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Dagne A, Yihunie W, Nibret G, Tegegne BA. The genus Commelina: Focus on distribution, morphology, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and Ethno-pharmacological activities: An updated literature review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30945. [PMID: 38784558 PMCID: PMC11112323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural plant-based medicines have gained in popularity, replacing artificial models and chemicals as a result of new pharmacological discoveries. The increased popularity and acceptability of herbal medications such as Commelina arose from the assumption that all-natural products are safe, readily available, and inexpensive. The genus Commelina (Commelinaceae), which has over 200 species, has long been utilized as a treatment for a variety of ailments and conditions around the world. However, to the authors' knowledge, there are no Comprehensive scientific reports of many medicinally important species of the genus Commelina under one roof. The current narrative review aims to present an updated overview of the various species of Commelina focusing on its morphology; geographical distribution; traditional medicinal use (species type, parts of the plant used, the mode of action, ailments treated, and countries practicing); phytochemical constituents; and pharmacological properties. The data search approach was carried out utilizing English-language electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Research Gates, Ethnobotany Research and Applications, and Google Scholar. Using key terms such as "medicinal plant," "genus Commelina," "traditional medicinal usage of Commelina species," "photochemistry of Commelina species," and "pharmacological (biologic) activities of Commelina species" numerous searches and in-depth discussions are conducted. It was found that many Commelina species contain bioactive-phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) with a variety of structural kinds, including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, sterols, anthocyanins, and others which are presumed for their pharmacological activities. According to the invitro and preclinical reports, the Commelina species have shown anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-microbial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepato-protective, diuretic, fertility-inducing, anti-diarrheal, and anthelmintic activity, sedative, and anxiolytic activities. Although standardized extracts and phytochemicals derived from numerous Commelina species are presumed to provide safer alternatives for treating a variety of human ailments, the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus' plants have yet to be thoroughly investigated, both in preclinical studies with various animal models and in large-scale clinical trials. The authors also advocate for future collaboration among scientists, pharmaceutical firm owners, and other interested parties to develop novel commelina drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebe Dagne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Wubetu Yihunie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getinet Nibret
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bantayehu Addis Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Lu N, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yang J, Zheng S, Wang L, Guo W. Biosynthetic pathways and related genes regulation of bioactive ingredients in mulberry leaves. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2287881. [PMID: 38014901 PMCID: PMC10761104 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2287881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are served not only as fodder for silkworms but also as potential functional food, exhibiting nutritional and medical benefits due to the complex and diverse constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans, which possess a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-diabete, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Nevertheless, compared with the well-studied phytochemistry and pharmacology of mulberry leaves, the current understanding of the biosynthesis mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms of active ingredients in mulberry leaves remain unclear. Natural resources of these active ingredients are limited owing to their low contents in mulberry leaves tissues and the long growth cycle of mulberry. Biosynthesis is emerging as an alternative means for accumulation of the desired high-value compounds, which can broaden channels for their large-scale green productions. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent research advance on the correlative key genes, enzyme biocatalytic reactions and biosynthetic pathways of valuable natural ingredients (i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans) in mulberry leaves, thereby offering important insights for their further biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Shicun Zheng
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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Yang Z, Luo Y, Xia X, He J, Zhang J, Zeng Q, Li D, Ma B, Zhang S, Zhai C, Chen M, He N. Dehydrogenase MnGutB1 catalyzes 1-deoxynojirimycin biosynthesis in mulberry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1307-1320. [PMID: 36800200 PMCID: PMC10231399 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As the prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, the number of individuals living with diabetes complications will reach an unprecedented magnitude. Continuous use of some synthetic agents to reduce blood glucose levels causes severe side effects, and thus, the demand for nontoxic, affordable drugs persists. Naturally occurring compounds, such as iminosugars derived from the mulberry (Morus spp.), have been shown to reduce blood glucose levels. In mulberry, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is the predominant iminosugar. However, the mechanism underlying DNJ biosynthesis is not completely understood. Here, we showed that DNJ in mulberry is derived from sugar and catalyzed through 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannitol (ADM) dehydrogenase MnGutB1. Combining both targeted and nontargeted metabolite profiling methods, DNJ and its precursors ADM and nojirimycin (NJ) were quantified in mulberry samples from different tissues. Purified His-tagged MnGutB1 oxidized the hexose derivative ADM to form the 6-oxo compound DNJ. The mutant MnGutB1 D283N lost this remarkable capability. Furthermore, in contrast to virus-induced gene silencing of MnGutB1 in mulberry leaves that disrupted the biosynthesis of DNJ, overexpression of MnGutB1 in hairy roots and light-induced upregulation of MnGutB1 enhanced DNJ accumulation. Our results demonstrated that hexose derivative ADM, rather than lysine derivatives, is the precursor in DNJ biosynthesis, and it is catalyzed by MnGutB1 to form the 6-oxo compound. These results represent a breakthrough in producing DNJ and its analogs for medical use by metabolic engineering or synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yiwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiwei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changxin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ningjia He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Wang D, Zhao L, Wan J, Liu J, Wei Y, Ouyang Z, Yu X. Molecular cloning, expression, and functional analysis of copper amine oxidase gene from mulberry (Morus alba L.). Protein Expr Purif 2022; 201:106166. [PMID: 36174814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a key enzyme encoded by the gene copper amine oxidase (MaCAO), which is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ)1, an active ingredient in mulberry leaves. The 1680 bp long MaCAO was successfully cloned (GenBank accession no: MH205733). Subsequently, MaCAO was heterologously expressed using a recombinant plasmid, pET-22b (+)/MaCAO in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). A protein with a molecular mass of 62.9 kDa was obtained, whose function was validated through enzymatic reaction. Bioinformatics analysis identified that MaCAO contained the same conserved domain as that of copper amine oxidases ("NYDY"). Furthermore, the tertiary structure of the predicted protein using homology modeling revealed 46% similarity with that of copper amine oxidase (Protein Data Bank ID: 1W2Z). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the enzymatic reaction revealed that MaCAO could catalyze 1,5-pentanediamine to produce 5-aminopentanal. Additionally, levels of mulberry leaf DNJ content were significantly positively correlated with expression levels of MaCAO (P < 0.001). Our results conclude that MaCAO is the key enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of DNJ. The function of MaCAO is validated, providing a foundation for the further analysis of biosynthetic pathways of DNJ in mulberry leaves using tools of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujun Wang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jingqiong Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
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Wang Z, Dai F, Tang C, Xiao G, Li Z, Luo G. Quantitative determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in 146 varieties of mulberry fruit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1955923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanwei Dai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Liang C, Yin J, Ma Y, Zhang X, Gao J, Zhang L. A Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Two Pairs of Isomeric Flavonoids from Commelina Communis Linn in Rat Plasma: Validation and Pharmacokinetic Applications. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190523114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Commelina communis Linn (Commelinae Herba) is a traditional Chinese medicine
that can be used both as food and as medicine. It has been used to treat a variety of disorders, including
a cold, high fever, sore throat, edema and oliguria for many years. Two pairs of isomeric flavonoid
glycosides are the main active components in Commelina communis Linn, and they have a high
content.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamic and pharmacological
effects of Commelina communis Linn.
Method:
A sensitive, efficient, and rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously identify
two pairs of isomeric flavonoid glycosides in rats. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a
Wonda Cract ODS-2 C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase composed of 0.1%
formic acid (aqueous solution) and methanol at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection of the four
analytes and the internal standard (IS) sulfamethoxazole was performed with multiple reaction monitoring
(MRM) in negative electrospray ionization mode. All the analytes were eluted within 20 min.
Results:
This method was successfully applied for simultaneous identification of the concentrations of
the four compounds in the plasma after the oral administration of 10 mL/kg Commelina communis Linn
extract to rats. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that analytes reached their Cmax in approximately 15
min and could be detected until 12 h.
Conclusion:
The method complies with the State Food and Drug Administration guidelines for selectivity,
sensitivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability. This is the first report
on the pharmacokinetics of Commelina communis Linn. The information gained from this research
may be valuable for the preclinical and clinical applications of Commelina communis Linn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Jintuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Yinling Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050051, China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050017, China
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Joubert E, Muller CJF, Louw J, Tiano L, Nkambule BB, Kappo AP, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. Isoorientin: A dietary flavone with the potential to ameliorate diverse metabolic complications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104867. [PMID: 32407953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isoorientin is a natural C-glucosyl flavone that is generating a lot of interest due to its multiple pharmacological activities. Increasing experimental data have shown that the robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of isoorientin remain important in ameliorating a number of metabolic complications. In fact, plants rich in isoorientin have demonstrated strong ameliorative properties against complications such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, while such evidence is accumulating, it has not been reviewed to better inform on the therapeutic potential of this flavone in improving human health. This review examines and extrapolates available literature on the potential beneficial or detrimental effects associated with the use of isoorientin in mitigating metabolic diseases, with a specific focus on diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance, including associated complications. The discussion includes effective doses in various experimental settings and proposed molecular mechanisms by which isoorientin may exert its therapeutic effects. In addition, the protective effects of extracts of a number of isoorientin-rich plants against metabolic complications will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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Hong KQ, Fu XM, Yin H, Li ST, Chen T, Wang ZW. Advances in the Extraction, Purification and Detection of the Natural Product 1-Deoxynojirimycin. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:246-257. [PMID: 31914794 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1711012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), a polyhydroxylated alkaloid, is a highly selective and potent glycosidase inhibitor that has garnered great interest as a tool to study cellular recognition and as a potential therapeutic agent. The development of analytical methods for the quantification polyhydroxylated alkaloids in natural products requires a multifaceted approach. Many publications over the past five decades have described analytical methods for this compound. However, recently more advanced techniques have come to prominence for sample extraction, purification, detection, and identification. This review provides an updated, extensive overview of the available methods for the extraction, purification, identification or detection of 1-DNJ. The review highlights different strategies for the design of 1-DNJ detection methods, which we analyzed in light of recent detection data. Finally, we conclude with perspectives on possible strategies for increasing the efficiency of identification and quantification of 1-DNJ in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Qiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Institute of Sericultural Sciences of Sichuan Province, Nanchong, China
| | - Shu-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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1-Deoxynojirimycin modulates glucose homeostasis by regulating the combination of IR-GlUT4 and ADIPO-GLUT4 pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6277-6285. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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An overview of the biological production of 1-deoxynojirimycin: current status and future perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9335-9344. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang D, Zhao L, Wang D, Liu J, Yu X, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. Transcriptome analysis and identification of key genes involved in 1-deoxynojirimycin biosynthesis of mulberry ( Morus alba L.). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5443. [PMID: 30155358 PMCID: PMC6109587 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) represents one of the most commonly utilized plants in traditional medicine and as a nutritional plant used worldwide. The polyhydroxylated alkaloid 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is the major bioactive compounds of mulberry in treating diabetes. However, the DNJ content in mulberry is very low. Therefore, identification of key genes involved in DNJ alkaloid biosynthesis will provide a basis for the further analysis of its biosynthetic pathway and ultimately for the realization of synthetic biological production. Here, two cDNA libraries of mulberry leaf samples with different DNJ contents were constructed. Approximately 16 Gb raw RNA-Seq data was generated and de novo assembled into 112,481 transcripts, with an average length of 766 bp and an N50 value of 1,392. Subsequently, all unigenes were annotated based on nine public databases; 11,318 transcripts were found to be significantly differentially regulated. A total of 38 unique candidate genes were identified as being involved in DNJ alkaloid biosynthesis in mulberry, and nine unique genes had significantly different expression. Three key transcripts of DNJ biosynthesis were identified and further characterized using RT-PCR; they were assigned to lysine decarboxylase and primary-amine oxidase genes. Five CYP450 transcripts and two methyltransferase transcripts were significantly associated with DNJ content. Overall, the biosynthetic pathway of DNJ alkaloid was preliminarily speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- College of Oceanology and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Wang N, Zhu F, Chen K. 1-Deoxynojirimycin: Sources, Extraction, Analysis and Biological Functions. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a natural polyhydroxylated piperidine alkaloid, is attracting growing attention due to its important biological functions. This paper introduces the discovery and origins of DNJ, its extraction, purification, and physiological functions in the treatment of diabetes. The mechanisms of DNJ in the inhibition of fat accumulation and tumor cell metastasis are also discussed. In addition, the prospects and challenges of DNJ for practical production are proposed. This work aims to provide technical advice on obtaining DNJ and a fuller understanding of its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
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13
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Chen Y, Liu S, Shi L. Determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in the Larvae of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori, by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.924011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Ryu KS, Lee HS, Kim KY, Kim MJ, Sung GB, Ji SD, Kang PD. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Content and Blood Glucose-Lowering Effect of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Extract Powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7852/ijie.2013.27.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ryu KS, Lee HS, Kim KY, Kim MJ, Kang PD. Heat Stability and Glucose-Lowering Effect of 1-Deoxynojirimycin from Silkworm (Bombyx mori) extract Powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7852/ijie.2013.27.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Zhang GB, Tian LQ, Li YM, Liao YF, Li J, Bing FH. Protective effect of homonojirimycin from Commelina communis (dayflower) on influenza virus infection in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:964-968. [PMID: 23746956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of homonojirimycin (HNJ), one of alkaloids from Commelina communis L., on protection against influenza virus infection in mice were investigated. HNJ was found to improve the survival rate, prolong the mean survival time and reduce virus yields in lungs on days 4 and 6 post-infection (p.i.), after the agent had been orally administered to the mice from 2 days before infection to 6 days p.i. Administration of HNJ (1 mg/kg) significantly increased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 levels but decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 levels in serum and lungs of influenza-infected mice on days 2, 4 or 6 p.i. These results showed that HNJ exerted protection against influenza virus infection and produced effective immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-bin Zhang
- Pharmacy College, He'nan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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17
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Balieu S, Guilleret A, Reynaud R, Martinez A, Haudrechy A. Stereoselective synthesis of (2S,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydroxymethyl pyrrolidine from L-sorbose. Carbohydr Res 2013; 374:14-22. [PMID: 23603481 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequently synthesized iminosugar derivatives is DMDP. Starting from L-sorbose, a practical method for the synthesis of derivatives of this five-membered iminocyclitol has been developed, involving straightforward steps and a convenient selective reduction of a ketoxime intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Balieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims, Reims, France
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18
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Lenagh-Snow GMJ, Jenkinson SF, Newberry SJ, Kato A, Nakagawa S, Adachi I, Wormald MR, Yoshihara A, Morimoto K, Akimitsu K, Izumori K, Fleet GWJ. Eight stereoisomers of homonojirimycin from D-mannose. Org Lett 2012; 14:2050-3. [PMID: 22472134 DOI: 10.1021/ol3005744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although there are 32 6-azidoheptitols, there are only 16 homonojirimycin (HNJ) stereoisomers. Two epimeric azidoalditols derived from d-mannose allow the synthesis in water of eight stereoisomers of HNJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M J Lenagh-Snow
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK
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Yin H, Shi XQ, Sun B, Ye JJ, Duan ZA, Zhou XL, Cui WZ, Wu XF. Accumulation of 1-deoxynojirimycin in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11:286-91. [PMID: 20349525 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b0900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) contents in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, at different developmental stages and tissues were investigated by using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The 1-DNJ contents of silkworm larvae change significantly with their developmental stages. The male larvae showed higher accumulation efficiency of 1-DNJ than the females and also a significant variation was observed among the silkworm strains. The present results show that tissue distribution of 1-DNJ was significantly higher in blood, digestive juice, and alimentary canal, but no 1-DNJ was observed in the silkgland. Moreover, 1-DNJ was not found in silkworms fed with artificial diet that does not contain mulberry leaf powder. This proves that silkworms obtain 1-DNJ from mulberry leaves; they could not synthesize 1-DNJ by themselves. The accumulation and excretion of 1-DNJ change periodically during the larval stage. There was no 1-DNJ in the newly-hatched larvae and 1-DNJ was mainly accumulated during the early and middle stages of every instar, while excreted at later stages of larval development. Further, it is possible to extract 1-DNJ from the larval feces and it is optimal to develop the 1-DNJ related products for diabetic auxiliary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Environment, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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21
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Shibano M, Kakutani K, Taniguchi M, Yasuda M, Baba K. Antioxidant constituents in the dayflower (Commelina communis L.) and their α-glucosidase-inhibitory activity. J Nat Med 2008; 62:349-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-008-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Lans C. Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for reproductive problems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2007; 3:13. [PMID: 17362507 PMCID: PMC1838898 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout history women have tried to control or enhance their fertility using herbal remedies, with various levels of societal support. Caribbean folk medicine has been influenced by European folk medicine, either through the early Spanish and French settlers or through the continuous immigration of Spanish-speaking peoples from Venezuela. Some folk uses are ancient and were documented by Galen and Pliny the Elder. METHODS Thirty respondents, ten of whom were male were interviewed from September 1996 to September 2000. The respondents were obtained by snowball sampling, and were found in thirteen different sites, 12 in Trinidad (Paramin, Talparo, Sangre Grande, Mayaro, Carapichaima, Kernahan, Newlands, Todd's Road, Arima, Guayaguayare, Santa Cruz, Port of Spain and Siparia) and one in Tobago (Mason Hall). Snowball sampling was used because there was no other means of identifying respondents and to cover the entire islands. The validation of the remedies was conducted with a non-experimental method. RESULTS Plants are used for specific problems of both genders. Clusea rosea, Urena sinuata and Catharanthus roseus are used for unspecified male problems. Richeria grandis and Parinari campestris are used for erectile dysfunction. Ageratum conyzoides, Scoparia dulcis, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, Gomphrena globosa and Justicia pectoralis are used for prostate problems. The following plants are used for childbirth and infertility: Mimosa pudica, Ruta graveolens, Abelmoschus moschatus, Chamaesyce hirta, Cola nitida, Ambrosia cumanenesis, Pilea microphylla, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Coleus aromaticus, Laportea aestuans and Vetiveria zizanioides. The following plants are used for menstrual pain and unspecified female complaints: Achyranthes indica, Artemisia absinthium, Brownea latifolia, Eleutherine bulbosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Eupatorium macrophyllum, Justicia secunda, Parthenium hysterophorus, Wedelia trilobata, Abelmoschus moschatus, Capraria biflora, Cordia curassavica, Croton gossypifolius, Entada polystachya, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata and Ambrosia cumanenesis. CONCLUSION Native Caribbean plants have been less studied that those from Africa, India and Europe. Chamaesyce hirta has scientific support but as a diuretic. Other plants with level 3 validity for reproductive issues are: Achyranthes indica, Coleus aromaticus, Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Parthenium hysterophorus and Ruta graveolens. The non-experimental validation method can be used to advise the public on which plants are safe, effective and useful, and which are not; pending clinical trials. This is especially important since so few clinical trials are conducted on Caribbean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lans
- BCICS, University of Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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Li Y, Wen S, Kota BP, Peng G, Li GQ, Yamahara J, Roufogalis BD. Punica granatum flower extract, a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, improves postprandial hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 99:239-44. [PMID: 15894133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and has been proposed as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The flowering part of Punica granatum Linn. (Punicaceae) (PGF) has been recommended in Unani literature as a remedy for diabetes. We investigated the effect and action mechanism of a methanolic extract from PGF on hyperglycemia in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of PGF extract markedly lowered plasma glucose levels in non-fasted Zucker diabetic fatty rats (a genetic model of obesity and type 2 diabetes), whereas it had little effect in the fasted animals, suggesting it affected postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. In support of this conclusion the extract was found to markedly inhibit the increase of plasma glucose levels after sucrose loading, but not after glucose loading in mice, and it had no effect on glucose levels in normal mice. In vitro, PGF extract demonstrated a potent inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase activity (IC50: 1.8 microg/ml). The inhibition is dependent on the concentration of enzyme and substrate, as well as on the length of pretreatment with the enzyme. These findings strongly suggest that PGF extract improves postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes and obesity, at least in part, by inhibiting intestinal alpha-glucosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Herbal Medicines Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, A15, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Youn JY, Park HY, Cho KH. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Commelina communis L.: inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 66 Suppl 1:S149-55. [PMID: 15563967 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2003.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 08/05/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since ages, botanical substances are in use for the remedy of diabetes with considerable degree of success. One of the such; an extract of Commelina communis L. (CE-L) after decoction in water has been traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in Korea. However, its action mechanism has not yet been established. To explore the inside of its action-mechanism, in this study, the effect of the aqueous extract of C. communis L. (CE-L) on the activity of alpha-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Aqueous extract of CE-L showed inhibitory activity of the alpha-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner, in vitro. CE-L also seems to be by and large free from exerting any cytotoxic effect at least in CHO-K1 fibroblast and 3T3-L1 adipocyte. CE-L alleviated hyperglycemia caused by maltose or starch loading in normal and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with better efficacy than that of acarbose. In addition, prolonged administration of CE-L tends to normalize hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Such results suggest that inhibitory activity of CE-L on alpha-glucosidase may contribute to delay in carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption. Thus, CE-L has potential for use in the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Youn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, 126 GongReung-Dong, NoWon-Gu, Seoul 139-774, South Korea
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Shibano M, Fujimoto Y, Kushino K, Kusano G, Baba K. Biosynthesis of 1-deoxynojirimycin in Commelina communis: a difference between the microorganisms and plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2661-5. [PMID: 15464153 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin is a glycosidase-inhibitory alkaloid obtained from several plants and microorganisms. Administration experiments using [1-(13C)] glucose in the higher plant Commelina communis and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses of products suggested that 1-deoxynojirimycin was biosynthesized through a different route compared with that in Streptomyces and Bacilli microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Shibano
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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