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Choi MC, Kim DG, Yim SH, Kim HJ, Kim HW, Yang J, Kim BS, Huh KH, Kim MS, Lee J. Creatinine-cystatin C ratio and death with a functioning graft in kidney transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1966. [PMID: 38263396 PMCID: PMC10806062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52649-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Death with a functioning graft is important cause of graft loss after kidney transplantation. However, little is known about factors predicting death with a functioning graft among kidney transplant recipients. In this study, we evaluated the association between post-transplant creatinine-cystatin C ratio and death with a functioning graft in 1592 kidney transplant recipients. We divided the patients into tertiles based on sex-specific creatinine-cystatin C ratio. Among the 1592 recipients, 39.5% were female, and 86.1% underwent living-donor kidney transplantation. The cut-off value for the lowest creatinine-cystatin C ratio tertile was 0.86 in males and 0.73 in females. The lowest tertile had a significantly lower 5-year patient survival rate and was independently associated with death with a functioning graft (adjusted hazard ratio 2.574, 95% confidence interval 1.339-4.950, P < 0.001). Infection was the most common cause of death in the lowest tertile group, accounting for 62% of deaths. A low creatinine-cystatin C ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of death with a functioning graft after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Chae Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Gie Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Yim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- The Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Born A, Bocchi F, Kuhn C, Amstutz U, Baumgartner MR, Sidler D. Tacrolimus monitoring in hair samples of kidney transplant recipients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1307505. [PMID: 38111700 PMCID: PMC10726046 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1307505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcineurin inhibitors, including tacrolimus, remain a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation. However, the therapeutic window is narrow, and nephrotoxic side effects occur with overdose, while the risk of alloimmunization and graft rejection increases with underdose. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) allows quantification of tacrolimus in biological samples from patients. This study investigates the feasibility of quantifying tacrolimus in scalp hair from kidney transplant (KT) recipients and correlates hair tacrolimus concentrations with tacrolimus dosage and blood trough levels. The aim was to provide proof-of-principle for hair tacrolimus drug monitoring in KT recipients. Method Single-center prospective study between September 9, 2021 and December 4, 2021, including KT recipients under tacrolimus. Minors, patients with active skin or hair diseases, and patients with scalp hair shorter than 4 cm were excluded from participation. Scalp hair was collected from the posterior vertex of patients, cut into segments, and analyzed for tacrolimus by LC-MS/MS. Patients filled out a questionnaire on hair treatments and washing habits. In parallel, tacrolimus trough levels were measured in whole blood and correlated with hair tacrolimus concentrations. Results In total, 39 consenting KT recipients were included, and hair samples were collected at 53 visits. Tacrolimus was detected in 98% of hair samples from patients exposed to the drug. Tacrolimus hair levels and whole blood trough levels were correlated with a beta coefficient of 0.42 (95% CI: -0.22-1.1, p = n.s.). Age and dark hair affected hair tacrolimus measurements, while different tacrolimus formulations (immediate release vs. extended release), hair washes, and permanent coloring did not. Longitudinal measurements in a subgroup of patients indicate that long-term measurement of hair tacrolimus levels is feasible. Conclusion Measuring tacrolimus in hair is a potentially reliable method to monitor drug exposure in KT patients. Rapid wash-in effects and consistent concentrations over time indicate that tacrolimus is incorporated into the hair matrix, allowing temporal resolution in the analysis of recent exposure and exposure history. This method provides a simple and low-risk alternative to regular blood sampling, sparing patients from frequent hospital visits through the self-collection of hair samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Born
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bocchi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kuhn
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Amstutz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Sidler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Moll G, Luecht C, Gyamfi MA, da Fonseca DLM, Wang P, Zhao H, Gong Z, Chen L, Ashraf MI, Heidecke H, Hackel AM, Dragun D, Budde K, Penack O, Riemekasten G, Cabral-Marques O, Witowski J, Catar R. Autoantibodies from patients with kidney allograft vasculopathy stimulate a proinflammatory switch in endothelial cells and monocytes mediated via GPCR-directed PAR1-TNF-α signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289744. [PMID: 37965310 PMCID: PMC10642342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-HLA-directed regulatory autoantibodies (RABs) are known to target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and thereby contribute to kidney transplant vasculopathy and failure. However, the detailed underlying signaling mechanisms in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and immune cells need to be clarified in more detail. In this study, we compared the immune stimulatory effects and concomitant intracellular and extracellular signaling mechanisms of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-fractions from kidney transplant patients with allograft vasculopathy (KTx-IgG), to that from patients without vasculopathy, or matched healthy controls (Con-IgG). We found that KTx-IgG from patients with vasculopathy, but not KTx-IgG from patients without vasculopathy or Con-IgG, elicits HMEC activation and subsequent upregulation and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from HMECs, which was amplified in the presence of the protease-activated thrombin receptor 1 (PAR1) activator thrombin, but could be omitted by selectively blocking the PAR1 receptor. The amount and activity of the TNF-α secreted by HMECs stimulated with KTx-IgG from patients with vasculopathy was sufficient to induce subsequent THP-1 monocytic cell activation. Furthermore, AP-1/c-FOS, was identified as crucial transcription factor complex controlling the KTx-IgG-induced endothelial TNF-α synthesis, and mircoRNA-let-7f-5p as a regulatory element in modulating the underlying signaling cascade. In conclusion, exposure of HMECs to KTx-IgG from patients with allograft vasculopathy, but not KTx-IgG from patients without vasculopathy or healthy Con-IgG, triggers signaling through the PAR1-AP-1/c-FOS-miRNA-let7-axis, to control TNF-α gene transcription and TNF-α-induced monocyte activation. These observations offer a greater mechanistic understanding of endothelial cells and subsequent immune cell activation in the clinical setting of transplant vasculopathy that can eventually lead to transplant failure, irrespective of alloantigen-directed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Luecht
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Adu Gyamfi
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennyson L M da Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pinchao Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Zexian Gong
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Duska Dragun
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Penack
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, USP School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, USP School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Healthy (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Corinna Morlacchi L, Privitera E, Rossetti V, Santambrogio M, Bellofiore A, Rosso L, Palleschi A, Nosotti M, Blasi F. Telemonitoring: An opportunity in cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19931. [PMID: 37818011 PMCID: PMC10560782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Telemedicine has been successfully employed in a wide range of conditions, such as such as chronic lung disease and COVID-19. This study evaluate the role of telemonitoring for the early diagnosis of acute lung allograft dysfunction in cystic fibrosis adults who underwent lung transplant (LuTx). Quality of life and functional level achieved during a 12 months follow up were assessed. Methods Patients were randomized into two groups; control group received traditional hospital-based follow-up, whereas patients in the intervention group received, on top of standard care, a telemonitoring device, with a pulse oximeter and a spirometer integrated. Telemonitoring data were digitally transmitted to our centre. Results Sixteen patients were enrolled in each group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of incidence of allograft dysfunction, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and time of occurrence from LuTx. Moreover, both groups achieved similar quality of life and functional level. With reference to the telemonitoring group: 1) hospital reported data were consistent with those being remotely registered; 2) adherence to telemonitoring decreased during the follow up; 3) the majority of patients reported a high degree of satisfaction. Conclusion The COVID19 pandemic highlighted the necessity to investigate alternative practices to treat chronically ill individuals. Telemonitoring is a valuable tool to improve quality care to LuTx recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Corinna Morlacchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Privitera
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Healthcare Professions Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Rossetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Santambrogio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bellofiore
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Healthcare Professions Department, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Nosotti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplant Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
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Tabernero G, Pescador M, Ruiz Ferreras E, Morales AI, Prieto M. Evaluation of NAG, NGAL, and KIM-1 as Prognostic Markers of the Initial Evolution of Kidney Transplantation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111843. [PMID: 37296695 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best option for end-stage chronic kidney disease. Transplant viability is conditioned by drugs' nephrotoxicity, ischemia-reperfusion damage, or acute rejection. An approach to improve graft survival is the identification of post-transplant renal function prognostic biomarkers. Our objective was to study three early kidney damage biomarkers (N-acetyl-d-glucosaminidase, NAG; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL; and kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1) in the initial period after transplantation and to identify possible correlations with main complications. We analysed those biomarkers in urine samples from 70 kidney transplant patients. Samples were taken on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after intervention, as well as on the day that renal function stabilised (based on serum creatinine). During the first week after transplant, renal function improved based on serum creatinine evolution. However, increasing levels of biomarkers at different times during that first week could indicate tubular damage or other renal pathology. A relationship was found between NGAL values in the first week after transplantation and delayed graft function. In addition, higher NAG and NGAL, and lower KIM-1 values predicted a longer renal function stabilisation time. Therefore, urinary NAG, NGAL, and KIM-1 could constitute a predictive tool for kidney transplant complications, contributing to improve graft survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Tabernero
- Toxicology Unit, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Moisés Pescador
- Toxicology Unit, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS2040-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana I Morales
- Toxicology Unit, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS2040-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Prieto
- Toxicology Unit, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS2040-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Le Meur Y, Nowak E, Barrou B, Thierry A, Badet L, Buchler M, Rerolle JP, Golbin L, Duveau A, Dantal J, Merville P, Kamar N, Demini L, Zal F. Evaluation of the efficacy of HEMO 2life®, a marine OXYgen carrier for Organ Preservation (OxyOp2) in renal transplantation: study protocol for a multicenter randomized trial. Trials 2023; 24:302. [PMID: 37127632 PMCID: PMC10150461 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing ischemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major issue in kidney transplantation, particularly for transplant recipients receiving a kidney from extended criteria donors (ECD). The main consequence of IRI is delayed graft function (DGF). Hypoxia is one of the key factors in IRI, suggesting that the use of an oxygen carrier as an additive to preservation solution may be useful. In the OxyOp trial, we showed that the organs preserved using the oxygen carrier HEMO2life® displayed significantly less DGF. In the OxyOp2 trial, we aim to definitively test and quantify the efficacy of HEMO2life® for organ preservation in a large population of kidney grafts. METHODS OxyOp2 is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, comparative, single-blinded, parallel-group study versus standard of care in renal transplantation. After the selection of a suitable donor according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, both kidneys will be used in the study. Depending on the characteristics of the donor, both kidneys will be preserved either in static cold storage (standard donors) or on machine perfusion (for ECD and deceased-after-cardiac-death donors (DCD)). The kidneys resulting from one donor will be randomized: one to the standard-of-care arm (organ preserved in preservation solution routinely used according to the local practice) and the other to the active treatment arm (HEMO2life® on top of routinely used preservation solution). HEMO2life® will be used for ex vivo graft preservation at a dose of 1 g/l preservation solution. The primary outcome is the occurrence of DGF, defined as the need for renal replacement therapy during the first week after transplantation. DISCUSSION The use of HEMO2life® in preservation solutions is a novel approach allowing, for the first time, the delivery of oxygen to organs. Improving graft survival by limiting ischemic lesions is a major public-health goal in the field of organ transplantation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04181710 . registered on November 29, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Le Meur
- Department of Nephrology, Hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1412, Hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.
| | - Emmanuel Nowak
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1412, Hôpital de La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
- Public Agency for Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Benoit Barrou
- Department of UrologyNephrology and Transplantation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaire de La Pitié Salpétrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | | | - Lionel Badet
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Buchler
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | - Agnès Duveau
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jacques Dantal
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Merville
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Hôpital Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Franck Zal
- HEMARINA, Aéropôle Centre, Morlaix, France
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7
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Hernández D, Caballero A. Kidney transplant in the next decade: Strategies, challenges and vision of the future. Nefrologia 2023; 43:281-292. [PMID: 37635014 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the results of kidney transplantation (KT) have improved substantially in recent years, a chronic and inexorable loss of grafts mainly due to the death of the patient and chronic dysfunction of the KT, continues to be observed. The objectives, thus, to optimize this situation in the next decade are fundamentally focused on minimizing the rate of kidney graft loss, improving patient survival, increasing the rate of organ procurement and its distribution, promoting research and training in health professionals and the development of scientific registries providing clinical and reliable information that allow us to optimize our clinical practice in the field of KT. With this perspective, this review will deep into: (1) strategies to avoid chronic dysfunction and graft loss in the medium and long term; (2) to prolong patient survival; (3) strategies to increase the donation, maintenance and allocation of organs; (4) promote clinical and basic research and training activity in KT; and (5) the analysis of the results in KT by optimizing and merging scientific registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Hernández
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Nefrología, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Instituto Biomédico de Investigación de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, REDinREN, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Abelardo Caballero
- Sección de Inmunología, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Instituto Biomédico de Investigación de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, REDinREN, Málaga, Spain
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8
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Keijbeck A, Raaijmaakers A, Hillen L, Gelens M, van Kuijk S, Cleutjens JPM, Peutz-Kootstra C, Christiaans M. Visual interstitial fibrosis assessment as continuous variable in protocol renal transplant biopsies. Histopathology 2023; 82:713-721. [PMID: 36579371 DOI: 10.1111/his.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In current renal transplant pathology practice, interstitial fibrosis is visually assessed in categories according to the Banff classification. As this has a moderate reproducibility, which is little ameliorated by morphometric analysis, we investigated whether visual renal fibrosis assessment is feasible on a continuous scale, i.e. as a percentage of affected area of the cortex. METHODS AND RESULTS Protocol renal biopsies taken at transplantation (n = 125), three (n = 73) and 12 months (n = 88) after transplantation were visually scored in categories (Banff) and percentages for interstitial fibrosis (ci). Interobserver variation (ICC and weighted κ) was assessed, and morphometric analysis on Sirius red-stained sections was performed. Correlations between the different methods and their association with donor age and eGFR 1 and 5 years post-transplant were analysed using Pearson's or Spearman's rho. Interobserver agreement was equivalent for Banff and %ci (κ = 0.713 versus ICC = 0.792), and for Banff IF/TA and %IF/TA (κ = 0.615 versus ICC = 0.743). Both Banff and %ci were associated with Sirius red morphometry in 3 and 12 months. With all three methods, a significant correlation was found between donor age and fibrosis in the implantation biopsy and between fibrosis in the 12 months' biopsy and eGFR at 1 and 5 years (eGFR at 1 year: Sirius red ρ = 0.487, %ci ρ = 0.393, Banff ρ = 0.413, all P < 0.01, eGFR at 5 years: Sirius red ρ = 0.392, %ci ρ = 0.333, Banff ρ = 0.435, all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Interstitial fibrosis assessment on a continuous scale can be used next to scoring in categories according to the Banff classification in protocol renal transplant biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Keijbeck
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anniek Raaijmaakers
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Hillen
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marielle Gelens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism University Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jack P M Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carine Peutz-Kootstra
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Christiaans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism University Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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9
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Paek JH, Kim YN, Shin HS, Jung Y, Rim H. Expansion and characterization of regulatory T cell populations from Korean kidney transplant recipients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33058. [PMID: 36930095 PMCID: PMC10019245 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immunosuppressants has enabled remarkable progress in kidney transplantation (KT). However, current immunosuppressants cannot induce immune tolerance, and their nonspecific immunosuppressive effects result in many adverse effects. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial roles in controlling all specific immune responses. This study evaluated the distribution of Tregs and their effects on kidney allograft function in Korean KT recipients. We enrolled 113 KT recipients with stable graft function. The differentiation and expansion of Tregs were examined by flow cytometry to compare the Tregs subpopulations. Among the 113 patients, 73 (64.6%) were males, and the mean follow-up period from KT to Tregs collection was 147.5 + 111.3 months. Patients receiving lower doses of cyclosporine had higher proportions of Tregs than those with higher doses of cyclosporine (36.3 + 21.6 vs 17.0 + 12.7, P = .010, respectively). Patients taking cyclosporine tended to have higher Tregs numbers than those taking tacrolimus (94.7 + 158.1 vs 49.3 + 69.4, P = .095, respectively). However, no significant association was observed between Tregs and allograft dysfunction in the cox proportional hazard model. Tregs counts may be associated with the type and dose of immunosuppressants. However, no significant relationship was found between Tregs and kidney allograft function in stable KT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyuk Paek
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ye Na Kim
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ho Sik Shin
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yeonsoon Jung
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hark Rim
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Kant S, Kaufman DB, Micsa L, Brennan DC. Master protocol to assess the long-term safety in kidney transplant recipients who previously received Medeor's cellular immunotherapy products: the MDR-105-SAE. Trials 2023; 24:178. [PMID: 36899436 PMCID: PMC10007834 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression in transplantation continues to be associated with a multitude of adverse effects. Induction of immune tolerance may be a viable strategy to reduce dependence on immunosuppression. Various trials are currently underway to assess the efficacy of this strategy. However, long-term safety data for these immune tolerance regimes has yet to be established. METHODS/DESIGN At the completion of primary follow-up of various Medeor kidney transplant studies, subjects receiving cellular immunotherapy products will be followed annually as per protocolized schedule for up to an additional 84 months (7 years) to evaluate long-term safety. Long-term safety will be assessed by summarizing incidence of serious adverse events, adverse events leading to study withdrawal and hospitalization rates. DISCUSSION This extension study will be an important step in evaluating safety issues pertaining to immune tolerance regimens, long-term effects of which are largely unknown. These data are essential for furthering an unrealized goal of kidney transplantation- graft longevity without the adverse effects from long-term immunosuppression. The study design utilizes the methodology of a master protocol, wherein multiple therapies can be assessed simultaneously with accompanied gathering of long-term safety data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kant
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dixon B Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lenuta Micsa
- Medeor Therapeutics, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd., Suite 120, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Daniel C Brennan
- Medeor Therapeutics, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd., Suite 120, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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11
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Zhang L, Zou H, Lu X, Shi H, Xu T, Gu S, Yu Q, Yin W, Chen S, Zhang Z, Gong N. Porcine anti-human lymphocyte immunoglobulin depletes the lymphocyte population to promote successful kidney transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124790. [PMID: 36969156 PMCID: PMC10033525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPorcine anti-human lymphocyte immunoglobulin (pALG) has been used in kidney transplantation, but its impacts on the lymphocyte cell pool remain unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 12 kidney transplant recipients receiving pALG, and additional recipients receiving rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG), basiliximab, or no induction therapy as a comparison group.ResultspALG showed high binding affinity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after administration, immediately depleting blood lymphocytes; an effect that was weaker than rATG but stronger than basiliximab. Single-cell sequencing analysis showed that pALG mainly influenced T cells and innate immune cells (mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils). By analyzing immune cell subsets, we found that pALG moderately depleted CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, regulatory T cells, and NKT cells and mildly inhibited dendritic cells. Serum inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6) were only moderately increased compared with rATG, which might be beneficial in terms of reducing the risk of untoward immune activation. During 3 months of follow-up, we found that all recipients and transplanted kidneys survived and showed good organ function recovery; there were no cases of rejection and a low rate of complications.DiscussionIn conclusion, pALG acts mainly by moderately depleting T cells and is thus a good candidate for induction therapy for kidney transplant recipients. The immunological features of pALG should be exploited for the development of individually-optimized induction therapies based on the needs of the transplant and the immune status of the patient, which is appropriate for non-high-risk recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyong Zou
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huibo Shi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi Gu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinyu Yu
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqu Yin
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Research and Development, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Nianqiao Gong, ; Zhi Zhang,
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Nianqiao Gong, ; Zhi Zhang,
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12
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Villanego F, Vigara LA, López V, de Gracia MDC, Rodríguez-Benot A, Bernal G, Castro P, Mazuecos A. Changes over time in the causes of death with a functioning graft in kidney transplantation recipients. Nefrologia 2023; 43:91-101. [PMID: 37268500 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Death with a functioning graft (DWFG) is the most frequent cause of loss of kidney transplantation (KT). OBJECTIVE To analyze the evolution of the causes of DWFG and the frequency of the types of cancer causing DWFG. METHODS Retrospective study of KT in Andalusia from 1984 to 2018. We analyzed the evolution according to eras (1984-1995; 1996-2007; 2008-2018) and according to post-transplant period (early death: first year post-KT; late death: after first year post-KT). RESULTS A total of 9905 KT were performed, registering 1861 DWFG. The most frequent causes were cardiovascular disease (25.1%), infections (21.5%) and cancer (19.9%). In early death we did not observe changes, and infections were always the main cause. In late death, cardiovascular death decreased (1984-1995: 35.2%, 1996-2007: 22.6%, 2008-2018: 23.9%), but infections (1984-1995: 12.5%, 1996-2007: 18.3%, 2008-2018: 19.9%) and, above all, cancer-related deaths increased (1984-1995: 21.8%, 1996-2007: 29%, 2008-2018: 26.8%) (P < .001). In the multivariable analysis for late death due to cardiovascular disease, recipient age, retransplantation, diabetes, and the first period were risk factors, while the risk of late death due to cancer and infections was associated with recent eras. In the first year after transplantation, the most frequent neoplasia causing DWFG was post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and after the first year, it was lung cancer, without differences when it was analyzed by eras. CONCLUSIONS Despite the greater comorbidity of the recipients, cardiovascular deaths have decreased. Cancer has been the main cause of late death in recent years. Lung cancer is the most frequent malignancy that causes DWFG in our transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verónica López
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Gabriel Bernal
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Castro
- Coordinación Autonómica de Trasplantes de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Ha YP, Divard G, Mitra N, Putt ME, Pallet N, Loupy A, Anglicheau D, Trofe-Clark J, Legendre C, Bloom RD, Reese PP. Outcomes in kidney transplant recipients treated with immediate-release tacrolimus capsules versus extended-release tacrolimus capsules: A cohort study. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14840. [PMID: 36374204 PMCID: PMC10290232 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior randomized trials and observational studies have generally reported similar outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) treated with immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-TAC) versus extended-release tacrolimus (ER-TAC). However, many of these previous studies focused on patients with low immunological risks, had small sample sizes and brief follow-up periods, and excluded outcomes associated with graft loss, such as chronic rejection. METHODS To address these limitations, we conducted a cohort study of 848 KTRs at a single transplantation center who had generally high immunological risks and were treated with either IR-TAC capsules (589 patients, 65.9%) or ER-TAC capsules (289 patients, 34.1%). All patients received their designated maintenance immunosuppressive regimen for at least 3 months post-transplantation. Afterwards, tacrolimus formulation was at the discretion of each patient's transplant nephrologist. For the two treatment groups, we compared the hazards of experiencing a composite outcome of acute or chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), acute or chronic T-cell-mediated rejection, de novo DSA, and/or graft loss over a 3-year period starting at 3 months post-transplantation. RESULTS In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, KTRs treated with IR-TAC capsules had an increased hazard of experiencing the composite outcome when compared to patients treated with ER-TAC capsules; however, this result was not significant (adj HR 1.24, 95% CI .92-1.68, p = .163). Similar results were obtained with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using a propensity score (adj HR 1.25, 95% CI .93-1.68, p = .146). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that when compared to IR-TAC capsules, ER-TAC capsules do not reduce the hazard of poor outcomes in KTRs with generally high immunological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee P. Ha
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gillian Divard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Kidney Transplant Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary E. Putt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
- CRC (UMR_S_1138/U1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Loupy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Kidney Transplant Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Kidney Transplant Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Trofe-Clark
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Kidney Transplant Department, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Roy D. Bloom
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter P. Reese
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Division of Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Shetty A, Lim S, Strell P, Steer CJ, Rivera-Mulia JC, Low WC. In Silico Stage-Matching of Human, Marmoset, Mouse, and Pig Embryos to Enhance Organ Development Through Interspecies Chimerism. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231158728. [PMID: 36929807 PMCID: PMC10026093 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231158728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a significant shortage of transplantable organs for patients in need. Interspecies chimerism and blastocyst complementation are alternatives for generating transplantable human organs in host animals such as pigs to meet this shortage. While successful interspecies chimerism and organ generation have been observed between evolutionarily close species such as rat and mouse, barriers still exist for more distant species pairs such as human-mouse, marmoset-mouse, human-pig, and others. One of the proposed barriers to chimerism is the difference in developmental stages between the donor cells and the host embryo at the time the cells are introduced into the host embryo. Hence, there is a logical effort to stage-match the donor cells with the host embryos for enhancing interspecies chimerism. In this study, we used an in silico approach to simultaneously stage-match the early developing embryos of four species, including human, marmoset, mouse, and pig based on transcriptome similarities. We used an unsupervised clustering algorithm to simultaneously stage-match all four species as well as Spearman's correlation analyses to stage-match pairs of donor-host species. From our stage-matching analyses, we found that the four stages that best matched with each other are the human blastocyst (E6/E7), the gastrulating mouse embryo (E6-E6.75), the marmoset late inner cell mass, and the pig late blastocyst. We further demonstrated that human pluripotent stem cells best matched with the mouse post-implantation stages. We also performed ontology analysis of the genes upregulated and commonly expressed between donor-host species pairs at their best matched stages. The stage-matching results predicted by this study will inform in vivo and in vitro interspecies chimerism and blastocyst complementation studies and can be used to match donor cells with host embryos between multiple species pairs to enhance chimerism for organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anala Shetty
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seunghyun Lim
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Phoebe Strell
- Comparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Walter C Low
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Veeranki V, Prasad N, Meyyappan J, Bhadauria D, Behera MR, Kushwaha R, Patel MR, Yaccha M, Kaul A. The adverse effects of high-dose corticosteroid on infectious and non-infectious sequelae in renal transplant recipients with coronavirus disease-19 in India. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13908. [PMID: 35870131 PMCID: PMC9349989 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The corticosteroid dosing modulation in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is not well defined. We aimed to analyze the outcomes and infectious and non-infectious sequelae in RTR with COVID-19 with reference to corticosteroid dosing and the first and second pandemic waves of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included RTRs admitted during two pandemic waves between March 25, 2020, and July 31, 2021. Patients were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. The outcomes and predictors of survival at 4 weeks were analyzed. The survivors were also followed for 6 months and were studied for mortality, readmission rates, and infectious and non-infectious sequelae with reference to high-dose and standard-dose corticosteroids. RESULTS A total of 251 RTRs, 104 during the first wave and 147 during the second wave, were treated. Overall mortality was 15.1% (11.5% in the first wave vs. 17.5% in the second wave, p = .23). The use of high-dose steroids was also significantly high in non-survivors (85.8% vs. 11.3%, p = .001). On multivariate analysis, the severity of COVID-19, graft dysfunction, and high dose of corticosteroid therapy were associated with increased odds of mortality. Among survivors, 6-month mortality (17.3% vs. 0.5%, p = .001), readmission rate (91.3% vs. 23.7%, p = .001), fungal infection (30.4% vs. 2.2%, p < .001), and post-COVID lung sequelae (21.7% vs. 4.4%, p = .008) were significantly higher in the high-dose corticosteroid group than in the standard-dose group. CONCLUSION High-dose corticosteroid dosing in RTRs with COVID-19 was associated with increased infections, particularly fungal infections, and non-infectious sequelae with higher mortality on subsequent follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsidhar Veeranki
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Jeyakumar Meyyappan
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Dharmendra Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Manas R. Behera
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Ravi Kushwaha
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Manas R. Patel
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Monika Yaccha
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Anupama Kaul
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
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Anwari K, Hamilton-Shield A, Lawal AA, Henderson S, Burns Á, Riding A, Wilson J. Healthcare professionals lack confidence and training in approaching advanced care planning discussions during renal inpatient admissions. Future Healthc J 2022; 9:59. [PMID: 36310971 PMCID: PMC9601082 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.9-2-s59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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17
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Trasplante renal en la próxima década: estrategias, retos y visión de futuro. Nefrologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Yemini R, Rahamimov R, Nesher E, Anteby R, Ghinea R, Hod T, Mor E. The Impact of Obesity and Associated Comorbidities on the Outcomes after Renal Transplantation with a Living Donor vs. Deceased Donor Grafts. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113069. [PMID: 35683458 PMCID: PMC9181095 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity among kidney transplant (KT) recipients can lead to metabolic comorbidity-associated deaths. This study compares post-KT survival between obese and non-obese patients and outcomes of living donor (LD) and deceased donor (DD) grafts. Methods: Between January 2005−May 2019, 1403 KT recipients from a single center were included in the study, as well as 314 patients (22.4%) with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2), 137 DD transplants, and 177 LD transplants. Of the 1089 (77.6%) in the control group (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2), 384 were DD transplants and 705 LD transplants. The Kaplan−Meier method was used for survival analysis and a Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for graft loss and mortality. Propensity score matching analysis adjusting for age, IHD, and T2DM was performed. Results: The study group had higher incidence of obesity related comorbidities, delayed graft function and primary non function (p < 0.001). One-, 5-and 10-year patient and graft survival were lower in the study group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of graft survival according to type of graft shows a difference in the DD (p = 0.002) but not in the LD group (p = 0.220). However, mortality was higher in both groups (LD, p = 0.045; DD, p = 0.004). Risk factors for mortality were age, T2DM, IHD, and DD, and for graft failure: IHD, BMI, donor age, re-transplant, and DD. Propensity score analysis shows an odds ratio of 0.81 for graft failure and 0.93 for death in the study group (95% CI = 0.55, 1.21, p = 0.3 and CI = 0.59, 1.46, p = 0.7, respectively). Conclusions: Recipient age and metabolic comorbidities should be emphasized when evaluating patients with obesity. We suggest considering weight loss interventions using the new GLP-1 inhibitors and bariatric procedures in selected patients to prepare overweight patients for transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Yemini
- Department of Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod 7747629, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-72-3398884; Fax: +972-72-3398916
| | - Ruth Rahamimov
- Institute of Nephrology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petach-Tikva 49100, Israel;
- Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.N.); (R.A.); (R.G.); (T.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Eviatar Nesher
- Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.N.); (R.A.); (R.G.); (T.H.); (E.M.)
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Beilinson Medical Center, Petach-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Roi Anteby
- Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.N.); (R.A.); (R.G.); (T.H.); (E.M.)
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Ronen Ghinea
- Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.N.); (R.A.); (R.G.); (T.H.); (E.M.)
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Tammy Hod
- Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.N.); (R.A.); (R.G.); (T.H.); (E.M.)
- Transplant Center, Department of Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Sackler Medical School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (E.N.); (R.A.); (R.G.); (T.H.); (E.M.)
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
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Exploring Porcine Precision-Cut Kidney Slices as a Model for Transplant-Related Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marginal donor kidneys are more likely to develop ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), resulting in inferior long-term outcomes. Perfusion techniques are used to attenuate IRI and improve graft quality. However, machine perfusion is still in its infancy, and more research is required for optimal conditions and potential repairing therapies. Experimental machine perfusion using porcine kidneys is a great way to investigate transplant-related IRI, but these experiments are costly and time-consuming. Therefore, an intermediate model to study IRI would be of great value. We developed a precision-cut kidney slice (PCKS) model that resembles ischemia-reperfusion and provides opportunities for studying multiple interventions simultaneously. Porcine kidneys were procured from a local slaughterhouse, exposed to 30 min of warm ischemia, and cold preserved. Subsequently, PCKS were prepared and incubated under various conditions. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and histological tissue integrity were assessed for renal viability and injury. Slicing did not influence tissue viability, and PCKS remained viable up to 72 h incubation with significantly increased ATP levels. Hypothermic and normothermic incubation led to significantly higher ATP levels than baseline. William’s medium E supplemented with Ciprofloxacin (and Amphotericin-B) provided the most beneficial condition for incubation of porcine PCKS. The porcine PCKS model can be used for studying transplant IRI.
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20
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Eiamsitrakoon T, Tharabenjasin P, Pabalan N, Jarjanazi H, Tasanarong A. Influence of polymorphisms in the vascular endothelial growth factor gene on allograft rejection after kidney transplantation: a meta-analysis. F1000Res 2022; 10:90. [PMID: 35284063 PMCID: PMC8905004 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27800.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reported associations of allograft rejection in kidney transplant patients with
VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been inconsistent between studies, which prompted a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. Methods:
Using the PICO elements, kidney transplant patients (P) were compared by genotype data between rejectors (I) and non-rejectors (C) in order to determine the risk of allograft rejection (O) attributed to the
VEGF SNPs. Literature search of four databases yielded seven articles. To calculate risks for allograft rejection, four SNPs were examined. Using the allele-genotype model we compared the variant (
var) with the wild-type (
wt) and heterozygous (
var-
wt) alleles. Meta-analysis treatments included outlier and subgroup analyses, the latter was based on ethnicity (Indians/Caucasians) and rejection type (acute/chronic). Multiple comparisons were corrected with the Bonferroni test. Results: Five highly significant outcomes (P
a < 0.01) survived Bonferroni correction, one of which showed reduced risk for the
var allele (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.82). The remaining four indicated increased risk for the
wt allele where the chronic rejection (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.36-3.24) and Indian (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13-1.84) subgroups were accorded susceptibility status. Conclusions: Risk associations for renal allograft rejection were increased and reduced on account of the
wt and
var alleles, respectively. These findings could render the
VEGF polymorphisms useful in the clinical genetics of kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanee Eiamsitrakoon
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Phuntila Tharabenjasin
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Noel Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Hamdi Jarjanazi
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Adis Tasanarong
- Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
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21
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Personalized Prediction of Kidney Function Decline and Network Analysis of the Risk Factors after Kidney Transplantation Using Nationwide Cohort Data. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051259. [PMID: 35268350 PMCID: PMC8911006 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a machine-learning-based model that could predict a decrease in one-year graft function after kidney transplantation, and investigated the risk factors of the decreased function. A total of 4317 cases were included from the Korean Organ Transplant Registry (2014−2019). An XGBoost model was trained to predict the recipient’s one-year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 using 112 pre- and peri-transplantation variables. The network of model factors was drawn using inter-factor partial correlations and the statistical significance of each factor. The model with seven features achieved an area under the curve of 0.82, sensitivity of 0.73, and specificity of 0.79. The model prediction was associated with five-year graft and rejection-free survival. Post-transplantation hospitalization >25 days and eGFR ≥ 88.0 were the prominent risk and preventive factors, respectively. Donor age and post-transplantation eGFR < 59.8 were connected to multiple risk factors on the network. Therefore, careful donor−recipient matching in older donors, and avoiding pre-transplantation risk factors, would reduce the risk of graft dysfunction. The model might improve long-term graft outcomes by supporting early detection of graft dysfunction, and proactive risk factor control.
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22
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van Leeuwen L, Venema LH, Heilig R, Leuvenink HGD, Kessler BM. Doxycycline Alters the Porcine Renal Proteome and Degradome during Hypothermic Machine Perfusion. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:559-577. [PMID: 35723325 PMCID: PMC8928973 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a hallmark for tissue injury in donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys. The implementation of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) provides a platform for improved preservation of DCD kidneys. Doxycycline administration has shown protective effects during IRI. Therefore, we explored the impact of doxycycline on proteolytic degradation mechanisms and the urinary proteome of perfused kidney grafts. Porcine kidneys underwent 30 min of warm ischemia, 24 h of oxygenated HMP (control/doxycycline) and 240 min of ex vivo reperfusion. A proteomic analysis revealed distinctive clustering profiles between urine samples collected at T15 min and T240 min. High-efficiency undecanal-based N-termini (HUNTER) kidney tissue degradomics revealed significantly more proteolytic activity in the control group at T-10. At T240, significantly more proteolytic activity was observed in the doxycycline group, indicating that doxycycline alters protein degradation during HMP. In conclusion, doxycycline administration during HMP led to significant proteomic and proteolytic differences and protective effects by attenuating urinary NGAL levels. Ultimately, we unraveled metabolic, and complement and coagulation pathways that undergo alterations during machine perfusion and that could be targeted to attenuate IRI induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.H.V.); (H.G.D.L.)
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; (R.H.); (B.M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leonie H. Venema
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.H.V.); (H.G.D.L.)
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; (R.H.); (B.M.K.)
| | - Henri G. D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.H.V.); (H.G.D.L.)
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; (R.H.); (B.M.K.)
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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23
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van Leeuwen LL, Leuvenink HGD, Olinga P, Ruigrok MJR. Shifting Paradigms for Suppressing Fibrosis in Kidney Transplants: Supplementing Perfusion Solutions With Anti-fibrotic Drugs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:806774. [PMID: 35083254 PMCID: PMC8784659 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.806774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been made toward addressing the demand for donor kidneys. One of the most promising approaches is to use kidneys from donation after circulatory death donors. These kidneys, however, suffer from more severe ischemia and reperfusion injury than those obtained via donation after brain death and are thus more prone to develop interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Even though machine perfusion is increasingly used to reduce ischemia and reperfusion injury, there are no effective treatments available to ameliorate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, forcing patients to resume dialysis, undergo re-transplantation, or suffer from premature death. Safe and effective anti-fibrotic therapies are therefore greatly desired. We propose a new therapeutic approach in which machine perfusion solutions are supplemented with anti-fibrotic compounds. This allows the use of higher concentrations than those used in humans whilst eliminating side effects in other organs. To the authors' knowledge, no one has reviewed whether such an approach could reduce interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy; we therefore set out to explore its merit. In this review, we first provide background information on ischemia and reperfusion injury as well as interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, after which we describe currently available approaches for preserving donor kidneys. We then present an evaluation of selected compounds. To identify promising compounds, we analyzed publications describing the effects of anti-fibrotic molecules in precision-cut kidneys slices, which are viable explants that can be cultured ex vivo for up to a few days whilst retaining functional and structural features. LY2109761, galunisertib, imatinib, nintedanib, and butaprost were shown to exert anti-fibrotic effects in slices within a relatively short timeframe (<48 h) and are therefore considered to be excellent candidates for follow-up ex vivo machine perfusion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Leonie van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henri G. D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mitchel J. R. Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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24
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Tantisattamo E, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Molnar MZ. Nutritional and dietary interventions to prolong renal allograft survival after kidney transplantation. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2022; 31:6-17. [PMID: 34750333 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diet plays an important role in slowing progression of chronic kidney disease in native and transplanted kidneys. There is limited evidence on the association on dietary intake with renal allograft function. Mechanisms of major nutrients and dietary patterns with focusing on a plant-based diet related to kidney transplant health and longevity are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS High dietary protein intake may adversely affect renal allograft. Low protein plant-focused diets such as Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, plant-dominant low-protein diet and Mediterranean diets appear associated with favorable outcomes in slowing renal allograft function decline. The mechanism may be related to a change in renal hemodynamic by decreasing glomerular hyperfiltration from low dietary protein intake and plant-based ingredients. Recent observational studies of association between dietary protein intake and kidney allograft outcomes are conflicting. Although strong evidence is still lacking, a low protein diet of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day with at least 50% of the protein source from plant-based components in kidney transplant recipients with stable kidney allograft function should be considered as the dietary target. SUMMARY Dietary intervention with low-protein plant-focused meals may improve outcomes in kidney transplant recipients, but the evidence remains limited and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekamol Tantisattamo
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange.,Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California.,Multi-Organ Transplant Center, Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange.,Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California.,Lundquist Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Miklos Z Molnar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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25
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Cambios en el tiempo de las causas de muerte con injerto funcionante en los receptores de trasplante renal. Nefrologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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26
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Chimerism and tolerance: past, present and future strategies to prolong renal allograft survival. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 30:63-74. [PMID: 33186221 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Immunological factors are a major cause of kidney allograft loss. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) have improved short-term kidney allograft survival; however, they in turn contribute to long-term kidney allograft loss from chronic CNI nephrotoxicity. Tolerance induction in transplantation can avoid the long-term adverse effects of immunosuppressive medications. This review aims to critically discuss recent efforts in inducing transplantation tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS Tolerance induction mediated by chimerism has shown some promise in minimizing or even complete withdrawal of immunosuppressive treatments in kidney allograft recipients. There has been a number of approaches as varied as the number of centres conducting these trials. However, they can be grouped into those mediated by transient microchimerism and those facilitated by more stable macro or full donor chimerism. The success rates in terms of long-term drug-free graft survival has been limited in microchimerism-mediated tolerance induction approaches. Mixed macrochimerism of less than 50% donor may be unstable with mostly the recipient's native immune system overpowering the donor chimeric status.Tolerance induction leading to chimerism has been limited to living donor kidney transplantation and additional long-term outcomes are required. Furthermore, immune monitoring after tolerance induction has faced a limitation in studying due to a lack of sufficient study participants and appropriate study controls. SUMMARY Tolerance induction is one of several strategies used to prolong kidney allograft survival, but it has not been routinely utilized in clinical practice. However, future applications from the trials to clinical practice remain limited to living donor kidney transplantation. Once further data regarding tolerance inductions exist and practicality becomes widely accepted, tolerance induction may shift the paradigm in the field of kidney transplantation to achieve the best possible outcome of 'One Organ for Life'.
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27
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Mallina H, Elumalai R, F D Paul S, George Priya Doss C, Udhaya Kumar S, Ramanathan G. Computational validation of ABCB1 gene polymorphism and its effect on tacrolimus dose concentration/levels in renal transplant individuals of South India. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104971. [PMID: 34735949 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal failure require hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis; however, kidney transplantation is considered a better treatment option for renal failure patients, improving their quality of life and longevity. Among several potent immunosuppressive agents, tacrolimus (TAC) has shown progressive improvement in the graft survival rates after renal transplantation. Fifty kidney transplant patients undergoing TAC immunosuppressive treatment were included. The human genomic DNA was isolated using the phenol-chloroform extraction procedure. CYP3A5*6, CYP3A5*2, and ABCB1 exon 21 G2677 T/A polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square analysis were performed to analyze the data, where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In addition, we implemented bioinformatics studies on ABCB1 protein to determine the mutation's effect sequentially and structurally. Among the genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNPs of CYP3A5*2 and CYP3A5*6 did not vary in the studied population. The concentration/dose (C/D) ratio of TT genotype of the ABCB1 gene was higher (95% CI: 177.38-269.46) when compared to TA and AA. However, there were no substantial differences between the ABCB1 genotypes and TAC C/D ratio (p = 0.953). The TAC dose mg/kg/day (p = 0.002) and C/D ratio (p = 0.004) exhibited a statistically significant difference. However, no significant difference was found with respect to the ABCB1 gene between the non-toxicity and toxicity groups. Mutation and residue interaction analysis results showed that the S893T mutation destabilizes the ABCB1 protein, thus reducing the protein's flexibility. The present study demonstrated a substantial relationship between the TAC dose and C/D ratio, including the non-toxicity and toxicity groups. However, no possible correlation was observed between the ABCB1 gene polymorphism and renal transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Mallina
- Department of Nephrology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Ramprasad Elumalai
- Department of Nephrology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Solomon F D Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of BioSciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- School of BioSciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India; School of BioSciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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28
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Rambabova-Bushljetik I, Metzger J, Siwy J, Dohcev S, Bushljetikj O, Filipce V, Trajceska L, Mischak H, Spasovski G. Association of the chronic kidney disease urinary proteomic predictor CKD273 with clinical risk factors of graft failure in kidney allograft recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:2014-2021. [PMID: 34634117 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for end stage kidney disease but is still associated with long term graft failure. In this study, we evaluated the application of urinary proteomics to identify grafts with high failure risk before initial decline of eGFR with irreversible graft changes. METHODS Fifty-two living donor kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with 8-years follow up were enrolled. All patients underwent clinical examination and had a routine laboratory screening at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 96 months post-transplantation, including creatinine, urea, albumin and 24h proteinuria. Graft function was estimated according to Nankivell. Urine samples at month 24 were analyzed by CE-MS followed by classification with the chronic kidney disease classifier CKD273. RESULTS CKD273 showed significant correlation with serum creatinine at every time point and moderate inverse correlation for the slope in glomerular filtration rates by Nankivell (r = -0.29, P = 0.05). Receiver operating characteristics analysis for graft loss and death within the next six years after proteomic analysis resulted in an area under curve value of 0.89 for CKD273 being superior to 0.67 for Nankivell eGFR. Stratification into CKD273 positive and negative patient groups revealed a hazard ratio of 16.5 for prevalence of graft loss in case of CKD273 positivity. CONCLUSIONS Using a representative KTR cohort with 8-years follow-up, we could demonstrate significant value of CKD273 for risk stratification of graft loss. This study provides the conceptual basis for further evaluation of CKD273 as prognostic tool for long-term graft function risk stratification by large prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Rambabova-Bushljetik
- University Department of Nephrology, Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Un. Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | | | | | - Saso Dohcev
- University Department of Urology, Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Un. Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Oliver Bushljetikj
- University Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Un. Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Venko Filipce
- University Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Un. Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | - Lada Trajceska
- University Department of Nephrology, Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Un. Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, N. Macedonia
| | | | - Goce Spasovski
- University Department of Nephrology, Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Un. Sts Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, N. Macedonia
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29
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Wei J, Chen L, Wang D, Tang L, Xie Z, Chen W, Zhang S, Weng G. Upregulation of RIP3 promotes necroptosis via a ROS‑dependent NF‑κB pathway to induce chronic inflammation in HK‑2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:783. [PMID: 34498705 PMCID: PMC8441977 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF) is a major cause of late allograft loss, and inflammation within areas of TA/IF is associated with adverse outcomes in kidney transplantation. However, there is currently no satisfactory method to suppress this inflammation to improve TA/IF. The present study aimed to determine the proinflammatory role of receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) in TA/IF to discover a novel therapeutic target. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of RIP3 and inflammation-associated factors. Lactate dehydrogenase release assay was used to determine necroptosis. Fluorescent 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results demonstrated that patients with chronic TA/IF exhibited upregulated receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) expression compared with the patients who had a favorable recovery after renal transplant. Therefore, the current study used normal renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 to establish a cellular model with a high expression level of RIP3 in order to investigate the effect of RIP3 on renal epithelial cells after transplantation. The western blotting results demonstrated that overexpression of RIP3 could significantly increase the phosphorylation level of the necroptosis executive molecule mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. Lactate dehydrogenase release, a key feature of necroptosis, was also markedly improved by RIP3 overexpression. Moreover, a higher inflammatory response was detected in HK-2 cells with RIP3 overexpression, and this elevated inflammation could be restored by the necroptosis inhibitor necrosulfonamide. Of note, it was found that overexpression of RIP3 activated the NF-κB signaling pathway via the excessive accumulation of ROS to induce necroptosis, which ultimately led to inflammation. Collectively, these findings indicated that overexpression of RIP3 promoted necroptosis via a ROS-dependent NF-κB pathway to induce chronic inflammation, suggesting that RIP3 may have the potential to be a therapeutic target against inflammation in TA/IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wei
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Duidui Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Weng
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
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30
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Pure T-cell mediated rejection following kidney transplant according to response to treatment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256898. [PMID: 34478461 PMCID: PMC8415619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of studies on kidney transplantation (KT) has largely shifted from T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) to antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). However, there are still cases of pure acute TCMR in histological reports, even after a long time following transplant. We thus evaluated the impact of pure TCMR on graft survival (GS) according to treatment response. We also performed molecular diagnosis using a molecular microscope diagnostic system on a separate group of 23 patients. A total of 63 patients were divided into non-responders (N = 22) and responders (N = 44). Non-response to rejection treatment was significantly associated with the following factors: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at biopsy, ΔGFR, TCMR within one year, t score, and IF/TA score. We also found that non-responder vs. responder (OR = 3.31; P = 0.036) and lower GFR at biopsy (OR = 0.56; P = 0.026) were independent risk factors of graft failure. The responders had a significantly superior overall GS rate compared with the non-responders (P = 0.004). Molecular assessment showed a good correlation with histologic diagnosis in ABMR, but not in TCMR. Solitary TCMR was a significant risk factor of graft failure in patients who did not respond to rejection treatment.
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Early Steroid Withdrawal After Kidney Transplantation in Patients at Risk for New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2216-2226. [PMID: 34454728 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a serious complication after kidney transplantation because of worse graft survival and increased risk of cardiovascular events. It is partly induced by immunosuppressive therapies such as corticosteroids. This study aimed to assess whether early corticosteroid withdrawal on day 4 (early steroid withdrawal [ESW] group) could prevent the development of NODAT within 2 years posttransplantation while maintaining good graft and patient survival rates. METHODS This was an observational, single-center, retrospective study. All patients received an induction therapy of antithymocyte globulin or basiliximab and maintenance therapy of tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil/corticosteroids. Patients were either weaned off corticosteroids on day 4 (ESW group) or were maintained on corticosteroids for at least 3 months (standard group). NODAT was defined as the initiation of any oral hypoglycemic agent or insulin at 3 months and up to 2 years posttransplantation in previously nondiabetic recipients. RESULTS Between January, 1, 2010, and December 14, 2014, 492 recipients were included in this study; 88 received the ESW strategy, and 404 received the standard strategy. Age and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in the ESW group. The incidence of NODAT was 36.8% in the ESW group and 8.8% in the standard group (odds ratio [OR], 47.5; P < .001). Compared with a matched sample from the standard group that had the same probability to benefit from ESW at baseline, ESW was still associated with a significantly increased risk of NODAT (OR, 4.41; P = .018). Among recipients with a BMI >25 kg/m2, the ESW strategy significantly decreased the risk of NODAT compared with the standard strategy (OR, 0.07; P = .013). Safety endpoints (eg, acute rejection, de novo-specific antibodies, graft function/survival) did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Despite a reassuring safety profile, ESW on day 4 after kidney transplantation only had a marginal effect on the incidence of NODAT.
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Isakov O, Patibandla BK, Shwartz D, Mor E, Christopher KB, Hod T. Can uric acid blood levels in renal transplant recipients predict allograft outcome? Ren Fail 2021; 43:1240-1249. [PMID: 34433378 PMCID: PMC8405090 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1969246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia is common after renal transplantation, especially in those receiving calcineurin inhibitors. Little, however, is known about the relationship between uric acid (UA) levels and allograft outcome. Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis (N = 368) in order to assess UA blood levels post-transplant association with allograft outcome. For this study, a median serum UA level of all measured UA levels from 1 month to 1 year post renal transplantation was calculated. Results Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the median UA level measured between 1 and 12 months post-transplant. Those with median UA level ≥ 7 and ≥ 6 mg/dL (N = 164) versus median UA level < 7 and < 6 mg/dL for men and women respectively (N = 204) had lower GFR values at 1, 3 and 5 years posttransplant (mean GFR ± SD of 43.4 ± 20.6 and 58 ± 19.9 at 3 years post-transplant, p < 0.001). In multivariate models, UA levels were no longer significantly associated with renal allograft function. In a multivariate cox proportional hazard model, UA level was found to be independently associated with increased risk for death-censored graft loss (HR of 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7, p < 0.05 for every increase of 1 mg/dL in UA level). Conclusion Hyperuricemia was found to be associated with increased death- censored graft loss but not with allograft function. Increased UA levels were not found to be an independent predictor of long-term allograft function despite the known association of hyperuricemia with the progression of cardiovascular and renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Isakov
- Department of Internal Medicine "T", Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bhanu K Patibandla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Doron Shwartz
- Department of Nephrology, Souraski Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kenneth B Christopher
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy Hod
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Vallant N, Wolfhagen N, Sandhu B, Hamaoui K, Cook T, Pusey C, Papalois V. A Comparison of Pulsatile Hypothermic and Normothermic Ex Vivo Machine Perfusion in a Porcine Kidney Model. Transplantation 2021; 105:1760-1770. [PMID: 33560723 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is a well-established method for deceased donor kidney preservation. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) might offer similar or greater advantages. We compared the 2 methods in an ex vivo perfusion model using 34 porcine kidneys. METHODS Thirty kidneys were stored on ice for 24 h before undergoing 4 h of HMP (n = 15) or NMP (n = 15) followed by 2 h of normothermic ex vivo reperfusion with whole blood. Four kidneys underwent 28 h of cold static storage followed by 2 h of normothermic ex vivo reperfusion. During the 2 h of normothermic ex vivo reperfusion, perfusate flow rates, urinary output, and oxygen consumption rates were compared between all groups. RESULTS Porcine kidneys after HMP showed significantly higher urinary output (5.31 ± 2.06 versus 2.44 ± 1.19 mL/min; P = 0.002), oxygen consumption (22.71 ± 6.27 versus 11.83 ± 1.29 mL/min; P = 0.0016), and perfusate flow rates (46.24 ± 12.49 versus 26.16 ± 4.57 mL/min; P = 0.0051) than kidneys after NMP. TUNEL staining of tissue sections showed significantly higher rates of apoptosis in kidneys after NMP (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS In our study, the direct comparison of HMP and NMP kidney perfusion in a translational model demonstrated superiority of HMP; however, further in vivo studies would be needed to validate those results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Vallant
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nienke Wolfhagen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bynvant Sandhu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Hamaoui
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terence Cook
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Pusey
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilios Papalois
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Urinary Carnosinase-1 Excretion is Associated with Urinary Carnosine Depletion and Risk of Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results of the TransplantLines Cohort Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071102. [PMID: 34356335 PMCID: PMC8301129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine affords protection against oxidative and carbonyl stress, yet high concentrations of the carnosinase-1 enzyme may limit this. We recently reported that high urinary carnosinase-1 is associated with kidney function decline and albuminuria in patients with chronic kidney disease. We prospectively investigated whether urinary carnosinase-1 is associated with a high risk for development of late graft failure in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Carnosine and carnosinase-1 were measured in 24 h urine in a longitudinal cohort of 703 stable KTRs and 257 healthy controls. Cox regression was used to analyze the prospective data. Urinary carnosine excretions were significantly decreased in KTRs (26.5 [IQR 21.4–33.3] µmol/24 h versus 34.8 [IQR 25.6–46.8] µmol/24 h; p < 0.001). In KTRs, high urinary carnosinase-1 concentrations were associated with increased risk of undetectable urinary carnosine (OR 1.24, 95%CI [1.06–1.45]; p = 0.007). During median follow-up for 5.3 [4.5–6.0] years, 84 (12%) KTRs developed graft failure. In Cox regression analyses, high urinary carnosinase-1 excretions were associated with increased risk of graft failure (HR 1.73, 95%CI [1.44–2.08]; p < 0.001) independent of potential confounders. Since urinary carnosine is depleted and urinary carnosinase-1 imparts a higher risk for graft failure in KTRs, future studies determining the potential of carnosine supplementation in these patients are warranted.
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Fu Q, Agarwal D, Deng K, Matheson R, Yang H, Wei L, Ran Q, Deng S, Markmann JF. An Unbiased Machine Learning Exploration Reveals Gene Sets Predictive of Allograft Tolerance After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695806. [PMID: 34305931 PMCID: PMC8297499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts at finding potential biomarkers of tolerance after kidney transplantation have been hindered by limited sample size, as well as the complicated mechanisms underlying tolerance and the potential risk of rejection after immunosuppressant withdrawal. In this work, three different publicly available genome-wide expression data sets of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) from 63 tolerant patients were used to compare 14 different machine learning models for their ability to predict spontaneous kidney graft tolerance. We found that the Best Subset Selection (BSS) regression approach was the most powerful with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 93.8% in the test group, and a specificity of 86.1% and a sensitivity of 80% in the validation group. A feature set with five genes (HLA-DOA, TCL1A, EBF1, CD79B, and PNOC) was identified using the BSS model. EBF1 downregulation was also an independent factor predictive of graft rejection and graft loss. An AUC value of 84.4% was achieved using the two-gene signature (EBF1 and HLA-DOA) as an input to our classifier. Overall, our systematic machine learning exploration suggests novel biological targets that might affect tolerance to renal allografts, and provides clinical insights that can potentially guide patient selection for immunosuppressant withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Divyansh Agarwal
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Deng
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rudy Matheson
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hongji Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Ran
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - James F Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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36
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Deng J, Lu Y, He L, Ou J, Xie H. A comparison of mycophenolate mofetil and calcineurin inhibitor as maintenance immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1080-1091. [PMID: 33356028 PMCID: PMC8283438 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1910-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the comparison and its timing between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) as maintenance immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients. Materials and methods The RCTs of MMF versus CNI as maintenance immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT), and ClinicalTrials.gov. After screening relevant RCTs, two authors independently assessed the quality of included studies and performed a meta-analysis using RevMan5.3. Relative risk (RR) was used to report dichotomous data, while mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to report continuous outcomes. The analysis was conducted using the random-effect model due to the expected heterogeneity among different studies. Four subgroups were allocated to compare MMF with CNI as maintenance immunosuppression: (1) after 3 months of CNI-based therapy, (2) after 6 months of CNI-based therapy, (3) after 12 months of CNI-based therapy, and (4) in recipients with allograft dysfunction. Results Twelve RCTs with 950 renal transplant recipients were included. This meta-analysis presented the following results upon comparison between MMF and CNI as maintenance immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients: (1) MMF significantly improved the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) not only in the comparison performed after 3, 6, or 12 months of CNI-based therapy but also in the comparison of recipients with allograft dysfunction, (2) MMF may increase the risk of acute rejection in the comparison performed after 3 months of CNI-based therapy, but no increase was noted in the comparison performed after 6 or 12 months of CNI-based therapy. Conclusion Our present meta-analysis suggested that MMF followed at least 6 months of CNI-based therapy is an effective maintenance immunosuppressive regimen for kidney transplant recipients to improve renal function but not increase rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Deng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Changsha, Hengyang, China
| | - Jihong Ou
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, the First Hospital of Changsha, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongping Xie
- Department of Health Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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TCL1A, B Cell Regulation and Tolerance in Renal Transplantation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061367. [PMID: 34206047 PMCID: PMC8230170 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in the management of kidney transplantation, the need for life-long immunosuppressive therapies remains a major issue representing many risks for patients. Operational tolerance, defined as allograft acceptance without immunosuppression, has logically been subject to many investigations with the aim of a better understanding of post-transplantation mechanisms and potentially how it would be induced in patients. Among proposed biomarkers, T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A) has been observed as overexpressed in the peripheral blood of operational tolerant patients in several studies. TCL1A expression is restricted to early B cells, also increased in the blood of tolerant patients, and showing regulatory properties, notably through IL-10 secretion for some subsets. TCL1A has first been identified as an oncogene, overexpression of which is associated to the development of T and B cell cancer. TCL1A acts as a coactivator of the serine threonine kinase Akt and through other interactions favoring cell survival, growth, and proliferation. It has also been identified as interacting with others major actors involved in B cells differentiation and regulation, including IL-10 production. Herein, we reviewed known interactions and functions of TCL1A in B cells which could involve its potential role in the set up and maintenance of renal allograft tolerance.
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38
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Salehi T, Montarello NJ, Juneja N, Stokes MB, Scherer DJ, Williams KF, King D, Macaulay E, Russell CH, Olakkengil SA, Carroll RP, Faull RJ, Teo KS, McDonald SP, Worthley MI, Coates PT, Rao NN. Long-Term Impact of Arteriovenous Fistula Ligation on Cardiac Structure and Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A 5-Year Follow-Up Observational Cohort Study. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1141-1147. [PMID: 35368362 PMCID: PMC8786094 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000692021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The long-term effects of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) ligation on cardiovascular structure following kidney transplantation remain uncertain. A prospective randomized, controlled trial (RCT) examined the effect of AVF ligation at 6 months on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)-derived parameters in 27 kidney transplant recipients compared with 27 controls. A mean decrease in left ventricular mass (LVM) of 22.1 g (95% CI, 15.0 to 29.1) was observed compared with an increase of 1.2 g (95% CI, -4.8 to 7.2) in the control group (P<0.001). We conducted a long-term follow-up observational cohort study in the treated cohort to determine the evolution of CMR-derived parameters compared with those documented at 6 months post-AVF ligation. Methods We performed CMR at long-term follow-up in the AVF ligation observational cohort from our original RCT published in 2019. Results were compared with CMR at 6 months postintervention. The coprimary end point was the change in CMR-derived LVM and LVM index at long-term follow-up from imaging at 6 months postindex procedure. Results At a median of 5.1 years (interquartile range, 4.7-5.5 years), 17 patients in the AVF ligation group were studied with repeat CMR with a median duration to follow-up imaging of 5.1 years (IQR, 4.7-5.5 years). Statistically significant further reductions in LVM (-17.6±23.0 g, P=0.006) and LVM index (-10.0±13.0 g/m2, P=0.006) were documented. Conclusions The benefit of AVF ligation on LVM and LVM index regression appears to persist long term. This has the potential to lead to a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Salehi
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Montarello
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nishant Juneja
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael B. Stokes
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Scherer
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerry F. Williams
- Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David King
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ewan Macaulay
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christine H. Russell
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Santosh A. Olakkengil
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert P. Carroll
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Randall J. Faull
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen S.L. Teo
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen P. McDonald
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew I. Worthley
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Department of Cardiology, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick T. Coates
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nitesh N. Rao
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Protocol for a pilot single-centre, parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial of dietary inulin to improve gut health in solid organ transplantation: the DIGEST study. BMJ Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8039234 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kidney transplantation remains the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease, however the requirement for indefinite immunosuppression increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and infection, leading to a reduction in long-term patient and graft survival. The gut microbiome is a critical determinant of health and modulates host immunity and metabolism through a number of recognised pathways, including through the production of immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Dietary supplementation with non-digestible fibre can augment the microbial production of SCFA and lead to favourable immune and metabolic outcomes, although this has yet to be shown in human kidney transplant recipients. Methods and analysis Dietary inulin for gut health in solid-organ transplantation (DIGEST) is a single-centre, unblinded, pilot parallel-arm randomised controlled trial designed to assess the feasibility and adherence of dietary inulin, a naturally occurring dietary fibre, in the early post-transplant period in kidney transplant recipients. Participants will be randomised at day 28 post-transplant to a 4-week period of dietary inulin (10–20 g/day) in addition to standard care, or standard care alone, and followed-up until week 12 post-transplant. The primary outcomes of the study are: (i) the feasibility of participant recruitment, randomisation and retention; (ii) adherence to the intervention (inulin) and (iii) the tolerability of inulin determined by changes in gastrointestinal symptoms as scored on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes include: (1) glycaemic variability determined by continuous glucose monitoring; (2) abundance of SCFA-producing microbiota, as determined by 16s rRNA sequencing of the faecal metagenome; (3) serum SCFA concentrations; (4) peripheral blood immune cell populations; (5) recipient inflammatory and metabolic profiles and (6) the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection and kidney function determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate. Ethics and dissemination All study visits, clinical and laboratory assessments will be integrated into usual post-transplant care, creating no additional healthcare encounters or procedures. The risks associated with this study are minor. Inulin has been shown to be well tolerated across a variety of cohorts, with the occurrence of short-term adverse gastrointestinal symptoms self-limiting. However, with gastrointestinal adverse events common following kidney transplantation, the tolerability of inulin in this cohort remains unknown. The results of DIGEST will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences. This study has been approved by the Sydney Local Health District’s Ethics Committee (Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Zone). Trial registration number ACTRN12620000623998.
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Zhang X, Gao H, Fu J, Lin F, Khaledi A. Overview on urinary tract infection, bacterial agents, and antibiotic resistance pattern in renal transplant recipients. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:26. [PMID: 34221055 PMCID: PMC8240543 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_286_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a mainly common infection in kidney transplant recipients. This study decided to investigate UTI, bacterial agents, and antibiotic resistance pattern in kidney transplant recipients from Iran. Materials and Methods: Search process was conducted for UTI, bacterial agents, and antibiotic resistance pattern in kidney transplant recipients from Iran via electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, etc.,) with Mesh terms in either Persian and English languages without limited time to May 31, 2020. Data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The combined prevalence of UTI in renal transplant recipients was reported by 31.1%. The combined prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria was 69%. The most common pathogens among Gram negatives were E. coli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae with frequency 43.4% and 13%, respectively. Subgroup analysis for Gram-positive bacteria showed the combined prevalence of 31%. The most common microorganism among Gram positives belonged to coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Enterococci with a prevalence of 10.2% and 9%, respectively. Subgroup meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance for Gram-negative showed the most resistance to cephalexin followed by carbenicillin with a prevalence of 89.1% and 87.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Our review showed a noticeable rate of UTI (31.1%) among renal transplant recipients in Iran and a high prevalence of Gram-negative (69%) and Gram-positive (13%) microorganisms. A high resistance rate was seen against almost all antibiotics used for the treatment of UTI. Therefore, empirical prescription of antibiotics should be avoided, and it should be based on data obtained from antibiogram tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Azad Khaledi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Luo X, Zhang J, Zou S, Wang X, Chen G, Li Z, Li K, Wang M, Chen Z, Ming C, Zhu X, Gong N. Bone Fragment Co-transplantation Alongside Bone Marrow Aspirate Infusion Protects Kidney Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630710. [PMID: 33643315 PMCID: PMC7904687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of non-vascularized bone grafting and bone marrow aspirate infusion in transplantation may provide clinical benefit. Here we have incorporated bone fragment co-transplantation and bone marrow aspirate infusion (BF-BM) into living kidney transplantation (LKT). Twenty LKT recipients receiving bone fragments and bone marrow aspirates donated from their corresponding donors were enrolled into a retrospective study. A contemporaneous control group was formed of 38 out of 128 conventional LKT recipients, selected using propensity score matching by a 1:2 Greedy algorithm. Ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US/CEUS) and SPECT/CT showed that the co-transplanted bone fragments remained viable for 6 months, subsequently shrank, and finally degenerated 10 months post-transplantation. BF-BM resulted in earlier kidney recovery and more robust long-term kidney function. Throughout 5 years of follow-up, BF-BM had regulatory effects on dendritic cells (DCs), T helper (Th1/Th2) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both alloantigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and panel reactive antibody levels were negative in all recipients with or without BF-BM. In addition, the BF-BM group experienced few complications during the 5-year follow-up (as did the donors)—this was not different from the controls. In conclusion, BF-BM is safe and benefits recipients by protecting the kidney and regulating the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhang Luo
- Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Medical College, The Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Medical College, The Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijuan Zou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Medical College, The Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyan Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Medical College, The Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Medical College, The Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changshen Ming
- Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Medical College, The Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Key Laboratory of the National Health Commission, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Medical College, The Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Koh SM, Ju MK, Huh KH, Kim YS, Kim MS. Serum creatinine level at 1-month posttransplant can independently predict long-term graft survival and functional status. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2020; 34:244-248. [PMID: 35770111 PMCID: PMC9187034 DOI: 10.4285/kjt.20.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After the year 2000, kidney transplants with high immunologic risk and deceased donors increased rapidly in Korea. At the same time, the medical community developed special pretransplant and early posttransplantation management protocols. Our team evaluated the effect of early graft stabilization on long-term graft survival and functional status using databases from a high-volume kidney transplantation center. Methods We included 1,895 kidney transplant patients from a total of 1,976 performed between 2005 and 2018. Early graft failure within 1 month (n=9), loss to follow-up (n=2), pediatric recipient or donor (n=37), and combined organ transplantation (n=33) cases were excluded. We grouped the cases at 1-month posttransplantation by serum creatinine quantiles (1.0 mg%, 1.23 mg%, and 1.52 mg%). Results After an average of 95 months of follow-up (maximum 189 months), the high-serum creatinine group (4th quantile) showed significantly poorer graft survival than other groups (1st to 3rd quantile) (P<0.05). In multiple Cox regression analysis, a high serum creatinine level (4th quantile) at 1-month posttransplant is an independent risk factor for graft failure with a hazard ratio of 1.799 (P=0.013). The quantile group by serum creatinine shows a persistent, significant difference of functional graft status (glomerular filtration rate by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease method) among quantile groups beyond ten years posttransplant. Conclusions Serum creatinine level at 1-month posttransplant is a strong independent predictor of graft survival and functional graft status beyond ten years posttransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Koh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ki Ju
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Suen Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Roemhild A, Otto NM, Moll G, Abou-El-Enein M, Kaiser D, Bold G, Schachtner T, Choi M, Oellinger R, Landwehr-Kenzel S, Juerchott K, Sawitzki B, Giesler C, Sefrin A, Beier C, Wagner DL, Schlickeiser S, Streitz M, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Amini L, Stervbo U, Babel N, Volk HD, Reinke P. Regulatory T cells for minimising immune suppression in kidney transplantation: phase I/IIa clinical trial. BMJ 2020; 371:m3734. [PMID: 33087345 PMCID: PMC7576328 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether reshaping of the immune balance by infusion of autologous natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) in patients after kidney transplantation is safe, feasible, and enables the tapering of lifelong high dose immunosuppression, with its limited efficacy, adverse effects, and high direct and indirect costs, along with addressing several key challenges of nTreg treatment, such as easy and robust manufacturing, danger of over immunosuppression, interaction with standard care drugs, and functional stability in an inflammatory environment in a useful proof-of-concept disease model. DESIGN Investigator initiated, monocentre, nTreg dose escalation, phase I/IIa clinical trial (ONEnTreg13). SETTING Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany, within the ONE study consortium (funded by the European Union). PARTICIPANTS Recipients of living donor kidney transplant (ONEnTreg13, n=11) and corresponding reference group trial (ONErgt11-CHA, n=9). INTERVENTIONS CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ nTreg products were given seven days after kidney transplantation as one intravenous dose of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.5-3.0×106 cells/kg body weight, with subsequent stepwise tapering of triple immunosuppression to low dose tacrolimus monotherapy until week 48. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary clinical and safety endpoints were assessed by a composite endpoint at week 60 with further three year follow-up. The assessment included incidence of biopsy confirmed acute rejection, assessment of nTreg infusion related adverse effects, and signs of over immunosuppression. Secondary endpoints addressed allograft functions. Accompanying research included a comprehensive exploratory biomarker portfolio. RESULTS For all patients, nTreg products with sufficient yield, purity, and functionality could be generated from 40-50 mL of peripheral blood taken two weeks before kidney transplantation. None of the three nTreg dose escalation groups had dose limiting toxicity. The nTreg and reference groups had 100% three year allograft survival and similar clinical and safety profiles. Stable monotherapy immunosuppression was achieved in eight of 11 (73%) patients receiving nTregs, while the reference group remained on standard dual or triple drug immunosuppression (P=0.002). Mechanistically, the activation of conventional T cells was reduced and nTregs shifted in vivo from a polyclonal to an oligoclonal T cell receptor repertoire. CONCLUSIONS The application of autologous nTregs was safe and feasible even in patients who had a kidney transplant and were immunosuppressed. These results warrant further evaluation of Treg efficacy and serve as the basis for the development of next generation nTreg approaches in transplantation and any immunopathologies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02371434 (ONEnTreg13) and EudraCT:2011-004301-24 (ONErgt11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Roemhild
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Maureen Otto
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Abou-El-Enein
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gantuja Bold
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schachtner
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mira Choi
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Oellinger
- Department of Abdominal and Transplant Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Juerchott
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cordula Giesler
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anett Sefrin
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola Beier
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Laurin Wagner
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila Amini
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Medical Department 1, University hospitals of the Ruhr University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Department 1, University hospitals of the Ruhr University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Centre for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ciancio G, Gaynor JJ, Guerra G, Roth D, Chen L, Kupin W, Mattiazzi A, Ortigosa-Goggins M, Moni L, Burke GW. Randomized trial of 3 maintenance regimens (TAC/SRL vs. TAC/MMF vs. CSA/SRL) with low-dose corticosteroids in primary kidney transplantation: 18-year results. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e14123. [PMID: 33070366 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A randomized trial of 150 primary kidney transplant recipients, initiated in May 2000, compared tacrolimus (TAC)/sirolimus (SRL) vs. TAC/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) vs. cyclosporine microemulsion (CSA)/SRL (N = 50/group). All patients received daclizumab induction and maintenance corticosteroids. With current median follow-up of 18 years post-transplant, biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) occurred less often in TAC/MMF (26% (13/50)), vs. the TAC/SRL (36% (18/50)) and CSA/SRL (34% (17/50)) arms combined (p = .23), with statistical significance favoring TAC/MMF (p = .05) after controlling for the multivariable (Cox model) effects of recipient age, recipient race/ethnicity, and donor age. First BPAR rate was clearly more favorable for TAC/MMF after stratifying patients by having 0-1 (N = 72) vs. 2-3 (N = 78) unfavorable baseline characteristics (recipient age <50 years, African American or Hispanic recipient, and donor age ≥50 years) (p = .02). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), using the CKD-EPI formula, was consistently higher for TAC/MMF, particularly after controlling for the multivariable effect of donor age, throughout the first 96 months post-transplant (p ≤ .008). These differences were translated into an observed more favorable graft failure due to immunologic cause (CAI/TG) rate for TAC/MMF (p = .06), although no significant differences in overall death-uncensored graft loss were observed. Previously reported significantly higher study drug discontinuation and requirement for antilipid therapy rates in the SRL-assigned arms were maintained over time. Overall, these results at 18 years post-transplant more definitively show that TAC/MMF should be the gold standard for achieving optimal, long-term maintenance immunosuppression in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Ciancio
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,The Lillian Jean Kaplan Renal Transplant Center of the Division of Transplantation, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Gaynor
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,The Lillian Jean Kaplan Renal Transplant Center of the Division of Transplantation, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Giselle Guerra
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David Roth
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Linda Chen
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,The Lillian Jean Kaplan Renal Transplant Center of the Division of Transplantation, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Warren Kupin
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adela Mattiazzi
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariella Ortigosa-Goggins
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lissett Moni
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,The Lillian Jean Kaplan Renal Transplant Center of the Division of Transplantation, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - George W Burke
- Miami Transplant Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,The Lillian Jean Kaplan Renal Transplant Center of the Division of Transplantation, The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Late Graft Loss After Kidney Transplantation: Is "Death With Function" Really Death With a Functioning Allograft? Transplantation 2020; 104:1483-1490. [PMID: 31568212 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About half of late kidney allograft losses are attributed to death with function (DWF), a poorly characterized outcome. An ongoing question is whether DWF is a consequence of chronic allograft dysfunction. Using the prospective Long-term Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function study database, we sought to better define the impact, phenotype, and clinical course of DWF in the current era. METHODS Three thousand five hundred eighty-seven kidney recipients with functional grafts at 90 days post-transplant were followed prospectively for a median of 5.2 years. RESULTS Characteristics at transplantation in those with DWF (N = 350, 9.8%) differed from those who otherwise lost their grafts (death-censored graft failure [DC-GF], N = 295, 8.2%) or maintained function (N = 2942, 82.0%); DWF patients were older, sicker, and had been on dialysis longer, with more preexisting cardiovascular disease, whereas DC-GF patients experienced more early rejection, more acute rejection after 90 days, and a clinically significant decrease in kidney function before graft failure. In contrast, the clinical course after transplantation in DWF patients did not differ before death from those who maintained function throughout. CONCLUSIONS DWF and DC-GF in kidney transplant recipients represent differing clinical phenotypes occurring in distinct patient populations. Reducing the impact of DWF requires better definition of causes and clinical course and then trials of therapies to improve outcomes. Composite endpoints in clinical trials that group DWF and DC-GF together may obscure important clinical findings.
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Isakov O, Ghinea R, Beckerman P, Mor E, Riella LV, Hod T. Early persistent hyperparathyroidism post-renal transplantation as a predictor of worse graft function and mortality after transplantation. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e14085. [PMID: 32949044 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is frequently seen after transplantation contributing to post-transplant complications. METHODS We conducted a retrospective single center analysis to explore the relationship of early pHPT and long-term allograft outcome. Patients were divided into high (N = 153) and low (N = 252) PTH groups based on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level 3 months post-transplant (PTH ≥ 150 and < 150 pg/mL, respectively). RESULTS High PTH was found to be an independent predictor for reduced kidney allograft function up to 3 years post-transplant. eGFR decreased by 11.4 mL/min (P < .001) and the odds of having an eGFR < 60 mL/min 3 years post-transplant were sixfold higher (P < .01) in the high compared to the low PTH group. Subgroup analysis based on eGFR 1 year post-transplant, presence of slow graft function (SGF), and transplant type revealed similar results. High PTH three months post-transplant was also independently associated with an increased risk for overall mortality and for death with a functioning graft (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS pHPT three months post-renal transplantation is an independent predictor for a worse allograft function up to 3 years post-transplant and a risk factor for mortality. This relationship remains statistically significant after accounting for baseline allograft function, presence of SGF and serum mineral levels abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Isakov
- Department of Internal Medicine "T", Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ghinea
- Department of Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Transplant Nephrology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pazit Beckerman
- Department of Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Transplant Nephrology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy Hod
- Transplant Nephrology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Onodera R, Nihei S, Kimura T, Tomita T, Kudo K. Severe proteinuria during the administration of bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6 in a colorectal cancer patient after kidney transplantation: a case report. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40780-020-00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bevacizumab (BEV) leads to proteinuria and renal damage. It is not clear whether the administration of immunosuppressive drugs after renal transplantation affects the safety of BEV administration. We report a case of severe proteinuria caused by BEV plus 5-fluorouracil, levofolinate, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) in a patient who had previously undergone kidney transplantation and the administration of tacrolimus.
Case presentation
The patient was a 67-year-old man with a history of diabetes and hypertension. He developed chronic renal failure 14 years earlier and underwent right kidney transplantation from a living donor followed by the administration of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil for immunosuppression. After kidney transplantation, the patient was diagnosed with colorectal cancer with multiple lung and liver metastases and received BEV plus mFOLFOX6. After 5 cycles, proteinuria was observed, with a urinary protein concentration of > 300 mg/dL (urine protein creatinine ratio: 3.5), and after 16 cycles, the urinary protein concentration was > 1000 mg/dL (urine protein creatinine ratio: 7.1). Subsequently, BEV was discontinued, and only mFOLFOX6 administration was continued. Tacrolimus continued to be administered during chemotherapy. There was no association between serum tacrolimus concentration and proteinuria.
Conclusions
In this case, BEV administration caused severe proteinuria without affecting blood levels of tacrolimus. Patients with risk factors for renal impairment should be carefully evaluated for the risks and benefits of BEV administration.
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Margeta I, Mareković I, Pešut A, Zelenika M, Dorotić M, Mrnjec I, Knotek M. Evaluation of cell-mediated immune response by QuantiFERON Monitor Assay in kidney transplant recipients presenting with infective complications. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21010. [PMID: 32629720 PMCID: PMC7337481 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The net level of immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients is difficult to assess. QuantiFERON Monitor (QFM) is an in vitro diagnostic test that detects interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release in peripheral blood. The aim of our study was to compare QFM testing results in stable kidney transplant recipients and kidney transplant recipients with infection, in a single-centre cohort.We enrolled 71 kidney transplant recipients from our transplantation centre. They were divided into 2 groups according to clinical presentation (Stable kidney transplant recipients or Infection).There were no significant differences in interferon-γ release between the 2 groups (Stable kidney transplant recipients 140.59 ± 215.28 IU/ml, Infection group 78.37 ± 197.03 IU/ml, P = .24). A further analysis revealed that kidney transplant recipients presenting with bacterial infection had significantly lower IFN-γ release when compared to stable kidney transplant recipients (26.52 ± 42.46 IU/ml vs 140.59 ± 215.28 IU/ml, P = .04).Kidney transplant recipients presenting with bacterial infection had lower IFN-γ release when compared to stable kidney transplant recipients. The QFM test may be useful as a tool to help guide immunosuppression dosing in kidney transplant recipients, but further studies are required to confirm its diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Margeta
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital “Merkur”
| | - Ivana Mareković
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Center
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Pešut
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Center
| | | | | | - Ivana Mrnjec
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital “Merkur”
| | - Mladen Knotek
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital “Merkur”
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Somaili M, Jeyakumar N, McArthur E, Ribic C, Sood MM, Harel Z, Molnar AO. Incidence of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Prescriptions in Kidney Transplant Recipients in Ontario, Canada. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:3144-3152. [PMID: 32402459 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are routinely excluded from direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) trials. Given the lack of safety and efficacy data in this population, we examined real-world prescribing practices of DOACs in KTRs. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data sets in Ontario, Canada. All adult KTRs (n = 5580) from June 23, 2009, to March 31, 2017, were included. The primary outcomes were the first prescription for a DOAC or warfarin. Patients were censored on graft failure, death, or end of follow-up. RESULTS The mean age was 55 (SD, 14) years; 63% were male, and 65% had received a deceased donor kidney. Over a median follow-up of 5.5 and 4.7 years, 224 KTRs (4.0%) and 824 KTRs (14.8%) were prescribed DOACs and warfarin, respectively. The rates of DOAC and warfarin prescriptions were 8.1 and 32.6 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Older age, receipt of a kidney transplant in more recent years, and higher baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate were associated with DOAC prescription compared with warfarin. Patients with multiple comorbidities and a history of deep venous thromboembolism had a lower risk of DOAC prescription compared with warfarin. When examined by era, the incidence rate of both DOAC and warfarin prescriptions increased significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited safety and efficacy data, DOACs are prescribed to KTRs. However, warfarin still remains more commonly prescribed in this selected patient population. Anticoagulant prescriptions overall are on the rise in KTRs. Further study is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of DOACs in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Somaili
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Christine Ribic
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manish M Sood
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ziv Harel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber O Molnar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Park JB. Future direction of immunosuppressive treatment in organ transplantation. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2020. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2020.63.5.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first success of kidney transplantation in 1954, significant advances have been achieved in the field of organ transplantation. It was possible with the introduction of immunosuppressive drugs belonging to the class of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, the advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the monitoring and management infections, and the highly sensitive and specific antibody detection techniques. Despite recent progress, we currently encounter the limitation of better long-term transplant outcomes mainly because of paradoxical CNI toxicity and failure to control antibody or antibody-mediated rejections. The future direction of immunosuppression can be continued by optimizing immunosuppressive regimens with currently available immunosuppressants for better control of antibodies while avoiding CNI toxicity and by using biological therapeutics such as costimulation blockade agents that provide effective control of antibodies along with a reduction in usage or avoidance of CNIs and may develop as new immunosuppressants in the near future. Moreover, a tolerance induction through transplantation of donor hematopoietic stem cells or an infusion of regulatory cells using various sources of immune cells can also be a promising strategy as it can fundamentally escape from the complications of immunosuppressants. Over and above, it is important to note that the results of clinically applicable immunosuppressants from research in the non-human primate xenotransplantation model at the forefront of the future development of immunosuppressants can be a good opportunity to selectively apply to allo-transplants. No immunosuppressants can be risk-free, and therefore, all new immunosuppressants should be evaluated under the considerations for the risk/benefit ratio in various clinical conditions.
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