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Cobb K, Kenyon J, Lu J, Krieger B, Perelas A, Nana-Sinkam P, Kim Y, Rodriguez-Miguelez P. COPD is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk independent of phenotype. Respirology 2024. [PMID: 39019777 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide that frequently presents with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Despite the pathological distinction between individual COPD phenotypes such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis, there is a lack of knowledge about the impact of COPD phenotype on cardiovascular disease risk. Thus, this study aimed to utilize a nationally representative sample to investigate cardiovascular disease prevalence in patients with COPD with emphysema and chronic bronchitis phenotypes. METHODS Data from 31,560 adults including 2504 individuals with COPD, collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018), were examined. RESULTS A significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke, was identified in patients with COPD among all disease phenotypes. Particularly, compared to those without COPD, individuals with chronic bronchitis presented with 1.76 (95% CI: 1.41-2.20) times greater odds, individuals with emphysema with 2.31 (95% CI: 1.80-2.96) times greater odds, while those with a concurrent phenotype (combined chronic bronchitis and emphysema) exhibited 2.98 (95% CI: 2.11-4.21) times greater odds of reporting cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION Our data confirms that patients with COPD present an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease among all phenotypes, with the most marked increase being in those with concurrent chronic bronchitis and emphysema phenotypes. These findings emphasize the need for awareness and appropriate cardiovascular screening in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolton Cobb
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Kenyon
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Juan Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Benjamin Krieger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Apostolos Perelas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Papaporfyriou A, Bartziokas K, Gompelmann D, Idzko M, Fouka E, Zaneli S, Bakakos P, Loukides S, Papaioannou AI. Cardiovascular Diseases in COPD: From Diagnosis and Prevalence to Therapy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1299. [PMID: 37374082 DOI: 10.3390/life13061299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered one of the leading causes of mortality. Cardiovascular comorbidities are diagnosed often in COPD patients, not only because of the common risk factors these two diseases share, but also because of the systemic inflammation which characterizes COPD and has deleterious effects in the cardiovascular system. The comorbid cardiovascular diseases in COPD result in several difficulties in the holistic treatment of these patients and affect outcomes such as morbidity and mortality. Several studies have reported that mortality from cardiovascular causes is common among COPD patients, while the risk for acute cardiovascular events increases during COPD exacerbations and remains high for a long time even after recovery. In this review, we focus on the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in COPD patients, presenting the evidence regarding the interaction of the pathophysiological pathways which characterize each disease. Furthermore, we summarize information regarding the effects of cardiovascular treatment on COPD outcomes and vice versa. Finally, we present the current evidence regarding the impact of cardiovascular comorbidities on exacerbations, quality of life and survival of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Papaporfyriou
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daniela Gompelmann
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Idzko
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evangelia Fouka
- General Hospital G. Papanikolaou, Pulmonary Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavrina Zaneli
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Andriana I Papaioannou
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, "Sotiria" Chest Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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3
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The Balance between the Left and Right Ventricular Deformation Evaluated by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Is a Great Predictor of the Major Adverse Cardiac Event in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092266. [PMID: 36140667 PMCID: PMC9497475 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular failure is one of the most relevant causes of death in pulmonary hypertension (PH). With progressive increases of right ventricular (RV) afterload in PH patients, both RV and left ventricular (LV) function impair and RV–LV dyssynchrony develop in parallel. We aimed to analyze the balance between the left and right ventricular deformation to assess the outcome of patients with pulmonary hypertension by means of speckle tracking echocardiography. In this prospective study, 54 patients with invasively diagnosed pulmonary hypertension, and 26 healthy volunteers were included and underwent a broad panel of noninvasive assessment including 2D-echocardiography, 2D speckle tracking, 6-minute walking test and BNP. Patients were followed up for 338.7 ± 131.1 (range 60 to 572) days. There were significant differences in |LVGLS/RVFLS-1| and |LASc/RASc-1| between PH patients and the control group. During the follow up, 13 patients experienced MACEs, which included 7 patients with cardiac death and 6 patients with re-admitted hospital due to right ventricular dysfunction. In the multivariate Cox model analysis, |LVGLS/RVFLS-1| remained independent prognosis of markers (HR = 4.03). Our study findings show that |LVGLS/RVFLS-1| is of high clinical and prognostic relevance in pulmonary hypertension patients and reveal the importance of the balance between the left and right ventricular deformation.
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4
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Solidoro P, Albera C, Ribolla F, Bellocchia M, Brussino L, Patrucco F. Triple Therapy in COPD: Can We Welcome the Reduction in Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:816843. [PMID: 35402466 PMCID: PMC8985817 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.816843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease which consists in the reduction of the airflow and leads to the disruption of the pulmonary tissue due to a chronic inflammation. The progression of the disease is characterized by an exacerbation of the symptoms and the presence of life-threatening systemic complications, such as stroke and ischemic heart disease, with a progressive decline in lung function which can deeply impact the quality of life. Mortality represents the most important COPD outcome, with an increased risk in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. The efficacy and safety of triple inhaled therapy were demonstrated by numerous controlled trials. Above all, many robust data are now available on the effectiveness of the triple therapy to reduce mortality in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Solidoro
- Division of University Respiratory Medicine, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Albera
- Division of University Respiratory Medicine, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ribolla
- Division of University Respiratory Medicine, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Bellocchia
- Division of University Respiratory Medicine, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Brussino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo Patrucco
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Medical and Specialistic Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- *Correspondence: Filippo Patrucco
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5
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Rogliani P, Ritondo BL, Laitano R, Chetta A, Calzetta L. Advances in understanding of mechanisms related to increased cardiovascular risk in COPD. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 15:59-70. [PMID: 33084434 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1840982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a serious global health issue that is commonly associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). The close relationship between COPD and CVD could be explained by different factors, first and foremost a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation implicated in the pathogenesis of both diseases and several stimuli enhancing the inflammatory processes and causing a mixed condition with worse outcomes than either disorder alone. AREAS COVERED The present narrative review considers the mechanisms underlying the increased CV risk in COPD, and it provides insights on biomarkers and predictive models to predict CVD in COPD patients. EXPERT OPINION COPD patients often remain asymptomatic of CVD, with respiratory symptoms generally attributed to the preexisting pulmonary disease. It is fundamental to understand the mechanistic pathways that underpin the intimate relationship between the two disorders. However, it is still not clear what is the origin of the common background of low-grade systemic inflammation, it could be a 'spillover' or a general inflammatory state. Primary prevention, cross-collaboration between specialists and early detection via predictive biomarkers and validated models are fundamental to stratify COPD patients according to CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ludovica Ritondo
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Laitano
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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6
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Left ventricular dysfunction in COPD without pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235075. [PMID: 32673327 PMCID: PMC7365599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to assess prevalence of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in stable cohort of COPD patients, where LV disease had been thoroughly excluded in advance. Methods 100 COPD outpatients in GOLD II-IV and 34 controls were included. Patients were divided by invasive mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in COPD-PH (≥25 mmHg) and COPD-non-PH (<25 mmHg), which was subdivided in mPAP ≤20 mmHg and 21–24 mmHg. LV myocardial performance index (LV MPI) and strain by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were used for evaluation of LV global and systolic function, respectively. LV MPI ≥0.51 and strain ≤-15.8% were considered abnormal. LV diastolic function was assessed by the ratio between peak early (E) and late (A) velocity, early TDI E´, E/E´, isovolumic relaxation time, and left atrium volume. Results LV MPI ≥0.51 was found in 64.9% and 88.5% and LV strain ≤-15.8% in 62.2.% and 76.9% in the COPD-non-PH and COPD-PH patients, respectively. Similarly, LV MPI and LV strain were impaired even in patients with mPAP <20 mmHg. In multiple regression analyses, residual volume and stroke volume were best associated to LV MPI and LV strain, respectively. Except for isovolumic relaxation time, standard diastolic echo indices as E/A, E´, E/E´ and left atrium volume did not change from normal individuals to COPD-non-PH. Conclusions Subclinical LV systolic dysfunction was a frequent finding in this cohort of COPD patients, even in those with normal pulmonary artery pressure. Evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction was hardly present as measured by conventional echo indices.
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7
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André S, Conde B, Fragoso E, Boléo-Tomé JP, Areias V, Cardoso J. COPD and Cardiovascular Disease. Pulmonology 2018; 25:168-176. [PMID: 30527374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is one of the major public health problems in people aged 40 years or above. It is currently the 4th leading cause of death in the world and projected to be the 3rd leading cause of death by 2020. COPD and cardiac comorbidities are frequently associated. They share common risk factors, pathophysiological processes, signs and symptoms, and act synergistically as negative prognostic factors. Cardiac disease includes a broad spectrum of entities with distinct pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis. From an epidemiological point of view, patients with COPD are particularly vulnerable to cardiac disease. Indeed, mortality due to cardiac disease in patients with moderate COPD is higher than mortality related to respiratory failure. Guidelines reinforce that the control of comorbidities in COPD has a clear benefit over the potential risk associated with the majority of the drugs utilized. On the other hand, the true survival benefits of aggressive treatment of cardiac disease and COPD in patients with both conditions have still not been clarified. Given their relevance in terms of prevalence and prognosis, we will focus in this paper on the management of COPD patients with ischemic coronary disease, heart failure and dysrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S André
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, EPE (CHLO), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B Conde
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - E Fragoso
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J P Boléo-Tomé
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - V Areias
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital de Faro, Centro Hospitalar do Algarve, EPE, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Algarve University, Portugal
| | - J Cardoso
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE (CHLC), Lisbon, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Nova University, Lisbon, Portugal.
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8
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Naeije R, Badagliacca R. The overloaded right heart and ventricular interdependence. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1474-1485. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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9
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Baum C, Ojeda FM, Wild PS, Rzayeva N, Zeller T, Sinning CR, Pfeiffer N, Beutel M, Blettner M, Lackner KJ, Blankenberg S, Münzel T, Rabe KF, Schnabel RB. Subclinical impairment of lung function is related to mild cardiac dysfunction and manifest heart failure in the general population. Int J Cardiol 2016; 218:298-304. [PMID: 27240155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung function impairment has previously been related to heart failure, although no overt cardiovascular or structural heart disease is present. The extent to which pulmonary function is related to subclinical left ventricular impairment in the general population remains to be investigated. METHODS 15010 individuals from the general population (mean age 55±11years, 50.5% men) in the Gutenberg Health Study underwent spirometry, transthoracic echocardiography and biomarker measurement. Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in percent of the predicted value and FEV1/FVC ratio were associated with echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure, systolic and diastolic function, biomarkers of cardiac necrosis (high-sensitive troponin I, hsTnI) and stress (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, Nt-proBNP) and heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). RESULTS Percent predicted FEV1 and FVC were significantly associated with hsTnI (P<0.001) and Nt-proBNP (P<0.001). Additionally, FEV1/FVC ratio was significantly related to hsTnI (P=0.0043) and Nt-proBNP (P<0.001). In the multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses strongest associations were observed for percent predicted FEV1 and FVC with LVESD, E/e', SV and EF. FEV1/FVC ratio was significantly related with SV and EF. The three lung function parameters were significantly (P<0.001) associated with HFpEF and HFrEF. Associations remained statistically significant after exclusion of individuals with COPD. CONCLUSIONS FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio were associated with systolic and diastolic function and manifest heart failure. Our observations could show, that subclinical lung function impairment is related to a measurable reduction of left ventricular filling and cardiac output in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Baum
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Francisco M Ojeda
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nargiz Rzayeva
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph R Sinning
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Center of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Hoffman EA, Lynch DA, Barr RG, van Beek EJR, Parraga G. Pulmonary CT and MRI phenotypes that help explain chronic pulmonary obstruction disease pathophysiology and outcomes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 43:544-57. [PMID: 26199216 PMCID: PMC5207206 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary x-ray computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research and development has been motivated, in part, by the quest to subphenotype common chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For thoracic CT and MRI, the main COPD research tools, disease biomarkers are being validated that go beyond anatomy and structure to include pulmonary functional measurements such as regional ventilation, perfusion, and inflammation. In addition, there has also been a drive to improve spatial and contrast resolution while at the same time reducing or eliminating radiation exposure. Therefore, this review focuses on our evolving understanding of patient-relevant and clinically important COPD endpoints and how current and emerging MRI and CT tools and measurements may be exploited for their identification, quantification, and utilization. Since reviews of the imaging physics of pulmonary CT and MRI and reviews of other COPD imaging methods were previously published and well-summarized, we focus on the current clinical challenges in COPD and the potential of newly emerging MR and CT imaging measurements to address them. Here we summarize MRI and CT imaging methods and their clinical translation for generating reproducible and sensitive measurements of COPD related to pulmonary ventilation and perfusion as well as parenchyma morphology. The key clinical problems in COPD provide an important framework in which pulmonary imaging needs to rapidly move in order to address the staggering burden, costs, as well as the mortality and morbidity associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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11
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Portillo K, Abad-Capa J, Ruiz-Manzano J. Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y ventrículo izquierdo. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 51:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Hu YX, Cui H, Fan L, Pan XJ, Wu JH, Shi SZ, Cui SY, Wei ZM, Liu L. Resveratrol attenuates left ventricular remodeling in old rats with COPD induced by cigarette smoke exposure and LPS instillation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:1044-54. [PMID: 24289075 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate left cardiac damage and the cardioprotective effects of resveratrol in old rats with COPD. Rats 22 months old were divided into three groups: control (CTL), smoking and lipopolysaccharides (SM/LPS), and SM/LPS plus resveratrol (SM/LPS-Res). Cardiac function, pathology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis index were measured. Expression of myocardial SIRT1 was studied by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot detection. The heart weight-body weight ratio (LVW/BW) increased in the SM/LPS group compared with the CTL group. Both the LVW/BW and the area of fibrosis in the SM/LPS-Res group decreased compared with those in the SM/LPS group. 8-OHdG expression increased in cardiac tissue of rats in the SM/LPS group, which could be inhibited by resveratrol. Resveratrol significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced the cardiac malonyldialdehyde (MDA) level in the SM/LPS-Res group. There was a significant decrease in the extent of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the SM/LPS-Res group compared with the SM/LPS group. SIRT1 mRNA increased in the SM/LPS-Res group compared with the SM/LPS group. In conclusion, resveratrol attenuated cardiac oxidative damage and left ventricular remodeling and enhanced the decreased expression of SIRT1 in hearts of old rats with emphysema and thus might be a therapeutic modality for cardiac injury complicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin Hu
- a Department of Health Care in Nanlou, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Bertog SC, Kolmer C, Kleschnew S, Franke J, Wunderlich N, Kardos P, Sievert H. Percutaneous Femoral Arteriovenous Shunt Creation for Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:118-26. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.111.964494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes a significant reduction in functional capacity because of dyspnea and fatigue, partially related to hypoxemia and compromised oxygen delivery. Percutaneous creation of an arteriovenous shunt may increase oxygen delivery and, hence, improve patients' functional capacity.
Methods and Results—
This is a prospective, single-center, proof-of-concept pilot study. Patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent percutaneous arteriovenous shunt creation. End points were the change in 6-minute walking distance; quality of life, measured by St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; and physiological parameters at 12-week follow-up. Fifteen patients underwent percutaneous arteriovenous shunt creation. Cardiac output and oxygen delivery increased significantly from 4.1 L/min at baseline to 5.9 L/min at 12 weeks (
P
<0.01) and from 751 mL/min at baseline to 972 mL/min at 12 weeks (
P
<0.01), respectively; however, there was a trend toward a significant decrease in the 6-minute walking distance between baseline (338 m) and 12-week follow-up (294 m) (
P
=0.07). There was no significant difference in the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score, oxygen saturation, or lung function tests. Lower extremity edema, venous stenosis, right heart failure, and deep venous thrombosis occurred in 10, 7, 4, and 4 patients, respectively.
Conclusions—
Though it causes a significant increase in cardiac output and oxygen delivery , the creation of an arteriovenous shunt in the setting of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease did not improve functional capacity or quality of life. A significant number of adverse events occurred. This concept cannot be recommended for routine clinical use in unselected patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan C. Bertog
- From the Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.B., C.K., S.K., J.F., N.W., H.S.); Klinik Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany (P.K.)
| | - Christina Kolmer
- From the Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.B., C.K., S.K., J.F., N.W., H.S.); Klinik Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany (P.K.)
| | - Swetlana Kleschnew
- From the Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.B., C.K., S.K., J.F., N.W., H.S.); Klinik Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany (P.K.)
| | - Jennifer Franke
- From the Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.B., C.K., S.K., J.F., N.W., H.S.); Klinik Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany (P.K.)
| | - Nina Wunderlich
- From the Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.B., C.K., S.K., J.F., N.W., H.S.); Klinik Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kardos
- From the Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.B., C.K., S.K., J.F., N.W., H.S.); Klinik Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany (P.K.)
| | - Horst Sievert
- From the Cardiovascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany (S.B., C.K., S.K., J.F., N.W., H.S.); Klinik Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany (P.K.)
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Raupach T, Lüthje L, Kögler H, Duve C, Schweda F, Hasenfuß G, Andreas S. Local and systemic effects of angiotensin receptor blockade in an emphysema mouse model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011; 24:215-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Watz H, Waschki B, Magnussen H. Emphysema, airflow obstruction, and left ventricular filling. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1638-9; author reply 1640-1. [PMID: 20427814 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Relationship of emphysema and airway disease assessed by CT to exercise capacity in COPD. Respir Med 2010; 104:1145-51. [PMID: 20385477 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of emphysema and airway disease assessed by volumetric computed tomography (CT) with exercise capacity in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS We studied 93 subjects with COPD (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s [FEV(1)] %predicted mean +/- SD 57.1 +/- 24.3%, female gender = 40) enrolled in the Lung Tissue Research Consortium. Emphysema was defined as percentage of low attenuation areas less than a threshold of -950 Hounsfield units (%LAA-950) on CT scan. The wall area percentage (WA%) of the 3rd to 6th generations of the apical bronchus of right upper lobe (RB1) were analyzed. The 6-min walk distance (6MWD) test was used as a measure of exercise capacity. RESULTS The 6MWD was inversely associated with %LAA-950 (r = -0.53, p < 0.0001) and with the WA% of 6th generation of RB1 only (r = -0.28, p = 0.009). In a multivariate regression model including CT indices of emphysema and airway disease that were adjusted for demographic and physiologic variables as well as brand of CT scanner, only the %LAA-950 remained significantly associated with exercise performance. Holding other covariates fixed, this model showed that a 10% increase of CT emphysema reduced the distance walked in 6 min 28.6 m (95% Confidence Interval = -51.2, -6.0, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the extent of emphysema but not airway disease measured by volumetric CT contributes independently to exercise limitation in subjects with COPD.
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Heterogeneity of pulmonary perfusion as a mechanistic image-based phenotype in emphysema susceptible smokers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7485-90. [PMID: 20368443 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913880107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction and pathology of pulmonary vascular responses may serve as a precursor to smoking-associated emphysema. Although it is known that emphysematous destruction leads to vasculature changes, less is known about early regional vascular dysfunction which may contribute to and precede emphysematous changes. We sought to test the hypothesis, via multidetector row CT (MDCT) perfusion imaging, that smokers showing early signs of emphysema susceptibility have a greater heterogeneity in regional perfusion parameters than emphysema-free smokers and persons who had never smoked (NS). Assuming that all smokers have a consistent inflammatory response, increased perfusion heterogeneity in emphysema-susceptible smokers would be consistent with the notion that these subjects may have the inability to block hypoxic vasoconstriction in patchy, small regions of inflammation. Dynamic ECG-gated MDCT perfusion scans with a central bolus injection of contrast were acquired in 17 NS, 12 smokers with normal CT imaging studies (SNI), and 12 smokers with subtle CT findings of centrilobular emphysema (SCE). All subjects had normal spirometry. Quantitative image analysis determined regional perfusion parameters, pulmonary blood flow (PBF), and mean transit time (MTT). Mean and coefficient of variation were calculated, and statistical differences were assessed with one-way ANOVA. MDCT-based MTT and PBF measurements demonstrate globally increased heterogeneity in SCE subjects compared with NS and SNI subjects but demonstrate similarity between NS and SNI subjects. These findings demonstrate a functional lung-imaging measure that provides a more mechanistically oriented phenotype that differentiates smokers with and without evidence of emphysema susceptibility.
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