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Oizumi R, Sugimoto Y, Aibara H. The Potential of Exercise on Lifestyle and Skin Function: Narrative Review. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2024; 7:e51962. [PMID: 38483460 PMCID: PMC10979338 DOI: 10.2196/51962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is an important organ of the human body and has moisturizing and barrier functions. Factors such as sunlight and lifestyle significantly affect these skin functions, with sunlight being extremely damaging. The effects of lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet, and sleep have been studied extensively. It has been found that smoking increases the risk of wrinkles, while excessive fat and sugar intake leads to skin aging. Lack of sleep and stress are also dangerous for the skin's barrier function. In recent years, the impact of exercise habits on skin function has been a focus of study. Regular exercise is associated with increased blood flow to the skin, elevated skin temperature, and improved skin moisture. Furthermore, it has been shown to improve skin structure and rejuvenate its appearance, possibly through promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis and affecting hormone secretion. Further research is needed to understand the effects of different amounts and content of exercise on the skin. OBJECTIVE This study aims to briefly summarize the relationship between lifestyle and skin function and the mechanisms that have been elucidated so far and introduce the expected effects of exercise on skin function. METHODS We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and Google Scholar repositories for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2022 with the following keywords: exercise, skin, and life habits. RESULTS Exercise augments the total spectrum power density of cutaneous blood perfusion by a factor of approximately 8, and vasodilation demonstrates an enhancement of approximately 1.5-fold. Regular exercise can also mitigate age-related skin changes by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis. However, not all exercise impacts are positive; for instance, swimming in chlorinated pools may harm the skin barrier function. Hence, the exercise environment should be considered for its potential effects on the skin. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that exercise can potentially enhance skin function retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Oizumi
- Faculty of Nursing, Shijonawate gakuen University, Daito-shi, Japan
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Oizumi R, Sugimoto Y, Aibara H. Effects of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function in adults. Dermatol Reports 2023; 15:9711. [PMID: 38196897 PMCID: PMC10774845 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2023.9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Among lifestyle habits, the effect of exercise on skin moisturizing function has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effect of regular exercise on skin moisturizing function. The participants were 30-64 years old with no history of skin diseases and no exercise habits at the start of the study. The intervention group (n=9) continued to exercise at least 600 Mets/week for 8 weeks, while the control group (n=28) followed conventional lifestyle habits for 8 weeks. Questionnaires regarding lifestyle habits were administered at the beginning and after 8 weeks, and skin moisturizing function (stratum corneum hydration: SC hydration, Trans-Epidermal Water Loss: TEWL) was measured. Analysis of covariance was performed using sex, age, and measurements at the start of the study as covariates. Analysis of covariance showed that after 8 weeks of "moderate" or "higher" exercise, there was a trend toward higher SC hydration in the intervention group compared to that in the control group (p=0.083, η2=0.10). There was no difference in TEWL after 8 weeks (p=0.864, η2=0.00). These results suggest that regular exercise may help maintain and improve skin moisturizing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Oizumi
- Shijonawate Gakuen University Faculty of Nursing Gakuen-cyo, Daito-shi, Osaka
| | - Yoshie Sugimoto
- Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of nursing, Habikino, habikino-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aibara
- Shijonawate Gakuen University Faculty of Nursing Gakuen-cyo, Daito-shi, Osaka
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Reynès C, Beaume JB, Latil-Plat F, Ennaifer H, Rocher L, Antoine-Jonville S, Benamo E, Knapp Y, Vinet A. Concomitant Peripheral Neuropathy and Type 2 Diabetes Impairs Postexercise Cutaneous Perfusion and Flowmotion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3979-e3989. [PMID: 34111245 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy exhibit microvascular dysfunction at rest. However, data regarding their microvascular perfusion during exercise remain scarce. OBJECTIVE This study investigated changes in microvascular perfusion during postexercise recovery in those with type 2 diabetes, with or without peripheral neuropathy, as well as in healthy controls and those with obesity. METHODS Skin blood perfusion was assessed in each group using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and laser speckle contrast imaging before and immediately after a 6-minute walking test. LDF recordings underwent wavelet transformation to allow specific control mechanisms of blood perfusion to be studied (eg, endothelial nitric oxide-independent and -dependent, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac mechanisms). RESULTS Skin blood perfusion increased after exercise in all groups (22.3 ± 28.1% with laser speckle contrast imaging and 22.1 ± 52.5% with LDF). Throughout postexercise recovery, the decrease was blunted in those with subclinical peripheral neuropathy and confirmed peripheral neuropathy when compared to the other 3 groups. After exercise, total spectral power increased in all groups. The relative contributions of each endothelial band was lower in those with confirmed peripheral neuropathy than in the healthy controls and those with obesity (nitric oxide-dependent function: 23.6 ± 8.9% vs 35.5 ± 5.8% and 29.3 ± 8.8%, respectively; nitric oxide-independent function: 49.1 ± 23.7% vs 53.3 ± 10.4% and 64.6 ± 11.4%, respectively). The neurogenic contribution decreased less in those with confirmed peripheral neuropathy and in those with type 2 diabetes alone, compared to those with subclinical peripheral neuropathy and those with obesity (-14.5 ± 9.9% and -12.2 ± 6.1% vs -26.5 ± 4.7% and -21.7 ± 9.4%, respectively). CONCLUSION Peripheral neuropathy, whatever the stage, altered the microvascular response to exercise via impaired endothelial and neurogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Reynès
- Avignon Université, LAPEC EA4278, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | - Françoise Latil-Plat
- Service endocrinologie et maladies métaboliques, Centre hospitalier Henri Duffaut, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Houda Ennaifer
- Service endocrinologie et maladies métaboliques, Centre hospitalier Henri Duffaut, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Laure Rocher
- Service endocrinologie et maladies métaboliques, Centre hospitalier Henri Duffaut, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | - Eric Benamo
- Service endocrinologie et maladies métaboliques, Centre hospitalier Henri Duffaut, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Yannick Knapp
- Avignon Université, LAPEC EA4278, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Agnès Vinet
- Avignon Université, LAPEC EA4278, F-84000, Avignon, France
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Fei C, Xu Y, Cao T, Jiang W, Zou Y, Maibach H. Effect of scratching and friction on human skin in vivo. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:1049-1056. [PMID: 33999461 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effect of scratching and friction on human skin function and functional differences between scratching and friction. METHOD Forty healthy volunteers were enrolled. Scratching and friction behavior was modeled by scalpel and sandpaper simulation to forearm for 80 times, respectively. Noninvasive bioengineering devices were used to measure basic skin physiological parameters and exfoliated stratum corneum collected and protein quantified. Parameters were recorded at baseline (BL) and after every 20 times interventions (20, 40, 60, and 80 times). RESULTS Compared to BL, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) value increased significantly at both scratched and friction sites (P < .001) with a significant higher value for friction (P < .001). There was no significant difference in stratum corneum hydration (SCH) value postscratching (P > .05), while it decreased first and then increased significantly at friction site (P < .001). Roughness values (contract (CONT), variety (VAR), and scaliness (SEsc)) were raised significantly at both sites (P < .001). Net change in CONT and SEsc values of friction was higher than scratched sites (P > .05). There was no significant difference in blood flow after both scratching and friction (P > .05). Quantity of keratinocyte protein from friction sites was statistically higher than scratching after 80 times interventions (P < .05). CONCLUSION Both noninvasive detections and protein quantification indicated more damage from friction, which may have significance for behavior guidance of patients with pruritus and implication for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwen Fei
- Department of Skin and Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Xu
- Department of Skin and Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Skin and Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,School of medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencai Jiang
- Department of Skin and Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Skin and Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Howard Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Ryosuke O, Yoshie S, Hiromi A. The association between activity levels and skin moisturising function in adults. Dermatol Reports 2021; 13:8811. [PMID: 33824705 PMCID: PMC8018252 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2021.8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with skin moisture retention include age and lifestyle, such as diet and sleep efficiency. However, the impact of exercise habits on skin moisturising function is unclear. We surveyed 86 participants from a Japanese university about their activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We also examined their skin moisturising function, measuring stratum corneum (SC) hydration levels and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Comparisons of participants’ activity levels, SC hydration, and TEWL, accounting for their gender and age differences, revealed activity levels significantly related to differences in SC hydration levels. Results of multiple comparisons showed increased activity relates to significantly higher SC hydration − the higher the activity levels, the higher the hydration. No difference was found in TEWL. The results suggest exercise habits can prevent dry skin. The findings may be useful for the prevention and treatment of dry skin and promoting the benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sugimoto Yoshie
- School of Nursing, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate Habikino, habikino- shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aibara Hiromi
- School of Nursing, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate Habikino, habikino- shi, Osaka, Japan
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Battesha HHM, Elhak RKAEG. Effect of trunk control training on plantar pressure in patients with lumbar disc herniation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2019.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/aims Chronic spinal disc disease leads to disorders in postural movement coordination. An incorrect asymmetrical movement pattern for lower limb loading impairs proprioception and deteriorates postural stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk control training on the redistribution of plantar pressure to reduce the risk of posture sway while standing in patients with sciatica resulting from a herniated lumbar disc. Methods This study included 30 male and female patients with sciatica resulting from lumbar disc herniation, their ages ranged from 45–60 years. The patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups. The study group received posture stability training by using the Biodex Balance System in addition to a selected physical therapy programme. The control group received the selected physical therapy programme only. Results: The results revealed that in the study group, there was a significant increase of plantar pressure at the right and the left centre of heel, while there was a significant decrease of plantar pressure at the right and the left forefoot post treatment. In the control group, there was no significant difference in plantar pressure at the right and the left centre of the heel and forefoot post treatment. Conclusions: Trunk control training, in addition to the selected physical therapy programme, was more effective than only using the selected physical therapy programme to redistribute foot plantar pressure, which can reduce posture sway for patients with sciatica resulting from a herniated lumbar disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Hosny M Battesha
- Department of Physical Therapy for Neuromuscular Disorders and Its surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Kotb Abd Elrazik Gad Elhak
- Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders and Its surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu FL, Wang WT, Liao F, Liu Y, Li J, Jan YK. Microvascular Control Mechanism of the Plantar Foot in Response to Different Walking Speeds and Durations: Implication for the Prevention of Foot Ulcers. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 20:327-336. [PMID: 32326799 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620915360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) as a preventive intervention of diabetes complications. However, there is no study investigating how microvascular control mechanism respond to different walking intensities in people with and without diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess microvascular control mechanism of the plantar foot in response to various walking speeds and durations in 12 healthy people using spectral analysis of skin blood flow (SBF) oscillations. A 3×2 factorial design, including 3 speeds (3, 6, and 9 km/h) and 2 durations (10 and 20 minutes), was used in this study. Plantar SBF was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry over the first metatarsal head. Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and heart rate maximum were used to assess the walking intensity. Wavelet analysis was used to quantify regulations of metabolic (0.0095-0.02 Hz), neurogenic (0.02-0.05 Hz), myogenic (0.05-0.15 Hz), respiratory (0.15-0.4 Hz), and cardiac (0.4-2 Hz) controls. For 10-minute walking, walking at 9 km/h significantly increased the ratio of wavelet amplitudes of metabolic, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac mechanisms compared with 3 km/h (P < .05). For 20-minute walking, walking at 6 km/h significantly increased the ratio of wavelet amplitudes of metabolic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac compared with 3 km/h (P < .05). RPE showed a significant interaction between the speed and duration factors (P < .01). This is the first study demonstrating that different walking speeds and durations caused different plantar microvascular regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lien Wu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Fuyuan Liao
- Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jiacong Li
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.,Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Banerjee G, Briggs M, Johnson MI. The immediate effects of kinesiology taping on cutaneous blood flow in healthy humans under resting conditions: A randomised controlled repeated-measures laboratory study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229386. [PMID: 32084245 PMCID: PMC7034885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesiology taping (KT) is used in musculoskeletal practice for preventive and rehabilitative purposes. It is claimed that KT improves blood flow in the microcirculation by creating skin convolutions and that this reduces swelling and facilitates healing of musculoskeletal injuries. There is a paucity of physiological studies evaluating the effect of KT on cutaneous blood microcirculation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this parallel-group controlled laboratory repeated measures design study was to evaluate the effects of KT on cutaneous blood microcirculation in healthy human adults using a dual wavelength (infrared and visible-red) laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) system. KT was compared with rigid taping and no taping controls to isolate the effects associated with the elasticity of KT. METHODS Forty-five healthy male and female human adults were allocated to one of the three interventions using constrained randomisation following the pre-intervention measurement: (i) KT (ii) ST (standard taping) (iii) NT (no taping). Cutaneous blood perfusion was measured using LDI in the ventral surface of forearm at pre-intervention, during-intervention and post-intervention in a normothermic environment at resting conditions. RESULTS Mixed ANOVA of both infrared and visible-red datasets revealed no statistically significant interaction between Intervention and Time. There was statistically significant main effect for Time but not Intervention. CONCLUSION KT does not increase cutaneous blood microcirculation in healthy human adults under resting physiological conditions in a normothermic environment. On the contrary, evidence suggests that taping, regardless of the elasticity in the tape, is associated with immediate reductions in cutaneous blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Banerjee
- Centre for Pain Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Briggs
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I. Johnson
- Centre for Pain Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
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Potočnik N, Lenasi H. The responses of glabrous and nonglabrous skin microcirculation to graded dynamic exercise and its recovery. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 64:65-75. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-162045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Medbø JI, Hisdal J, Stranden E. Blood flow in the brachial artery increases after intense cycling exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2010; 69:752-63. [PMID: 19929718 DOI: 10.3109/00365510903128558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During cycling blood flow is redistributed from physically inactive tissues to working leg muscles. It is unknown how long this situation persists after very intense exercise or whether it differs between intense exhausting and non-exhausting exercise. It is also not known to what extent the redistribution differs between different types of non-active tissues. Therefore nine healthy young men cycled first for 2 min at 328 W (non-exhausting exercise, mean). Blood velocity in thigh and arm (ultrasound-doppler), perfusion of forearm skin (non-acral skin) and finger tip (acral skin, with arterio-venous anastomoses) were measured for 30 min after exercise (laser-doppler). To be able to study vascular resistance and central circulation, blood pressure (Finometer), heart rate (ECG), and stroke volume (ultrasound-doppler) were measured. Thereafter the subjects cycled at the same power to exhaustion (4 min), and the measurements were repeated. After both exercises mean blood pressure was unchanged (< or = 80 mm Hg) despite increased cardiac output (> or = + 30% vs. pre-exercise). Blood velocity in the brachial artery was higher during the whole recovery period than at rest (p< or =0.02; no differences between exercises). Blood perfusion of non-acral skin was unchanged from pre-exercise level after 2 min of non-exhausting exercise, but it was twice as high after 4 min cycling to exhaustion as at rest (p=0.02). Blood perfusion of acral skin rose after both exercises and did not differ between exhausting and non-exhausting exercise. In conclusion, arm blood flow increases above the pre-exercise level in the recovery period after short-lasting, strenuous exercise.
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