might reflect differences in individual stress responses and impact of underlying disease conditions. Furthermore, we provide a set of 230 pre-analytically highly robust genes identified from histologically normal livers (<2% covariation across both cohorts) that might serve as reference genes and could be particularly suited for future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Groiss
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Viertler
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marcel Kap
- Pathology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Bernhardt
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Jörg Mischinger
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anieta Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cees Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Riegman
- Pathology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David Svec
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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2
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Liu R, Qian MP, Cui YY. Protein kinases: The key contributors in pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-derived hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism 2023; 147:155665. [PMID: 37517794 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs), one of the largest protein families, can be further divided into different groups based on their substrate or structure and function. PKs are important signaling messengers in numerous life activities, including cell metabolism, proliferation, division, differentiation, senescence, death, and disease. Among PK-related diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver transplantation. Unfortunately, NAFLD-derived HCC (NAFLD-HCC) has poor prognosis because it is typically accompanied by older age, multiple metabolic syndromes, obstacles in early-stage diagnosis, and limited licensed drugs for treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that PKs are implicated in the pathogenic process of NAFLD-HCC, via aberrant metabolism, hypoxia, autophagy, hypoxia, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and/or immune cell rearrangement. The present review aims to summarize the latest research advances and emphasize the feasibility and effectiveness of therapeutic strategies that regulate the expression and activities of PKs. This might yield clinically significant effects and lead to the design of novel PK-targeting therapies. Furthermore, we discuss emerging PK-based strategies for the treatment of other malignant diseases similar to NAFLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ming-Ping Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou First People's Hospital, Anhui 234099, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China; Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China (Tongji University), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200331, China.
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3
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Vucur M, Ghallab A, Schneider AT, Adili A, Cheng M, Castoldi M, Singer MT, Büttner V, Keysberg LS, Küsgens L, Kohlhepp M, Görg B, Gallage S, Barragan Avila JE, Unger K, Kordes C, Leblond AL, Albrecht W, Loosen SH, Lohr C, Jördens MS, Babler A, Hayat S, Schumacher D, Koenen MT, Govaere O, Boekschoten MV, Jörs S, Villacorta-Martin C, Mazzaferro V, Llovet JM, Weiskirchen R, Kather JN, Starlinger P, Trauner M, Luedde M, Heij LR, Neumann UP, Keitel V, Bode JG, Schneider RK, Tacke F, Levkau B, Lammers T, Fluegen G, Alexandrov T, Collins AL, Nelson G, Oakley F, Mann DA, Roderburg C, Longerich T, Weber A, Villanueva A, Samson AL, Murphy JM, Kramann R, Geisler F, Costa IG, Hengstler JG, Heikenwalder M, Luedde T. Sublethal necroptosis signaling promotes inflammation and liver cancer. Immunity 2023; 56:1578-1595.e8. [PMID: 37329888 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It is currently not well known how necroptosis and necroptosis responses manifest in vivo. Here, we uncovered a molecular switch facilitating reprogramming between two alternative modes of necroptosis signaling in hepatocytes, fundamentally affecting immune responses and hepatocarcinogenesis. Concomitant necrosome and NF-κB activation in hepatocytes, which physiologically express low concentrations of receptor-interacting kinase 3 (RIPK3), did not lead to immediate cell death but forced them into a prolonged "sublethal" state with leaky membranes, functioning as secretory cells that released specific chemokines including CCL20 and MCP-1. This triggered hepatic cell proliferation as well as activation of procarcinogenic monocyte-derived macrophage cell clusters, contributing to hepatocarcinogenesis. In contrast, necrosome activation in hepatocytes with inactive NF-κB-signaling caused an accelerated execution of necroptosis, limiting alarmin release, and thereby preventing inflammation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Consistently, intratumoral NF-κB-necroptosis signatures were associated with poor prognosis in human hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, pharmacological reprogramming between these distinct forms of necroptosis may represent a promising strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Anne T Schneider
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Arlind Adili
- Department of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mingbo Cheng
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirco Castoldi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael T Singer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronika Büttner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie S Keysberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Küsgens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlene Kohlhepp
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Department of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jose Efren Barragan Avila
- Department of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Kordes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Leblond
- Department for pathology and molecular pathology, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven H Loosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Lohr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus S Jördens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Babler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria T Koenen
- Department of Medicine, Rhein-Maas-Klinikum, Würselen, Germany
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Jörs
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Liver Unit, CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakob N Kather
- Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lara R Heij
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Magdeburg, Medical Faculty of Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute of Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Fluegen
- Department of Surgery (A), University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Theodore Alexandrov
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amy L Collins
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Department for pathology and molecular pathology, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre L Samson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Geisler
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Department of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Institute (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; The M3 Research Institute, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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4
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Hoff J, Xiong L, Kammann T, Neugebauer S, Micheel JM, Gaßler N, Bauer M, Press AT. RIPK3 promoter hypermethylation in hepatocytes protects from bile acid-induced inflammation and necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:275. [PMID: 37072399 PMCID: PMC10113265 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis facilitates cell death in a controlled manner and is employed by many cell types following injury. It plays a significant role in various liver diseases, albeit the cell-type-specific regulation of necroptosis in the liver and especially hepatocytes, has not yet been conceptualized. We demonstrate that DNA methylation suppresses RIPK3 expression in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In diseases leading to cholestasis, the RIPK3 expression is induced in mice and humans in a cell-type-specific manner. Overexpression of RIPK3 in HepG2 cells leads to RIPK3 activation by phosphorylation and cell death, further modulated by different bile acids. Additionally, bile acids and RIPK3 activation further facilitate JNK phosphorylation, IL-8 expression, and its release. This suggests that hepatocytes suppress RIPK3 expression to protect themselves from necroptosis and cytokine release induced by bile acid and RIPK3. In chronic liver diseases associated with cholestasis, induction of RIPK3 expression may be an early event signaling danger and repair through releasing IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Ling Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Tobias Kammann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07743, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
| | - Julia M Micheel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | | | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nanophysiology Group, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07747, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, 07743, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07747, Germany.
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5
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Wu X, Fan X, McMullen MR, Miyata T, Kim A, Pathak V, Wu J, Day LZ, Hardesty JE, Welch N, Dasarathy J, Allende DS, McCullough AJ, Jacobs JM, Rotroff DM, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. Macrophage-derived MLKL in alcohol-associated liver disease: Regulation of phagocytosis. Hepatology 2023; 77:902-919. [PMID: 35689613 PMCID: PMC9741663 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), a key terminal effector of necroptosis, also plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking that is critical for regulating liver inflammation and injury in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Although receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (Rip3)-/- mice are completely protected from ethanol-induced liver injury, Mlkl-/- mice are only partially protected. Therefore, we hypothesized that cell-specific functions of MLKL may contribute to ethanol-induced injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Bone marrow transplants between Mlkl-/- mice and littermates were conducted to distinguish the role of myeloid versus nonmyeloid Mlkl in the Gao-binge model of ALD. Ethanol-induced hepatic injury, steatosis, and inflammation were exacerbated in Mlkl-/- →wild-type (WT) mice, whereas Mlkl deficiency in nonmyeloid cells (WT→ Mlkl-/- ) had no effect on Gao-binge ethanol-induced injury. Importantly, Mlkl deficiency in myeloid cells exacerbated ethanol-mediated bacterial burden and accumulation of immune cells in livers. Mechanistically, challenging macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated expression and phosphorylation of MLKL, as well as translocation and oligomerization of MLKL to intracellular compartments, including phagosomes and lysosomes but not plasma membrane. Importantly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MLKL suppressed the phagocytic capability of primary mouse Kupffer cells (KCs) at baseline and in response to LPS with/without ethanol as well as peripheral monocytes isolated from both healthy controls and patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. Further, in vivo studies revealed that KCs of Mlkl-/- mice phagocytosed fewer bioparticles than KCs of WT mice. CONCLUSION Together, these data indicate that myeloid MLKL restricts ethanol-induced liver inflammation and injury by regulating hepatic immune cell homeostasis and macrophage phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiude Fan
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Le Z. Day
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Josiah E. Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaividhya Dasarathy
- Department of Family Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Arthur J. McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Daniel M. Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Endocrine and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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6
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Ferreira MS, Sousa JR, Bezerra Júnior PS, Cerqueira VD, Oliveira Júnior CA, Rivero GRC, Castro PHG, Silva GA, Muniz JAPC, da Silva EVP, Casseb SMM, Pagliari C, Martins LC, Tesh RB, Quaresma JAS, Vasconcelos PFC. Experimental Yellow Fever in Squirrel Monkey: Characterization of Liver In Situ Immune Response. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020551. [PMID: 36851765 PMCID: PMC9961022 DOI: 10.3390/v15020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates contribute to the spread of yellow fever virus (YFV) and the establishment of transmission cycles in endemic areas, such as Brazil. This study aims to investigate virological, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in livers of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) infected with the YFV. Viremia occurred 1-30 days post infection (dpi) and the virus showed a predilection for the middle zone (Z2). The livers were jaundiced with subcapsular and hemorrhagic multifocal petechiae. Apoptosis, lytic and coagulative necrosis, steatosis and cellular edema were also observed. The immune response was characterized by the expression of S100, CD11b, CD57, CD4 and CD20; endothelial markers; stress and cell death; pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as Treg (IL-35) and IL-17 throughout the experimental period. Lesions during the severe phase of the disease were associated with excessive production of apoptotic pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, released by inflammatory response cells (CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes) and associated with high expression of molecules of adhesion in the inflammatory foci observed in Z2. Immunostaining of the local endothelium in vascular cells and the bile duct was intense, suggesting a fundamental role in liver damage and in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene S. Ferreira
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316, km-07, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorge R. Sousa
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316, km-07, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro S. Bezerra Júnior
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Pará, Brazil
| | - Valíria D. Cerqueira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gabriela R. C. Rivero
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Gilmara A. Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316, km-07, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Samir M. M. Casseb
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316, km-07, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia C. Martins
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316, km-07, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Department of Pathology, Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0419, USA
| | - Juarez A. S. Quaresma
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316, km-07, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66055-240, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Pará State University, Belém 66050-540, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Rodovia BR 316, km-07, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Pará State University, Belém 66050-540, Pará, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-91-3214-2270
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7
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Jiang X, Deng W, Tao S, Tang Z, Chen Y, Tian M, Wang T, Tao C, Li Y, Fang Y, Pu C, Gao J, Wang X, Qu W, Gai X, Ding Z, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Cao S, Zhou J, Huang M, Liu W, Xu J, Fan J, Shi Y. A RIPK3-independent role of MLKL in suppressing parthanatos promotes immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Discov 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 36650126 PMCID: PMC9845215 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is widely accepted as an executioner of necroptosis, in which MLKL mediates necroptotic signaling and triggers cell death in a receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-dependent manner. Recently, it is increasingly noted that RIPK3 is intrinsically silenced in hepatocytes, raising a question about the role of MLKL in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study reports a previously unrecognized role of MLKL in regulating parthanatos, a programmed cell death distinct from necroptosis. In HCC cells with intrinsic RIPK3 deficiency, knockout of MLKL impedes the orthotopic tumor growth, activates the anti-tumor immune response and enhances the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockade in syngeneic HCC tumor models. Mechanistically, MLKL is required for maintaining the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial Mg2+ dynamics in HCC cells. MLKL deficiency restricts ER Mg2+ release and mitochondrial Mg2+ uptake, leading to ER dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress, which together confer increased susceptibility to metabolic stress-induced parthanatos. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to block parthanatos restores the tumor growth and immune evasion in MLKL-knockout HCC tumors. Together, our data demonstrate a new RIPK3-independent role of MLKL in regulating parthanatos and highlight the role of MLKL in facilitating immune evasion in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifei Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Deng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Tao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxin Tian
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Tao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yize Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Pu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Qu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiameng Gai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbin Ding
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixian Fu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuwei Cao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Huang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiren Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Fan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Research Unit of Liver Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China ,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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8
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Roles of RIPK3 in necroptosis, cell signaling, and disease. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1695-1704. [PMID: 36224345 PMCID: PMC9636380 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3, or RIP3) is an essential protein in the "programmed" and "regulated" cell death pathway called necroptosis. Necroptosis is activated by the death receptor ligands and pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system, and the findings of many reports have suggested that necroptosis is highly significant in health and human disease. This significance is largely because necroptosis is distinguished from other modes of cell death, especially apoptosis, in that it is highly proinflammatory given that cell membrane integrity is lost, triggering the activation of the immune system and inflammation. Here, we discuss the roles of RIPK3 in cell signaling, along with its role in necroptosis and various pathways that trigger RIPK3 activation and cell death. Lastly, we consider pathological situations in which RIPK3/necroptosis may play a role.
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9
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Bai L, Lu W, Tang S, Tang H, Xu M, Liang C, Zheng S, Liu S, Kong M, Duan Z, Chen Y. Galectin-3 critically mediates the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in ACLF by inhibiting pyroptosis but not necroptosis signalling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:775. [PMID: 36075893 PMCID: PMC9458748 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously documented that M2-like macrophages exert a hepatoprotective effect in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) by inhibiting necroptosis signalling. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism behind this hepatoprotection still needs to be further dissected. Galectin-3 (GAL3) has been reported to be critically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple liver diseases, whereas the potential role of GAL3 in ACLF remains to be explored. Herein, we hypothesised that GAL3 plays a pivotal role in the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in ACLF by inhibiting necroptosis. To test this hypothesis, we first assessed the expression of GAL3 in control and fibrotic mice with or without acute insult. Second, loss- and gain-of-function experiments of GAL3 were performed. Third, the correlation between GAL3 and M2-like macrophage activation was analysed, and the potential role of GAL3 in M2-like macrophage-conferred hepatoprotection was confirmed. Finally, the molecular mechanism underlying GAL3-mediated hepatoprotection was dissected. GAL3 was found to be obviously upregulated in fibrotic mice with or without acute insult but not in acutely injured mice. Depletion of GAL3 aggravated hepatic damage in fibrotic mice upon insult. Conversely, adoptive transfer of GAL3 provided normal mice enhanced resistance against acute insult. The expression of GAL3 is closely correlated with M2-like macrophage activation. Through adoptive transfer and depletion experiments, M2-like macrophages were verified to act as a major source of GAL3. Importantly, GAL3 was confirmed to hold a pivotal place in the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages through loss- and gain-of-function experiments. Unexpectedly, the depletion and adoptive transfer of GAL3 resulted in significant differences in the expression levels of pyroptosis but not necroptosis signalling molecules. Taken together, GAL3 plays a pivotal role in the hepatoprotection conferred by M2-like macrophages in ACLF by inhibiting pyroptosis but not necroptosis signalling. Our findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Wang Lu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Shan Tang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe First Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Tang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Manman Xu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe First Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe First Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kong
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XThe Fourth Department of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China ,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, 100069 Beijing, China
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10
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Singh V, Huang E, Pathak V, Willard BB, Allende DS, Nagy LE. Phosphoproteomics identifies pathways underlying the role of receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 in alcohol-associated liver disease and uncovers apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 as a target. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2022-2041. [PMID: 35438255 PMCID: PMC9315126 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 (RIP3), a critical determinant of the necroptotic pathway of programmed cell death, contributes to injury in murine models of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the hepatic phosphoproteome in C57BL/6 and RIP3-deficient (Rip3-/- ) mice, focusing on death receptor (DR) signaling pathways. C57BL/6 and Rip3-/- mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet or pair-fed control diet. A label-free mass spectrometry-based approach identified differentially phosphorylated proteins that were mapped to pathways affected by ethanol and Rip3 genotype. Identified targets were validated in both the murine model of ALD and in liver tissue from patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) and healthy controls. Chronic ethanol dysregulated hepatic tumor necrosis factor-induced DR signaling pathways. Of particular importance, chronic ethanol feeding to C57BL/6 mice decreased the phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) at serine (S)1036/S1040 (S1029/S1033 human), sites linked with the inhibition of ASK1 death-promoting activity. This decrease in phosphorylation of inhibitory sites was muted in Rip3-/- mice. Decreased phosphorylation at S1033 was also lower in liver of patients with severe AH compared to healthy controls, and phosphorylation at the ASK1 activation site (threonine [Thr]-838) was increased in patients with AH. The net impact of these changes in phosphorylation of ASK1 was associated with increased phosphorylation of p38, a downstream target of ASK1, in patients with AH and C57BL/6 but not Rip3-/- mice. Similarly, chronic ethanol feeding affected the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in C57BL/6 but not Rip3-/- mice. Taken together, our data indicate that changes in inhibitory phosphorylation of ASK1 are an important target in ALD and suggest the involvement of noncanonical functions of Rip3 in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Belinda B Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics CoreCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Center for Liver Disease ResearchCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
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11
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The role of protein kinases as key drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease progression: New insights and future directions. Life Sci 2022; 305:120732. [PMID: 35760093 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), proposed in 2020 is a novel term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which was coined for the first time in 1980. It is a leading cause of the most chronic liver disease and hepatic failure all over the world, and unfortunately, with no licensed drugs for treatment yet. The progress of the disease is driven by the triggered inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in many pathways, starting with simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Protein kinases (PKs), such as MAPK, ErbB, PKC, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR, govern most of the pathological pathways by acting on various downstream key points in MAFLD and regulating both hepatic gluco- lipo-neogenesis and inflammation. Therefore, modulating the function of those potential protein kinases that are effectively involved in MAFLD might be a promising therapeutic approach for tackling this disease. In the current review, we have discussed the key role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and performed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network among the main proteins of each kinase pathway with MAFLD-related proteins to predict the most likely targets of the PKs in MAFLD. Moreover, we have reported the experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical data for the most recent investigated molecules that are activating p38-MAPK and AMPK proteins and inhibiting the other PKs to improve MAFLD condition by regulating oxidation and inflammation signalling.
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12
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Necroptosis modulation by cisplatin and sunitinib in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Life Sci 2022; 301:120594. [PMID: 35500680 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Systemic chemotherapy such as cisplatin and multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including sunitinib, has marginal activity and frequent toxicity. Recently, necroptosis has been investigated as a potential target in treating cancer. Our aim is to evaluate the influence of cisplatin-sunitinib combination on HepG2 cells regarding their cytotoxicity and implicated intracellular pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of cisplatin, sunitinib, and their combination were determined by Sulforhodamine-B assay. Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels were assayed using western blot. ELISA technique was used to measure pRIPK3/RIPK3, pERK/ERK, caspase-9, caspase-8, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). KEY FINDINGS Cisplatin-sunitinib combination exhibited a superior cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells. Low concentrations of 4 μg/ml cisplatin and 2.8 μg/ml sunitinib showed significant Bcl-2 down-regulation and Bax up-regulation. The combined treatment also lowered pRIPK3/RIPK3 by 74% (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Significant increase in pERK/ERK by 3.9 folds over the normal control was also demonstrated. Moreover, combined treatment produced a significant 4 and 4.6 folds increase in caspase-9 and -8 levels. An increase in MDA level by 1.3 folds, a decrease in the intracellular GSH level by 63%, and an increase in GPx level by 1.17 folds were demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE Sunitinib modulated cisplatin effect on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necroptosis and MAPK pathways. Sunitinib enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and increased oxidative stress, but decreased necroptosis. Combined cisplatin and sunitinib might be promising for treating advanced HCC.
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13
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Islam T, Afonso MB, Rodrigues CMP. The role of RIPK3 in liver mitochondria bioenergetics and function. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13648. [PMID: 34219227 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a key player of regulated necrosis or necroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death possibly governing outcomes in chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS This narrative review is based on literature search using PubMed. RESULTS RIPK3 activation depends on post-transcriptional modifications, including phosphorylation, hence coordinating the assembly of macromolecular death complex named 'necrosome', which may also involve diverse mitochondrial components. Curiously, recent studies suggested a potential link between RIPK3 and mitochondrial bioenergetics. RIPK3 can modulate mitochondrial function and quality through the regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, sequestration of metabolic enzymes and resident mitochondrial proteins, activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Since mitochondrial dysfunction and RIPK3-mediated necroptosis are intimately involved in chronic liver disease pathogenesis, understanding the role of RIPK3 in mitochondrial bioenergetics and its potential translational application are of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawhidul Islam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Zhang H, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Wang L, Jiang W, Liu L, Yue S, Zheng P, Liu H. Intermittent hypoxia aggravates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via RIPK3-dependent necroptosis-modulated Nrf2/NFκB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2021; 285:119963. [PMID: 34536498 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatocyte necroptosis is a critical event in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) may be linked with the pathogenesis and the severity of NAFLD. However, the potential role of necroptosis in OSAHS-associated NAFLD has not been evaluated. The present study investigated whether IH could affect NAFLD progression through promoting receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3)-dependent necroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, and further elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS LO2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) and subjected to IH, and necroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were assessed. The high-fat choline-deficient (HFCD)-fed mouse model was also used to assess the effects of CIH in experimental NAFLD in vivo. KEY FINDINGS In this study, we found that RIPK3-mediated necroptosis was activated both in the PA plus IH-treated LO2 cells and liver of HFCD/CIH mice, and which could trigger oxidative stress and inflammatory response by decreasing Nrf2 and increasing p-P65. RIPK3 downregulation significantly reduced hepatocyte necroptosis, and ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation through modulating Nrf2/NFκB pathway in vitro and vivo. Similarly, pretreatment with TBHQ, an activator of Nrf2, effectively blocked the generation of oxidative productions and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, RIPK3 inhibitor GSK-872 or TBHQ administration obviously alleviated hepatic injury, including histology, transaminase activities, and triglyceride contents in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE IH aggravates NAFLD via RIPK3-dependent necroptosis-modulated Nrf2/NFκB signaling pathway, and which should be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD with OSASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Weiling Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Yue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
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15
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Gao C, Feng Z, Wang L, Zhao X, Fu K, Ma S, Yang Z, Wang S, Yu S. The potential value of plasma receptor interacting protein 3 in neonates with culture-positive late-onset sepsis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:919. [PMID: 34488677 PMCID: PMC8422743 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-onset sepsis (LOS) is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in neonates, and the molecular mechanism of LOS is incompletely characterized. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential value of receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in LOS. Methods 63 neonates with LOS supported by positive culture and 79 neonates without sepsis were enrolled in this study from September 2019 to March 2021. Plasma RIP3 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and assessed along with the whole blood hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and platelet count (PLT). Differences in RIP3, hs-CRP and PLT between the two groups were compared. Changes in the three indicators in sepsis were also observed after treatment. The diagnostic value of indicators for LOS was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results In the sepsis group, RIP3 and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (RIP3, p < 0.0001; hs-CRP, p < 0.0001), and PLT was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.0001). After treatment, RIP3 and hs-CRP levels among septic survivors were significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) and PLT significantly improved (p = 0.0216). With RIP3 > 15,845.19 pg/mL, hs-CRP > 5.00 mg/L, and PLT < 204.00 × 109/L as the positive criteria, the sensitivity values of the three indicators in the diagnosis of LOS were 69.8%, 60.3%, 60.3%, respectively, and the specificity values were 92.4%, 96.2%, 79.8%, respectively. The combination of RIP3, hs-CRP and PLT had a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 97.5%. Conclusions RIP3 may contribute to the early diagnosis of LOS and monitoring of treatment effect. The combined detection of RIP3, hs-CRP and PLT may be more effective than individual detection in the diagnosis of LOS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06636-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Gao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.,Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Zongtai Feng
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Zuming Yang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Sannan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, 215002, China.
| | - Shenglin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
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16
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Li L, Shan S, Kang K, Zhang C, Kou R, Song F. The cross-talk of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and necroptotic hepatocyte death in acetaminophen-induced mice acute liver injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:673-684. [PMID: 33021112 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120961158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Overdose acetaminophen (APAP) can result in severe liver injury, which is responsible for nearly half of drug-induced liver injury in western countries. Previous studies have found that there existed massive hepatocellular necrosis and severe inflammatory response in APAP-induced liver injury. However, the mechanistic linkage between necroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity remains poorly understood. In order to investigate the relationship between inflammation and hepatocytes death in APAP hepatotoxicity, a time-course model for APAP hepatotoxicity in C57/BL6 mice was established by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 300 mg/kg APAP in this study. The activity of serum enzymes and pathological changes of APAP-treated mice were evaluated, and the critical molecules in necroptosis and NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway were determined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis. The results demonstrated that APAP overdose resulted in a severe liver injury. Furthermore, the expression of critical molecules in NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis pathways peaked at 12-24 h, and then was decreased gradually, which is consistent with the pattern of pathological injury induced by APAP. Our further investigation found that the level of IL-1β in mouse liver was closely correlated with the level of phosphorylated MLKL following exposure to APAP. Furthermore, inhibition of necroptosis with necrostatin-1 significantly suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Taken together, our results highlighted that the cross-talk between necroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome played a critical role for promoting APAP-induced liver injury. Inhibition of the interaction of inflammation and necroptosis by pharmaceutical methods may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for APAP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 66555Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - S Shan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 66555Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - K Kang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 66555Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 66555Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - R Kou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 66555Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - F Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, 66555Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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17
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Li X, Dong G, Xiong H, Diao H. A narrative review of the role of necroptosis in liver disease: a double-edged sword. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:422. [PMID: 33842643 PMCID: PMC8033311 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver injuries lead to hepatocyte death and turnover. When injuries become chronic, continuous cell death and transformation lead to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually carcinoma. A therapeutic strategy of great significance for liver disease is to control hepatocyte death in acute and chronic injuries. This strategy prevents hepatocytes from causing liver failure and inhibits both secondary inflammation and fibrosis. Both apoptosis and necrosis have been proven to occur in the liver, but the role of necroptosis in liver diseases is controversial. Necroptosis, which has features of necrosis and apoptosis, is a regulatory process that occurs in some cell types when caspases are inhibited. The signaling pathway of necroptosis is characterized by the activation of receptor-interacting proteins kinase (RIPK) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Necroptosis is associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases and has been the focus of research in recent years. The incidence of necroptosis in liver tissues has been studied recently in several liver injury models, but the results of the studies are not consistent. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published data on the involvement of necroptosis in liver injury, focusing on the controversies, issues remaining to be discussed, and potential therapeutic applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Miyata T, Wu X, Fan X, Huang E, Sanz-Garcia C, Ross CKCD, Roychowdhury S, Bellar A, McMullen MR, Dasarathy J, Allende DS, Caballeria J, Sancho-Bru P, McClain CJ, Mitchell M, McCullough AJ, Radaeva S, Barton B, Szabo G, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. Differential role of MLKL in alcohol-associated and non-alcohol-associated fatty liver diseases in mice and humans. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140180. [PMID: 33616081 PMCID: PMC7934930 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular death contributes to progression of alcohol-associated (ALD-associated) and non-alcohol-associated (NAFL/NASH) liver diseases. However, receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 (RIP3), an intermediate in necroptotic cell death, contributes to injury in murine models of ALD but not NAFL/NASH. We show here that a differential role for mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), the downstream effector of RIP3, in murine models of ALD versus NAFL/NASH and that RIP1-RIP3-MLKL can be used as biomarkers to distinguish alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) from NASH. Phospho-MLKL was higher in livers of patients with NASH compared with AH or healthy controls (HCs). MLKL expression, phosphorylation, oligomerization, and translocation to plasma membrane were induced in WT mice fed diets high in fat, fructose, and cholesterol but not in response to Gao-binge (acute on chronic) ethanol exposure. Mlkl-/- mice were not protected from ethanol-induced hepatocellular injury, which was associated with increased expression of chemokines and neutrophil recruitment. Circulating concentrations of RIP1 and RIP3, but not MLKL, distinguished patients with AH from HCs or patients with NASH. Taken together, these data indicate that MLKL is differentially activated in ALD/AH compared with NAFL/NASH in both murine models and patients. Furthermore, plasma RIP1 and RIP3 may be promising biomarkers for distinguishing AH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Miyata
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiude Fan
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carlos Sanz-Garcia
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Annette Bellar
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaividhya Dasarathy
- Department of Family Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Joan Caballeria
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mack Mitchell
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arthur J. McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Svetlana Radaeva
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Northern Ohio Alcohol Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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19
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Iorga A, Donovan K, Shojaie L, Johnson H, Kwok J, Suda J, Lee BT, Aghajan M, Shao L, Liu ZX, Dara L. Interaction of RIPK1 and A20 modulates MAPK signaling in murine acetaminophen toxicity. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100300. [PMID: 33460648 PMCID: PMC7948960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver necrosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) in which APAP activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and specifically the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, leading to necrotic cell death. Previously, we have shown that receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) knockdown is also protective against APAP RCD upstream of JNK. However, whether the kinase or platform function of RIPK1 is involved in APAP RCD is not known. To answer this question, we used genetic mouse models of targeted hepatocyte RIPK1 knockout (RIPK1HepCKO) or kinase dead knock-in (RIPK1D138N) and adult hepatocyte specific knockout of the cytoprotective protein A20 (A20HepCKO), known to interact with RIPK1, to study its potential involvement in MAPK signaling. We observed no difference in injury between WT and RIPK1D138N mice post APAP. However, RIPK1HepCKO was protective. We found that RIPK1HepCKO mice had attenuated pJNK activation, while A20 was simultaneously upregulated. Conversely, A20HepCKO markedly worsened liver injury from APAP. Mechanistically, we observed a significant upregulation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and increased JNK activation in A20HepCKO mice compared with littermate controls. We also demonstrated that A20 coimmunoprecipitated (co-IP) with both RIPK1 and ASK1, and that in the presence of RIPK1, there was less A20-ASK1 association than in its absence. We conclude that the kinase-independent platform function of RIPK1 is involved in APAP toxicity. Adult RIPK1HepCKO mice are protected against APAP by upregulating A20 and attenuating JNK signaling through ASK1, conversely, A20HepCKO worsens injury from APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iorga
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine Donovan
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Layla Shojaie
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heather Johnson
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janet Kwok
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jo Suda
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian T Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ling Shao
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lily Dara
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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20
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Shojaie L, Iorga A, Dara L. Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249682. [PMID: 33353156 PMCID: PMC7766597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is pivotal in directing the severity and outcome of liver injury. Hepatocyte cell death is a critical event in the progression of liver disease due to resultant inflammation leading to fibrosis. Apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and recently, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, have all been investigated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. These cell death subroutines display distinct features, while sharing many similar characteristics with considerable overlap and crosstalk. Multiple types of cell death modes can likely coexist, and the death of different liver cell populations may contribute to liver injury in each type of disease. This review addresses the known signaling cascades in each cell death pathway and its implications in liver disease. In this review, we describe the common findings in each disease model, as well as the controversies and the limitations of current data with a particular focus on cell death-related research in humans and in rodent models of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NASH/NAFLD), acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, and viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Shojaie
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrea Iorga
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lily Dara
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fatty liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:73-91. [PMID: 33268887 PMCID: PMC7852578 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the two major types of chronic liver disease worldwide. Inflammatory processes play key roles in the pathogeneses of fatty liver diseases, and continuous inflammation promotes the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although both ALD and NAFLD are closely related to inflammation, their respective developmental mechanisms differ to some extent. Here, we review the roles of multiple immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets related to the inflammation associated with fatty liver diseases and the differences in the progression of ASH and NASH. Multiple cell types in the liver, including macrophages, neutrophils, other immune cell types and hepatocytes, are involved in fatty liver disease inflammation. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and complement also contribute to the inflammatory process, as does intertissue crosstalk between the liver and the intestine, adipose tissue, and the nervous system. We point out that inflammation also plays important roles in promoting liver repair and controlling bacterial infections. Understanding the complex regulatory process of disrupted homeostasis during the development of fatty liver diseases may lead to the development of improved targeted therapeutic intervention strategies.
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22
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Liu X, Guo R, Meng X, Fang J, Lu L. The Role of RIPK1/3 in Adult Onset Still's Disease Patients With Liver Damage: A Preliminary Study. Front Immunol 2020; 11:560744. [PMID: 33329521 PMCID: PMC7732483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.560744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the distributions of lymphocytes in adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) with liver dysfunction, and further prospectively explore whether receptor interacting serine/threonine kinases (RIPKs) in lymphocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of AOSD especially liver involvement. Methods Seventy-two AOSD patients and 19 cases of healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively reviewed, the AOSD group was then divided into liver damage (LD) group and non-liver damage (NLD) group, and the distributions of lymphocytes in peripheral blood were analyzed. Another independent 24 AOSD patients and 20 HCs were recruited for prospective study of RIPKs; the RIPKs in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Liver biopsy specimens were obtained from two AOSD patients and underwent immunochemistry analysis with RIPK1 and RIPK3 antibody. Results In the retrospective study, AOSD showed significantly abnormal lymphocytes distributions, and disease activity was positively correlated with percentage of CD3+ T cells. LD patients were younger in age and showed higher disease activity score than NLD patients; they had higher frequencies of CD3+ T cells, especially higher CD8+ T cells (all p<0.05). In the prospective study, RIPKs in lymphocytes were significantly higher in AOSD patients than that of HCs, and LD patients also showed higher RIPKs expression than NLD patients. In addition, RIPKs were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and disease activity in AOSD patients and LD and NLD subgroups (all p<0.05). Further, RIPKs expression was confirmed in two AOSD patients’ liver. ROC curve analysis indicated that RIPKs in lymphocytes (%) could be potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of AOSD and liver damage. Conclusions Abnormal lymphocytes distributions and RIPKs expression were detected in AOSD. Aberrant expression of RIPKs in lymphocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of AOSD. RIPKs could be candidate markers for AOSD and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruru Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchen Fang
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Wu X, Poulsen KL, Sanz-Garcia C, Huang E, McMullen MR, Roychowdhury S, Dasarathy S, Nagy LE. MLKL-dependent signaling regulates autophagic flux in a murine model of non-alcohol-associated fatty liver and steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:616-627. [PMID: 32220583 PMCID: PMC7438259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis and plays a critical role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis. The pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is a key downstream effector of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) in the necroptotic pathway of programmed cell death. However, recent data reveal that MLKL also regulates autophagy. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that MLKL contributes to the progression of Western diet-induced liver injury in mice by regulating autophagy. METHODS Rip3+/+, Rip3-/-, Mlkl+/+ and Mlkl-/- mice were fed a Western diet (FFC diet, high in fat, fructose and cholesterol) or chow for 12 weeks. AML12 and primary mouse hepatocytes were exposed to palmitic acid (PA). RESULTS The FFC diet increased expression, phosphorylation and oligomerization of MLKL in the liver. Mlkl, but not Rip3, deficiency protected mice from FFC diet-induced liver injury. The FFC diet also induced accumulation of p62 and LC3-II, as well as markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, in Mlkl+/+ but not Mlkl-/- mice. Mlkl deficiency in mice also prevented the inhibition of autophagy by a protease inhibitor, leupeptin. Using an mRFP-GFP-LC3 reporter in cultured hepatocytes revealed that PA blocked the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. PA triggered MLKL expression and translocation, first to autophagosomes and then to the plasma membrane, independently of Rip3. Mlkl, but not Rip3, deficiency prevented inhibition of autophagy in PA-treated hepatocytes. Overexpression of Mlkl blocked autophagy independently of PA. Additionally, pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy induced MLKL expression and translocation to the plasma membrane in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that MLKL-dependent, but RIP3-independent, signaling contributes to FFC diet-induced liver injury by inhibiting autophagy. LAY SUMMARY Autophagy is a regulated process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Impaired autophagy contributes to cell injury and death, thus playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including non-alcohol-associated fatty liver and steatohepatitis. Herein, we show that Mlkl-dependent, but Rip3-independent, signaling contributed to diet-induced liver injury and inflammatory responses by inhibiting autophagy. These data identify a novel co-regulatory mechanism between necroptotic and autophagic signaling pathways in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kyle L. Poulsen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Carlos Sanz-Garcia
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Emily Huang
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;,Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,Corresponding author. Address: Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute/NE40 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195. Tel.: 216-444-4021; Fax: 216-636-1493. (L.E. Nagy)
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Gautheron J, Gores GJ, Rodrigues CMP. Lytic cell death in metabolic liver disease. J Hepatol 2020; 73:394-408. [PMID: 32298766 PMCID: PMC7371520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is intrinsically associated with inflammatory liver disease and is pivotal in governing outcomes of metabolic liver disease. Different types of cell death may coexist as metabolic liver disease progresses to inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. In addition to apoptosis, lytic forms of hepatocellular death, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis elicit strong inflammatory responses due to cell membrane permeabilisation and release of cellular components, contributing to the recruitment of immune cells and activation of hepatic stellate cells. The control of liver cell death is of fundamental importance and presents novel opportunities for potential therapeutic intervention. This review summarises the underlying mechanism of distinct lytic cell death modes and their commonalities, discusses their relevance to metabolic liver diseases of different aetiologies, and acknowledges the limitations of current knowledge in the field. We focus on the role of hepatocyte necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease and other metabolic liver disorders, as well as potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Li M, Zhao H, Wu J, Wang L, Wang J, Lv K, Liu S, Wang M, Guan W, Liu J, Ho CT, Li S. Nobiletin Protects against Acute Liver Injury via Targeting c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK)-Induced Apoptosis of Hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7112-7120. [PMID: 32538091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury resulting from several factors such as medication, food toxins, and herbal supplementation often leads to a severe health condition and makes treatment difficult; thereby, the prevention of acute liver injury remains a critical issue and is of great importance. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of nobiletin (NOB) on a mouse model of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury. We observed that NOB (10 mg/kg) pretreatment of ConA-treated mice significantly lowered the levels of liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), decreased the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Pathological data suggested that pretreatment with NOB ameliorated ConA-induced liver damage by promoting proliferation and alleviating apoptosis of hepatocytes. Furthermore, significant suppression of the c-Jun-activating kinase (JNK) signal was also observed in NOB-pretreated liver tissues compared with that of ConA treatment only. In addition, an in vitro mechanism study confirmed that the addition of NOB protected hepatocytes via inhibition of JNK activation, manifesting that alleviation of JNK-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes is correlated with NOB protection in acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Test, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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26
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Chen L, Cao Z, Yan L, Ding Y, Shen X, Liu K, Xiang X, Xie Q, Zhu C, Bao S, Wang H. Circulating Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Are Increased in HBV Patients With Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure and Are Associated With Clinical Outcome. Front Physiol 2020; 11:526. [PMID: 32655398 PMCID: PMC7325886 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Necroptosis is a newly identified type of cell death with programmed pathways. The current study was performed to investigate necroptosis by measuring its key regulators; receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) in patients with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Methods HBV-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) patients (n = 90), non-ACLF patients without cirrhosis (N = 70), patients with cirrhosis (N = 40), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 70) were enrolled in the study. All patients were subject to serum RIPK3 measurement. Hepatic RIPK3 and MLKL were also determined in the livers of 18 patients and five donors, using immunohistochemistry. Results Serum RIPK3 was significantly elevated in HBV-ACLF patients compared to that of non-ACLF patients and the HCs. Serum RIPK3 in ACLF patients at recruitment was significantly higher in non-survivors than those in survivors at the 90-day follow-up. The predictive accuracy of serum RIPK3 at the 90-day outcome was relatively good with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.72 (p < 0.001), similar to that of the model of end-staged liver disease (MELD) score (0.76, p < 0.001). The combined use of RIPK3 and MELD score further increased the AUROC to 0.80. The hepatic RIPK3 and MLKL measured by immunohistochemistry, significantly increased in the patients with HBV-ACLF than in the patients without ACLF and the HCs. Conclusion Circulating RIPK3 was significantly increased in patients with HBV-ACLF and was associated with a clinical outcome. The improved combined objective scores could offer additional prognostic value in ACLF patients, for physicians with more accurate expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhujun Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yezhou Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Shen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kehui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, Charles Perkin Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Shi S, Verstegen MMA, Mezzanotte L, de Jonge J, Löwik CWGM, van der Laan LJW. Necroptotic Cell Death in Liver Transplantation and Underlying Diseases: Mechanisms and Clinical Perspective. Liver Transpl 2019; 25:1091-1104. [PMID: 31077562 PMCID: PMC6617733 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a natural process for the turnover of aged cells, but it can also arise as a result of pathological conditions. Cell death is recognized as a key feature in both acute and chronic hepatobiliary diseases caused by drug, alcohol, and fat uptake; by viral infection; or after surgical intervention. In the case of chronic disease, cell death can lead to (chronic) secondary inflammation, cirrhosis, and the progression to liver cancer. In liver transplantation, graft preservation and ischemia/reperfusion injury are associated with acute cell death. In both cases, so-called programmed cell death modalities are involved. Several distinct types of programmed cell death have been described of which apoptosis and necroptosis are the most well known. Parenchymal liver cells, including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, are susceptible to both apoptosis and necroptosis, which are triggered by distinct signal transduction pathways. Apoptosis is dependent on a proteolytic cascade of caspase enzymes, whereas necroptosis induction is caspase-independent. Moreover, different from the "silent" apoptotic cell death, necroptosis can cause a secondary inflammatory cascade, so-called necroinflammation, triggered by the release of various damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs activate the innate immune system, leading to both local and systemic inflammatory responses, which can even cause remote organ failure. Therapeutic targeting of necroptosis by pharmacological inhibitors, such as necrostatin-1, shows variable effects in different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Shi
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC ‐ University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of RadiologyErasmus MC ‐ University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC ‐ University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
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28
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular and safe pain medications worldwide. However, due to its wide availability, it is frequently implicated in intentional or unintentional overdoses where it can cause severe liver injury and even acute liver failure (ALF). In fact, APAP toxicity is responsible for 46% of all ALF cases in the United States. Early mechanistic studies in mice demonstrated the formation of a reactive metabolite, which is responsible for hepatic glutathione depletion and initiation of the toxicity. This insight led to the rapid introduction of N-acetylcysteine as a clinical antidote. However, more recently, substantial progress was made in further elucidating the detailed mechanisms of APAP-induced cell death. Mitochondrial protein adducts trigger a mitochondrial oxidant stress, which requires amplification through a MAPK cascade that ultimately results in activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the cytosol and translocation of phospho-JNK to the mitochondria. The enhanced oxidant stress is responsible for the membrane permeability transition pore opening and the membrane potential breakdown. The ensuing matrix swelling causes the release of intermembrane proteins such as endonuclease G, which translocate to the nucleus and induce DNA fragmentation. These pathophysiological signaling mechanisms can be additionally modulated by removing damaged mitochondria by autophagy and replacing them by mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, most of the mechanisms have been confirmed in human hepatocytes and indirectly through biomarkers in plasma of APAP overdose patients. The extensive necrosis caused by APAP overdose leads to a sterile inflammatory response. Although recruitment of inflammatory cells is necessary for removal of cell debris in preparation for regeneration, these cells have the potential to aggravate the injury. This review touches on the newest insight into the intracellular mechanisms of APAP-induced cells death and the resulting inflammatory response. Furthermore, it discusses the translation of these findings to humans and the emergence of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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29
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Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of liver toxicity which can have varying clinical presentations, the most severe of which being acute liver failure. Hepatocyte death as a cause of drug toxicity is a feature of DILI. There are multiple cell death subroutines; some, like apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and necrosis have been extensively studied, while others such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis have been more recently described. The mode of cell death in DILI depends on the culprit drug, as it largely dictates the mechanism and extent of injury. The main cell death subroutines in DILI are apoptosis and necrosis, with mitochondrial involvement being pivotal for the execution of both. A few drugs such as acetaminophen (APAP) can cause direct, dose-dependent toxicity, while the majority of drugs cause idiosyncratic DILI (IDILI). IDILI is an unpredictable form of liver injury that is not dose dependent, occurs in individuals with a genetic predisposition, and presents with variable latency. APAP-induced programmed necrosis has been extensively studied. However, the mechanisms and pathogenesis of cell death from drugs causing IDILI are harder to elucidate due to the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease. Cell death in IDILI is likely death receptor-mediated apoptosis and the result of an activated innate and adaptive immune system, compounded by other host factors such as genetics, gender, age, and capacity for immune tolerance. This chapter will review the different modes of cell death, namely apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis and their pertinence to DILI.
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30
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Zhang T, Hu J, Wang X, Zhao X, Li Z, Niu J, Steer CJ, Zheng G, Song G. MicroRNA-378 promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis via modulation of the NF-κB-TNFα pathway. J Hepatol 2019; 70:87-96. [PMID: 30218679 PMCID: PMC6554744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The progression of hepatosteatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a critical step in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular cancer. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for this progression is essentially unknown. This study was designed to determine the role of miR-378 in regulating NASH progression. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry, luciferase assays and immunoblotting to study the role of miR-378 in modulating an inflammatory pathway. Wild-type mice kept on a high-fat diet (HFD) were injected with miR-378 inhibitors or a mini-circle expression system containing miR-378, to study loss and gain-of functions of miR-378. RESULTS MiR-378 expression is increased in livers of dietary obese mice and patients with NASH. Further studies revealed that miR-378 directly targeted Prkag2 that encodes AMP-activated protein kinase γ 2 (AMPKγ2). AMPK signaling negatively regulates the NF-κB-TNFα inflammatory axis by increasing deacetylase activity of sirtuin 1. By targeting Prkag2, miR-378 reduced sirtuin 1 activity and facilitated an inflammatory pathway involving NF-κB-TNFα. In contrast, miR-378 knockdown induced expression of Prkag2, increased sirtuin 1 activity and blocked the NF-κB-TNFα axis. Additionally, knockdown of increased Prkag2 offset the inhibitory effects of miR-378 inhibitor on the NF-κB-TNFα axis, suggesting that AMPK signaling mediates the role of miR-378 in facilitating this inflammatory pathway. Liver-specific expression of miR-378 triggered the development of NASH and fibrosis by activating TNFα signaling. Ablation of TNFα in miR-378-treated mice impaired the ability of miR-378 to facilitate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting that TNFα signaling is required for miR-378 to promote NASH. CONCLUSION MiR-378 plays a key role in the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by positively regulating the NF-κB-TNFα axis. MiR-378 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH. LAY SUMMARY The recent epidemic of obesity has been associated with a sharp rise in the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanism(s) remains poorly described and effective therapeutic approaches against NAFLD are lacking. The results establish that microRNA-378 facilitates the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and suggests the therapeutic potential of microRNA-378 inhibitor for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Junjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- institute for Translational Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | | | - Zhuoyu Li
- institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030006, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guohua Zheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Guisheng Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430065, China; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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