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Wang YJ, Zhao LM. Synthesis of 10-Membered Azecines through Pd-Catalyzed Formal [6+4] Cycloaddition and Their Transannular Reaction to Polycyclic Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302111. [PMID: 37776147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Azecine fragments are frequently presented in natural products and bioactive compounds. However, minor efforts have been devoted to these 10-membered N-heterocycles, and their synthesis is still challenging. Reported herein is the first catalytic formal [6+4] cycloaddition for the synthesis of 10-membered azecines. Under palladium catalysis, the reaction of δ-vinylvalerolactones and benzofuran-derived azadienes proceeds smoothly to afford benzofuran-fused azecines with high diastereoselectivity in moderate to good yields. A unique transannular reaction of these 10-membered azecines for the construction of polycyclic compounds is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Smyrska-Wieleba N, Mroczek T. Natural Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: Chemistry, Structure-Activity and Methods of Their Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032722. [PMID: 36769043 PMCID: PMC9916849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide an updated description and comparison of the data currently available in the literature (from the last 15 years) on the studied natural inhibitors of cholinesterases (IChEs), namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). These data also apply to the likely impact of the structures of the compounds on the therapeutic effects of available and potential cholinesterase inhibitors. IChEs are hitherto known compounds with various structures, activities and origins. Additionally, multiple different methods of analysis are used to determine the cholinesterase inhibitor potency. This summary indicates that natural sources are still suitable for the discovery of new compounds with prominent pharmacological activity. It also emphasizes that further studies are needed regarding the mechanisms of action or the structure-activity correlation to discuss the issue of cholinesterase inhibitors and their medical application.
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3
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Xu X, Li X, Wang D. New Insights Into the Backbone Phylogeny and Character Evolution of Corydalis (Papaveraceae) Based on Plastome Data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926574. [PMID: 35991421 PMCID: PMC9389321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A robust backbone phylogeny is fundamental for developing a stable classification and is instructive for further research. However, it was still not available for Corydalis DC., a species-rich (> 500 species), ecologically and medically important, but taxonomically notoriously difficult genus. Here, we constructed backbone phylogeny and estimated the divergence of Corydalis based on the plastome data from 39 Corydalis species (32 newly sequenced), which represent ca. 80% of sections and series across this genus. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered six fully supported main clades (I-VI) and provided full support for the majority of lineages within Corydalis. Section Archaeocapnos was unexpectedly turned out to be sister to the rest of the subg. Corydalis s. l. (clades IV-VI), thus treating as a distinct clade (clade III) to render all the main clades monophyletic. Additionally, some unusual plastome structural rearrangements were constantly detected within Corydalis and were proven to be lineage-specific in this study, which, in turn, provided further support to our phylogeny. A segment containing five genes (trnV-UAC-rbcL) in the plastome's LSC region was either normally located downstream of the ndhC gene in clade I species or translocated downstream of the atpH gene in clade II species or translocated to downstream of the trnK-UUU gene in clade III-VI species. The unique large inversion (ca. 50 kb) in the plastome LSC region of clade III species, representing an intermediate stage of the above translocation in clades IV-VI, firmly supported clade III as a distinct and early diverged clade within this large lineage (clades III-VI). Our phylogeny contradicted substantially with the morphology-based taxonomy, rejected the treatment of tuberous species as an independent evolutionary group, and proved that some commonly used diagnostic characters (e.g., root and rhizome) were results of convergent evolution, suggestive of unreliability in Corydalis. We dated the origin of crown Corydalis to the early Eocene (crown age 49.08 Ma) and revealed possible explosive radiation around 25 Ma, coinciding with the drastic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Oligocene and Miocene. This study provided the most reliable and robust backbone phylogeny of Corydalis to date and shed some new insights on the evolution of Corydalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuexiu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Bio-Resources key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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4
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Huang W, Kong L, Cao Y, Yan L. Identification and Quantification, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Activities, and Botanical Preparations of Protopine: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010215. [PMID: 35011447 PMCID: PMC8746401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through pharmacological activity research, an increasing number of natural products and their derivatives are being recognized for their therapeutic value. In recent years, studies have been conducted on Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang, a valuable medicinal herb listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Protopine, one of its components, has also become a research hotspot. To illustrate the identification, metabolism, and broad pharmacological activity of protopine and the botanical preparations containing it for further scientific studies and clinical applications, an in-depth and detailed review of protopine is required. We collected data on the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine from 1986 to 2021 from the PubMed database using “protopine” as a keyword. It has been shown that protopine as an active ingredient of many botanical preparations can be rapidly screened and quantified by a large number of methods (such as the LC-ESI-MS/MS and the TLC/GC-MS), and the possible metabolic pathways of protopine in vivo have been proposed. In addition, protopine possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, analgesic, vasodilatory, anticholinesterase, anti-addictive, anticonvulsant, antipathogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. In this paper, the identification and quantification, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacological activities, and botanical preparations of protopine are reviewed in detail to lay a foundation for further scientific research and clinical applications of protopine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangli Huang
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
| | - Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China; (W.H.); (L.K.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Halder S, Anand U, Nandy S, Oleksak P, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, El-Saber Batiha G, Koshy EP, Dey A. Herbal drugs and natural bioactive products as potential therapeutics: A review on pro-cognitives and brain boosters perspectives. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:879-907. [PMID: 34408548 PMCID: PMC8363108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory, one of the most vital aspects of the human brain, is necessary for the effective survival of an individual. 'Memory' can be defined in various ways but in an overall view, memory is the retention of the information that the brain grasps. Different factors are responsible for the disbalance in the brain's hippocampus region and the acetylcholine level, which masters the memory and cognitive functions. Plants are a source of pharmacologically potent drug molecules of high efficacy. Recently herbal medicine has evolved rapidly, gaining great acceptance worldwide due to their natural origin and fewer side effects. In this review, the authors have discussed the mechanisms and pharmacological action of herbal bioactive compounds to boost memory. Moreover, this review presents an update of different herbs and natural products that could act as memory enhancers and how they can be potentially utilized in the near future for the treatment of severe brain disorders. In addition, the authors also discuss the differences in biological activity of the same herb and emphasize the requirement for a higher standardization in cultivation methods and plant processing. The demand for further studies evaluating the interactions of herbal drugs is mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Halder
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida M. Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Eapen P. Koshy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
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6
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Yi P, Zhang Z, Huang S, Huang J, Peng W, Yang J. Integrated meta-analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to investigate the efficacy and potential pharmacological mechanism of Kai-Xin-San on Alzheimer's disease. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:932-943. [PMID: 32956608 PMCID: PMC7534219 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1817103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kai-Xin-San (KXS) has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) for thousands of years. However, no quantitative data regarding AD treatment using KXS are available. Moreover, its active compounds and mechanism of action for the treatment of AD remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and the potential pharmacological mechanisms of KXS in AD treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic collection of KXS experiments was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data up to February, 2020. Review Manager 5 software was used for meta-analysis. In network pharmacology, components of KXS were screened, AD-related genes were then identified and the 'component-target-pathway' network constructed. Molecular docking was finally employed for in silico simulation matching between representative KXS compounds and their target genes. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed that KXS improves the cognitive benefits in AD models by reducing the time of escape latency (SMD = -16.84) as well as increasing the number of cross-platform (SMD = 2.56) and proportion of time in the target quadrant (SMD = 7.52). Network pharmacology identified 25 KXS active compounds and 44 genes targets. DRD2, MAOA, ACHE, ADRA2A and CHRM2 were core target proteins. Besides, 22 potential pathways of KXS were identified, like cholinergic synapses, the cGMP/PKG pathway and calcium signalling. Molecular docking showed that stigmasterol, aposcopolamine and inermin can closely bind three targets (ACHE, ADRA2A and CHRM2). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings suggest that KXS exerts effect on AD through multi-target, multi-component and multi-pathway mechanism. Future studies may explore the active components of KXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengji Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- CONTACT Weijun Peng
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Jingjing Yang Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan410011, China
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7
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Begum MM, Thangapandiyan S, Rahman MS, Aleya L, Mathew B, Ahmed M, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM. Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Multitargeting Strategy Based on Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs Repositioning. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3519-3535. [PMID: 31593530 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191008103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, acetylcholine (ACh) is regarded as one of the major neurotransmitters. During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly feasible target for the symptomatic improvement of AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvement in AD because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibiting peripheral AChE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AChE inhibition was a reachable therapeutic target. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have been continued to be developed. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper, we summarize the different types of ChEIs which are under development and their respective mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Sohanur Rahman
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - George E Barreto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Protopine attenuates inflammation stimulated by carrageenan and LPS via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110583. [PMID: 31220533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of protopine (PTP) and sought to determine its mechanism of action in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells and a carrageenan (CA)-induced mouse model. Treatment with PTP (5, 10, and 20 μM) significantly suppresses the secretion of NO and PGE2 in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cell viability by downregulating iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-induced BV2 cells. PTP also attenuates the production of pro-inflammatory chemokines, such as MCP-1, and cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and augments the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, PTP suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-κB by hindering the degradation of IκB and downregulating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK protein. Furthermore, PTP treatment significantly suppresses CA-induced paw oedema in mice compared to that seen in untreated mice. Expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins is also abrogated by PTP (50 mg/kg) treatment in CA-induced mice. PTP treatment also abolishes IκB phosphorylation, which hinders the activation of NF-κB. Collectively, these results suggest PTP has potential for attenuating CA- and LPS-induced inflammatory symptoms through modulation of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling cascades.
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Son Y, An Y, Jung J, Shin S, Park I, Gwak J, Ju BG, Chung YH, Na M, Oh S. Protopine isolated from Nandina domestica induces apoptosis and autophagy in colon cancer cells by stabilizing p53. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1689-1696. [PMID: 30932278 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays essential roles in cellular protection mechanisms against a variety of stress stimuli and its activation induces apoptosis or autophagy in certain cancer cells. Here, we identified protopine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Nandina domestica, as an activator of the p53 pathway from cell-based natural compound screening based on p53-responsive transcription. Protopine increased the p53-mediated transcriptional activity and promoted p53 phosphorylation at the Ser15 residue, resulting in stabilization of p53 protein. Moreover, protopine up-regulated the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and BAX, downstream genes of p53, and inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Apoptosis was elicited by protopine as indicated by caspase-3/7 activation, poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, and increased population of Annexin V-FITC-positive cells. Furthermore, protopine induced the formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and LC3-II turnover, typical biochemical markers of autophagy, in HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that protopine exerts its antiproliferative activity by stimulating the p53 pathway and may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younglim Son
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younju An
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Jung
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Shin
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsug Gwak
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Liu Z, Mi Z, Wang P, Chang S, Han N, Yin J. Two new alkaloids from the tubers of Corydalis ambigua subsp. amurensis and their anti-proliferative activity. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:3305-3312. [PMID: 30908089 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1566821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two new alkaloids, including one benzophenanthridine type, dehydroambiguanine A (1) and one isoquinoline type, ambiguanine J (2) together with four (3-6) known alkaloids were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Corydalis ambigua subsp. amurensis. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods including HR-ESIMS and NMR, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was further confirmed by the quantum ECD calculations. In addition, all isolated alkaloids (1-6) were determined their anti-proliferative effects of on A549 and HCT 116 cell by colorimetric MTT assay. Among them, Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited anti-proliferative activity on HCT 116 cell line with the IC50 value at 49.8 ± 4.79, and 89.2 ± 1.86 μM, respectively. Compounds 2 and 5 showed mild anti-proliferative activity against A549 cell with IC50 values at 60.2 ± 10.7, and 89.2 ± 12.9 μM, respectively. Their preliminary structure-activity relationship was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials Key Laboratory of Northeast Authentic Materials Research and Development in Liaoning Province School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenru Mi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials Key Laboratory of Northeast Authentic Materials Research and Development in Liaoning Province School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials Key Laboratory of Northeast Authentic Materials Research and Development in Liaoning Province School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials Key Laboratory of Northeast Authentic Materials Research and Development in Liaoning Province School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials Key Laboratory of Northeast Authentic Materials Research and Development in Liaoning Province School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials Key Laboratory of Northeast Authentic Materials Research and Development in Liaoning Province School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Lima JA, Hamerski L. Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64183-0.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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12
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Ejsmond MJ, Provenza FD. Is doping of cognitive performance an anti-herbivore adaptation? Alkaloids inhibiting acetylcholinesterase as a case. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J. Ejsmond
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; ul. Gronostajowa 7 Kraków 30-387 Poland
- Department of Arctic Biology; The University Centre in Svalbard; Longyearbyen N-9171 Norway
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13
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Momtaz S, Hassani S, Khan F, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M. Cinnamon, a promising prospect towards Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 130:241-258. [PMID: 29258915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, an exponential increase of efforts concerning the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been practiced. Phytochemicals preparations have a millenary background to combat various pathological conditions. Various cinnamon species and their biologically active ingredients have renewed the interest towards the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate AD through the inhibition of tau protein aggregation and prevention of the formation and accumulation of amyloid-β peptides into the neurotoxic oligomeric inclusions, both of which are considered to be the AD trademarks. In this review, we presented comprehensive data on the interactions of a number of cinnamon polyphenols (PPs) with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the brain. In addition, we discussed the potential association between AD and diabetes mellitus (DM), vis-à-vis the effluence of cinnamon PPs. Further, an upcoming prospect of AD epigenetic pathophysiological conditions and cinnamon has been sighted. Data was retrieved from the scientific databases such as PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus and Google Scholar without any time limitation. The extract of cinnamon efficiently inhibits tau accumulations, Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo and in vitro models. Indeed, cinnamon possesses neuroprotective effects interfering multiple oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways. Besides, cinnamon modulates endothelial functions and attenuates the vascular cell adhesion molecules. Cinnamon PPs may induce AD epigenetic modifications. Cinnamon and in particular, cinnamaldehyde seem to be effective and safe approaches for treatment and prevention of AD onset and/or progression. However, further molecular and translational research studies as well as prolonged clinical trials are required to establish the therapeutic safety and efficacy in different cinnamon spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran.
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Zhang ZH, Wen L, Wu QY, Chen C, Zheng R, Liu Q, Ni JZ, Song GL. Long-Term Dietary Supplementation with Selenium-Enriched Yeast Improves Cognitive Impairment, Reverses Synaptic Deficits, and Mitigates Tau Pathology in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4970-4979. [PMID: 28578584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multiple histopathological changes in the brain and by impairments in memory and cognitive function. Currently, there is no effective treatment that can halt or reverse the progression of this disease. Here, we explored the effects of 3 months of treatment with selenium-enriched yeast (Se-yeast), which is commonly used as a source of organic selenium (Se) for nutrition, on cognitive dysfunction and neuropathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD mice). As the results revealed that Se-yeast significantly improved the spatial learning and memory retention of 3×Tg-AD mice, promoted neuronal activity, attenuated the activation of astrocytes and microglia, mitigated synaptic deficits, and reduced the levels of total tau and phosphorylated tau though inhibiting the activity of GSK-3β, dietary supplementation with Se-yeast exerted multiple beneficial effects on the prevention or treatment of AD. These findings provide evidence of a potentially viable compound for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jia-Zuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guo-Li Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Kim YJ, Lim HS, Kim Y, Lee J, Kim BY, Jeong SJ. Neuroprotective Effect of Corydalis ternata Extract and Its Phytochemical Quantitative Analysis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:826-832. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Yoonju Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Jun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- Korean Medicine of Life Science, University of Science & Technology
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- Korean Medicine of Life Science, University of Science & Technology
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16
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Sanguinaria canadensis: Traditional Medicine, Phytochemical Composition, Biological Activities and Current Uses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091414. [PMID: 27618894 PMCID: PMC5037693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguinaria canadensis, also known as bloodroot, is a traditional medicine used by Native Americans to treat a diverse range of clinical conditions. The plants rhizome contains several alkaloids that individually target multiple molecular processes. These bioactive compounds, mechanistically correlate with the plant’s history of ethnobotanical use. Despite their identification over 50 years ago, the alkaloids of S. canadensis have not been developed into successful therapeutic agents. Instead, they have been associated with clinical toxicities ranging from mouthwash induced leukoplakia to cancer salve necrosis and treatment failure. This review explores the historical use of S. canadensis, the molecular actions of the benzophenanthridine and protopin alkaloids it contains, and explores natural alkaloid variation as a possible rationale for the inconsistent efficacy and toxicities encountered by S.canadensis therapies. Current veterinary and medicinal uses of the plant are studied with an assessment of obstacles to the pharmaceutical development of S. canadensis alkaloid based therapeutics.
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Manoharan S, Essa MM, Vinoth A, Kowsalya R, Manimaran A, Selvasundaram R. Alzheimer's Disease and Medicinal Plants: An Overview. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:95-105. [PMID: 27651250 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disorder and identified as a major health concern globally. Individuals with AD and their care givers are affected in personal, emotional, financial, and social levels. Due to its significant impact and heavy burden on the individual, the patients' families, and society, it is highly needed to search for cost effective, long-time retention therapeutic targets. In recent decades, there are lots of research conducted the possible benefit of natural products and their active components on AD and other neurodegenerative disease, which are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manoharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Vinoth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kowsalya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Manimaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Selvasundaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu L, Yu X, Wang Z, Sun J, Pan R, Yang C, Wu L. Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of five alkaloids in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after the oral administration of Corydalis bungeana
Turcz extract. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:296-305. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Xueli Yu
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education); Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Harbin China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Rong Pan
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
| | - Lijun Wu
- College of Pharmacy; Harbin Medical University; Harbin China
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Giridharan VV, Thandavarayan RA, Arumugam S, Mizuno M, Nawa H, Suzuki K, Ko KM, Krishnamurthy P, Watanabe K, Konishi T. Schisandrin B Ameliorates ICV-Infused Amyloid β Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Dysfunction through Inhibiting RAGE/NF-κB/MAPK and Up-Regulating HSP/Beclin Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142483. [PMID: 26556721 PMCID: PMC4640572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity is a major pathological mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our previous studies have demonstrated that schisandrin B (Sch B), an antioxidant lignan from Schisandra chinensis, could protect mouse brain against scopolamine- and cisplatin-induced neuronal dysfunction. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of Sch B against intracerebroventricular (ICV)-infused Aβ-induced neuronal dysfunction in rat cortex and explored the potential mechanism of its action. Our results showed that 26 days co-administration of Sch B significantly improved the behavioral performance of Aβ (1–40)-infused rats in step-through test. At the same time, Sch B attenuated Aβ-induced increases in oxidative and nitrosative stresses, inflammatory markers such as inducible nitric oxide syntheses, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and DNA damage. Several proteins such as receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and apoptosis markers were over expressed in Aβ-infused rats but were significantly inhibited by Sch B treatment. Furthermore, Sch B negatively modulated the Aβ level with simultaneous up-regulation of HSP70 and beclin, autophagy markers in Aβ-infused rats. The aforementioned effects of Sch B suggest its protective role against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through intervention in the negative cycle of RAGE-mediated Aβ accumulation during AD patho-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RAT); (TK)
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy & Applied Life Sciences (NUPALS), Niigata City, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Division of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Division of Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kam M. Ko
- Section of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy & Applied Life Sciences (NUPALS), Niigata City, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Konishi
- Basic studies on second generation functional foods, NUPALS, NUPALS Liaison R/D promotion division, Niigata, Japan, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, RP China
- * E-mail: (RAT); (TK)
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20
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Nishteswar K, Joshi H, Karra RD. Role of indigenous herbs in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:3-7. [PMID: 25737604 PMCID: PMC4342646 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.150763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a natural phenomenon and decline of physiological and structural changes are incurable in advancing years of human life. When such degenerative changes occur in the brain they may lead to dementia and other memory related conditions. The Ayurvedic classics identified the importance of higher faculties dealing with memory and introduced a separate group of drugs namely Medhya Rasayanas. Regular intake of such drugs will help to prevent the onset of degenerative changes in the brain prematurely. Ayurveda can play a useful role in the management of such geriatric conditions. The current review has been done with a view to update documented Ayurvedic therapeutic modalities for certain geriatric conditions suggested by Ayurvedic classics in the management of diseases called Vātavyādhi (nervous system disorders), which also include conditions related to memory functions. Recent studies have started validating the claims recorded in Ayurvedic texts. The pathogenesis and remedies for Vātavyādhi documented in Ayurvedic classics have been reviewed with special emphasis on disorders related to dementia. A review of recent researches on the herbs mentioned in management of vāta disorders including dementia have been done to understand their role in management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are many herbs of ethno-medicinal source studied experimentally for their potential in treatment of AD. A judicious combination of modern research methodology and Ayurvedic principles could go a long way in the management and care of AD which is going to be a heavy burden on the society in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishteswar
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemang Joshi
- Institute of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahul Dutt Karra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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21
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Cho N, Lee HK, Jeon BJ, Kim HW, Kim HP, Lee JH, Kim YC, Sung SH. The effects of Betula platyphylla bark on amyloid beta-induced learning and memory impairment in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 74:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Zhang WJ, You CX, Wang CF, Fan L, Wang Y, Su Y, Deng ZW, Du SS. One new alkaloid from Chelidonium majus L. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1873-8. [PMID: 25162484 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.953497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One new alkaloid, together with 10 known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Chelidonium majus L. by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic data. Among them, 6-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (4), 6-acetonyldihydrosanguinarine (5), 6-ketenesanguinarine (6), demethylchelerythrine (7) and demethylsanguinarine (11) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 6 was identified as a new compound. These compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against human non-small lung carcinoma (H1299), breast cancer (MCF-7) and liver cancer (SMMC-7721). In a series of cytotoxic tests, compounds 9 and 10 displayed potent cytotoxic activity against H1299, MCF-7 and SMMC-7721, with the IC50 values of 8.16-35.25 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University , No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875 , P.R. China
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Ahmed F, Ghalib RM, Sasikala P, Ahmed KKM. Cholinesterase inhibitors from botanicals. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 7:121-30. [PMID: 24347920 PMCID: PMC3841990 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, wherein a progressive loss of cholinergic synapses occurs in hippocampus and neocortex. Decreased concentration of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), appears to be critical element in the development of dementia, and the most appropriate therapeutic approach to treat AD and other form of dementia is to restore acetylcholine levels by inhibiting both major form of cholinesterase: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Consequently, researches have focused their attention towards finding cholinesterase inhibitors from natural products. A large number of such inhibitors have been isolated from medicinal plants. This review presents a comprehensive account of the advances in field of cholinesterase inhibitor phytoconstituents. The structures of some important phytoconstituents (collected through www.Chemspider.com) are also presented and the scope for future research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Ahmed
- Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - Raza Murad Ghalib
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - P Sasikala
- Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India
| | - K K Mueen Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of two alkaloid components in rat plasma after oral administration of the extract of Corydalis bungeana Turcz. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Recent updates in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders using natural compounds. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:979730. [PMID: 24864161 PMCID: PMC4017872 DOI: 10.1155/2014/979730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by protein aggregates and inflammation as well as oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple biological processes are linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as depletion or insufficient synthesis of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, abnormal ubiquitination. Furthermore, damaging of blood brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS also leads to various CNS-related diseases. Even though synthetic drugs are used for the management of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, and many other chronic illnesses, they are not without side effects. The attentions of researchers have been inclined towards the phytochemicals, many of which have minimal side effects. Phytochemicals are promising therapeutic agents because many phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative as well as anticholinesterase activities. Various drugs of either synthetic or natural origin applied in the treatment of brain disorders need to cross the BBB before they can be used. This paper covers various researches related to phytochemicals used in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Iranshahy M, Quinn RJ, Iranshahi M. Biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids with drug-like properties from the genus Corydalis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47944g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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28
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He K, Gao JL. Protopine inhibits heterotypic cell adhesion in MDA-MB-231 cells through down-regulation of multi-adhesive factors. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2014; 11:415-24. [PMID: 25435628 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Chinese herb Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang that showed anticancer and anti-angiogenesis effects in our previous studies was presented for further studies. In the present study, we studied the anticancer proliferation and adhesion effects of five alkaloids which were isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT dose response curves, cell migration assay, cell invasion assay, as well as three types of cell adhesive assay were performed on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The mechanism of the compounds on inhibiting heterotypic cell adhesion were further explored by determining the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), αv-integrin, β1-integrin and β5-integrin by western blotting assay. RESULTS In five tested alkaloids, only protopine exhibited anti-adhesive and anti-invasion effects in MDA-MB-231 cells, which contributed to the anti-metastasis effect of Corydalis yanhusuo. The results showed that after treatment with protopine for 90 min, the expression of EGFR, ICAM-1, αv-integrin, β1-integrin and β5-integrin were remarkably reduced. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that protopine seems to inhibit the heterotypic cell adhesion between MDA-MB-231 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells by changing the expression of adhesive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China ; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Li Gao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Jung YS, Kim MY, Lee HS, Park SL, Lee KJ. Effect of DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent, on stress-induced delayed gastric emptying and hormonal changes in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:254-9, e166. [PMID: 23216854 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DA-9701 is a novel prokinetic agent formulated with Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DA-9701 on stress-induced delay in gastric emptying and changes in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and ghrelin levels in rats. METHODS Changes in gastric emptying in response to different durations of stress were evaluated. Gastric emptying was compared between the following groups: (i) nonstressed vehicle- or DA-9701-treated group, (ii) nonstressed vehicle- or mosapride-treated group, (iii) 2-h stressed vehicle- or DA-9701-treated group, and (iv) 2-h stressed vehicle- or mosapride-treated group. Water immersion restraint stress was used as the stressor. DA-9701 or mosapride at 3 mg kg(-1) was administered to the rats after subjecting them to 2-h stress, and then gastric emptying was measured using the phenol red method. KEY RESULTS Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in the 2-h stressed group compared with the nonstressed group. Mosapride administration resulted in significant recovery from the stress-induced delay in gastric emptying. Gastric emptying in the rats that underwent 2-h stress followed by DA-9701 administration was not significantly different from that in the nonstressed group. The plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and active ghrelin levels in the 2-h stressed group were significantly higher than those in the nonstressed group. These increases were significantly inhibited by DA-9701. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The administration of DA-9701 improved delayed gastric emptying and inhibited the hormonal changes induced by stress, suggesting that DA-9701 can be used as a gastroprokinetic agent for the treatment of delayed gastric emptying, particularly that associated with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Identification of a Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Calophyllum polyanthum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was observed for the Ethanolic extract from the leaves of Calophyllum polyanthum by using TLC bioautographic method. Further bioassay-guided isolation of this extract using TLC bioautographic method resulted in obtaining a pyranochromanone, apetalic acid (1). The structure of 1 was identified by comparison of it’s spectral characteristics with previous reports. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of 1 was 0.95 mM, determined by a microplate assay. The anti-acetylcholinesterase aity of compound 1 was weak, but it was the first pyranochromanone which have anti-acetyl cholinesterase activity. As a new leading compound, it can be modified and transformed to obtain more potently active compounds.
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Shakya A, Chatterjee SS, Kumar V. Holistic Psychopharmacology of <i>Fumaria indica</i> (Fumitory). Chin Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2012.34028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yang ZD, Song ZW, Ren J, Yang MJ, Li S. Improved thin-layer chromatography bioautographic assay for the detection of actylcholinesterase inhibitors in plants. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:509-515. [PMID: 21433160 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautographic method is a simple and rapid method to screen acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plant extracts. However, the high consumption of enzyme (6 U/mL) in current methods makes the procedure expensive, which is an obstacle to scientific research centers lacking funding. OBJECTIVE To develop a new low-cost TLC bioautographic method. METHODOLOGY A series of compounds, as substrates, were synthesised and their ability to be hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase was evaluated by the HPLC method. RESULTS 4-Methoxyphenyl acetate (14) was proved to be an appropriate substrate for TLC bioautographic assay. Therefore a new and cheap TLC bioautographic assay was set up. The mechanism of this new method is that the enzyme converts 4-methoxylphenyl acetate into 4-methoxyphenol, which reacts with a solution of potassium ferricyanide ([K₃(FeCN)₆]) and iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O) to make an aquamarine blue coloured background on the TLC plates. Regions of the TLC plate which contain acetylcholinesterase inhibitors show up as light yellow spots against the background. The consumption of enzyme (1 U/mL) in the new method is low and the detection limit of two known acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, huperzine A (0.0001 μg) and physostigmine (0.001 μg), for this assay are close to published values. CONCLUSION A low-cost TLC bioautographic method was developed, which will benefit research groups pursuing natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Duo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
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Giridharan VV, Thandavarayan RA, Konishi T. Amelioration of scopolamine induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress by Inonotus obliquus - a medicinal mushroom. Food Funct 2011; 2:320-7. [PMID: 21779570 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the cognitive enhancing and anti-oxidant activities of Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) against scopolamine-induced experimental amnesia. Methanolic extract of Chaga (MEC) at 50 and 100 mg kg (-1)doses were administered orally for 7 days to amnesic mice. Learning and memory was assessed by passive avoidance task (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Tacrine (THA, 10 mg kg (-1), orally (p.o)) used as a reference drug. To elucidate the mechanism of the cognitive enhancing activity of MEC, the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-oxidant enzymes, the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitrite of mice brain homogenates were evaluated. MEC treatment for 7 days significantly improved the learning and memory as measured by PAT and MWM paradigms. Further, MEC significantly reduced the oxidative-nitritive stress, as evidenced by a decrease in malondialdehyde and nitrite levels and restored the glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels in a dose dependent manner. In addition, MEC treatment significantly decreased the AChE activity in both the salt and detergent-soluble fraction of brain homogenates. Further, treatment with MEC restored the levels of ACh as did THA. Thus, the significant cognitive enhancement observed in mice after MEC administration is closely related to higher brain anti-oxidant properties and inhibition of AChE activity. These findings stress the critical impact of Chaga, a medicinal mushroom, on the higher brain functions like learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasree Vayalanellore Giridharan
- Department of Functional and Analytical Food Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences (NUPALS), Higashijima 265-1, Akiha-Ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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Giridharan VV, Thandavarayan RA, Konishi T. Effect of Shengmai-san on cognitive performance and cerebral oxidative damage in BALB/c mice. J Med Food 2011; 14:601-9. [PMID: 21554136 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Shengmai-san (SMS) on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. The passive avoidance task (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) test served as the behavioral models for testing memory. To elucidate the mechanism of its cognitive-enhancing activity, the effects of SMS (2, 4, or 8 g/kg) on activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and antioxidant enzymes and levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and nitrite were evaluated in brain homogenate. Tacrine (THA) (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as a reference drug. SMS (4 or 8 g/kg) significantly prevented scopolamine-induced impairments as measured by the PAT and MWM (probe trial session). SMS (4 or 8 g/kg) also significantly reduced the oxidative-nitrative stress, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite levels and by its prevention of decreases in glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. The activity of AChE was decreased in scopolamine-treated mice but was inhibited significantly by SMS treatment (4 or 8 g/kg) in both salt- and detergent-soluble fractions of brain homogenates. Further SMS treatment (4 or 8 g/kg) significantly increased the ACh levels in the brain homogenate to a level similar to that observed in THA treatment. Thus, the significant cognitive enhancement observed after 7 days of administration of SMS is closely related to the strong antioxidant properties of SMS in addition to its inhibition of brain AChE activity. These findings stress the critical impact of SMS on higher brain functions such as learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Department of Functional and Analytical Food Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy & Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan
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Lee TH, Son M, Kim SY. Effects of corydaline from Corydalis tuber on gastric motor function in an animal model. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 33:958-62. [PMID: 20522959 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prokinetic and gastric-relaxing effects of the isoquinoline alkaloid corydaline, which was extracted from Corydalis tubers (CT). Corydaline is a marker compound used for quality control of DA-9701, a prokinetic agent formulated from extracts of Pharbitidis semen and Corydalis tuber that is currently in clinical trials in Korea for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). DA-9701 was previously reported to be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of abnormalities in gastrointestinal motor function in FD patients; however, the therapeutic effects of corydaline on FD have yet to be demonstrated in an in vivo study. In the current study, oral administration of corydaline not only significantly accelerated gastric emptying in normal rats but also improved delayed gastric emptying to near normal levels. Furthermore, corydaline induced significant gastric relaxation, shifting the pressure-volume curve towards higher volumes compared to controls. These results suggest that corydaline promotes gastric emptying and small intestinal transit and facilitates gastric accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Ho Lee
- Research Center, Dong-A Pharm. Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do 446-905, Republic of Korea
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Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from the tubers of Corydalis ternata and their cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4487-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Je Ma C, Sung SH, Choong Kim Y. New neuroprotective dibenzylbutane lignans isolated from Machilus thunbergii. Nat Prod Res 2010; 24:562-8. [PMID: 20397106 DOI: 10.1080/14786410902823279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choong Je Ma
- a School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- b College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Seoul National University , Seoul, 151-742 , Korea
| | - Young Choong Kim
- b College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , Seoul National University , Seoul, 151-742 , Korea
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Ma CJ, Kim YC, Sung SH. Compounds with neuroprotective activity from the medicinal plant Machilus thunbergii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 24:1117-21. [PMID: 19555186 DOI: 10.1080/14756360802632971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dichloromethane fraction of the bark of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) significantly protected primary cultures of rat cortical cells exposed to the excitotoxic amino acid, L-glutamate. Through the activity-guided isolation from the CH(2)Cl(2) fraction, (+)-9'-hydroxygalbelgin (1), isogalcatin B (2), (7S,8S,8'R)-3',4'-dimethoxy-3,4,-methylenedioxylignan-7-ol (3), 1-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxyxanthone (4), 5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol (5), (+)-(3S,4S,6R)-3,6-dihydroxypiperitone (6), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (7) and tyrosol (8) were obtained. All of them had significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 microM to 10.0 microM and were comparable to MK-801, a well-known inhibitor of glutamate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Je Ma
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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Vacek J, Walterová D, Vrublová E, Šimánek V. The Chemical and Biological Properties of Protopine and Allocryptopine. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-10-673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu H, Wang J, Zhao J, Lu S, Wang J, Jiang W, Ma Z, Zhou L. Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Macleaya cordata Active against Plant Microbial Pathogens. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract of the whole plant of Macleaya cordata R. Br. led to the isolation of four alkaloids, which were identified as sanguinarine (1), chelerythrine (2), protopine (3) and α-allocryptopine (4) on the basis of their physicochemical and spectrometric data. Compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated a significant antifungal activity against the six test fungi with median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.47 to 6.13 μg/mL. Compound 1 was the most effective with an IC50 of 0.47 μg/mL on Rhizoctonia solani. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 also demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with IC50 values ranging from 5.01 to 11.3 μg/mL, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 8.0 to 32.0 μg/mL. This is the first report on the activity of the alkaloids from M. cordata against economically important phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiqiong Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingguo Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanhong Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Kwon SH, Kim HC, Lee SY, Jang CG. Loganin improves learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 619:44-9. [PMID: 19666019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Loganin is an iridoid glycoside found in the Flos lonicerae, Fruit cornus, and Strychonos nux vomica. We investigated the effect of loganin on learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine (0.5mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic antagonist, using the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and the Morris water maze tests in mice. In the Y-maze test, loganin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved the scopolamine-induced memory impairment. In addition, loganin (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed scopolamine-induced impairments measured by the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tests. A day after the last trial session of the Morris water maze test (probe trial session), loganin (20 and 40 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased the latency time in the target quadrant. Furthermore, loganin significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Loganin may have anti-amnesic activity that may hold significant therapeutic value in alleviating certain memory impairments observed in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Quaternary alkaloid, pseudocoptisine isolated from tubers of Corydalis turtschaninovi inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide, PGE(2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines production via the down-regulation of NF-kappaB in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1323-31. [PMID: 19666143 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that pro-inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the courses of many inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the authors investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of pseudocoptisine, a quaternary alkaloid with a benzylisoquinoline skeleton, which was isolated from the tubers of Corydalis turtschaninovii by examining its inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Pseudocoptisine caused dose-dependent reductions in the levels of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both protein and mRNA levels and concomitant decreases in PGE(2) and NO production. In addition, it was found that pseudocoptisine suppressed the production and mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines, such as, TNF-alpha and IL-6. Furthermore, molecular data revealed that pseudocoptisine inhibited the LPS-stimulated DNA binding activity and the transcription activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). Moreover, this effect was accompanied by decreases in the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB (IkappaB)-alpha and in the subsequent blocking of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus. In addition, pseudocoptisine dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylations of ERK and p38. Taken together, these results suggest that pseudocoptisine reduces levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators, such as, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation via the suppression of ERK and p38 phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. These findings reveal in part the molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of pseudocoptisine.
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Siddiqui SA, Dwivedi A, Singh PK, Hasan T, Jain S, Prasad O, Misra N. Molecular structure, vibrational spectra and potential energy distribution of protopine using ab initio and density functional theory. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-009-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee KY, Sung SH, Kim SH, Jang YP, Oh TH, Kim YC. Cognitive-enhancing activity of loganin isolated from Cornus officinalis in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:677-83. [PMID: 19471881 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined anti-amnesic activity of the methanolic extract of Cornus officinalis fruits (COT) and a major constituent, loganin using scopolamine-induced (1 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) amnesic mice with both passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tests. Oral treatment of mice with COT (100 mg/kg body weight) and loganin (1 and 2 mg/kg body weight) significantly mitigated scopolamine-induced memory deficits in passive avoidance test. In the Morris water maze test, oral treatment of loganin significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory deficits showing the formation of long-term and/or short-term spatial memory. Moreover, loganin (2 mg/kg body weight) significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity by as much as 45% of control in the mouse hippocampus. These results indicate that loganin may exert antiamnesic activity in in vivo through acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Yong Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Jeong EJ, Ma CJ, Lee KY, Kim SH, Sung SH, Kim YC. KD-501, a standardized extract of Scrophularia buergeriana has both cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant activities in mice given scopolamine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:98-105. [PMID: 18996178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant activities of KD-501, a standardized extract of the roots of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel (Scrophulariceae) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS KD-501 was orally administered to amnesic mice induced by scopolamine and we performed passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tests. To elucidate the mechanism of cognitive-enhancing activity, the effects of KD-501 on the activities of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes within the cortex and hippocampus of mice were evaluated. RESULTS Acute and prolonged oral administration of KD-501 significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced amnesia in passive avoidance test. In the Morris water maze test, acute and prolonged administration of KD-501 improved the impairment of spatial memory induced by scopolamine indicated by the formation of reference and working memories. The activity of acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited by KD-501 within the cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, the reduced activities or contents of glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced GSH within the cortex and hippocampus caused by scopolamine were elevated by the treatment of KD-501. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, it could be postulated that KD-501 may exert its potent cognitive-enhancing activity through both anti-acetylcholinesterase and antioxidative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Hung TM, Na M, Dat NT, Ngoc TM, Youn U, Kim HJ, Min BS, Lee J, Bae K. Cholinesterase inhibitory and anti-amnesic activity of alkaloids from Corydalis turtschaninovii. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:74-80. [PMID: 18601993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the course of screening plants used in Korean folk medicine as memory enhancers, a 70% ethanol extract of tuber from Corydalis turtschaninovii Besser (Papaveraceae) showed significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. Repeated column chromatography led to the isolation of a new aporphine alkaloid, oxoglaucidaline (9), and a new protoberberine, pseudodehydrocorydaline (13) together with 14 known compounds (1-8, 10-12, and 14-16). The chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated base on extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-16 were investigated in vitro for their anti-cholinesterase activity using the mice cortex AChE enzyme. In further study, the anti-amnesic activities of pseudoberberine (16) in mice on the learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) were examined. This alkaloid (5.0 mg/kg, p.o.) administration significantly reversed cognitive impairments in mice by passive avoidance test (P<0.05). It also reduced escape latencies in training trials and prolonged swimming times in the target quadrant during the probe trial in the water maze task (P<0.05). These results indicated that Corydalis turtschaninovii due to its alkaloids have anti-cholinesterase activity and pseudoberberine and other alkaloids have anti-amnesic activities that may be useful for cognitive impairment treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Manh Hung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Jeong EJ, Lee KY, Kim SH, Sung SH, Kim YC. Cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant activities of iridoid glycosides from Scrophularia buergeriana in scopolamine-treated mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hung TM, Ngoc TM, Youn UJ, Min BS, Na M, Thuong PT, Bae K. Anti-amnestic Activity of Pseudocoptisine from Corydalis Tuber. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:159-62. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | | | - KiHwan Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
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Adams M, Gmünder F, Hamburger M. Plants traditionally used in age related brain disorders--a survey of ethnobotanical literature. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:363-81. [PMID: 17720341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In traditional herbal medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat age related cognitive disorders. In this review we compiled available literature from four Swiss university libraries, scientific journals and online database query's on plants and remedies used in traditional medicinal systems for such diseases. Over 150 plant species in various preparations and mixtures were found. European herbals from the 16th and 17th century alongside traditional Chinese and Indian medicinal works were the most prolific sources. The information is organised into geographic regions and when available the findings are discussed in the light of more recent scientific findings concerning their secondary metabolites and in vitro and in vivo activities relevant to dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adams
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Adsersen A, Kjølbye A, Dall O, Jäger AK. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory compounds from Corydalis cava Schweigg. & Kort. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:179-82. [PMID: 17574358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the course of screening plants used in Danish folk medicine as memory enhancers, a crude methanolic extract of tubers from Corydalis cava showed significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. Activity guided fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of three alkaloids, bulbocapnine (1), corydaline (2) and corydine (3) as active constituents. Bulbocapnine inhibited acetylcholinesterase as well as butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 40+/-2 microM and 83+/-3 microM, respectively. Corydaline inhibited acetylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 15+/-3 microM and corydine inhibited butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 52+/-4 microM. Corydaline was considered inactive against butyrylcholinesterase and corydine against acetylcholinesterase, due to IC(50)>100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Adsersen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen O 2100, Denmark.
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