1
|
Udovenko A, Makogonenko Y, Korolova D, Druzhyna N, Chernyshenko V, Komisarenko S. Formation and elimination of soluble fibrin and D-dimer in the bloodstream. Croat Med J 2023; 64:421-429. [PMID: 38168523 PMCID: PMC10797241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble fibrin is composed mainly of desA fibrin and fibrinogen oligomers consisting of fewer than 16 monomers partially cross-linked by factor XIIIa. Soluble fibrin cannot stimulate Glu-plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA); therefore, it may not be a direct predecessor of D-dimer. However, within the microcirculatory system, soluble fibrin oligomers may form microclots. Fibrin microclots stimulate Glu-plasminogen activation by t-PA, a process resulting in the formation of Glu-plasmin. Glu-plasmin dissolves the microclots, forming D-dimer. In normal and pathological blood plasma samples, soluble fibrin levels are substantially higher than those of D-dimer. Their concentrations in the plasma are also regulated by transendothelial transfer, absorption by blood macrophages, and binding and internalization with low-density lipoprotein receptors of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Therefore, the exact mechanisms of fibrin clots formation and elimination in normal and pathological conditions remain unclear. In this study, we reviewed findings on the molecular mechanisms of the formation and dissolution of fibrin clots, fibrin-dependent activation of Glu-plasminogen by t-PA, and blood plasma behavior in the microcirculatory system. Finally, we proposed a model that explains the relations of D-dimer and soluble fibrin underlying the common and separate mechanisms of their formation and elimination.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jorgensen SF, Macpherson ME, Skarpengland T, Berge RK, Fevang B, Halvorsen B, Aukrust P. Disturbed lipid profile in common variable immunodeficiency - a pathogenic loop of inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199727. [PMID: 37545531 PMCID: PMC10398391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between metabolic and inflammatory pathways play a pathogenic role in various cardiometabolic disorders and is potentially also involved in the pathogenesis of other disorders such as cancer, autoimmunity and infectious diseases. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in adults, characterized by increased frequency of airway infections with capsulated bacteria. In addition, a large proportion of CVID patients have autoimmune and inflammatory complications associated with systemic inflammation. We summarize the evidence that support a role of a bidirectional pathogenic interaction between inflammation and metabolic disturbances in CVID. This include low levels and function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high levels of triglycerides (TG) and its major lipoprotein very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and an unfavorable fatty acid (FA) profile. The dysregulation of TG, VLDL and FA were linked to disturbed gut microbiota profile, and TG and VLDL levels were strongly associated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a marker of gut leakage in blood. Of note, the disturbed lipid profile in CVID did not include total cholesterol levels or high low-density lipoprotein levels. Furthermore, increased VLDL and TG levels in blood were not associated with diet, high body mass index and liver steatosis, suggesting a different phenotype than in patients with traditional cardiovascular risk such as metabolic syndrome. We hypothesize that these metabolic disturbances are linked to inflammation in a bidirectional manner with disturbed gut microbiota as a potential contributing factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silje F. Jorgensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnhild E. Macpherson
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skarpengland
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf K. Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Angelidakis E, Chen S, Zhang S, Wan Z, Kamm RD, Shelton SE. Impact of Fibrinogen, Fibrin Thrombi, and Thrombin on Cancer Cell Extravasation Using In Vitro Microvascular Networks. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202984. [PMID: 37119127 PMCID: PMC10524192 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional association exists between metastatic dissemination and the hypercoagulable state associated with many types of cancer. As such, clinical studies have provided evidence that markers associated with elevated levels of coagulation and fibrinolysis correlate with decreased patient survival. However, elucidating the mechanisms underpinning the effects of different components of the coagulation system on metastasis formation is challenging both in animal models and 2D models lacking the complex cellular interactions necessary to model both thrombosis and metastasis. Here, an in vitro, 3D, microvascular model for observing the formation of fibrin thrombi is described, which is in turn used to study how different aspects of the hypercoagulable state associated with cancer affect the endothelium. Using this platform, cancer cells expressing ICAM-1 are shown to form a fibrinogen-dependent bridge and transmigrate through the endothelium more effectively. Cancer cells are also demonstrated to interact with fibrin thrombi, using them to adhere, spread, and enhance their extravasation efficiency. Finally, thrombin is also shown to enhance cancer cell extravasation. This system presents a physiologically relevant model of fibrin clot formation in the human microvasculature, enabling in-depth investigation of the cellular interactions between cancer cells and the coagulation system affecting cancer cell extravasation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Angelidakis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sophia Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kloka JA, Friedrichson B, Wülfroth P, Henning R, Zacharowski K. Microvascular Leakage as Therapeutic Target for Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2023; 12:1345. [PMID: 37408180 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury is a very common complication of various indicated therapies such as the re-opening of vessels in the myocardium or brain as well as reflow in hemodynamic shutdown (cardiac arrest, severe trauma, aortic cross-clamping). The treatment and prevention of reperfusion injury has therefore been a topic of immense interest in terms of mechanistic understanding, the exploration of interventions in animal models and in the clinical setting in major prospective studies. While a wealth of encouraging results has been obtained in the lab, the translation into clinical success has met with mixed outcomes at best. Considering the still very high medical need, progress continues to be urgently needed. Multi-target approaches rationally linking interference with pathophysiological pathways as well as a renewed focus on aspects of microvascular dysfunction, especially on the role of microvascular leakage, are likely to provide new insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Andreas Kloka
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Friedrichson
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woloszyk A, Aguilar L, Perez L, Salinas EL, Glatt V. Biomimetic hematoma delivers an ultra-low dose of rhBMP-2 to successfully regenerate large femoral bone defects in rats. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213366. [PMID: 36905826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful repair of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge. Following fractures, a bridging hematoma immediately forms as a crucial step that initiates bone healing. In larger bone defects the micro-architecture and biological properties of this hematoma are compromised, and spontaneous union cannot occur. To address this need, we developed an ex vivo Biomimetic Hematoma that resembles naturally healing fracture hematoma, using whole blood and the natural coagulants calcium and thrombin, as an autologous delivery vehicle for a very reduced dose of rhBMP-2. When implanted into a rat femoral large defect model, complete and consistent bone regeneration with superior bone quality was achieved with 10-20× less rhBMP-2 compared to that required with the collagen sponges currently used. Moreover, calcium and rhBMP-2 demonstrated a synergistic effect enhancing osteogenic differentiation, and fully restored mechanical strength 8 weeks after surgery. Collectively, these findings suggest the Biomimetic Hematoma provides a natural reservoir for rhBMP-2, and that retention of the protein within the scaffold rather than its sustained release might be responsible for more robust and rapid bone healing. Clinically, this new implant, using FDA-approved components, would not only reduce the risk of adverse events associated with BMPs, but also decrease treatment costs and nonunion rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Woloszyk
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Leonardo Aguilar
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Louis Perez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Emily L Salinas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA
| | - Vaida Glatt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA; Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78229, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yakovlev S, Strickland DK, Medved L. Current View on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Fibrin(ogen)-Dependent Inflammation. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1858-1868. [PMID: 35896433 PMCID: PMC10680782 DOI: 10.1055/a-1910-4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the involvement of fibrinogen in the inflammatory response. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrinogen-dependent inflammation, two bridging mechanisms have been proposed in which fibrin(ogen) bridges leukocytes to endothelial cells. The first mechanism suggests that bridging occurs via the interaction of fibrinogen with the leukocyte receptor Mac-1 and the endothelial receptor ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), which promotes leukocyte transmigration and enhances inflammation. The second mechanism includes bridging of leukocytes to the endothelium by fibrin degradation product E1 fragment through its interaction with leukocyte receptor CD11c and endothelial VE-cadherin to promote leukocyte transmigration. The role of E1 in promoting inflammation is inhibited by the fibrin-derived β15-42 fragment, and this has been suggested to result from its ability to compete for the E1-VE-cadherin interaction and to trigger signaling pathways through the src kinase Fyn. Our recent study revealed that the β15-42 fragment is ineffective in inhibiting the E1- or fibrin-VE-cadherin interaction, leaving the proposed signaling mechanism as the only viable explanation for the inhibitory function of β15-42. We have discovered that fibrin interacts with the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, and this interaction triggers a signaling pathway that promotes leukocyte transmigration through inhibition of the src kinase Fyn. This pathway is inhibited by another pathway induced by the interaction of β15-42 with a putative endothelial receptor. In this review, we briefly describe the previously proposed molecular mechanisms underlying fibrin-dependent inflammation and their advantages/disadvantages and summarize our recent studies of the novel VLDL receptor-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration which plays an important role in fibrin-dependent inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dai R, Tao R, Li X, Shang T, Zhao S, Ren Q. Expression profiling of mRNA and functional network analyses of genes regulated by human papilloma virus E6 and E7 proteins in HaCaT cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979087. [PMID: 36188003 PMCID: PMC9515614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes E6 and E7 are essential for HPV-related cancer development. Here, we developed a cell line model using lentiviruses for transfection of the HPV16 oncogenes E6 and E7 and investigated the differences in mRNA expression during cell adhesion and chemokine secretion. Subsequently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed to explore the differences in mRNA expression. Compared to levels in the control group, 2,905 differentially expressed mRNAs (1,261 downregulated and 1,644 upregulated) were identified in the HaCaT-HPV16E6E7 cell line. To predict the functions of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases were used. Protein–protein interactions were established, and the hub gene was identified based on this network. Real-time quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR) was conducted to confirm the levels of 14 hub genes, which were consistent with the RNA-seq data. According to this, we found that these DEGs participate in the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, immune control, and cancer-related signaling pathways. Currently, an increasing number of clinicians depend on E6/E7mRNA results to make a comprehensive judgment of cervical precancerous lesions. In this study, 14 hub genes closely related to the expression of cell adhesion ability and chemokines were analyzed in HPV16E6E7-stably expressing cell lines, which will open up new research ideas for targeting E6E7 in the treatment of HPV-related cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjinming Dai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiu Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Shang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixian Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingling Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingling Ren,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yakovlev S, Medved L. Dual functions of the fibrin βN-domains in the VLDL receptor-dependent pathway of transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Thromb Res 2022; 214:1-7. [PMID: 35421681 PMCID: PMC10680947 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that fibrin interacts with the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) through a pair of its βN-domains and this interaction promotes transendothelial migration of leukocytes and, thereby, inflammation. In agreement, the NDSK-II fragment representing the central part of the fibrin molecule and containing these domains stimulates leukocyte transmigration. However, the recombinant (β15-66)2 fragment corresponding to a pair of the βN-domains inhibits NDSK-II-stimulated leukocyte transmigration. To explain this paradox, we hypothesized that fibrin βN-domains have dual function in fibrin-dependent inflammation, namely, their C-terminal regions containing the VLDLR-binding sites promote leukocyte transmigration while their N-terminal regions are responsible for inhibition of this process. To test this hypothesis and to further clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrin-induced VLDLR-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration and its inhibition, we prepared the dimeric (β15-44)2 and (β40-66)2 fragments corresponding to the N- and C-terminal regions of the βN-domains and studied their effect on endothelial permeability and transendothelial migration of leukocytes. The results obtained revealed that (β40-66)2 bound to the VLDLR with high affinity and promoted endothelial permeability and leukocyte transmigration while (β15-44)2 did not interact with this receptor and had no effect on leukocyte transmigration, in agreement with our hypothesis. We also found that the first three N-terminal residues of the βN-domains play a critical role in the inhibitory properties of these domains. Further, the inhibitory properties of the βN-domains were expressed only upon their isolation from the fibrin molecule. The question of whether their inhibitory function may play a role in fibrin remains to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gruschus JM, Yakovlev S, Banerjee K, Medved L, Tjandra N. Structural Basis for the Interaction of Fibrin with the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Revealed by NMR and Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2537-2548. [PMID: 34351135 PMCID: PMC10658778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of fibrin with the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) promotes transendothelial migration of leukocytes and thereby inflammation. To establish the structural basis for this interaction, we have previously localized the VLDLR-binding site to fibrin βN-domains including fibrin β chain sequence 15-64 and determined the NMR solution structure of the VLDLR(2-4) fragment containing fibrin-binding CR domains 2-4 of VLDLR. In this study, we identified amino acid residues in VLDLR and the βN-domains that are involved in the interaction using NMR and site-directed mutagenesis. The results obtained revealed that Lys47 and Lys53 of the second and third positively charged clusters of the βN-domain, respectively, interact with Trp20 and Asp25 of the CR2 domain and Trp63 and Glu68 of the CR3 domain, respectively. This finding indicates that Lys residues of the βN-domain interact with the Lys-binding site of the CR domains in a manner proposed earlier for the interaction of other members of the LDL receptor family with their ligands. In addition, Gly15 of the βN-domain and its first positively charged cluster contribute to the high-affinity interaction with VLDLR. Molecular modeling based on the results obtained and analysis of the previously published structures of such domains complexed with RAP and HRV2 allowed us to propose a model of interaction of fibrin βN-domains with the fibrin-binding CR domains of the VLDL receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Gruschus
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Koyeli Banerjee
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krishnaswamy S, Ageno W, Arabi Y, Barbui T, Cannegieter S, Carrier M, Cleuren AC, Collins P, Panicot-Dubois L, Freedman JE, Freson K, Hogg P, James AH, Kretz CA, Lavin M, Leebeek FWG, Li W, Maas C, Machlus K, Makris M, Martinelli I, Medved L, Neerman-Arbez M, O'Donnell JS, O'Sullivan J, Rajpurkar M, Schroeder V, Spiegel PC, Stanworth SJ, Green L, Undas A. Illustrated State-of-the-Art Capsules of the ISTH 2020 Congress. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12532. [PMID: 34296056 PMCID: PMC8285574 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This year's Congress of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) was hosted virtually from Philadelphia July 17-21, 2021. The conference, now held annually, highlighted cutting-edge advances in basic, population and clinical sciences of relevance to the Society. Despite being held virtually, the 2021 congress was of the same scope and quality as an annual meeting held in person. An added feature of the program is that talks streamed at the designated times will then be available on-line for asynchronous viewing. The program included 77 State of the Art (SOA) talks, thematically grouped in 28 sessions, given by internationally recognized leaders in the field. The SOA speakers were invited to prepare brief illustrated reviews of their talks that were peer reviewed and are included in this article. The topics, across the main scientific themes of the congress, include Arterial Thromboembolism, Coagulation and Natural Anticoagulants, COVID-19 and Coagulation, Diagnostics and Omics, Fibrinogen, Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis, Hemophilia and Rare Bleeding Disorders, Hemostasis in Cancer, Inflammation and Immunity, Pediatrics, Platelet Disorders, von Willebrand Disease and Thrombotic Angiopathies, Platelets and Megakaryocytes, Vascular Biology, Venous Thromboembolism and Women's Health. These illustrated capsules highlight the major scientific advances with potential to impact clinical practice. Readers are invited to take advantage of the excellent educational resource provided by these illustrated capsules. They are also encouraged to use the image in social media to draw attention to the high quality and impact of the science presented at the congress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Krishnaswamy
- Hematology Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | - Yaseen Arabi
- King Abdulaziz Medical City Ministry of NGHA King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Tiziano Barbui
- Research Foundation Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo Italy
| | - Suzanne Cannegieter
- Depertments of Clinical Epidemiology and Thrombosis & Haemostasis Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marc Carrier
- Department of Medicine Ottawa Hospital Research Institute University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | - Peter Collins
- School of Medicine Cardiff University Haemophilia Centre University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK
| | | | - Jane E Freedman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center The Albert Sherman Center Worcester MA USA
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Philip Hogg
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | | | - Michelle Lavin
- National Coagulation Centre St. James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology RCSI Dublin Ireland
| | - Frank W G Leebeek
- Department of Hematology Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Weikai Li
- Washington University in St. Louis Medical School St. Louis MO USA
| | - Coen Maas
- University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Kellie Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program and Harvard Medical School Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | | | - Ida Martinelli
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Marguerite Neerman-Arbez
- Deartment of Genetic Medicine and Development Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - James S O'Donnell
- Haemostasis Research Group Irish Centre for Vascular Biology School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre Our Lady's Children's Hospital Dublin Ireland
- National Centre for Coagulation Disorders St James's Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Jamie O'Sullivan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland
| | - Madhvi Rajpurkar
- Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit MI USA
- Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Verena Schroeder
- Department for BioMedical Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Simon J Stanworth
- Transfusion Medicine NHS Blood and Transplant Oxford UK
- Department of Haematology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Laura Green
- Transfusion Medicine NHS Blood and Transplant (London) and Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
- Blizzard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Anetta Undas
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Two BβN-domains of fibrinogen are formed by the N-terminal portions of its two Bβ chains including amino acid residues Bβ1-65. Although their folding status is not well understood and the recombinant disulfide-linked (Bβ1-66)2 fragment corresponding to a pair of these domains was found to be unfolded, some data suggest that these domains may be folded in the parent molecule. In contrast, their major functional properties are well established. Removal of fibrinopeptides B (amino acid residues Bβ1-14) from these domains upon fibrinogen to fibrin conversion results in the exposure of multiple binding sites in fibrin βN-domains (residues β15-65). These sites provide interactions of the βN-domains with different proteins and cells and their participation in various physiological and pathological processes including fibrin assembly, fibrin-dependent angiogenesis, and fibrin-dependent leukocyte transmigration and thereby inflammation. The major goal of the present review is to summarize current view on the structure and function of these domains in fibrinogen and fibrin and their role in the above-mentioned processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| | - Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fibrin as a Multipurpose Physiological Platform for Bone Tissue Engineering and Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110556. [PMID: 31661853 PMCID: PMC6920828 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone graft is still considered as the gold standard method, bone tissue engineering offers promising alternatives designed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to guide bone regeneration process. In this attempt, due to their similarity to the ECM and their low toxicity/immunogenicity properties, growing attention is paid to natural polymers. In particular, considering the early critical role of fracture hematoma for bone healing, fibrin, which constitutes blood clot, is a candidate of choice. Indeed, in addition to its physiological roles in bone healing cascade, fibrin biochemical characteristics make it suitable to be used as a multipurpose platform for bioactive agents’ delivery. Thus, taking advantage of these key assets, researchers and clinicians have the opportunity to develop composite systems that might further improve bone tissue reconstruction, and more generally prevent/treat skeletal disorders.
Collapse
|