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Gupta N, Paryani M, Patel S, Bariya A, Srivastava A, Pathak Y, Butani S. Therapeutic Strategies for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Thriving Present and Promising Tomorrow. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:779-798. [PMID: 38346921 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a continuous, progressive, and lethal age-related respiratory disease. It is characterized by condensed and rigid lung tissue, which leads to a decline in the normal functioning of the lungs. The pathophysiology of IPF has still not been completely elucidated, so current strategies are lagging behind with respect to improving the condition of patients with IPF and increasing their survival rate. The desire for a better understanding of the pathobiology of IPF and its early detection has led to the identification of various biomarkers associated with IPF. The use of drugs such as pirfenidone and nintedanib as a safe and effective treatment alternative have marked a new chapter in the treatment of IPF. However, nonpharmacological therapies, involving long-term oxygen therapy, transplantation of the lungs, pulmonary rehabilitation, ventilation, and palliative care for cough and dyspnea, are still considered to be beneficial as supplementary methods for IPF therapy. A major risk factor for IPF is aging, with associated hallmarks such as telomere attrition, senescence, epigenetic drift, stem cell exhaustion, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These are promising earmarks for the development of potential therapy for the disease. In this review, we have discussed current and emerging novel therapeutic strategies for IPF, especially for targets associated with age-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gupta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitali Paryani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Snehal Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Aditi Bariya
- Arihant School of Pharmacy Education and Research, Adalaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashwant Pathak
- USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Shital Butani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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2
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Saifi O, Hoppe BS. Contemporary radiation therapy use in Hodgkin lymphoma. Semin Hematol 2024:S0037-1963(24)00070-2. [PMID: 38897840 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Radiation therapy assumes a pivotal role in Hodgkin lymphoma management, especially within combined modality therapy. It serves as a cornerstone in early-stage disease and in mitigating high-risk instances of local relapse in advanced stages. Over recent decades, radiation therapy has undergone significant advancements, notably alongside diagnostic imaging improvements, facilitating the reduction of radiation field size and dosage. This progress has notably led to minimized toxicity while upholding treatment efficacy. This comprehensive review extensively evaluates the indications and advancements in radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma, with a primary focus on enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing radiation-related toxicities. The exploration encompasses a detailed examination of various radiation fields, techniques and delivery modalities employed in Hodgkin lymphoma treatment, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and proton therapy. It delves into the intricacies of optimal dose selection and treatment planning strategies aimed at achieving maximal disease control while concurrently minimizing the risk of long-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omran Saifi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Bradford S Hoppe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
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Dann EJ, Casasnovas RO. Treatment Strategies in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2059. [PMID: 38893177 PMCID: PMC11171059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The last 3 decades have witnessed a major evolution in the treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The most prominent of these developments include the introduction of the international prognostic scoring (IPS) system; therapeutic decision-making based on both IPS and interim PET/CT data; the finding that a negative interim PET/CT result could be safely used for treatment de-escalation; the introduction of intensive combination chemotherapy like escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone); and further modification of this protocol with the incorporation of a conjugated anti-CD30 antibody brentuximab vedotin (BV) into first-line regimens, like BV-AVD (BV+ adriamycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) and BrECADD (brentuximab vedotin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, dacarbazine, and dexamethasone). The accruing data about the toxicity of the escalated BEACOPP protocol have led to decreasing the number of therapeutic cycles, substitution of toxic agents like procarbazine with dacarbazine (e.g., BEACOPDac), and reduction/omission of radiation therapy. Lately, a significant advancement has been made by the integration of checkpoint inhibitors in the first-line treatment, with preliminary results demonstrating the superiority of anti-PD1 combined with chemotherapy (nivolumab-AVD) compared to the BV-AVD regimen. This review aims to analyze recently published studies whose findings could change the treatment practice in advanced-stage HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldad J. Dann
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Blood Bank and Apheresis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - René-Olivier Casasnovas
- Department of Hematology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France;
- INSERM 1231 Team Epi2THM ((Epi)genetics, Epidemiology and Targeted Therapy in Hematological Malignancies), 21000 Dijon, France
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Milrod CJ, Pelcovits A, Ollila TA. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced and relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: current applications and future prospects. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1397053. [PMID: 38699638 PMCID: PMC11063339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1397053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) treatment paradigms are undergoing a shift with the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into both first-line and relapsed/refractory (R/R) regimens. In first-line therapy, the synergy between ICIs and chemotherapy may surpass the previous standards of ABVD and BV-AVD established by landmark trials including RATHL and ECHELON-1. In R/R disease, the combination of ICIs with chemotherapy has begun to challenge the paradigm of chemotherapy as a bridge to consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation. The clinical advances heralded by ICI offer unique challenges to management. ICI treatment and the associated inflammatory response can make the traditional timing and modalities of treatment response assessment difficult to interpret. In contrast to ABVD and BV-AVD, pembrolizumab-AVD results in PET2 positivity rates that are higher and less predictive of treatment response even when ultimate outcomes may be superior. This suggests that the predictive value of PET2 may be less reliable in the ICI era, prompting a reevaluation of response assessment strategies. Looking forward, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may be a promising tool in response-adapted therapy. Its potential to complement or even supersede PET scans in predicting response to ICIs represents a critical advancement. The integration of ctDNA analysis holds the promise of refining response-adapted approaches and enhancing precision in therapeutic decision-making for patients with cHL. This review navigates the evolving landscape of cHL therapy, emphasizing the paradigmatic shift brought about by ICIs. This article explores the impact of combining ICIs with chemotherapy in both relapsed/refractory and first-line settings, scrutinizes the challenges posed to response-adapted therapy by ICIs, and highlights the potential role of ctDNA as an adjunct in refining response-adapted strategies for cHL.
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Viviani S, Vanazzi A, Frassoni S, Rusconi C, Rossi A, Romano A, Patti C, Schiavotto C, Sorasio R, Marasco V, Lissandrini L, Rapezzi D, Gottardi D, Cocito F, Mulè A, Leotta S, Gini G, Sorio M, Derenzini E, Rambaldi A, Bagnardi V, Tarella C. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant as first salvage treatment for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma in the era of PET-adapted strategies. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:460-471. [PMID: 38164812 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2298273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Data on the efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients who failed a PET-driven first-line therapy are limited.We retrospectively evaluated 220 adult cHL patients who underwent ASCT from 2009 to 2021 at 11 centers in Italy. Overall, 49.5% had refractory disease, 23.2% relapsed < 12 and 27.3% ≥12 months from the end of first-line chemotherapy. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 73.8% and 89.4%. In univariable analysis for PFS events PET-2+ (HR 2.69, p = .001), anemia (HR 2.22, p = .019), refractory disease (HR 1.76, p = .045), less than CR before ASCT (HR 3.24, p < .001) and >2 lines of salvage therapy (HR 2.52; p = .004) were associated with a higher risk of failure after ASCT. In multivariable analysis, >2 lines of salvage therapy (HR 3.28, p = .004) and RT before ASCT (HR 3.00, p = 0.041) retained significance.ASCT is an effective salvage approach for cHL patients treated in the era of PET-adapted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Viviani
- Division of Onco-Hematology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Vanazzi
- Division of Onco-Hematology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Samuele Frassoni
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Rusconi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Department of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Haematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Patti
- Division of Hematology 1, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Sorasio
- Department of Hematology, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Marasco
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Lissandrini
- Division of Hematology, Presidio Ospedaliero S. Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Davide Rapezzi
- Department of Hematology, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Daniela Gottardi
- University Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Cocito
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonio Mulè
- Division of Hematology 1, Azienda Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leotta
- Division of Haematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Guido Gini
- Hematology Unit, AUO Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Sorio
- Division of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Derenzini
- Division of Onco-Hematology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Department of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bagnardi
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Corrado Tarella
- Division of Onco-Hematology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
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Liu Y, Ping L, Song Y, Tang Y, Zheng W, Liu W, Ying Z, Zhang C, Wu M, Feng F, Lin N, Tu M, Zhu J, Xie Y. Camrelizumab plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin for relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase II trial. BMC Med 2024; 22:107. [PMID: 38454451 PMCID: PMC10921783 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a highly curable disease, while novel therapy is needed for refractory or relapsed (R/R) patients. This phase II trial aimed to evaluate the role of camrelizumab plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in R/R cHL patients. METHODS Transplant-eligible patients with R/R cHL were enrolled and received two 14-day cycles of camrelizumab 200 mg intravenously (IV) and two 28-day cycles of camrelizumab 200 mg IV, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV, and oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 15. Patients with partial response (PR) or stable disease received an additional cycle of combination therapy. Those who achieved complete response (CR) or PR proceeded to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The primary endpoint was the CR rate at the end of protocol therapy before ASCT. RESULTS Forty-two patients were enrolled. At the end of protocol therapy, the objective response rate and CR rate were 94.9% (37/39) and 69.2% (27/39) in the evaluable set, and 88.1% (37/42) and 64.3% (27/42) in the full analysis set, respectively. Twenty-nine patients (69.0%) proceeded to ASCT, and 4 of 5 patients with PR achieved CR after ASCT. After a median follow-up of 20.7 months, the 12-month progression-free survival rate was 96.6% and the 12-month overall survival rate was 100%. Grade 3 or higher treatment emergent adverse events occurred in 28.6% of patients (12/42), mainly hematological toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Camrelizumab combined with GEMOX constitutes an effective salvage therapy for R/R cHL, proving to be relatively well-tolerated and facilitating ASCT in most patients, thus promoting sustained remission. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04239170. Registered on January 1, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yongjing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhitao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Feier Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ningjing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Meifeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian Region, Beijing, 100142, China.
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7
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Kelly KM, Friedberg JW. Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in Adolescents and Young Adults. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:653-664. [PMID: 37983570 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) represents one of the more common cancers occurring in adolescent and young adults (AYAs) age 15-39 years. Despite a generally high cure rate, age-related differences in HL biology and the optimal therapeutic approaches including supportive care and risks for long-term adverse effects in the AYA population remain understudied. After an overview of HL epidemiology and biology in the AYA population, this review will cover frontline pediatric and adult treatment approaches. Recently completed and ongoing studies will foster harmonization of risk group definition and trial eligibility criteria across the AYA spectrum, enabling more rapid progress. In addition to treatment approaches, an evolving holistic care approach to AYA HL will result in enhanced understanding of unique challenges, and continued improved short- and long-term outcome for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center., Buffalo, NY
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY
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8
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Milunović V. How I Follow Hodgkin Lymphoma in First Complete (Metabolic) Remission? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:344. [PMID: 38399631 PMCID: PMC10890383 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by a high cure rate in the modern era of medicine regardless of stage, but patients suffer from a high risk of comorbidity associated with the administered therapy. The main aim of this review article is to assess and analyze the various comorbidities associated with Hodgkin lymphoma and address the survivorship of patients, including fertility, secondary cancers due to cardiovascular toxicity, and quality of life. Furthermore, this review explores the optimal strategy for detecting relapse. The treatment paradigm of Hodgkin lymphoma has shifted, with a paradigm shift toward achieving a high cure rate and low toxicity as a standard of care in this patient population. Checkpoint inhibitors, especially nivolumab, in combination with chemotherapy are increasingly being studied in the first line of therapy. However, their long-term toxicity remains to be assessed in longer follow-up. In conclusion, Hodgkin lymphoma survivors, regardless of their treatment, should be followed up individually by a multidisciplinary survivorship team in order to detect and properly treat the long-term side effects of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibor Milunović
- Division of Hematology, Clinical Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Brudno JN, Natrakul DA, Karrs J, Patel N, Maass-Moreno R, Ahlman MA, Mikkilineni L, Mann J, Stroncek DF, Highfill SL, Fromm GC, Patel R, Pittaluga S, Kochenderfer JN. Transient responses and significant toxicities of anti-CD30 CAR T cells for CD30+ lymphomas: results of a phase 1 trial. Blood Adv 2024; 8:802-814. [PMID: 37939262 PMCID: PMC10874855 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT New treatments are needed for relapsed and refractory CD30-expressing lymphomas. We developed a novel anti-CD30 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), designated 5F11-28Z. Safety and feasibility of 5F11-28Z-transduced T cells (5F11-Ts) were evaluated in a phase 1 dose escalation clinical trial. Patients with CD30-expressing lymphomas received 300 mg/m2 or 500 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide and 30 mg/m2 of fludarabine on days -5 to -3, followed by infusion of 5F11-Ts on day 0. Twenty-one patients received 5F11-T infusions. Twenty patients had classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and 1 had anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Patients were heavily pretreated, with a median of 7 prior lines of therapy and substantial tumor burden, with a median metabolic tumor volume of 66.1 mL (range, 6.4-486.7 mL). The overall response rate was 43%; 1 patient achieved a complete remission. Median event-free survival was 13 weeks. Eleven patients had cytokine release syndrome (CRS; 52%). One patient had grade 3 CRS, and there was no grade 4/5 CRS. Neurologic toxicity was minimal. Nine patients (43%) had new-onset rashes. Two patients (9.5%) received extended courses of corticosteroids for prolonged severe rashes. Five patients (24%) had grade 3/4 cytopenias, with recovery time of ≥30 days, and 2 of these patients (9.5%) had prolonged cytopenias with courses complicated by life-threatening sepsis. The trial was halted early because of toxicity. Median peak blood CAR+ cells per μL was 26 (range, 1-513 cells per μL), but no infiltration of CAR+ cells was detected in lymph node biopsies. 5F11-Ts had low efficacy and substantial toxicities, which limit further development of 5F11-Ts. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03049449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Brudno
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Danielle A. Natrakul
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeremiah Karrs
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nisha Patel
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roberto Maass-Moreno
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mark A. Ahlman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Lekha Mikkilineni
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer Mann
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David F. Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven L. Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Genevieve C. Fromm
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rashmika Patel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - James N. Kochenderfer
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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10
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Ollivier L, Debbi K, To NH, Cailleteau A, Supiot S, Mervoyer A, Guimas V, Belkacémi Y. Is oligometastatic disease an applicable and useful concept in haematologic malignancies? A narrative review of radiation therapy standards, modern techniques, and innovations. Cancer Radiother 2024; 28:119-130. [PMID: 38143233 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Haematologic malignancies are particular in that they can generally be cured, even when distant metastases are present at diagnosis, unlike solid malignancies. Systemic treatments, including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, are the standard of care with excellent results. The considerable progress made in the management of these diseases in the last 20years has redefined the role of radiation therapy as minor in many clinical situations. We propose a literature review of data, showing that radiation therapy still has a role in curative, salvage, and palliative therapy situations. MATERIAL AND METHODS A document and literature search was carried out in the following databases: Medline and ClinicalTrial.gov, for the terms "radiotherapy", "haematologic malignancies", "Hodgkin lymphoma", "non-Hodgkin lymphoma", "CAR T cells", "multiple myeloma", "solitary plasmocytoma", "intensity-modulated radiotherapy", "extracranial stereotactic body radiation therapy" and "proton therapy references". RESULTS Haemopathological malignancies include a wide range of diseases and radiation therapy indications have been assessed over the past 20years. Currently, radiation therapy is indicated for localized disease (solitary plasmocytoma), as an adjuvant (Hodgkin lymphoma), in palliative settings, or after systemic treatment in relapsed patients (chimeric antigen receptor [CAR] T-cells) with a low recurrence burden, which can therefore be considered "oligorecurrence". Radiation therapy, through total body irradiation, has important indications, thanks to its immunomodulatory and/or myeloablative effects. Moreover, recent technological developments have made possible significant improvement in safety, contributing to radiation therapy being positioned in the treatment strategy of several indications. CONCLUSIONS Given the effectiveness of systemic treatments in hematologic malignancies, the oligometastasis stage is of little importance. A curative intent after local radiation therapy, even advanced stage, is possible, both with residual disease for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or solitary plasmocytoma, and even without evidence of disease after chemotherapy for Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The role of new treatments, such as CAR T cells, allows us to consider radiation therapy after systemic treatment of relapsed diseases with low volume recurrence, which can be considered oligorecurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ollivier
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - K Debbi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Sein Henri-Mondor, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, university Paris Est Créteil (Upec), Créteil, France
| | - N-H To
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Sein Henri-Mondor, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, university Paris Est Créteil (Upec), Créteil, France; Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale (IMRB), Inserm U955, i-Biot, Créteil, France
| | - A Cailleteau
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - S Supiot
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - A Mervoyer
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - V Guimas
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, centre René-Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Y Belkacémi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Sein Henri-Mondor, CHU Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, university Paris Est Créteil (Upec), Créteil, France; Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale (IMRB), Inserm U955, i-Biot, Créteil, France
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11
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Mouheb M, Pierre-Jean M, Devillers A, Fermé C, Benchalal M, Manson G, Le Jeune F, Houot R, Palard-Novello X. Prognostic Value of Baseline Tumor Burden and Tumor Dissemination Extracted From 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a Cohort of Adult Patients With Early or Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e1-e5. [PMID: 38015041 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the prognostic value of baseline tumor burden and dissemination parameters extracted from 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with early or advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or escalated BEACOPP (increased bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years with classical Hodgkin lymphoma were retrospectively included. Progression-free survival (PFS) analysis of dichotomized clinicobiological and PET/CT parameters (SUV max , TMTV, TLG, D max , and D bulk ) was performed. Optimal cutoff values for quantitative metrics were defined as the values maximizing the Youden index from receiver operating characteristic analysis. PFS rates were estimated with Kaplan-Meier curves, and the log-rank test was used to assess statistical significance. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS With a median age of 32 years, 166 patients were enrolled. A total of 111 patients had ABVD or ABVD-like treatment with or without radiotherapy and 55 patients with escalated BEACOPP treatment. The median follow-up was 55 months. Only International Prognostic Score (IPS >1), TMTV >107 cm 3 , and TLG >1628 were found to be significant prognostic factors for PFS on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that IPS and TLG were independently prognostic and, combined, identified 4 risk groups ( P < 0.001): low (low TLG and low IPS; 4-year PFS, 95%), intermediate-low (high IPS and low TLG; 4-year PFS, 79%), intermediate-high (low IPS and high TLG; 4-year PFS, 78%), and high (high TLG and high IPS; 4-year PFS, 71%). CONCLUSIONS Combining baseline TLG with IPS could improve PFS prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillaume Manson
- Univ Rennes, CHU de Rennes, INSERM, MOBIDIC-UMR 1236, Rennes, France
| | | | - Roch Houot
- Univ Rennes, CHU de Rennes, INSERM, MOBIDIC-UMR 1236, Rennes, France
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12
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Xavier FD, de Farias DLC, Neto AEH, Ribeiro GN, de Araujo MAS, Carneiro TX, Baiocchi OCCG. Current perspectives on the management of refractory or relapsed classic hodgkin lymphoma in brazil: Balancing efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Oncotarget 2023; 14:977-994. [PMID: 38085126 PMCID: PMC10715043 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), which accounts for 90-95% of all cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, is the most frequent cancer in adolescents and the most frequent lymphoma in adolescents and young adults. Despite progressive improvements over past decades and the general sensitivity of CHL to frontline chemotherapy, approximately 10-15% of patients have refractory disease that either does not respond to such therapy or progresses after an initial partial response. In patients with refractory or relapsed disease, standard treatment until recently consisted mainly of salvage chemotherapy, in many cases followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation. However, improved understanding of the pathobiology of CHL, coupled with the introduction of novel agents, has markedly changed the treatment landscape in the past decade. Although refractory or relapsed CHL continues to be challenging, the therapeutic landscape is undergoing profound changes brought about by novel agents, particularly brentuximab vedotin and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the most salient treatment options for adult patients with refractory or relapsed CHL, with a special focus on the Brazilian healthcare setting, which is constrained by inherent characteristics of this system. In the attempt to balance efficacy, safety and tolerability, practicing physicians must rely on clinical trials and on results from real-world studies, and use their own point of view and experience, as well as patient characteristics and previous therapy, to make treatment decisions for refractory or relapsed CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Dias Xavier
- Hospital Universitário de Brasília-Universidade de Brasília/Ebserh, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Hospital DF Star, Oncologia D’Or, Rede D’Or, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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13
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Goenka L, Kumar SM, Essakky S, Rajasulochana SR, Sivanantham P, Ayiraveetil R, Kar SS, Ganesan P. Cost-effectiveness of response-adapted therapy (RAT) for advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma compared with conventional treatment in India: a Markov-model based analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:2188-2194. [PMID: 37667967 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2249154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cost effectiveness analysis of interim positron emission tomography (PET-2, done after 2 cycles of chemotherapy) based response adaptive therapy (RAT) approaches in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (aHL) are not available from an Indian perspective. We used a five-year decision analytics model to assess the cost-effectiveness of the two RAT approaches [(escalation (RAT-1) or de-escalation (RAT-2)] compared with standard care (SOC) in aHL (mean age:35 years). Modelling data was derived from secondary sources and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the model. Net monetary benefit (NMB) gained from RAT2 in Indian rupees (INR) (INR 2,26,896) was higher than the RAT1 (INR 1,83,138) when compared with SOC. Proportion achieving the complete response after initial treatment (CR1) was the key determining factor for the RAT1/2 dominance over SOC. Despite higher initial input costs, response-adapted therapy of aHL was cost-effective by minimizing the cost incurred and disutility experienced during relapse and salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxitaa Goenka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - S Mathan Kumar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Saravanan Essakky
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Subramania Raju Rajasulochana
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Parthibane Sivanantham
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Reshma Ayiraveetil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Prasanth Ganesan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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14
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Cherniawsky H, Ting E, Zhang JZ, Xu W, Prica A, Bhella S, Yang C, Kridel R, Vijenthira A, Kukreti V, Crump M, Kuruvilla J. Very late relapse in Hodgkin lymphoma: Characterizing an understudied population. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:838-843. [PMID: 37562990 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very late relapse (VLR) occurring >5 years after initial diagnosis is an uncommon event in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Limited information regarding risk factors and optimal therapy is available. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed patients treated for HL at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario Canada between January 01, 1999 and 31 December 31, 2018. RESULTS Thirty-two patients experienced VLR. Median time to first relapse was 7.2 years. Most patients were treated with CMT both at initial diagnosis and relapse. Male gender (P = .04) and increased age at initial diagnosis (P = .008; HR 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02-1.15)) were identified as risk factors for inferior survival on univariate analysis. Stage, histology, treatment modality and risk assessment at diagnosis or relapse did not have a significant impact on survival outcomes. ASCT at first relapse had no impact on time to second progression (HR 1.72; 95% CI, 0.35-8.53; P = .51) or overall survival from first relapse (HR 1.55; 95% CI, 0.3-8.03; P = .6). CONCLUSION Our data aligns with the limited information available in VLR HL suggesting the negative impact of age and male gender on this rare event. Additionally, our data did not show benefit of ASCT at first relapse in terms of survival outcomes in this population, though this analysis is limited by small sample size. Further study of optimal therapy to prevent and treat VL in the era of novel agents is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cherniawsky
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Ting
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasper Zhongyuan Zhang
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Biostatistics Department, University Health Networks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anca Prica
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sita Bhella
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chloe Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Kridel
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abirami Vijenthira
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vishal Kukreti
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Crump
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Kuruvilla
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Che Y, Sun X. Recent advances in CAR T-cell therapy for lymphoma in China. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2793-2800. [PMID: 37062016 PMCID: PMC10462491 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a hematologic malignancy which mainly consists of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Although systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other advanced therapeutics, including rituximab or immune checkpoint inhibitors, have improved the prognosis in recent decades, there are still a number of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has provided a curative option for patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted worldwide and presented inspiring results that give insight into this breakthrough therapy. The development of cancer cell therapy in China has been rapid in the past years and dominates the field with the USA. This review aims to summarize the published results of CAR T-cell therapy alone or in combination with other therapies in mainland China, both in R/R NHL and R/R HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116021, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu W, Lin N, Feng X, Xie Y, You C, Zhou X, Song Y, Zhu J. Long-term survival benefit of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:356. [PMID: 37726266 PMCID: PMC10509238 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapies have shown a favorable efficacy and good tolerance for relapsed or refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). However, there are limited data on long-term outcomes among patients with r/r cHL who achieve an objective response to anti-PD-1 therapies. A total of 260 responders from four, phase 2 clinical trials were included in this study. The median age was 32 years with a male/female ratio of 1.3:1. After a median follow-up period of 31.1 months, 116 (44.6%) responders experienced disease progression and 18 (6.9%) died. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 55.1% and 89.7% overall. Patients with partial remission (PR) had inferior outcomes compared with those who achieved complete remission (3-year PFS, 29.5% vs. 72.3%, P < 0.001; 3-year OS, 81.5% vs. 94.4%, P = 0.017). Moreover, the survival outcome was inferior for patients with refractory disease compared with those with relapsed disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed PR and refractory disease were independent risk factors for PFS. In conclusion, PR and refractory disease have a negative impact on the survival benefit of anti-PD-1 therapeutics in patients with r/r cHL, which highlights the need for multimodal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ningjing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xinqin Feng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Chong You
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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17
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Hossain MF, Kharel M, Akter M, Parajuli B, Yadav I, Mandal N, Mandal A, Aziz SN. Effectiveness and Safety of Pembrolizumab in Recurrent and Relapsed Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46032. [PMID: 37900494 PMCID: PMC10602819 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has achieved high cure rates as a result of recent advancements in treatment. However, recurring or relapsed illness still poses a therapeutic challenge. Immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab, which targets PD-1, is now being commonly used as part of immunotherapy for recurrent and relapsed cHL. We found eight appropriate articles through systematic search and conducted in-depth analysis to find insights into the effectiveness and safety profiles of pembrolizumab by analyzing clinical trial data in patients with recurrent and relapsed cHL. Analysis of the studies shows that response rates, progression-free survival, and patient-reported quality of life have all significantly improved. However, immune-related consequences are among the adverse outcomes. The necessity for continued study is highlighted by the variation in reported adverse events and follow-up times. Clinicians, researchers, and other healthcare professionals can use this study as a resource to provide knowledgeable and individualized patient care in cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fahad Hossain
- Ministry of Health, Kishoreganj Upazila Health Complex, Kishoreganj, BGD
| | - Manish Kharel
- Medicine and Surgery, Jahurul Islam Medical College Hospital, Bhagalpur, BGD
| | - Mahfuza Akter
- Medicine, Sylhet MAG (Muhammad Ataul Goni) Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, BGD
| | - Bibek Parajuli
- Internal Medicine, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, NPL
| | - Indresh Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Samar Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd., Janakpur, NPL
- Internal Medicine, Community Based Medical College, Mymensingh, BGD
| | - Nitesh Mandal
- Internal Medicine, Jahurul Islam Medical College, Bhagalpur, BGD
| | - Anjali Mandal
- Medicine and Surgery, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, NPL
| | - Syed Nurul Aziz
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
- Internal Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
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18
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Suwanban T, Chamnanchanunt S, Thungthong P, Nakhahes C, Iam‐arunthai K, Akrawikrai T, Bunworasate U. Survival rates of adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who underwent ABVD versus escalated BEACOPP in a resource-limited country: An observational study. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1839. [PMID: 37254799 PMCID: PMC10432437 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival rate of adult patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) depends on the responses to standard chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combined therapy. Resource-limited countries face numerous obstacles in supporting patients with HL who undergo chemotherapy, especially in advanced stages. AIM To analyze the survival outcomes of adult patients with HL after combined-modality treatment (CMT) with involved-field or non-involved-field radiotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 90 adult patients with HL who received CMT at Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok between 2007 and 2021. Patients with stage I-IV disease received different therapies depending on their risk group. The risk groups were evaluated according to initial response, bulky disease, and B symptoms. Patients (n = 90) who underwent CMT were followed up for 34.7 months (range, 1-141 months). The median follow-up periods of early and advanced-stage patients were 53.1 months and 23.5 months, respectively. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of patients with advanced-stage diseases were 85% and 62%, respectively. There was a difference in the 3-year overall survival among advance-stage patients who underwent ABVD (94%) compared to those administered BEACOPPesc (50%), and the 3-year PFS (84%) among patients who underwent ABVD was higher than that among those administered BEACOPPesc (66%). Radiotherapy increased toxicity but did not improve the survival rate. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy administered to patients with advanced-stage adult HL was more effective than BEACOPPesc when ABVD was administered. Our findings are relevant for hospitals with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawatchai Suwanban
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi HospitalCollege of Medicine, Rangsit UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Supat Chamnanchanunt
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi HospitalCollege of Medicine, Rangsit UniversityBangkokThailand
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Pravinwan Thungthong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi HospitalCollege of Medicine, Rangsit UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Chajchawan Nakhahes
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi HospitalCollege of Medicine, Rangsit UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Kunapa Iam‐arunthai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi HospitalCollege of Medicine, Rangsit UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Tananchai Akrawikrai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi HospitalCollege of Medicine, Rangsit UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Udomsak Bunworasate
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Research Unit in Translational Hematology, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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19
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Schimmoeller CJ, Bastian C, Fleming J, Morales J. A Review of Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors. Cureus 2023; 15:e41660. [PMID: 37565112 PMCID: PMC10411984 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a hematopoietic malignancy of B-cells that has a bimodal distribution with respect to age and incidence. With the introduction of doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and radiation combined, the prognosis of HL has significantly improved, with five-year survival rates approaching 95%. While HL has become highly curable, the side effect profiles of ABVD are dire and warrant continuous review. Because HL is often diagnosed in populations in their 20s-30s, patients are forced to undergo fertility preservation procedures as well as deal with other long-term side effects of chemotherapy (including doxorubicin dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and bleomycin-induced lung toxicity). The opportunity cost of the treatment in the short term and vulnerability to treatment-induced malignancies decades later dramatically affect the quality of life of HL patients. New therapies have developed over the past several decades with respect to immunotherapies, particularly programmed death protein 1 inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab and pembrolizumab). Studies have shown checkpoint inhibitors to be effective in treating HL with an objective response rate of 69% for relapsed/refractory classical HL for nivolumab use. Checkpoint inhibitors will continue to help maintain the high five-year survival rate for HL and hopefully have a more favorable side effect profile in the short term, as well as later in the patient's life. This article seeks to summarize treatment options for HL while comparing outcomes and side effect profiles with the addition of checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Bastian
- Internal Medicine, Carilion Clinic - Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, USA
| | - Jessica Fleming
- Internal Medicine, Carilion Clinic - Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, USA
| | - Joshua Morales
- Hematology and Oncology, Blue Ridge Cancer Care, Roanoke, USA
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20
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Heger JM, Ferdinandus J, Mattlener J, Borchmann S. Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in Hodgkin lymphoma. Semin Hematol 2023; 60:157-163. [PMID: 37422345 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is a B-cell lymphoma often affecting young adults. Outcomes following intensive chemo- and radiotherapy are generally favourable but leave patients at high risk for early and late toxicities frequently reducing quality of life. Relapsed/refractory disease is regularly difficult to treat and ultimately results in death in a relevant subset of patients. Current strategies for risk stratification and response evaluation rely on clinical features and imaging only, and lack discriminatory power to detect patients at risk for disease progression. Here, we explore how circulating tumor DNA sequencing might help to overcome these shortcomings. We provide an overview over recent technical and methodological developments and suggest potential use cases for different clinical situations. Circulating tumor DNA sequencing offers the potential to significantly augment current risk stratification strategies with the ultimate goal of further individualizing treatment strategies for patients with HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Michel Heger
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Lymphoma Working Group (CLWG), Cologne, Germany.
| | - Justin Ferdinandus
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Mattlener
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Borchmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cancer Center Cologne Essen - Partner Site Cologne, CIO Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Lymphoma Working Group (CLWG), Cologne, Germany; German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG), Cologne, Germany.
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Munir F, Hardit V, Sheikh IN, AlQahtani S, He J, Cuglievan B, Hosing C, Tewari P, Khazal S. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: From Past to Future-A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10095. [PMID: 37373245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma, a hematological malignancy of lymphoid origin that typically arises from germinal-center B cells, has an excellent overall prognosis. However, the treatment of patients who relapse or develop resistant disease still poses a substantial clinical and research challenge, even though current risk-adapted and response-based treatment techniques produce overall survival rates of over 95%. The appearance of late malignancies after the successful cure of primary or relapsed disease continues to be a major concern, mostly because of high survival rates. Particularly in pediatric HL patients, the chance of developing secondary leukemia is manifold compared to that in the general pediatric population, and the prognosis for patients with secondary leukemia is much worse than that for patients with other hematological malignancies. Therefore, it is crucial to develop clinically useful biomarkers to stratify patients according to their risk of late malignancies and determine which require intense treatment regimens to maintain the ideal balance between maximizing survival rates and avoiding late consequences. In this article, we review HL's epidemiology, risk factors, staging, molecular and genetic biomarkers, and treatments for children and adults, as well as treatment-related adverse events and the late development of secondary malignancies in patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Munir
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Viney Hardit
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irtiza N Sheikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaikha AlQahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiasen He
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Patient Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chitra Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priti Tewari
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sajad Khazal
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Che Y, Ding X, Xu L, Zhao J, Zhang X, Li N, Sun X. Advances in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:61. [PMID: 37026506 PMCID: PMC10147096 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a unique B‑cell lymphoproliferative malignancy that has a critical pathogenesis characterized by a sparse population of Hodgkin and Reed‑Sternberg cells surrounded by numerous dysfunctional immune cells. Although systemic chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, has significantly improved the prognosis of the majority of patients with HL, a subset of patients remains refractory to first‑line therapy or relapse after achieving an initial response. With the increased understanding of the biology and microenvironment of HL, novel strategies with notable efficacy and manageable toxicity, including targeted therapies, immunotherapy and cell therapy have emerged. The present review summarizes the progress made in developing novel therapies for HL and discusses future research directions in HL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Liye Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
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23
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Rodday AM, Parsons SK, Upshaw JN, Friedberg JW, Gallamini A, Hawkes E, Hodgson D, Johnson P, Link BK, Mou E, Savage KJ, Zinzani PL, Maurer M, Evens AM. The Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma International Prognostic Index: Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model From the HoLISTIC Consortium. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2076-2086. [PMID: 36495588 PMCID: PMC10082254 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The International Prognostic Score (IPS) has been used in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) for 25 years. However, analyses have documented suboptimal performance of the IPS among contemporarily treated patients. Harnessing multisource individual patient data from the Hodgkin Lymphoma International Study for Individual Care consortium, we developed and validated a modern clinical prediction model. METHODS Model development via Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis guidelines was performed on 4,022 patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage adult cHL from eight international phase III clinical trials, conducted from 1996 to 2014. External validation was performed on 1,431 contemporaneously treated patients from four real-world cHL registries. To consider association over a full range of continuous variables, we evaluated piecewise linear splines for potential nonlinear relationships. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS The median age in the development cohort was 33 (18-65) years; nodular sclerosis was the most common histology. Kaplan-Meier estimators were 0.77 for 5-year PFS and 0.92 for 5-year OS. Significant predictor variables included age, sex, stage, bulk, absolute lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, and albumin, with slight variation for PFS versus OS. Moreover, age and absolute lymphocyte count yielded nonlinear relationships with outcomes. Optimism-corrected c-statistics in the development model for 5-year PFS and OS were 0.590 and 0.720, respectively. There was good discrimination and calibration in external validation and consistent performance in internal-external validation. Compared with the IPS, there was superior discrimination for OS and enhanced calibration for PFS and OS. CONCLUSION We rigorously developed and externally validated a clinical prediction model in > 5,000 patients with advanced-stage cHL. Furthermore, we identified several novel nonlinear relationships and improved the prediction of patient outcomes. An online calculator was created for individualized point-of-care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Mae Rodday
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Susan K. Parsons
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jenica N. Upshaw
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- The CardioVascular Center and Advanced Heart Failure Program, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan W. Friedberg
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Andrea Gallamini
- Research and Clinical Innovation Department, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France
| | - Eliza Hawkes
- Australasian Lymphoma and Related Diseases Registry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Hodgson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Brian K. Link
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Eric Mou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kerry J. Savage
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seragnoli” Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica Sperimentale Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthew Maurer
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andrew M. Evens
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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24
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Investigation of the female infertility risk associated with anti-cancer therapy. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03087-8. [PMID: 36689055 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Female infertility is a significant health issue worldwide with a rising incidence. Anti-cancer therapy is one of the most important reasons for increasing infertility. Although anti-cancer treatment increases the rate of survival, it decreases the quality of life through its side effects. The most substantial side effects are sexual dysfunction and infertility. Breast cancer is the most common cancer. The first-line treatment of breast cancer is chemotherapy by alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide, which leads to infertility. For instance, persistent chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea among breast cancer patients could affect almost half of the patients that undergo such therapy. However, some agents or therapeutic methods can ameliorate these intoxicating effects. Chemotherapy plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, in breast cancer patients, can not only improve overall survival but also reduce ovarian toxicity. Age plays an essential role in chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. Chemotherapy at a younger age can reduce the risk of infertility. Gynecological cancers including uterine and ovarian cancer, which have high mortality rates, are the most related cancers to infertility. Surgery is the primary treatment of gynecological cancers. Studies demonstrated that fertility-sparing surgery is a better option than radical surgery. In addition, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is mostly a better option than primary cytoreductive surgery in terms of survival and fertility. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently played a major role in treating various cancer types. However, ICIs are associated with hypophysitis, which affects ovaries and can lead to infertility. There are some options for ovarian preservation such as embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian transposition, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, and ovarian suppression by GnRH agonists. Anti-müllerian hormone level can be utilized to monitor the ovarian reserve. Moreover, to avoid fertility loss, approaches such as using transplantation of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells, administrating anti-inflammatory agents and hormone therapy are under investigation.
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25
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Ullah F, Dima D, Omar N, Ogbue O, Ahmed S. Advances in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma: Current and future approaches. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1067289. [PMID: 36937412 PMCID: PMC10020509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1067289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare type of lymphoma with unique histologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features. It represents approximately one-tenth of lymphomas diagnosed in the United States and consists of two subtypes: classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), which accounts for majority of HL cases, and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma represent approximately 5% of Hodgkin lymphoma cases. From this point, we will be focusing on cHL in this review. In general, it is considered a highly curable disease with first-line chemotherapy with or without the addition of radiotherapy. However, there are patients with disease that relapses or fails to respond to frontline regimens and the standard treatment modality for chemo sensitive cHL is high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT). In recent years, targeted immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cHL while many novel agents are being explored in addition to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy which is also being investigated in clinical trials as a potential treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Ullah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Najiullah Omar
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Olisaemeka Ogbue
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sairah Ahmed
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma and Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Sairah Ahmed,
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26
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Stamatoullas A, Ghesquières H, Feugier P, André M, Le Bras F, Gac AC, Borel C, Gastinne T, Quittet P, Morschhauser F, Ribrag V, Guidez S, Nicolas-Virelizier E, Berriolo-Riedinger A, Vander Borght T, Edeline V, Brice P. Final results of brentuximab vedotin combined with ifosfamide-carboplatin-etoposide in first refractory/relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma: a lymphoma study association phase I/II study. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3063-3071. [PMID: 35975738 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This phase I/II study assessed the combination of brentuximab vedotin (BV) with ifosfamide-carboplatin-etoposide (ICE) as a second-line therapy in refractory/relapsed (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients. Phase I study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BV (10 patients) and phase II evaluated the rate of complete metabolic response (CMR) after 2 cycles of BV-ICE (42 patients). There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) during phase I recommending BV 1.8 mg/kg for phase II. Twenty-six patients (61.9%) achieved CMR after 2 cycles of BV-ICE and 37 patients (88%) were transplanted. With a median follow-up of 38 months, the 3-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rate were 64.3% and 100%, respectively. Hematological toxicities (81%) and infections (21%) were the most frequent adverse event encountered BV-ICE regimen is feasible with manageable toxicities and could be an alternative to other salvage treatments. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02686346.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc André
- Département d'Hématologie, CHU UCL, Namur, Belgique
| | - Fabien Le Bras
- Unité Hémopathies Lymphoïdes, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - Cécile Borel
- Département d'Hématologie, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Ribrag
- Département of Hématologie, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Guidez
- Service d'Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | | - Véronique Edeline
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Institut Curie, Hôpital R Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Pauline Brice
- Département d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP Paris, Paris, France
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27
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Ansell SM. Hodgkin lymphoma: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:1478-1488. [PMID: 36215668 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 8540 new patients annually and representing approximately 10% of all lymphomas in the United States. DIAGNOSIS HL is composed of two distinct disease entities: classical HL and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte-rich HL are subgroups of classical HL. RISK STRATIFICATION An accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence, as well as the response to therapy as determined by positron emission tomography scan, are used to optimize therapy. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY Initial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage, and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early-stage disease are typically treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiation therapy, while those with advanced-stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy, often without radiation therapy. However, newer agents, including brentuximab vedotin and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, are now being incorporated into frontline therapy. MANAGEMENT OF RELAPSED/REFRACTORY DISEASE High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, PD-1 blockade, non-myeloablative allogeneic transplant, or participation in a clinical trial should be considered.
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28
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Durmo R, Donati B, Rebaud L, Cottereau AS, Ruffini A, Nizzoli ME, Ciavarella S, Vegliante MC, Nioche C, Meignan M, Merli F, Versari A, Ciarrocchi A, Buvat I, Luminari S. Prognostic value of lesion dissemination in doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine-treated, interimPET-negative classical Hodgkin Lymphoma patients: A radio-genomic study. Hematol Oncol 2022; 40:645-657. [PMID: 35606338 PMCID: PMC9796042 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic role of the largest distance between two lesions (Dmax), defined by positron emission tomography (PET) in a retrospective cohort of newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) patients. We also explored the molecular bases underlying Dmax through a gene expression analysis of diagnostic biopsies. We included patients diagnosed with cHL from 2007 to 2020, initially treated with ABVD, with available baseline PET for review, and with at least two FDG avid lesions. Patients with available RNA from diagnostic biopsy were eligible for gene expression analysis. Dmax was deduced from the three-dimensional coordinates of the baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and its effect on progression free survival (PFS) was evaluated. Gene expression profiles were correlated with Dmax and analyzed using CIBERSORTx algorithm to perform deconvolution. The study was conducted on 155 eligible cHL patients. Using its median value of 20 cm, Dmax was the only variable independently associated with PFS (HR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.1-6.63, pValue = 0.03) in multivariate analysis of PFS for all patients and for those with early complete metabolic response (iPET-). Among patients with iPET-low Dmax was associated with a 4-year PFS of 90% (95% CI 82.0-98.9) significantly better compared to high Dmax (4-year PFS 72.4%, 95% CI 61.9-84.6). From the analysis of gene expression profiles differences in Dmax were mostly associated with variations in the expression of microenvironmental components. In conclusion our results support tumor dissemination measured through Dmax as novel prognostic factor for cHL patients treated with ABVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhep Durmo
- Nuclear Medicine UnitAzienda USL‐IRCCSReggio EmiliaItaly,PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM)University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Translational Research LaboratoryAzienda USL‐IRCCSReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - Louis Rebaud
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Translationnelle en OncologieInstitut Curie, U1288 Inserm, PSLOrsayFrance,Siemens HealthineersSaint‐DenisFrance
| | | | | | | | - Sabino Ciavarella
- Hematology and Cell Therapy UnitIRCCS‐Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II'BariItaly
| | | | - Christophe Nioche
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Translationnelle en OncologieInstitut Curie, U1288 Inserm, PSLOrsayFrance
| | - Michel Meignan
- Lysa ImagingHenri Mondor University Hospital, AP‐HP, University Paris EastCreteilFrance
| | | | | | | | - Irene Buvat
- Laboratoire d’Imagerie Translationnelle en OncologieInstitut Curie, U1288 Inserm, PSLOrsayFrance
| | - Stefano Luminari
- Hematology UnitAzienda USL‐IRCCSReggio EmiliaItaly,Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
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29
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Picardi M, Giordano C, Pugliese N, Esposito M, Fatigati M, Muriano F, Rascato MG, Pepa RD, D'Ambrosio A, Vigliar E, Troncone G, Russo D, Mascolo M, Esposito G, Prastaro M, Esposito R, Tocchetti CG, Fonti R, Mainolfi C, Del Vecchio S, Pane F. Liposomal doxorubicin supercharge-containing front-line treatment in patients with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or classical Hodgkin lymphoma: Preliminary results of a single-centre phase II study. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:847-860. [PMID: 35819919 PMCID: PMC9541306 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD) supercharge-containing therapy on interim fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (interim-FDG-PET) responses in high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or classical Hodgkin lymphoma (c-HL). In this phase II study (2016-2021), 81 adult patients with advanced-stage DLBCL (n = 53) and c-HL (n = 28) received front-line treatment with R-COMP-dose-intensified (DI) and MBVD-DI. R-COMP-DI consisted of 70 mg/m2 of NPLD plus standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone for three cycles (followed by three cycles with NPLD de-escalated at 50 mg/m2 ); MBVD-DI consisted of 35 mg/m2 of NPLD plus standard bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine for two cycles (followed by four cycles with NPLD de-escalated at 25 mg/m2 ). Patients underwent R-COMP-DI and MBVD-DI with a median dose intensity of 91% and 94% respectively. At interim-FDG-PET, 72/81 patients (one failed to undergo interim-FDG-PET due to early death) had a Deauville score of ≤3. At end of treatment, 90% of patients reached complete responses. In all, 20 patients had Grade ≥3 adverse events, and four of them required hospitalisation. At a median 21-months of follow-up, the progression-free survival of the entire population was 77.3% (95% confidence interval 68%-88%). Our data suggest that the NPLD supercharge-driven strategy in high-risk DLBCL/c-HL may be a promising option to test in phase III trials, for improving negative interim-FDG-PET cases incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Picardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Claudia Giordano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Novella Pugliese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Maria Esposito
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Melania Fatigati
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Francesco Muriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Maria G. Rascato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Roberta Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public HealthFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public HealthFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Mariella Prastaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Roberta Esposito
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Carlo G. Tocchetti
- Departments of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Rosa Fonti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Ciro Mainolfi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical SciencesFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
| | - Fabrizio Pane
- Department of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryFederico II University Medical SchoolNaplesItaly
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30
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Real-world evidence of ABVD-like regimens compared with ABVD in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a 10-year study from China. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04321-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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31
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Halahleh K, Al Sawajneh S, Saleh Y, Shahin O, Abufara A, Ma'koseh M, Abdel-Razeq R, Barakat F, Abdelkhaleq H, Al-Hassan N, Atiyyat R, Al-Faker N, Omari Z, Ghatasheh H, Jaradat I, Muradi I, Iyad S, Bazarbachi A. Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma After Autologous Transplant and in Transplant-Naïve Patients. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:589-595. [PMID: 35490153 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated significant efficacy in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma (R/R cHL) resulting in high responses and prolonged progression free survival in patients, who relapse after or are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT). We aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of Pembrolizumab before auto-SCT and in transplant naïve patients and calculate survival outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-five patients with R/R cHL were included. Patients demographics, including age, sex, risk stratification, therapy received and details pertaining transplantation, were collected. RESULTS Median age was 28 years (range, 16-62 years). The median follow-up was 15.3 months and the median number of previous treatments was 3 (1-10). The best objective response was 74.5% (CR 32.7%, SD 5.5%) with reasonable safety profile. Twenty-nine of the responding patients received subsequent auto-SCT and 9 allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), 6 are currently alive with ongoing response. At the time of analysis, 6 patients remained on Pembrolizumab and the rest discontinued. The main reason for discontinuation was disease progression (n-49). Twelve-months overall survival and progression free survival (PFS) was 92% (95% CI: 76%-95%) and 51% (95% CI, 39%-67%) respectively. Twelve-month PFS for patients, who achieved CR or PR or PD was 88% (95% CI: 07%-75%); PR 60% (95% CI: 21%-29%) and 5% (95% CI: 5%-0%). Though the number of patients who received auto-SCT after Pembrolizumab was small (n-15), 12 months overall survival and PFS 100% and PFS 92%. 11 patients (20%) deceased during the follow-up and none was regarded to be treatment-related. CONCLUSION Checkpoint inhibitors are effective in heavily pretreated cHL patients with reasonable survival outcomes. The results supporting the concept of auto and/or allo-SCT after checkpoint inhibitors use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Halahleh
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Suhaib Al Sawajneh
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yacob Saleh
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Omar Shahin
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa Abufara
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohamad Ma'koseh
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rashid Abdel-Razeq
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fareed Barakat
- Department of Hematopathology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Abdelkhaleq
- Biostatistics Unit, Research Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadira Al-Hassan
- Department of Nursing, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reem Atiyyat
- Department of Nursing, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Noor Al-Faker
- Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaid Omari
- Department of Radiology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamza Ghatasheh
- Department of Radiotherapy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Imad Jaradat
- Department of Radiotherapy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Isa Muradi
- Department of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Sultan Iyad
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Oncology-Hematology, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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32
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Ansell SM, Radford J, Connors JM, Długosz-Danecka M, Kim WS, Gallamini A, Ramchandren R, Friedberg JW, Advani R, Hutchings M, Evens AM, Smolewski P, Savage KJ, Bartlett NL, Eom HS, Abramson JS, Dong C, Campana F, Fenton K, Puhlmann M, Straus DJ. Overall Survival with Brentuximab Vedotin in Stage III or IV Hodgkin's Lymphoma. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:310-320. [PMID: 35830649 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2206125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five-year follow-up in a trial involving patients with previously untreated stage III or IV classic Hodgkin's lymphoma showed long-term progression-free survival benefits with first-line therapy with brentuximab vedotin, a CD30-directed antibody-drug conjugate, plus doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (A+AVD), as compared with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD). A planned interim analysis indicated a potential benefit with regard to overall survival; data from a median of 6 years of follow-up are now available. METHODS We randomly assigned patients in a 1:1 ratio to receive up to six cycles of A+AVD or ABVD. The primary end point, modified progression-free survival, has been reported previously. The key secondary end point was overall survival in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 664 patients were assigned to receive A+AVD and 670 to receive ABVD. At a median follow-up of 73.0 months, 39 patients in the A+AVD group and 64 in the ABVD group had died (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40 to 0.88; P = 0.009). The 6-year overall survival estimates were 93.9% (95% CI, 91.6 to 95.5) in the A+AVD group and 89.4% (95% CI, 86.6 to 91.7) in the ABVD group. Progression-free survival was longer with A+AVD than with ABVD (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.86). Fewer patients in the A+AVD group than in the ABVD group received subsequent therapy, including transplantation, and fewer second cancers were reported with A+AVD (in 23 vs. 32 patients). Primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was recommended after an increased incidence of febrile neutropenia was observed with A+AVD. More patients had peripheral neuropathy with A+AVD than with ABVD, but most patients in the two groups had resolution or amelioration of the event by the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients who received A+AVD for the treatment of stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma had a survival advantage over those who received ABVD. (Funded by Takeda Development Center Americas and Seagen; ECHELON-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01712490; EudraCT number, 2011-005450-60.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Ansell
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - John Radford
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Joseph M Connors
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Monika Długosz-Danecka
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Won-Seog Kim
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Andrea Gallamini
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Radhakrishnan Ramchandren
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Jonathan W Friedberg
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Ranjana Advani
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Martin Hutchings
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Andrew M Evens
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Piotr Smolewski
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Kerry J Savage
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Nancy L Bartlett
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Hyeon-Seok Eom
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Jeremy S Abramson
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Cassie Dong
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Frank Campana
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Keenan Fenton
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - Markus Puhlmann
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
| | - David J Straus
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (S.M.A.); the University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom (J.R.); BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver (J.M.C., K.J.S.); Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow (M.D.-D.), and the Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz (P.S.) - both in Poland; the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul (W.-S.K.), and the Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Hematologic Malignancy, National Cancer Center, Goyang (H.-S.E.) - both in South Korea; Research and Innovation Department, Antoine-Lacassagne Cancer Center, Nice, France (A.G.); the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville (R.R.); Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester (J.W.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (D.J.S.) - both in New York; the Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (R.A.); the Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen (M.H.); the Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (A.M.E.); Washington University School of Medicine Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis (N.L.B.); Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.S.A.), and Takeda Development Center Americas, Lexington (C.D., F.C.) - both in Massachusetts; and Seagen, Bothell, WA (K.F., M.P.)
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Amzai G, Karanfilski O. Milestones in Hematology and Oncology: From Fatal to Curable Disease. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2022; 43:145-157. [PMID: 35843924 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: The comprehensive management of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a success story in contemporary oncology. Over the past decades, the survival rate of patients with HL has significantly improved. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate and document the progress in the management of Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients in our country, reflected in their vital statistics, over time periods defined by the respective standard of treatment. Material and methods: The present study is designed as a retrospective-prospective study. We analyzed different modalities of treatment and compared 5 and 10-year overall survival rates in a total of 588 Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated at the University Clinic for Hematology in Skopje during two consecutive time periods, before 2000 and after 2000. The entire observation period is from 1980 to 2020. All patients are above the age of 14, with a documented histopathological diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma and with evaluable medical documentation, including clinical and laboratory data on their initial condition, the administered therapy, as well as the clinical follow-up of the patients. Results: The basic clinical features of the analyzed population across the two periods correlate with those reported in the relevant medical literature, with only slight deviations. Ten-year overall survival rates improved by 31.7% through the two calendar periods. During the last two decades of the previous century (1980-2000) the initial treatment options were COPP and COPP-like regimens for the vast majority of patients (94.7%), leading to disease remission in 80% of them. After 2000, 95.8% of de novo diagnosed patients have been treated with ABVD chemotherapy as a frontline choice and the complete response rate is 88.4%. We confirmed the superiority of ABVD in terms of efficacy, improved tumor and disease control, as well as its long-term clinical outcome. While in the past we had very limited options for relapsed/refractory HL patients, the analysis of the results of HL patients treated with various therapeutic approaches in the latter period, defines BEACOPP as the preferred choice. High-dose chemotherapy, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell graft, as a strategy for our R/R patients in the timeframe after 2000, ensures a 5-year overall survival for 51% of them, whereas 45% of the patients survive more than 10 years. Conclusion: This analysis from our Hodgkin's lymphoma database illustrates that there has been tremendous improvement in the long-term survival rates since the turn of this century. At our institution we strive to implement positive trends in practice, as suggested by relevant guidelines, regarding the evolution and progress in the diagnostic workup, treatment, and the overall management of patients with Hodgkin's disease. The objective would be to secure favorable vital statistics for our patient population, now reaching 83.5% at 10 years, which closely correlates with the data of more developed countries and centers. In future clinical trials we will also evaluate the efficacy of brentuximab-vedotin and new PD-1 blocking antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazmend Amzai
- University Clinic for Hematology, Medical Faculty, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Oliver Karanfilski
- University Clinic for Hematology, Medical Faculty, University "Sts. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Hamid MS, Rutherford SC, Jang H, Kim S, Patel K, Bartlett NL, Malecek MK, Watkins MP, Maddocks KJ, Bond DA, Feldman TA, Magarelli G, Advani RH, Spinner MA, Evens AM, Shah M, Ahmed S, Stephens DM, Allen P, Tees MT, Karmali R, Cheson BD, Yazdy MS, Strouse C, Bailey NA, Pagel JM, Ramchandren R. Outcomes Among Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients After an Interim PET Scan: A Real-World Experience. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:e435-e442. [PMID: 35093285 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The utility of dose escalation after positive positron emission tomography following 2 cycles of ABVD (PET2) for Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) remains controversial. We describe the United States real-world practice patterns for PET2 positive patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data was collected from 15 sites on PET2 positive HL patients after receiving frontline treatment between January, 2015 and June, 2019. Descriptive analyses between those with therapy change and those continuing initial therapy were assessed. RESULTS A total of 129 patients were identified; 111 (86%) were treated with ABVD therapy and 18 (14%) with an alternate regimen. At PET2 assessment, 74.4% (96/129) had Deauville score (DS) 4 and 25.6% (33/129) had DS 5. Of the 66 limited stage (LS) patients with PET2 DS score of 4/5, 77.3% (51/66) continued initial therapy and 22.7% (15/66) changed to escalated therapy. The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) for DS 4/5 LS patients was 67.0% (95% CI; 54.9-81.7) for patients without escalation compared with 51.4% (95% CI; 30.8-85.8) for those who escalated. Of the 63 DS 4/5 patients with advanced stage (AS) disease, 76.2% (48/63) continued initial therapy and 23.8% (15/63) changed to escalated therapy. The 12-month PFS for DS 4/5 AS patients was 38.3% (95% CI: 26.3%-55.7%) for patients without escalation compared with 57.1% (95% CI: 36.3-89.9) for those with escalation. CONCLUSION A minority of PET2 positive HL patients undergo therapy escalation and outcomes remain overall suboptimal. Improved prognostics markers and better therapeutics are required to improve outcomes for high-risk PET2 positive HL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy L Bartlett
- Washington University Medical University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary-Kate Malecek
- Washington University Medical University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marcus P Watkins
- Washington University Medical University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kami J Maddocks
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David A Bond
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Tatyana A Feldman
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Gabriela Magarelli
- John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | | | - Andrew M Evens
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mansi Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | | | - Pamela Allen
- Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Abstract
The nitrogen mustards are powerful cytotoxic and lymphoablative agents and have been used for more than 60 years. They are employed in the treatment of cancers, sarcomas, and hematologic malignancies. Cyclophosphamide, the most versatile of the nitrogen mustards, also has a place in stem cell transplantation and the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Adverse effects caused by the nitrogen mustards on the central nervous system, kidney, heart, bladder, and gonads remain important issues. Advances in analytical techniques have facilitated the investigation of the pharmacokinetics of the nitrogen mustards, especially the oxazaphosphorines, which are prodrugs requiring metabolic activation. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are very polymorphic, but a greater understanding of the pharmacogenomic influences on their activity has not yet translated into a personalized medicine approach. In addition to damaging DNA, the nitrogen mustards can act through other mechanisms, such as antiangiogenesis and immunomodulation. The immunomodulatory properties of cyclophosphamide are an area of current exploration. In particular, cyclophosphamide decreases the number and activity of regulatory T cells, and the interaction between cyclophosphamide and the intestinal microbiome is now recognized as an important factor. New derivatives of the nitrogen mustards continue to be assessed. Oxazaphosphorine analogs have been synthesized in attempts to both improve efficacy and reduce toxicity, with varying degrees of success. Combinations of the nitrogen mustards with monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule targeted agents are being evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The nitrogen mustards are important, well-established therapeutic agents that are used to treat a variety of diseases. Their role is continuing to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Highley
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Bart Landuyt
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Hans Prenen
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Peter G Harper
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
| | - Ernst A De Bruijn
- Plymouth Oncology Centre, Derriford Hospital, and Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom (M.S.H.); Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology (B.L.) and Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (E.A.D.B.), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Oncology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium (H.P.); and London Oncology Clinic, London, United Kingdom (P.G.H.)
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Retrospective Multicenter Real-Life Study on the First-Line Treatment of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in Argentina. Clin Hematol Int 2022; 4:44-51. [PMID: 35950206 PMCID: PMC9358792 DOI: 10.1007/s44228-022-00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no data in Argentina on the response rates to first-line treatment of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) outside clinical trials. A total of 498 patients from 7 public and private hospitals in Argentina were retrospectively examined. The median follow-up was 37.4 months (CI 95% 17.7–63.5). The median time from diagnosis to treatment was 22 days (IQR 14–42), which was significantly longer in public hospitals (49.3 (IC 95% 38.5–60.2) versus 32.5 (IC 95% 27–38); p = 0.0027). A total of 96.8% of patients were treated with ABVD.:84.3% achieved complete remission (CR) and 6.02% partial remission (PR), being the CR rate higher in private hospitals. End-of-treatment metabolic CR was achieved in 85.4% (n = 373). The interim PET scan was widely used in our cohort (70.5%; n = 351), but in only 23.3% (n = 116) was the treatment strategy response-adapted. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 76% (CI 95% 70–81). The 2 and 5-years-OS rates were 91% (CI 95% 88–94%) and 85% (CI 95% 80–89%), respectively. No differences in OS were found between public and private institutions (p = 0.27). This is one of the largest retrospective cHL cohorts reported. In Argentina ABVD is the chemotherapy regimen of choice and, although it is well tolerated, it is not exempt from toxicity. We showed that early initiation of treatment impacts the induction results. Although the use of PET scan is widespread, only a minority of patients was treated with respons- adapted strategies. The use of PET-guided treatment is strongly encouraged.
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Beynarovich A, Lepik K, Mikhailova N, Borzenkova E, Volkov N, Moiseev I, Zalyalov Y, Kondakova E, Kozlov A, Stelmakh L, Pirogova O, Zubarovskaya L, Kulagin A, Afanasyev B. Favorable outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with fludarabine-bendamustine conditioning and posttransplantation cyclophosphamide in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:401-410. [PMID: 35511399 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (rrHL). However, the optimal conditioning regimen and GVHD prophylaxis for rrHL remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to investigate outcomes of allo-HSCT with a fludarabine plus bendamustine (FluBe) conditioning regimen and GVHD prophylaxis with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCY) in patients with rrHL. METHODS Allo-HSCT results in 58 adult patients with rrHL were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Three-year overall survival and event-free survival were 81% (95% CI 65-91) and 55% (95% CI 38-72), respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) at 3 years was 33% (95% CI 13-51). The cumulative incidence of aGVHD grade II-IV and severe aGVHD grade III-IV was 36% (95% CI 22-48) and 22% (95% CI 9-33), respectively. The cumulative incidence of cGVHD was 32% (95% CI 17-45), including moderate or severe cGVHD in 17% (95% CI 4-28). Patients who developed aGVHD after allo-HSCT had significantly lower CIR (24% vs 49%, p = 0.004). The use of PBSC as a graft source also significantly reduced CIR (4% vs 61%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS FluBe-PTCY allo-HSCT facilitates favorable outcomes, low toxicity, and mortality in rrHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Beynarovich
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Kirill Lepik
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Mikhailova
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgenia Borzenkova
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita Volkov
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Moiseev
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri Zalyalov
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Kondakova
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Kozlov
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lilia Stelmakh
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Pirogova
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Zubarovskaya
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Kulagin
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris Afanasyev
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Raisa Gorbacheva Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov University, Roentgena str. 12, 197022, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Hoppe RT, Advani RH, Ai WZ, Ambinder RF, Armand P, Bello CM, Benitez CM, Chen W, Dabaja B, Daly ME, Gordon LI, Hansen N, Herrera AF, Hochberg EP, Johnston PB, Kaminski MS, Kelsey CR, Kenkre VP, Khan N, Lynch RC, Maddocks K, McConathy J, Metzger M, Morgan D, Mulroney C, Pullarkat ST, Rabinovitch R, Rosenspire KC, Seropian S, Tao R, Torka P, Winter JN, Yahalom J, Yang JC, Burns JL, Campbell M, Sundar H. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Hodgkin Lymphoma, Version 2.2022. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022; 20:322-334. [PMID: 35390768 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2022.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon malignancy of B-cell origin. Classical HL (cHL) and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL are the 2 main types of HL. The cure rates for HL have increased so markedly with the advent of modern treatment options that overriding treatment considerations often relate to long-term toxicity. These NCCN Guidelines Insights discuss the recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines for HL focusing on (1) radiation therapy dose constraints in the management of patients with HL, and (2) the management of advanced-stage and relapsed or refractory cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weiyun Z Ai
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Weina Chen
- UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Leo I Gordon
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan C Lynch
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington
| | - Kami Maddocks
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | | | - Monika Metzger
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Randa Tao
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah
| | | | - Jane N Winter
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
| | | | - Joanna C Yang
- Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine; and
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Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Lymphoma: Focus on Epigenetics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061469. [PMID: 35326620 PMCID: PMC8946119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a neoplasm arising from B or T lymphocytes or natural killer cells characterized by clonal lymphoproliferation. This tumor comprises a diverse and heterogeneous group of malignancies with distinct clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics. Despite advances in lymphoma treatment, clinical outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory disease remain poor. Thus, a deeper understanding of molecular pathogenesis and tumor progression of lymphoma is required. Epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. In fact, over the past decade, dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been identified in lymphomas, and the knowledge of the epigenetic aberrations has led to the emergence of the promising epigenetic therapy field in lymphoma tumors. However, epigenetic aberrations in lymphoma not only have been found in tumor cells, but also in cells from the tumor microenvironment, such as immune cells. Whereas the epigenetic dysregulation in lymphoma cells is being intensively investigated, there are limited studies regarding the epigenetic mechanisms that affect the functions of immune cells from the tumor microenvironment in lymphoma. Therefore, this review tries to provide a general overview of epigenetic alterations that affect both lymphoma cells and infiltrating immune cells within the tumor, as well as the epigenetic cross-talk between them.
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Torka P, Przespolewski E, Evens AM. Treatment Strategies for Advanced Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Times of Dacarbazine Shortage. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:491-497. [PMID: 35254922 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of dacarbazine (DTIC) has created an acute and unprecedented crisis in the management of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma, with DTIC being an essential component of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and DTIC (ABVD) and prior attempts at omitting DTIC from ABVD leading to substantial loss of efficacy. In this review, we discuss the strategies to manage classical Hodgkin lymphoma during the DTIC shortage and propose a treatment algorithm on the basis of fitness and ability to receive anthracyclines safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallawi Torka
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Andrew M Evens
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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Meier JA, Savoldo B, Grover NS. The Emerging Role of CAR T Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020197. [PMID: 35207685 PMCID: PMC8877886 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has evolved considerably from the time it was originally described in the 19th century with many patients now being cured with frontline therapy. Despite these advances, upwards of 10% of patients experience progressive disease after initial therapy with an even higher percentage relapsing. Until recently there had been limited therapeutic options for relapsed and/or refractory HL outside of highly intensive chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of HL, coupled with the emergence of more targeted therapeutics, has reshaped how we view the treatment of relapsed/refractory HL and its prognosis. With this, there has been an increased focus on immunotherapies that can reprogram the immune system to better overcome the immunosuppressive milieu found in HL for improved cancer cell killing. In particular, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are emerging as a valuable therapeutic tool in this area. Building on the success of antibody-drug conjugates directed against CD30, CAR T cells engineered to recognize the same antigen are now reaching patients. Though still in its infancy, CAR T therapy for relapsed/refractory HL has shown exceptional promise in early-stage clinical trials with the potential for durable responses even in patients who had progressed through multiple lines of prior therapy. Here we will review currently available data on the use of CAR T cells in HL, strategies to optimize their effectiveness, and how this therapy may fit into the treatment paradigm of HL going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Meier
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.M.); (B.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.M.); (B.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie S. Grover
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.A.M.); (B.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
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Reduction of the Vertebral Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma Correlates with Their Age and the Treatment Regimen They Received. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030495. [PMID: 35158763 PMCID: PMC8833719 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is considered a largely curable disease (~80%). The young patient age at diagnosis and their long life expectancy make quality-of-life issues, including osteopenia, exceedingly important. This study aimed to assess treatment-related bone mineral density (BMD) changes that are overlooked in this young population. BMD was measured using PET/CT scans. Among 213 patients (median age 29 years), post-treatment BMD reduction of >15% was significantly more common in those aged ≥30 years and was also associated with a cumulative dose of steroids used. At 6 months post-therapy, BMD recovery was observed in ABVD (adriamycin/bleomycin/vinblastine/dacarbazine) treated patients, while individuals receiving EB (bleomycin/etoposide/adriamycin/cyclophosphamide/oncovin/procarbazine/prednisone) regimens demonstrated persistent BMD loss and higher rates of osteopenia. Our findings suggest that steroid use should be minimized and highly gonadotoxic drugs like procarbazine should be substituted with less toxic ones, due to their deleterious effect on BMD. Adequate vitamin D levels should be maintained. Abstract Nowadays, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has become highly curable. The young age at diagnosis and long life expectancy emphasize the importance of preventing long-term treatment side effects, including bone mineral density (BMD) loss, in these patients. We aimed to evaluate the effects of first-line therapeutic modalities on BMD dynamics in HL patients, intending to identify individuals at risk for osteopenia. Demographics, HL risk factors, treatment, including cumulative steroid doses, and BMD of 213 newly-diagnosed HL patients (median age 29 years), treated at Rambam between 2008–2016, were analyzed. The main chemotherapy regimens applied were: ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) and escalated BEACOPP (EB; bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone). BMD was measured using PET/CT scans. BMD loss >15% was revealed in 48% of patients at therapy completion, with osteopenia prevalence of 4% and 14% at baseline and post-therapy, respectively. Cumulative hydrocortisone equivalent doses >3400 mg/m2 correlated with significant BMD reduction. Multivariate analysis at 6 months post-therapy identified age ≥30 years and EB-regimens as significant risk factors for BMD decrease >15%. Therapy-related BMD loss is common in HL patients. Its persistence is associated with age ≥30 years and EB treatment. Reduction of cumulative steroid doses and switch to non-gonadotoxic drugs should be considered.
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Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma is a B-cell malignancy with approximately 85-95% complete remission rate following frontline therapy; however, relapsed/refractory disease occurs in roughly 10-30% of patients after treatment. Salvage therapy conventionally relies upon cytotoxic chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. A considerable number of patients experience relapse after transplantation, and further salvage management has included the use of allogeneic transplantation and radiotherapy. In the past decade, novel therapies including, brentuximab vedotin, PD-1 inhibitors, and the incorporation of PET-imaging into management have changed the paradigm of relapsed/refractory disease care. Novel therapies have been investigated in both single and combination regimens with other novel therapies and traditional chemotherapies. There is promising early work into the utility of CD30.CAR-T cell therapy, AFM13, camidanlumab tesirine, novel PD-1 inhibitors, and JAK1/JAK2 inhibition in management. Herein, we will review current salvage therapies in Hodgkin lymphoma and future directions in relapsed/refractory disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Chohan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Azeez S, Yassin A, Mohammad N, Hassan K, Mohamed Z, Polus R, Khudhur H. A role of interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma: A single-center study in a developing country. IRAQI JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijh.ijh_27_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mauz-Körholz C, Landman-Parker J, Balwierz W, Ammann RA, Anderson RA, Attarbaschi A, Bartelt JM, Beishuizen A, Boudjemaa S, Cepelova M, Claviez A, Daw S, Dieckmann K, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Fosså A, Gattenlöhner S, Georgi T, Hjalgrim LL, Hraskova A, Karlén J, Kluge R, Kurch L, Leblanc T, Mann G, Montravers F, Pears J, Pelz T, Rajić V, Ramsay AD, Stoevesandt D, Uyttebroeck A, Vordermark D, Körholz D, Hasenclever D, Wallace WH. Response-adapted omission of radiotherapy and comparison of consolidation chemotherapy in children and adolescents with intermediate-stage and advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (EuroNet-PHL-C1): a titration study with an open-label, embedded, multinational, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:125-137. [PMID: 34895479 PMCID: PMC8716340 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents with intermediate-stage and advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma achieve an event-free survival at 5 years of about 90% after treatment with vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, and doxorubicin (OEPA) followed by cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine (COPP) and radiotherapy, but long-term treatment effects affect survival and quality of life. We aimed to investigate whether radiotherapy can be omitted in patients with morphological and metabolic adequate response to OEPA and whether modified consolidation chemotherapy reduces gonadotoxicity. METHODS Our study was designed as a titration study with an open-label, embedded, multinational, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial, and was carried out at 186 hospital sites across 16 European countries. Children and adolescents with newly diagnosed intermediate-stage (treatment group 2) and advanced-stage (treatment group 3) classical Hodgkin lymphoma who were younger than 18 years and stratified according to risk using Ann Arbor disease stages IIAE, IIB, IIBE, IIIA, IIIAE, IIIB, IIIBE, and all stages IV (A, B, AE, and BE) were included in the study. Patients with early disease (treatment group 1) were excluded from this analysis. All patients were treated with two cycles of OEPA (1·5 mg/m2 vincristine taken intravenously capped at 2 mg, on days 1, 8, and 15; 125 mg/m2 etoposide taken intravenously on days 1-5; 60 mg/m2 prednisone taken orally on days 1-15; and 40 mg/m2 doxorubicin taken intravenously on days 1 and 15). Patients were randomly assigned to two (treatment group 2) or four (treatment group 3) cycles of COPP (500 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide taken intravenously on days 1 and 8; 1·5 mg/m2 vincristine taken intravenously capped at 2 mg, on days 1 and 8; 40 mg/m2 prednisone taken orally on days 1 to 15; and 100 mg/m2 procarbazine taken orally on days 1 to 15) or COPDAC, which was identical to COPP except that 250 mg/m2 dacarbazine administered intravenously on days 1 to 3 replaced procarbazine. The method of randomisation (1:1) was minimisation with stochastic component and was centrally stratified by treatment group, country, trial sites, and sex. The primary endpoint was event-free survival, defined as time from treatment start until the first of the following events: death from any cause, progression or relapse of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, or occurrence of secondary malignancy. The primary objectives were maintaining 90% event-free survival at 5 years in patients with adequate response to OEPA treated without radiotherapy and to exclude a decrease of 8% in event-free survival at 5 years in the embedded COPDAC versus COPP randomisation to show non-inferiority of COPDAC. Efficacy analyses are reported per protocol and safety in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (trial number NCT00433459) and EUDRACT (trial number 2006-000995-33), and is closed to recruitment. FINDINGS Between Jan 31, 2007, and Jan 30, 2013, 2102 patients were recruited. 737 (35%) of the 2102 recruited patients were in treatment group 1 (early-stage disease) and were not included in our analysis. 1365 (65%) of the 2102 patients were in treatment group 2 (intermediate-stage disease; n=455) and treatment group 3 (advanced-stage disease; n=910). Of these 1365, 1287 (94%) patients (435 [34%] of 1287 in treatment group 2 and 852 [66%] of 1287 in treatment group 3) were included in the titration trial per-protocol analysis. 937 (69%) of 1365 patients were randomly assigned to COPP (n=471) or COPDAC (n=466) in the embedded trial. Median follow-up was 66·5 months (IQR 62·7-71·7). Of 1287 patients in the per-protocol group, 514 (40%) had an adequate response to treatment and were not treated with radiotherapy (215 [49%] of 435 in treatment group 2 and 299 [35%] of 852 in treatment group 3). 773 (60%) of 1287 patients with inadequate response were scheduled for radiotherapy (220 [51%] of 435 in the treatment group 2 and 553 [65%] of 852 in treatment group 3. In patients who responded adequately, event-free survival rates at 5 years were 90·1% (95% CI 87·5-92·7). event-free survival rates at 5 years in 892 patients who were randomly assigned to treatment and analysed per protocol were 89·9% (95% CI 87·1-92·8) for COPP (n=444) versus 86·1% (82·9-89·4) for COPDAC (n=448). The COPDAC minus COPP difference in event-free survival at 5 years was -3·7% (-8·0 to 0·6). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events (intention-to-treat population) were decreased haemoglobin (205 [15%] of 1365 patients during OEPA vs 37 [7%] of 528 treated with COPP vs 20 [2%] of 819 treated with COPDAC), decreased white blood cells (815 [60%] vs 231 [44%] vs 84 [10%]), and decreased neutrophils (1160 [85%] vs 223 [42%] vs 174 [21%]). One patient in treatment group 2 died of sepsis after the first cycle of OEPA; no other treatment-related deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION Our results show that radiotherapy can be omitted in patients who adequately respond to treatment, when consolidated with COPP or COPDAC. COPDAC might be less effective, but is substantially less gonadotoxic than COPP. A high proportion of patients could therefore be spared radiotherapy, eventually reducing the late effects of treatment. With more refined criteria for response assessment, the number of patients who receive radiotherapy will be further decreased. FUNDING Deutsche Krebshilfe, Elternverein für Krebs-und leukämiekranke Kinder Gießen, Kinderkrebsstiftung Mainz, Tour der Hoffnung, Menschen für Kinder, Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique, and Cancer Research UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mauz-Körholz
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Justus-Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Judith Landman-Parker
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Sorbonne Université and APHP-SIRIC CURAMUS Hôpital a Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Walentyna Balwierz
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roland A Ammann
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andische Attarbaschi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg M Bartelt
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Auke Beishuizen
- Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht and Erasmus, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabah Boudjemaa
- Department of Pathology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Cepelova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Claviez
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephen Daw
- Children and Young People's Cancer Service, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Karin Dieckmann
- Strahlentherapie AKH Wien Medizinische, Universitätsklinik Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Georgi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa L Hjalgrim
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Juliane Marie Centre, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Hraskova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, National Institute of Children's Disease and Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Karlén
- Department of Paediatric Oncology at Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Regine Kluge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Kurch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thiery Leblanc
- Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - Georg Mann
- St Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francoise Montravers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tenon Hospital, APHP and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean Pears
- Our Lady's Hospital for Children's Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tanja Pelz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Vladan Rajić
- Clinical Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Ljubljana and University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alan D Ramsay
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | | | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dieter Körholz
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Justus-Liebig- University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hasenclever
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - William Hamish Wallace
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Pei F, Yu Y, Dong B, Guan H, Dong X, Zhao F. Efficacies and Toxicities of Seven Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:694545. [PMID: 34867316 PMCID: PMC8635017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.694545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) has become one of the most treatable cancers, with more than 80% patients in the advanced stage being cured through improvement of therapeutic regimens. Nevertheless, some treatments were accompanied with toxicities. Methods: In the current study, a network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the efficacies and toxicities of different chemotherapy regimens for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We reviewed PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to May 2018, and identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which advanced HL patients received chemotherapy. Fourteen eligible RCTs published between 1992 and 2017 were enrolled in this NMA. These studies included a total of 5,964 HL patients, and assessed at least one of seven different chemotherapy regimens. Direct and indirect evidence was combined to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and to establish a surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve. Results: A cluster analysis was performed to evaluate efficacies and toxicities of different regimens. The COPP + ABVD (cyclophosphamide + vincristine + procarbazine + prednisone + doxorubicin + bleomycin + vinblastine + dacarbazine) regimen had the highest SUCRA partial response and overall remission rate values, while the ABVD regimen resulted in the lowest incidences of anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and leucopenia. Conclusion: Cluster analysis revealed that COPP + ABVD had the best efficacy against advanced HL among the seven regimens, and ABVD had the lowest toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Pei
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Graduate Studies, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First People's Hospital of Pingdu, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xinzhe Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Brice P, de Kerviler E, Friedberg JW. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet 2021; 398:1518-1527. [PMID: 33493434 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the more frequent lymphomas and is generally considered a highly curable disease with standard first-line chemotherapy and radiotherapy in some cases. Despite these outstanding results, major problems remain unresolved. First, there are still patients who will not be cured with front-line regimens and, second, many patients who are cured of classical Hodgkin lymphoma continue to die prematurely due to the late toxic effects of their therapy. Because the median age of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma is in the mid-30s, the disease's impact on the number of years lost from productive life is remarkable. In recent years, the gold standard of chemotherapy (often combined with radiotherapy) has changed, with the approval of immunotherapy mostly in relapse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Brice
- Department of Oncohaematology, Hôpital saint Louis APHP, Université Paris 7, Paris, France.
| | - Eric de Kerviler
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital saint Louis APHP, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
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Al Tabaa Y, Bailly C, Kanoun S. FDG-PET/CT in Lymphoma: Where Do We Go Now? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205222. [PMID: 34680370 PMCID: PMC8533807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is an essential part of the management of patients with lymphoma at staging and response evaluation. Efforts to standardize PET acquisition and reporting, including the 5-point Deauville scale, have enabled PET to become a surrogate for treatment success or failure in common lymphoma subtypes. This review summarizes the key clinical-trial evidence that supports PET-directed personalized approaches in lymphoma but also points out the potential place of innovative PET/CT metrics or new radiopharmaceuticals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Al Tabaa
- Scintidoc Nuclear Medicine Center, 25 rue de Clémentville, 34070 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Clement Bailly
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France;
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Salim Kanoun
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institute Claudius Regaud, 31100 Toulouse, France;
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team 9, INSERM UMR 1037, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Potre O, Pescaru M, Sima A, Ionita I, Tudor R, Borsi E, Samfireag M, Potre C. Evaluation of the Relapse Risk and Survival Rate in Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Monocentric Experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57101026. [PMID: 34684063 PMCID: PMC8540813 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by the presence of malignant Reed Sternberg cells. Although the current curability rate in patients with HL has increased, up to 30% of those in the advanced stages and 5% to 10% of those in limited stages of the disease, relapse. According to the studies, the relapse risk in HL decreases after 2 years. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relapse risk and event free survival (EFS) in patients with HL treated with Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine (ABVD), or treated with Bleomycin, Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, Procarbazine, and Prednisone (BEACOPP) regimens. Material and methods: In an observational, consecutive-case scenario, 71 patients (median age 32 years; range 16 to 80 years) diagnosed within a 4-year timeframe were enrolled; all patients were treated according to standards of care. The average follow-up duration was 26 months. Results: The risk of relapse, in patients older than 40 years, decreased after 1 year, OR = 0.707 (95% CI 0.506 to 0.988), and 2 years, OR = 0.771 (95% CI 0.459 to 1.295), respectively. Patients in the advanced stages had a higher International Prognostic Score (IPS) (score ≥ 4). The overall survival at 2 years was 57.74% and the disease-specific survival at 2 years was 71.83%. Regardless, the chemotherapy regimen and the EFS time, advanced stage, high IPS and bulky disease were still associated with an increased relapse risk in patients with HL. Conclusions: The use of ABVD chemotherapy regimen followed by 2 years EFS was associated with a reduced relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Potre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.P.); (M.P.); (I.I.); (E.B.); (C.P.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Pescaru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.P.); (M.P.); (I.I.); (E.B.); (C.P.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Sima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases and Systemic Rheumatology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- 3rd Medical Clinic, Pius Brinzeu Emergency Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioana Ionita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.P.); (M.P.); (I.I.); (E.B.); (C.P.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Tudor
- Department of Neurology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ema Borsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.P.); (M.P.); (I.I.); (E.B.); (C.P.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Miruna Samfireag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Practical Skills, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Potre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.P.); (M.P.); (I.I.); (E.B.); (C.P.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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Nuersulitan R, Yang M, Mi L, Wu M, Liu X, Ping L, Xie Y, Liu W, Song Y, Zhu J. Conditional Survival and Annual Hazard Estimates of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6731-6741. [PMID: 34471386 PMCID: PMC8405168 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s324543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, we have tried to understand how the level of risk and survival probability changes over time for patients with classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma by employing conditional survival and annual hazard as dynamic estimates of prognosis and survival. Methods This retrospective study reviewed the clinical data of patients with newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma admitted to Peking University Cancer Hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. Conditional survival and annual hazard rate were defined as the survival probability and yearly event rate, respectively, assuming that patients have survived for a defined time. Results A total of 384 patients were included (median age, 32 years; range, 6–77 years), of which 218 (56.8%) patients had early-stage disease. The median follow-up time was 41.3 months. The 5-year conditional overall survival (COS) rates remained favorable and showed an increase from 89% at treatment to 94% at year 5, while the 5-year conditional failure-free survival (CFFS) rate increased from 70% at treatment to 96% at year 5. The annual hazard of failure decreased from over 15% at diagnosis to less than 5% after 3 years. Early-stage patients had constantly lower annual estimates for hazard of death (range, 0–3.0%) and failure (range, 0–14.3%). However, the hazard of failure in advanced-stage patients decreased from 24.2% at diagnosis to below 8% after 3 years, whereas the hazard of death was always at relatively low levels. Patients with a high IPS risk score (≥3) had significantly lower COS and CFFS during the first 4 years. Patients who received the BEACOPP regimen had better 5-year COS and 5-year CFFS than those who received the ABVD regimen. Conclusion The survival probability increased and hazard of failure decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyizha Nuersulitan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
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