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Santos LG, de Oliveira JRJM, Amorim MA, de Souza Oliveira VH, André E. Role of TRPA1 in the pharmacological effect triggered by the topical application of trans-anethole in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03093-9. [PMID: 38809294 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the pharmacological effects of topical trans-anethole, a natural compound found in anise, star anise, and fennel essential oils, and its relationship with the transient receptor potential of ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). METHODS The effects of topical anethole were assessed by eye wiping, nociceptive behaviour, and ear oedema in mice. Histological evaluations were performed on the ears of the animals topically treated with anethole. RESULTS Anethole caused less eye irritation than capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) and allyl isothiocyanate (a TRPA1 agonist). Anethole (250 and 500 nmol/20 µL/paw) promoted neurogenic nociception in the paw (20.89 ± 3.53 s and 47.56 ± 8.46 s, respectively) compared with the vehicle (0.88 ± 0.38 s). HC030031 (56.1 nmol/20 µL/paw), a TRPA1 antagonist, abolished this nociceptive response. Anethole (4, 10, and 20 µmol/20 µL/ear) induced ear oedema (30.25 ± 4.78 μm, 78.00 ± 3.74 μm, and 127.50 ± 27.19 μm, respectively) compared with the vehicle (5.00 ± 0.5 μm). HC030031 (56.1 nmol/20 µL/ear) inhibited the oedema induced by anethole (10 µmol/20 µL/ear). Ears pre-treated with anethole or allyl isothiocyanate on the first day and re-exposed to these compounds on the third day showed a reduction in oedema (68.16 ± 6.04% and 38.81 ± 8.98.9%, respectively). Cross-desensitisation between anethole and allyl isothiocyanate was observed. Histological analysis confirmed the beneficial effects of anethol. CONCLUSION As repeated topical applications of anethole induce the desensitisation of TRPA1, we suggest its clinical application as a topical formulation for treating skin diseases or managing pain associated with this receptor. Anethole may also have advantages over capsaicin and allyl isothiocyanate because of its low pungency and pleasant aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gonzaga Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Mayara Alves Amorim
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Eunice André
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Kim RW, Kim M. Effects of Aromatherapy on Anxiety and Blood Pressure in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024. [PMID: 38757732 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) often experience high levels of anxiety, which can significantly impact their prognosis. However, evidence regarding anxiety reduction by aromatherapy in patients with ACS is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on anxiety in patients with ACS. Methods: The literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO from their inception until February 21, 2024. Based on inclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on aromatherapy in patients with ACS aged ≥ 18 years were included. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the final analysis. Aromatherapy significantly reduced anxiety among patients with ACS, with a large effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.47 to -0.85). The effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) was -0.65 (95% CI: -1.15 to -0.15), indicating a moderate effect size, whereas there was no significant effect on diastolic blood pressure. Inhalation therapy demonstrated a large effect size (SMD = -1.70, 95% CI: -2.33 to -1.08), whereas massage therapy did not show a significant effect on reducing anxiety. Discussion/Conclusions: The findings show that aromatherapy can effectively reduce anxiety and SBP in patients with ACS. In particular, inhalation therapy showed a significant effect on reducing anxiety levels. Applying aromatherapy in clinical settings to reduce anxiety among patients with ACS should be considered. However, the limited number of studies analyzed hinders a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of massage therapy. Hence, further research is necessary to elucidate its potential role in reducing anxiety among patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Whaol Kim
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungsuk Kim
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Moradi Vastegani S, Khoshnam SE, Ghafouri S, Bakhtiari N, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A. Anethole attenuates motor dysfunctions, striatal neuronal activity deficiency and blood brain barrier permeability by decreasing striatal α-synuclein and oxidative stress in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease of male rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294612. [PMID: 37972114 PMCID: PMC10653401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anethole is the main compound of the essential oil of anise and several other plants, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Oxidative stress is considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of PD. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of anethole against rotenone-induced PD. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Control group received DMSO + sunflower oil, model group received rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c, daily for 35 days), positive control group received L-Dopa, and test groups received anethole (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, i.g, daily for 35 days) 1 hour before each rotenone injection. Body weight changes, rotarod test, stride length test, and extracellular single unit recording were performed after treatment. After behavioral test, Brain water content and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability were evaluated, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutases (SOD), alpha-synuclein and MAO-B were measured in the striatum. RESULTS Chronic administration of rotenone induced body weight loss and caused significant dysfunction in locomotor activity, neuronl firing rate, and BBB. Rotenone also decreased SOD activity, increased MDA level, and elevated the expression of alpha-synuclein and MAO-B in the striatum. However, treatment with anethole attenuated body weight loss, motor function, neuronal activity, and BBB function. Furthermore, Anethole treatment attenuated oxidative stress and decreased the expression of alpha-synuclein and MAO-B compared to the rotenone group. CONCLUSION Our results show that through its antioxidant properties, aethole can improve the cellular, molecular and behavioral characteristics of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nima Bakhtiari
- Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Vastegani SM, Khoshnam SE, Mansouri E, Hajipour S, Ghafouri S, Bakhtiari N, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Neuroprotective effect of anethole against rotenone induced non-motor deficits and oxidative stress in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114100. [PMID: 36075399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-motor symptoms (NMS) have high prevalence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These symptoms are mainly the result of increased oxidative stress and neuronal damage. In this study we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of anethole as a potent antioxidant on rotenone-induced behavioral deficits, hippocampal neuronal death, and oxidative stress profile in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were administered with anethole (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, i.g) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) for 35 days. Shuttle box and novel object recognition tests were performed to determine cognitive functions, and tail flick test was used to measure pain sensitivity. The levels of BDNF, MDA, SOD, and GPx were assayed in the hippocampus. Hippocampal neuronal damage was evaluated using cresyl violet staining technique. RESULTS Chronic administration of rotenone induced cognitive deficit and reduced thermal pain threshold. Rotenone also decreased SOD and GPx activities, increased MDA level, and reduced the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. In addition, hippocampal neuronal loss was increased in rotenone treated rats. Treatment with high dose of anethole (250 mg/kg) improved cognitive function and increased pain threshold in all three doses (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg). Despite the unchanged SOD and GPx activities, hippocampal levels of MDA was significantly decreased after high-dose anethole treatment. Moreover, High dose of anethole increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampus, but couldn't increase the BDNF expression. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that anethole has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against non-motor disorders induced by rotenone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and molecular research center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nima Bakhtiari
- Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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The Protective Effect of Anethole against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion: The Role of the TLR2,4/MYD88/NFκB Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030535. [PMID: 35326185 PMCID: PMC8944622 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anethole is the principle essential oil component of anise and fennel. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR) is one of the utmost imperative reasons for acute kidney injury and often associated with high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of anethole on RIR status, exploring the involved mechanisms. Methods: RIR was accomplished by bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45 min, after which the clamps were removed to achieve the reperfusion phase. Rats were randomized into five groups; Sham, Sham + anethole, RIR, and finally RIR + anethole (125 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg) groups. Animals were given anethole (in specified groups in doses) for 14 days before RIR. Results: RIR-experienced animals developed renal injury evidenced by diminished renal function and histopathological alteration. RIR induced severe oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic status within renal tissue. Pre-RIR management with anethole enhanced renal morphology and improved renal function. Anethole amplified GSH content and SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and lowered MDA. Anethole reduced gene and protein expression levels of HMGB1, TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, and NFκB. Anethole distinctly dropped TNF-α, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 levels, increased IL-10, and diminished caspase 3 and 9, reflecting its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions. Conclusion: Anethole displayed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions against RIR-induced injury. Anethole exhibited renal protective actions, which could be through inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR2, 4/MYD88/NFκB pathway. These results could suggest anethole as a protective agent against RIR.
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Abuzenada BM, Pullishery F, Elnawawy MSA, Alshehri SA, Alostath RMB, Bakhubira BM, Amerdash WF. Complementary and Alternative Medicines in Oral Health Care: An Integrative Review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S892-S897. [PMID: 35017893 PMCID: PMC8686864 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_92_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) uses a holistic approach that finds natural solutions that help the immune system to fight off infection and diseases. In conventional medicine, the diseases are treated as a series of symptoms developed and not its actual cause or etiology, but CAM commonly targets the exact cause of the disorder thereby stimulating the body's healing process. This is based on an integrative literature review of methods and techniques used as complementary and alternative approaches for oral health care. A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS. Medicinal plants such as Medicago Sativa, Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera), and Trifolium Pratense (Red Clover) have excellent applications in treating gum disorders, prevent tooth decay, and have demonstrated good antifungal activity in the oral cavity. Homeopathic medicines such as Belladonna, Antimonium crudum, and Chamomilla have useful applications in relieving toothache. In Chinese medicine, various acupressure points (Acupuncture) have been used to relieve pain related to tooth, head-and-neck region, sinusitis, etc. Dental professionals can utilize these treatment modalities in their practice along with other conventional procedures as an integrative treatment approach to achieve better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Mohammed Abuzenada
- Department of Restorative Operative Dentistry, KingAbdul Aziz University and Batterjee Medical College, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Pullishery
- Departments of Community Dental Practice and Research, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Walaa Farhan Amerdash
- Dental intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Houdkova M, Kokoska L. Volatile Antimicrobial Agents and In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Their Activity in the Vapour Phase: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:822-857. [PMID: 32450573 DOI: 10.1055/a-1158-4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes data on the in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of volatile agents of plant origin and in vitro methods for evaluating their activity in the vapour phase. As a result of literature analysis, the antimicrobial efficacy of vapours from 122 different plant species and 19 pure compounds examined in 61 studies using different in vitro tests against a broad spectrum of microorganisms was identified and summarized. In addition, 11 different techniques found in the literature are described in detail. An original classification of methods based on the solid and liquid matrix volatilization principle is proposed because carrier medium/matrix selection is crucial for the volatilization of any agents tested. This review should be useful for medicinal, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural experts working in areas related to the management of infectious diseases (especially respiratory and skin infections), food preservation (active packaging), and protection of agriculture products (controlled atmosphere). It may also stimulate the interest of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agriculture industries in the research and development of new antimicrobial agents of natural origin. Since several original apparatuses previously developed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the vapour phase are described in this review, labware manufacturers may also be interested in this topic. The review also provides specific guidelines and recommendations for researchers studying the antimicrobial activity of volatile agents. The article will therefore appeal to communities of industrial stakeholders, pharmacists, physicians, food experts, agriculturists, and researchers in related areas such as pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, microbiology, natural product chemistry, food preservation and plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Houdkova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Farahbakhsh J, Najafian S, Hosseinifarahi M, Gholipour S. The effect of time and temperature on shelf life of essential oil composition of Teucrium polium L. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:424-428. [PMID: 32498558 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1771711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Teucrium polium has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, diabetes and rheumatism. This plant has beneficial therapeutic properties. In this research the changes in the composition of essential oils from the aerial parts of Teucrium polium were determined at different temperatures and times. The essential oil of air-dried samples was obtained by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes in essential oils compositions were detected during storage for 3 months in refrigerator, freezer, and at room temperature. The results indicated that at room temperature, the proportions of the compounds with lower boiling temperatures such as Cis-Verbenol (2.11-1.78%) and Germacrene D (1.56-0.94%) were decreased significantly. Furthermore, the essential oil composition showed the least alterations and Teucrium polium L. kept its primary quality when stored at low temperatures, particularly in refrigerator and freezer (Except: α-Pinene, β-Pinene and Limonene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Farahbakhsh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hosseinifarahi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Gholipour
- Department of Chemistry, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
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Serra DS, Araujo RS, Oliveira MLM, Cavalcante FSA, Leal-Cardoso JH. Lung injury caused by occupational exposure to particles from the industrial combustion of cashew nut shells: a mice model. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:1-11. [PMID: 32048551 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1726269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cashew nut shells (CNS) is already used in the energy matrix of some industries. However, it is necessary to know the harmful health effects generated by exposure to pollutants of its combustion, especially in the workers exposed to industrial pollutants. In addition, it is known that the incidence of asthma grows among workers in industries, and due to its previously reported biological effects of anethole, these will also be objects of the present study. We used 64 Balb/C mice, randomly divided into eight groups. Groups were sensitized and challenged with saline or ovalbumin, then subjected to intranasal instillation of 30 µg PM4.0 (occupational exposure) from the combustion of CNS or saline, and then were subsequently treated with oral anethole 300 mg/kg or 0.1% Tween 80. Our results serve as a starting point for the development of public policies for the prevention of diseases in workers that are exposed to the pollutants coming from industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Serra
- Science and Technology Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - R S Araujo
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Federal Institute of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M L M Oliveira
- Science and Technology Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - F S A Cavalcante
- Science and Technology Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Ceará, Institute of Biomedical Sciences State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Garzoli S, Turchetti G, Giacomello P, Tiezzi A, Laghezza Masci V, Ovidi E. Liquid and Vapour Phase of Lavandin ( Lavandula × intermedia) Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E2701. [PMID: 31349556 PMCID: PMC6696025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils from Lavandula genus and the obtained hybrids are widely used for different purposes such as perfume production in the cosmetic field and for its biological properties. This is the first study on the liquid and vapour phase of Lavandula × intermedia "Grosso" essential oil grown in the Lazio Region, Italy, investigated using headspace coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). The results showed the most abundant components were linalool and linalyl acetate, followed by 1,8-cineole and terpinen-4-ol, while lavandulyl acetate and borneol were identified as minor compounds, maintaining the same proportion in both the liquid and vapour phase. Furthermore, we tested lavandin liquid and vapour phase essential oil on gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter bohemicus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Kocuria marina).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Turchetti
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Giacomello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Tiezzi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Valentina Laghezza Masci
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elisa Ovidi
- Department for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Yokawa K, Kagenishi T, Pavlovič A, Gall S, Weiland M, Mancuso S, Baluška F. Anaesthetics stop diverse plant organ movements, affect endocytic vesicle recycling and ROS homeostasis, and block action potentials in Venus flytraps. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:747-756. [PMID: 29236942 PMCID: PMC6215046 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Anaesthesia for medical purposes was introduced in the 19th century. However, the physiological mode of anaesthetic drug actions on the nervous system remains unclear. One of the remaining questions is how these different compounds, with no structural similarities and even chemically inert elements such as the noble gas xenon, act as anaesthetic agents inducing loss of consciousness. The main goal here was to determine if anaesthetics affect the same or similar processes in plants as in animals and humans. Methods A single-lens reflex camera was used to follow organ movements in plants before, during and after recovery from exposure to diverse anaesthetics. Confocal microscopy was used to analyse endocytic vesicle trafficking. Electrical signals were recorded using a surface AgCl electrode. Key Results Mimosa leaves, pea tendrils, Venus flytraps and sundew traps all lost both their autonomous and touch-induced movements after exposure to anaesthetics. In Venus flytrap, this was shown to be due to the loss of action potentials under diethyl ether anaesthesia. The same concentration of diethyl ether immobilized pea tendrils. Anaesthetics also impeded seed germination and chlorophyll accumulation in cress seedlings. Endocytic vesicle recycling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, as observed in intact Arabidopsis root apex cells, were also affected by all anaesthetics tested. Conclusions Plants are sensitive to several anaesthetics that have no structural similarities. As in animals and humans, anaesthetics used at appropriate concentrations block action potentials and immobilize organs via effects on action potentials, endocytic vesicle recycling and ROS homeostasis. Plants emerge as ideal model objects to study general questions related to anaesthesia, as well as to serve as a suitable test system for human anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yokawa
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - T Kagenishi
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - A Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - S Gall
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Weiland
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science & LINV, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S Mancuso
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science & LINV, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Baluška
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Kfoury N, Baydakov E, Gankin Y, Robbat A. Differentiation of key biomarkers in tea infusions using a target/nontarget gas chromatography/mass spectrometry workflow. Food Res Int 2018; 113:414-423. [PMID: 30195536 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Climatic conditions affect the chemical composition of edible crops, which can impact flavor, nutrition and overall consumer preferences. To understand these effects new data analysis software capable of tracking hundreds of compounds across years of samples under various environmental conditions is needed. Our recently developed mass spectral (MS) subtraction algorithms have been used with spectral deconvolution to efficiently analyze complex samples by 2-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-GC/MS). In this paper, we address the accuracy of identifying target and nontarget compounds by GC/MS. Findings indicate that Yunnan tea contains higher concentrations of floral compounds. In contrast, Fujian tea contains higher concentrations of compounds that exhibit fruity characteristics, but contains much less monoterpenes. Principal components analysis shows that seasonal changes in climate impact tea plants similarly despite location differences. For example, spring teas contained more of the sweet, floral and fruity compounds compared to summer teas, which had higher concentrations of green, woody, herbal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kfoury
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Yuriy Gankin
- EPAM Systems, 41 University Drive, Newtown, PA 18940, USA
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite G700, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Sá NAR, Bruno JB, Guerreiro DD, Cadenas J, Alves BG, Cibin FWS, Leal-Cardoso JH, Gastal EL, Figueiredo JR. Anethole reduces oxidative stress and improves in vitro survival and activation of primordial follicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7129. [PMID: 29846431 PMCID: PMC5999067 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Primordial follicles, the main source of oocytes in the ovary, are essential for
the maintenance of fertility throughout the reproductive lifespan. To the best
of our knowledge, there are no reports describing the effect of anethole on this
important ovarian follicle population. The aim of the study was to investigate
the effect of different anethole concentrations on the in vitro
culture of caprine preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue. Randomized
ovarian fragments were fixed immediately (non-cultured treatment) or distributed
into five treatments: α-MEM+ (cultured control), α-MEM+
supplemented with ascorbic acid at 50 μg/mL (AA), and anethole at 30 (AN30), 300
(AN300), or 2000 µg/mL (AN2000), for 1 or 7 days. After 7 days of culture, a
significantly higher percentage of morphologically normal follicles was observed
when anethole at 2000 μg/mL was used. For both culture times, a greater
percentage of growing follicles was observed with the AN30 treatment compared to
AA and AN2000 treatments. Anethole at 30 and 2000 µg/mL concentrations at days 1
and 7 of culture resulted in significantly larger follicular diameter than in
the cultured control treatment. Anethole at 30 µg/mL concentration at day 7
showed significantly greater oocyte diameter than the other treatments, except
when compared to the AN2000 treatment. At day 7 of culture, levels of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) were significantly lower in the AN30 treatment than the
other treatments. In conclusion, supplementation of culture medium with anethole
improves survival and early follicle development at different concentrations in
the caprine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A R Sá
- Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-antrais (LAMOFOPA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J B Bruno
- Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-antrais (LAMOFOPA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D D Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-antrais (LAMOFOPA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J Cadenas
- Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-antrais (LAMOFOPA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - B G Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - F W S Cibin
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia (LEF), Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - E L Gastal
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-antrais (LAMOFOPA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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14
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Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Two Turkish Plant Species: Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to characterize chemical compositions and antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta essential oils. The hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of thirty-three and twenty-seven compounds representing 99.6 % and 99.4 % were identified in F. elaeochytris and S. stricta, respectively. The main compounds of essential oil of F. elaeochytris were β-cubebene (21.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (17.5 %) and β-caryophyllene (14.9 %), while the major compounds of S. stricta essential oil were δ-cadinene (18.3 %), cubenol (17.6 %) and β-caryophyllene (14.4 %). The antioxidant activity was tested by β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. The essential oil of F. elaeochytris showed the highest antioxidant activity in all assays. Also, the anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of essential oils were performed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase enzymes. F. elaeochytris essential oil indicated the highest anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities as well. This is the first report describing antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of essential oils of F. elaeochytris and S. stricta.
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15
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Analgesic-Like Activity of Essential Oil Constituents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122392. [PMID: 29232831 PMCID: PMC5751100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The constituents of essential oils are widely found in foods and aromatic plants giving characteristic odor and flavor. However, pharmacological studies evidence its therapeutic potential for the treatment of several diseases and promising use as compounds with analgesic-like action. Considering that pain affects a significant part of the world population and the need for the development of new analgesics, this review reports on the current studies of essential oils’ chemical constituents with analgesic-like activity, including a description of their mechanisms of action and chemical aspects.
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16
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Tsuchiya H. Anesthetic Agents of Plant Origin: A Review of Phytochemicals with Anesthetic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:E1369. [PMID: 28820497 PMCID: PMC6152143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of currently used anesthetic agents are derived from or associated with natural products, especially plants, as evidenced by cocaine that was isolated from coca (Erythroxylum coca, Erythroxylaceae) and became a prototype of modern local anesthetics and by thymol and eugenol contained in thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae), respectively, both of which are structurally and mechanistically similar to intravenous phenolic anesthetics. This paper reviews different classes of phytochemicals with the anesthetic activity and their characteristic molecular structures that could be lead compounds for anesthetics and anesthesia-related drugs. Phytochemicals in research papers published between 1996 and 2016 were retrieved from the point of view of well-known modes of anesthetic action, that is, the mechanistic interactions with Na⁺ channels, γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and lipid membranes. The searched phytochemicals include terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids because they have been frequently reported to possess local anesthetic, general anesthetic, antinociceptive, analgesic or sedative property. Clinical applicability of phytochemicals to local and general anesthesia is discussed by referring to animal in vivo experiments and human pre-clinical trials. This review will give structural suggestions for novel anesthetic agents of plant origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsuchiya
- Department of Dental Basic Education, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan.
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17
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Mehdizadeh L, Ghasemi Pirbalouti A, Moghaddam M. Storage stability of essential oil of cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) as a function of temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1354018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mehdizadeh
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Moghaddam
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Pandey AK, Kumar P, Singh P, Tripathi NN, Bajpai VK. Essential Oils: Sources of Antimicrobials and Food Preservatives. Front Microbiol 2017; 7:2161. [PMID: 28138324 PMCID: PMC5238431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic and medicinal plants produce essential oils in the form of secondary metabolites. These essential oils can be used in diverse applications in food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. The use of essential oils as antimicrobials and food preservative agents is of concern because of several reported side effects of synthetic oils. Essential oils have the potential to be used as a food preservative for cereals, grains, pulses, fruits, and vegetables. In this review, we briefly describe the results in relevant literature and summarize the uses of essential oils with special emphasis on their antibacterial, bactericidal, antifungal, fungicidal, and food preservative properties. Essential oils have pronounced antimicrobial and food preservative properties because they consist of a variety of active constituents (e.g., terpenes, terpenoids, carotenoids, coumarins, curcumins) that have great significance in the food industry. Thus, the various properties of essential oils offer the possibility of using natural, safe, eco-friendly, cost-effective, renewable, and easily biodegradable antimicrobials for food commodity preservation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay K. Pandey
- Bacteriology and Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur UniversityGorakhpur, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and TechnologyNirjuli, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Bacteriology and Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur UniversityGorakhpur, India
| | - Nijendra N. Tripathi
- Bacteriology and Natural Pesticide Laboratory, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur UniversityGorakhpur, India
| | - Vivek K. Bajpai
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan, South Korea
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19
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Melaleuca alternifolia nanoparticles against Candida species biofilms. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:125-132. [PMID: 28089949 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Candida infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality on immunosuppressed patients. This growing trend has been associated with resistance to the antimicrobial therapy and the ability of microorganism to form biofilms. TTO oil is used as antimicrobial which shows antibiofilm activity against Candida species. However, it presents problems due to its poor solubility and high volatility. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro antibiofilm activity of TTO nanoparticles against many Candida species. It was performed the characterization of the oil and nanoparticles. The levels of exopolysaccharides, proteins, and the biomass of biofilms were measured. The chromatographic profile demonstrated that the TTO oil is in accordance with ISO 4730 with major constituents of 41.9% Terpinen-4-ol, 20.1% of γ-Terpinene, 9,8% of α-Terpinene, and 6,0% of 1,8-Cineole. The TTO nanoparticles showed pH of 6.3, mean diameter of 158.2 ± 2 nm, polydispersion index of 0.213 ± 0.017, and zeta potential of -8.69 ± 0.80 mV. The addition of TTO and its nanoparticles represented a significant reduction of biofilm formed by all Candida species, as well as a reduction of proteins and exopolysaccharides levels. It was possible to visualize the reduction of biofilm in presence of TTO nanoparticles by Calcofluor White method.
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20
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Baluška F, Yokawa K, Mancuso S, Baverstock K. Understanding of anesthesia - Why consciousness is essential for life and not based on genes. Commun Integr Biol 2016; 9:e1238118. [PMID: 28042377 PMCID: PMC5193047 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1238118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia and consciousness represent 2 mysteries not only for biology but also for physics and philosophy. Although anesthesia was introduced to medicine more than 160 y ago, our understanding of how it works still remains a mystery. The most prevalent view is that the human brain and its neurons are necessary to impose the effects of anesthetics. However, the fact is that all life can be anesthesized. Numerous theories have been generated trying to explain the major impact of anesthetics on our human-specific consciousness; switching it off so rapidly, but no single theory resolves this enduring mystery. The speed of anesthetic actions precludes any direct involvement of genes. Lipid bilayers, cellular membranes, and critical proteins emerge as the most probable primary targets of anesthetics. Recent findings suggest, rather surprisingly, that physical forces underlie both the anesthetic actions on living organisms as well as on consciousness in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken Yokawa
- IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschalle, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science & LINV, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Keith Baverstock
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Fujita KI, Ishikura T, Jono Y, Yamaguchi Y, Ogita A, Kubo I, Tanaka T. Anethole potentiates dodecanol's fungicidal activity by reducing PDR5 expression in budding yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:477-484. [PMID: 27632201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND trans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a weaker antimicrobial potency than other available antibiotics. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to exhibit synergistic antifungal activity against a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a human opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. However, the mechanism underlying this synergistic effect of anethole has not been characterized. METHODS We studied this mechanism using dodecanol-treated S. cerevisiae cells and focusing on genes related to multidrug efflux. RESULTS Although dodecanol transiently reduced the number of colony forming units, this recovered to levels similar to those of untreated cells with continued incubation beyond 24h. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed overexpression of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene, PDR5, in addition to a slight increase in PDR11, PDR12, and PDR15 transcriptions in dodecanol-treated cells. In the presence of anethole, these effects were attenuated and the fungicidal activity of dodecanol was extended. Dodecanol showed longer lasting fungicidal activity against a Δpdr5. In addition, Δpdr3 and Δlge1, lack transcription factors of PDR5 and PDR3, were partly and completely susceptible to dodecanol, respectively. Furthermore, combination of anethole with fluconazole was also found to exhibit synergy on C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that although anethole reduced the transcription of several transporters, PDR5 expression was particularly relevant to dodecanol efflux. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Anethole is expected to be a promising candidate drug for the inhibition of efflux by reducing the transcription of several ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ishikura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Jono
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Ogita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku,Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Najafian S. The effect of time and temperature on the shelf life of essential oils of Lavandula officinalis. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1165743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Aprotosoaie AC, Costache II, Miron A. Anethole and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:247-267. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Wisniewski-Rebecca ES, Rocha BA, Wiirzler LA, Cuman RK, Velazquez-Martinez CA, Bersani-Amado CA. Synergistic effects of anethole and ibuprofen in acute inflammatory response. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Najafian S, Zahedifar M. Antioxidant activity and essential oil composition of Satureja hortensis L. as influenced by sulfur fertilizer. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2404-8. [PMID: 25315247 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantity and quality of essential oils in plants can be influenced by various factors, including genetic traits, agricultural practices and environmental conditions such as nutrient availability. Macronutrients such as sulfur (S) are among the major factors influencing plant growth and development. Therefore this study was carried out to determine the effect of S fertilization at three levels (0, 0.05 and 0.1 g S kg(-1) soil) on the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Satureja hortensis L. RESULTS Application of 0.05 g S kg(-1) soil increased the levels of α-terpinene, p-cymene, myrcene, α-thujene and α-pinene but decreased the level of γ-terpinene in the essential oil. This S application was most suitable for obtaining higher proportions of α-terpinene, p-cymene, myrcene, α-thujene and α-pinene, while application of 0.1 g S kg(-1) soil was preferable for carvacrol. γ-Terpinene was most abundant in the control. All extracts showed a considerable DPPH-inhibitory effect, with IC50 ranging from 0.720 g L(-1) in the control to 0.363 g L(-1) with application of 0.1 g S kg(-1) soil. The maximum antioxidant effect was observed with application of 0.1 g S kg(-1) soil. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the use of chemical fertilizers such as S could improve the antioxidant activity of plant extracts significantly. Studying the secondary plant metabolites, mainly essential oils, is an interesting research area, so further studies are recommended to determine the effect of chemical fertilizers on the composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils of other aromatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Najafian
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahedifar
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
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26
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Oliveira FDA, Andrade LN, de Sousa EBV, de Sousa DP. Anti-ulcer activity of essential oil constituents. Molecules 2014; 19:5717-47. [PMID: 24802985 PMCID: PMC6290561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have attracted considerable worldwide attention over the last few decades. These natural products have wide-ranging pharmacological activities and biotechnological applications. Faced with the need to find new anti-ulcer agents and the great effort on the development of drugs for the treatment of ulcers, in this review, the anti-ulcer activities of 21 bioactive compounds found in essential oils are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Nalone Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Farmácia, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
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Anethole and eugenol reduce in vitro and in vivo leukocyte migration induced by fMLP, LTB4, and carrageenan. J Nat Med 2014; 68:567-75. [PMID: 24789168 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anethole (AN) and eugenol (EUG) on leukocyte migration using in vitro chemotaxis and in situ microcirculation assays. BALB/c mice were used for the in vitro chemotaxis assay, and Wistar rats for the in situ microcirculation assay. We evaluated (a) the in vitro leukocyte migration in response to chemotactic factors (formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP] and leukotriene B4 [LTB4]) and (b) the rolling, adhesion, and migration of leukocytes induced by an injection of carrageenan (100 µg/cavity) into the scrotum of the animal. In the in vitro chemotaxis assay, AN and EUG at doses of 1, 3, 9, and 27 µg/ml significantly inhibited leukocyte migration when stimulated by the chemotactic agents fMLP and LTB4. In the in situ microcirculation assay, AN at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg and EUG at a dose of 250 mg/kg significantly decreased the number of leukocytes that rolled, adhered, and migrated to perivascular tissue. The results indicate that AN and EUG exert inhibitory effects on leukocyte migration, highlighting their possible use to diminish excessive leukocyte migration in the inflammatory process.
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28
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Paula-Freire LIG, Andersen ML, Gama VS, Molska GR, Carlini ELA. The oral administration of trans-caryophyllene attenuates acute and chronic pain in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:356-62. [PMID: 24055516 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Trans-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene present in many medicinal plants' essential oils, such as Ocimum gratissimum and Cannabis sativa. In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive activity of trans-caryophyllene in murine models of acute and chronic pain and the involvement of trans-caryophyllene in the opioid and endocannabinoid systems. Acute pain was determined using the hot plate test (thermal nociception) and the formalin test (inflammatory pain). The chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve induced hypernociception was measured by the hot plate and von Frey tests. To elucidate the mechanism of action, mice were pre-treated with naloxone or AM630 30 min before the trans-caryophyllene treatment. Afterwards, thermal nociception was evaluated. The levels of IL-1β were measured in CCI-mice by ELISA. Trans-caryophyllene administration significantly minimized the pain in both the acute and chronic pain models. The antinociceptive effect observed during the hot plate test was reversed by naloxone and AM630, indicating the participation of both the opioid and endocannabinoid system. Trans-caryophyllene treatment also decreased the IL-1β levels. These results demonstrate that trans-caryophyllene reduced both acute and chronic pain in mice, which may be mediated through the opioid and endocannabinoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I G Paula-Freire
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - M L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V S Gama
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G R Molska
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E L A Carlini
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Dawidowicz AL, Dybowski MP. Simple SPE-GC method for anethole determination in human serum. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:393-7. [PMID: 24302657 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej L. Dawidowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University; 20-031 Lublin Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 3 Poland
| | - Michal P. Dybowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Sklodowska University; 20-031 Lublin Pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 3 Poland
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Ritter AMV, Domiciano TP, Verri WA, Zarpelon AC, da Silva LG, Barbosa CP, Natali MRM, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA. Antihypernociceptive activity of anethole in experimental inflammatory pain. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 21:187-97. [PMID: 23054333 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anethole has been reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, and anesthetic properties. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of anethole in two pain models of inflammatory origin: acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and persistent inflammation induced by Complete Freund's adjuvant. We evaluated the effects of anethole (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) on the development of paw oedema and mechanical hypernociception. The liver was collected for histological analysis. Paw skin was collected to determine the levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and myeloperoxidase activity. Blood was collected to assess alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). The chemical composition of star anise oil was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), showing a presence of anethole of 98.1%. Oral pretreatment with anethole in mice inhibited paw oedema, mechanical pernociception, myelopewroxidase activity, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 levels in acute and persistent inflammation models. Additionally, anethole treatment did not alter prostaglandin E2-induced mechanical hypernociception. Possible side effects were also examined. Seven-day anethole treatment did not alter plasma AST and ALT levels, and the histological profile of liver tissue was normal. The present study provides evidence of the antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of anethole in acute and persistent inflammation models.
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Cherneva E, Pavlovic V, Smelcerovic A, Yancheva D. The effect of camphor and borneol on rat thymocyte viability and oxidative stress. Molecules 2012; 17:10258-66. [PMID: 22926306 PMCID: PMC6268831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules170910258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Camphor and borneol are wildly distributed in the essential oils of medicinal plants from various parts of the World. Our study has been carried out to evaluate the effect of these two bicyclic monoterpenes on rat thymocytes. Camphor and borneol at concentrations of 0.5 and 5 µg/mL did not induce significant toxicity on the immune system cells, while a significant increase of thymocyte viability was detected when cells were incubated with 50 µg/mL of camphor. A significant increase of cell viability was similarly detected when thymocytes were cultivated with borneol at concentrations of 0.5 and 5 µg/mL. The role of camphor and borneol in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disturbances in rat thymocytes as well as their potential mechanism(s) of action were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Cherneva
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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32
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Coelho-de-Souza AN, Lahlou S, Barreto JE, Yum ME, Oliveira AC, Oliveira HD, Celedônio NR, Feitosa RG, Duarte GP, Santos CF, de Albuquerque AA, Leal-Cardoso JH. Essential oil ofCroton zehntneriand its major constituent anethole display gastroprotective effect by increasing the surface mucous layer. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 27:288-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ghasemi Z, Hassanpour-Ezatti M, Kamalinejad M, Janahmadi M. Functional involvement of Ca2+ and Ca2+-activated K+ channels in anethol-induced changes in Ca2+ dependent excitability of F1 neurons in Helix aspersa. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:750-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silva MIG, Silva MAG, de Aquino Neto MR, Moura BA, de Sousa HL, de Lavor EPH, de Vasconcelos PF, Macêdo DS, de Sousa DP, Vasconcelos SMM, de Sousa FCF. Effects of isopulegol on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice: possible involvement of GABAergic system and antioxidant activity. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:506-13. [PMID: 19559770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of isopulegol, a monoterpene alcohol, in PTZ-induced convulsions and verified possible involved mechanisms. Saline, isopulegol or diazepam were intraperitonealy injected 30 min before PTZ. The latency for development of convulsions and mortality, as well as the mortality protection percentage was recorded. For investigating the involvement of GABAergic system, flumazenil was utilized. The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase as well as the levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation were measured in brain hippocampus. Similarly to diazepam, isopulegol significantly prolonged the latency for convulsions and mortality of mice. All animals were protected against mortality at higher dose of isopulegol. Flumazenil pretreatment decreased the prolongation of seizure latency induced by both diazepam and isopulegol, although it was not able to reverse the latency and protection percent for mortality. Isopulegol also significantly prevented PTZ-induced increase in lipid peroxidation, preserved catalase activity in normal levels, and prevented the PTZ-induced loss of GSH in hippocampus of mice. These results suggest that the anticonvulsant and bioprotective effects of isopulegol against PTZ-induced convulsions are possibly related to positive modulation of benzodiazepine-sensitive GABA(A) receptors and to antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Izabel Gomes Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP: 60430-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Gonçalves JCR, Oliveira FDS, Benedito RB, de Sousa DP, de Almeida RN, de Araújo DAM. Antinociceptive Activity of (-)-Carvone: Evidence of Association with Decreased Peripheral Nerve Excitability. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1017-20. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Three-component imino Diels–Alder reaction with essential oil and seeds of anise: generation of new tetrahydroquinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Soares PMG, Lima RF, de Freitas Pires A, Souza EP, Assreuy AMS, Criddle DN. Effects of anethole and structural analogues on the contractility of rat isolated aorta: Involvement of voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels. Life Sci 2007; 81:1085-93. [PMID: 17869309 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anethole is a naturally occurring aromatic oxidant, present in a variety of medicinal plant extracts, which is commonly used by the food and beverage industry. Despite its widespread occurrence and commercial use, there is currently little information regarding effects of this compound on the vasculature. Therefore the actions of anethole on the contractility of rat isolated aorta were compared with those of eugenol, and their respective isomeric forms, estragole and isoeugenol. In aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE; 1 microM), anethole (10(-6) M-10(-4) M) induced contraction in preparations possessing an intact endothelium, but not in endothelium-denuded tissues. At higher concentrations (10(-3) M-10(-2) M), anethole-induced concentration-dependent and complete relaxation of all precontracted preparations, irrespective of whether the endothelium was intact or not, an action shared by eugenol, estragole and isoeugenol. The contractile and relaxant effects of anethole in PE-precontracted preparations were not altered by L-NAME (10 microM) or indomethacin (10 microM), indicating that neither nitric oxide nor prostaglandins were involved in these actions. The mixed profile of effects was not confined to PE-mediated contraction, since similar responses were obtained to anethole when tissues were precontracted with 25 mM KCl. Anethole and estragole (10(-6)-10(-4) M), but not eugenol or isoeugenol, increased the basal tonus of endothelium-denuded aortic rings, an action that was abolished by VDCC blockers nifedipine (1 microM) and diltiazem (1 microM), or by withdrawal of extracellular Ca(2+). Our data suggest complex effects of anethole on isolated blood vessels, inducing contraction at lower doses, mediated via opening of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channels, and relaxant effects at higher concentrations that are shared by structural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcos G Soares
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, ISCB-CCS, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, 60740-000, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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38
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Ueda-Nakamura T, Mendonça-Filho RR, Morgado-Díaz JA, Korehisa Maza P, Prado Dias Filho B, Aparício Garcia Cortez D, Alviano DS, Rosa MDSS, Lopes AHCS, Alviano CS, Nakamura CV. Antileishmanial activity of Eugenol-rich essential oil from Ocimum gratissimum. Parasitol Int 2006; 55:99-105. [PMID: 16343984 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases with a large spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Here we demonstrate the leishmanicidal activity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum as well as its main constituent, eugenol. The eugenol-rich essential oil of O. gratissimum progressively inhibited Leishmania amazonensis growth at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1000 microg/ml. The IC50 (sub-inhibitory concentration) of the essential oil for promastigotes and amastigotes were respectively 135 and 100 microg/ml and the IC50 of eugenol was 80 microg/ml for promastigote forms. L. amazonensis exposed to essential oil at concentrations corresponding to IC50 for promastigotes and for amastigotes underwent considerable ultrastructural alterations, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Two or more nuclei or flagella were observed in 31% and 23.3% of treated amastigote and promastigote forms, respectively, suggesting interference in cell division. Considerable mitochondrial swelling was observed in essential oil-treated promastigotes and amastigotes, which had the inner mitochondrial membrane altered, with a significant increase in the number of cristae; in some amastigotes the mitochondrial matrix became less electron-dense. The minimum inhibitory concentration for both promastigotes and amastigotes was 150 microg/ml. Pretreatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with 100 and 150 microg/ml essential oil reduced the indices of association between promastigotes and the macrophages, followed by increased in nitric oxide production by the infected macrophages. The essential oil showed no cytototoxic effects against mammalian cells. This set of results suggests that O. gratissimum essential oil and its compounds could be used as sources for new antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
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Nascimento NRF, Leal-Cardoso JH, Lessa LMA, Roriz-Filho JS, Cunha KMA, Fonteles MC. Terpinen-4-ol: mechanisms of relaxation on rabbit duodenum. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 57:467-74. [PMID: 15831207 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of terpinen-4-ol was studied on rabbit duodenum in-vitro. Terpinen-4-ol induced relaxation of the basal tonus (IC50 170.2 (95% confidence interval, 175-204) microM) with a maximal relaxant response of 180.4+/-3.9% (n=6) of the contraction induced by 60 mM [K(+)]. The maximal relaxation induced in control conditions was not affected (P>0.05) by pretreatment of the tissues with phentolamine (50 microM) or propranolol (10 microM), N(G) nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1 mM), 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 100 microM), hexamethonium (1 mM), tetrodotoxin (1 microM), the mixture charybdotoxin-apamin (1 microM), glibenclamide (10 microM), 4-aminopyridine (10 microM) or tetraethyl-ammonium (100 microM). In addition, terpinen-4-ol completely relaxed tissues precontracted with 60 mM [K(+)] solutions (IC50 325.9 (245.1-433.1) microM) and also blocked (IC50 154.7 (117.7-191.7) microM) the phasic component of this contraction. At a concentration of 195 and 650 muM it reduced by 41.3+/-3.4% and 75.4+/-3.1%, respectively the maximal contractile response to Ca(2+) in depolarized duodenum. Terpinen-4-ol completely blocked the component of carbachol-induced contraction, which was resistant to nifedipine (100 microM) pretreatment or to a Ca(2+)-free solution. These data show that terpinen-4-ol relaxes intestinal smooth muscle and suggest that this effect is myogenic in nature and depends on calcium antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilberto R F Nascimento
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP 60740-000, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Freire RS, Morais SM, Catunda-Junior FEA, Pinheiro DCSN. Synthesis and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotector activities of anethole and related compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4353-8. [PMID: 15890516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Some derivatives of trans-anethole [1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene] (1) were synthesized, by introducing hydroxyl groups in the double bond of the propenyl moiety. Two types of reactions were performed: (i) oxymercuration/demercuration that formed two products, the mono-hydroxyl derivative, 1-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-propane (2) and in lesser extent the dihydroxyl derivative, 1,2-dihydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-propane (3) and (ii) epoxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid that also led to the formation of two products, the dihydroxyl derivative (3) and the correspondent m-chloro-benzoic acid mono-ester, 1-hydroxy-1(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-m-chlorobenzoyl-propane (4). The structures of these compounds were confirmed mainly by mass, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectral data. The activity of anethole and hydroxylated derivatives was evaluated using antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotector tests. Compounds (2) and (3) were more active antioxidant agents than (1) and (4). In the anti-inflammatory assay, anethole showed lower activity than hydroxylated derivatives. Anethole and in lesser extent its derivatives 2 and 4 showed significant gastroprotector activity. All tested compounds do not alter significantly the total number of white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemayre S Freire
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ceará State, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP 60740-000 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Granger RE, Campbell EL, Johnston GAR. (+)- And (-)-borneol: efficacious positive modulators of GABA action at human recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA(A) receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:1101-11. [PMID: 15763546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene used for analgesia and anaesthesia in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine and is found in the essential oils of medicinal herbs, such as valerian. (+)-Borneol was found to have a highly efficacious positive modulating action at GABA(A) receptors, as did its enantiomer (-)-borneol. The effects of these bicyclic monoterpenes alone and with GABA were evaluated at recombinant human alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2L) GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology. (+)-Borneol (EC(50) 248microM) and (-)-borneol (EC(50) 237microM) enhanced the action of low concentrations of GABA by more than 1000%. These enhancing effects were highly dependent on the relative concentrations of the borneol enantiomer and GABA, and were insensitive to flumazenil indicating that (+)- and (-)-borneol were not acting at classical benzodiazepine sites. The maximal responses to GABA were enhanced 19% by (+)-borneol and reduced 21% by (-)-borneol. The borneol analogues isoborneol, (-)-bornyl acetate and camphor, produced less marked effects. At high concentrations (>1.5mM) (+)- and (-)-borneol directly activated GABA(A) receptors producing 89% and 84%, respectively, of the maximal GABA response indicative of a weak partial agonist action. Although of lower potency, the highly efficacious positive modulatory actions of (+)- and (-)-borneol on GABA responses were at least equivalent to that of the anaesthetic etomidate and much greater than that of diazepam or 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one. The relatively rigid cage structure of these bicyclic monoterpenes and their high efficacy may aid in a greater understanding of molecular aspects of positive modulation of the activation of GABA(A) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Granger
- Adrien Albert Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of aromatherapy in nursing care continues to be popular in many settings. Most of the nursing literature relates to the use of essential oils in low doses for massage or use of the oils as environmental fragrances. Information from the wider literature may add to the evidence base for use of this therapy in nursing. AIM This paper reports a literature relating to the use of aromatherapy by nurses and critically evaluates the evidence to support this practice. METHOD Medline, CINAHL, MANTIS and EBSCO Host databases were searched for papers related to use of essential oils and/or aromatherapy. Papers were also obtained through cross-checking of reference lists. A total of 165 articles have been included in this review. Nursing papers were published since 1990 were included, but some references from 1971 onwards relating to scientific research conducted on essential oils were also included. These remain valuable as they are probably the only reference available for a specific oil or property, or show the development of knowledge in this area. Papers were excluded if they consisted only of brief case studies presented in abstract form. The review covers key professional issues and the principal areas of clinical practice where aromatherapy is used. FINDINGS Despite calls for more research in the 1980s and 1990s, there is still little empirical evidence to support the use of aromatherapy in nursing practice beyond enhancing relaxation. Its popularity needs to be balanced against the potential risks related to allergies, safety and inappropriate use by inexperienced users. CONCLUSIONS There is great potential for more collaborative research by nurses to explore the clinical applications in greater detail and to move beyond the low dose paradigm of application of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Maddocks-Jennings
- Universal College of Learning, and Nurse Clinician/Trainee Nurse Practitioner, Acute Pain Services, Midcentral Health, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Dip EC, Pereira NA, Fernandes PD. Ability of eugenol to reduce tongue edema induced by Dieffenbachia picta Schott in mice. Toxicon 2004; 43:729-35. [PMID: 15109894 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Revised: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dieffenbachia picta Schott (Araceae), known in Brazil as "comigo-ninguém-pode" is an ornamental plant with toxic properties. Its juice, when chewed, causes a painful edema of the oral mucous membranes, buccal ulcerations and tongue hypertrophy. This acute inflammation sometimes becomes severe enough to produce glottis obstruction, respiratory compromise and death. Eugenol (4-alil-2-metoxiphenol), the essential oil extracted from Caryophyllus aromaticus (Myrtaceae) is widely used in odontology. In this study, our objective was to standardize, in mice, a measurable methodology for the tongue edema induced by the topical application of the D. picta stem juice; evaluate the effects of eugenol in this model and compare the results with emergency treatment used in hospitals. Our results show that in spite of a small increase in edema a few minutes after administration, emergency treatment reduced by 70% the overall edema. When compared with the combination of the above drugs, eugenol, even at the smallest dose of 5 microg/kg, regardless of the chosen administration route, or the moment the treatment began, presents better results in the reduction and inhibition of the tongue edema induced by the D. picta juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etyene Castro Dip
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Oxido Nítrico, Departamento de Farmacologia Básica e Clínica, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68016, 21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Weber HA, Zart MK, Hodges AE, Molloy HM, O'Brien BM, Moody LA, Clark AP, Harris RK, Overstreet JD, Smith CS. Chemical comparison of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) root powder from three commercial suppliers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:7352-7358. [PMID: 14640583 DOI: 10.1021/jf034339r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of herbal materials is a significant challenge to analytical chemists. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.), which has been chosen for toxicity evaluation by NIEHS, is among the top 15 herbal supplements currently on the market and contains a complex mixture of indigenous components ranging from carbohydrates and amino acids to isoquinoline alkaloids. One key component of herbal supplement production is botanical authentication, which is also recommended prior to initiation of efficacy or toxicological studies. To evaluate material available to consumers, goldenseal root powder was obtained from three commercial suppliers and a strategy was developed for characterization and comparison that included Soxhlet extraction, HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses. HPLC was used to determine the weight percentages of the goldenseal alkaloids berberine, hydrastine, and canadine in the various extract residues. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid native to Coptis spp. and other common goldenseal adulterants, was also quantitated using HPLC. GC-MS was used to identify non-alkaloid constituents in goldenseal root powder, whereas LC-MS was used to identify alkaloid components. After review of the characterization data, it was determined that alkaloid content was the best biomarker for goldenseal. A 20-min ambient extraction method for the determination of alkaloid content was also developed and used to analyze the commercial material. All three lots of purchased material contained goldenseal alkaloids hydrastinine, berberastine, tetrahydroberberastine, canadaline, berberine, hydrastine, and canadine. Material from a single supplier also contained palmatine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine, thus indicating that the material was not pure goldenseal. Comparative data for three commercial sources of goldenseal root powder are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Weber
- Midwest Research Institute, 425 Volker Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64110.
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Patočka J. The chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the biologically active constituents of the herb Hypericum perforatum L. J Appl Biomed 2003. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2003.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Current awareness in flavour and fragrance. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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