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Tomaník L, Pugini M, Mudryk K, Thürmer S, Stemer D, Credidio B, Trinter F, Winter B, Slavíček P. Liquid-jet photoemission spectroscopy as a structural tool: site-specific acid-base chemistry of vitamin C. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19673-19684. [PMID: 38963770 PMCID: PMC11267885 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01521e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-jet photoemission spectroscopy (LJ-PES) directly probes the electronic structure of solutes and solvents. It also emerges as a novel tool to explore chemical structure in aqueous solutions, yet the scope of the approach has to be examined. Here, we present a pH-dependent liquid-jet photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). We combine core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, allowing us to site-specifically explore the acid-base chemistry of the biomolecule. For the first time, we demonstrate the capability of the method to simultaneously assign two deprotonation sites within the molecule. We show that a large change in chemical shift appears even for atoms distant several bonds from the chemically modified group. Furthermore, we present a highly efficient and accurate computational protocol based on a single structure using the maximum-overlap method for modeling core-level photoelectron spectra in aqueous environments. This work poses a broader question: to what extent can LJ-PES complement established structural techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance? Answering this question is highly relevant in view of the large number of incorrect molecular structures published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Tomaník
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michele Pugini
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karen Mudryk
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stephan Thürmer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dominik Stemer
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bruno Credidio
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Trinter
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernd Winter
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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Schewe HC, Muchová E, Belina M, Buttersack T, Stemer D, Seidel R, Thürmer S, Slavíček P, Winter B. Observation of intermolecular Coulombic decay and shake-up satellites in liquid ammonia. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:044901. [PMID: 35982825 PMCID: PMC9380002 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the first nitrogen 1s Auger-Meitner electron spectrum from a liquid ammonia microjet at a temperature of ∼223 K (-50 °C) and compare it with the simultaneously measured spectrum for gas-phase ammonia. The spectra from both phases are interpreted with the assistance of high-level electronic structure and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. In addition to the regular Auger-Meitner-electron features, we observe electron emission at kinetic energies of 374-388 eV, above the leading Auger-Meitner peak (3a1 2). Based on the electronic structure calculations, we assign this peak to a shake-up satellite in the gas phase, i.e., Auger-Meitner emission from an intermediate state with additional valence excitation present. The high-energy contribution is significantly enhanced in the liquid phase. We consider various mechanisms contributing to this feature. First, in analogy with other hydrogen-bonded liquids (noticeably water), the high-energy signal may be a signature for an ultrafast proton transfer taking place before the electronic decay (proton transfer mediated charge separation). The ab initio dynamical calculations show, however, that such a process is much slower than electronic decay and is, thus, very unlikely. Next, we consider a non-local version of the Auger-Meitner decay, the Intermolecular Coulombic Decay. The electronic structure calculations support an important contribution of this purely electronic mechanism. Finally, we discuss a non-local enhancement of the shake-up processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Christian Schewe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam.2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Belina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Tillmann Buttersack
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Stemer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Thürmer
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Mao B, Han Y, Yu Y, Liu Z. Ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123108. [PMID: 33379983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) has presented some advantages in elucidating the electronic structure of free molecules, liquids, and solids. To further extend the application of RAS in complex in situ environments, the ambient pressure system should be developed to characterize the gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces. In this paper, we describe the design and performance of an ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) system newly developed at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. This system is unique in that the ambient pressure soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) can be measured in Auger electron yield with kinetic energy (KE) resolved. We can obtain a mapping of the resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) in the near ambient pressure environment. This approach provides an additional dimension of information along the KE of Auger electrons to reveal details of the valence and unoccupied states at the vicinity of the absorption edge. Complementary to the photoemission spectroscopy that probes the core levels, in situ two-dimension mRAS characterization is useful in studying the electronic structure of complex interfaces of gas-solid and liquid-solid under realistic operating conditions. We herein present the in situ oxidation of Cu(111) in the ambient oxygen environment as demonstration of the mRAS capability. Specifically, resolving the Auger features gives valuable clues to the molecular level understanding of chemical bonding and the evolution of orbital hybridization. In addition, the mRAS results of spatial resolution and mbar range gas pressure are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Baohua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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4
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Jahnke T, Hergenhahn U, Winter B, Dörner R, Frühling U, Demekhin PV, Gokhberg K, Cederbaum LS, Ehresmann A, Knie A, Dreuw A. Interatomic and Intermolecular Coulombic Decay. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11295-11369. [PMID: 33035051 PMCID: PMC7596762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) is a nonlocal electronic decay mechanism occurring in weakly bound matter. In an ICD process, energy released by electronic relaxation of an excited atom or molecule leads to ionization of a neighboring one via Coulombic electron interactions. ICD has been predicted theoretically in the mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed experimentally approximately ten years later. Since then, a number of fundamental and applied aspects have been studied in this quickly growing field of research. This review provides an introduction to ICD and draws the connection to related energy transfer and ionization processes. The theoretical approaches for the description of ICD as well as the experimental techniques developed and employed for its investigation are described. The existing body of literature on experimental and theoretical studies of ICD processes in different atomic and molecular systems is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Jahnke
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Hergenhahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Wendelsteinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut
für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Frühling
- Institut
für Experimentalphysik and Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Kirill Gokhberg
- Physical-Chemistry
Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S. Cederbaum
- Physical-Chemistry
Institute, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institut
für Physik und CINSaT, Universität
Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary
Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls
University, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Mudryk KD, Seidel R, Winter B, Wilkinson I. The electronic structure of the aqueous permanganate ion: aqueous-phase energetics and molecular bonding studied using liquid jet photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20311-20330. [PMID: 32895669 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Permanganate aqueous solutions, MnO4-(aq.), were studied using liquid-micro-jet-based soft X-ray non-resonant and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy to determine valence and core-level binding energies. To identify possible differences in the energetics between the aqueous bulk and the solution-gas interface, non-resonant spectra were recorded at two different probing depths. Similar experiments were performed with different counter ions, Na+ and K+, with the two solutions yielding indistinguishable anion electron binding energies. Our resonant photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, performed near the Mn LII,III- and O K-edges, selectively probed valence charge distributions between the Mn metal center, O ligands, and first solvation shell in the aqueous bulk. Associated resonantly-enhanced solute ionisation signals revealed hybridisation of the solute constituents' atomic orbitals, including the inner valence Mn 3p and O 2s. We identified intermolecular coulombic decay relaxation processes following resonant X-ray excitation of the solute that highlight valence MnO4-(aq.)-H2O(l) electronic couplings. Furthermore, our results allowed us to infer oxidative reorganisation energies of MnO4˙(aq.) and adiabatic valence ionisation energies of MnO4-(aq.), revealing the Gibbs free energy of oxidation and permitting estimation of the vertical electron affinity of MnO4˙(aq.). Finally, the Gibbs free energy of hydration of isolated MnO4- was determined. Our results and analysis allowed a near-complete binding-energy-scaled MnO4-(aq.) molecular orbital and a valence energy level diagram to be produced for the MnO4-(aq.)/MnO4˙(aq.) system. Cumulatively, our mapping of the aqueous-phase electronic structure of MnO4- is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the exceptional redox properties of this widely applied aqueous transition-metal complex ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Mudryk
- Locally-Sensitive & Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Operando Interfacial Photochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Fachbereich Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- Locally-Sensitive & Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Saak CM, Unger I, Gopakumar G, Caleman C, Björneholm O. Temperature Dependence of X-ray-Induced Auger Processes in Liquid Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2497-2501. [PMID: 32142279 PMCID: PMC7343277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Auger
spectroscopy has previously been used to study changes in
the hydrogen bond network in liquid water, but to the best of our
knowledge it has not been used to track such changes as a function
of temperature. We show Auger spectroscopy to reflect the weakening
of the hydrogen bond network upon heating. This shows that the radiation
response of water, i.e., the relative propensity of the different
processes occurring after radiation exposure, including femtosecond
proton dynamics, depends on the temperature of the system. This proof-of-principle
study further demonstrates the suitability of the technique to help
elucidate information on the intermolecular structure of liquids such
as water, opening the door to further temperature-dependent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara-Magdalena Saak
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Isaak Unger
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geethanjali Gopakumar
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Caleman
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department for Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Perry CF, Zhang P, Nunes FB, Jordan I, von Conta A, Wörner HJ. Ionization Energy of Liquid Water Revisited. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1789-1794. [PMID: 31977222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ionization energy of liquid water is one of its most fundamental properties, an important benchmark for first-principles electronic-structure calculations and a crucial reference in the growing field of liquid-phase photoelectron spectroscopy. Despite this significance, a consensus on its value appears to be missing in the literature. Therefore, we use a monochromatized high-harmonic light source to perform detailed measurements of the ionization energy of liquid water in the presence of a tunable bias voltage applied to the liquid jet. Our results suggest that this simple method is sufficient to simultaneously compensate the effects of the streaming potential and that of the vacuum-level offset between the liquid and the photoelectron spectrometer. Our measurements yield corrected values of the vertical and adiabatic ionization energies of the 1b1 band of bulk liquid water of 11.67(15) and 10.12(15) eV, respectively. Our method is broadly applicable and is likely to result in corrections to the measured ionization energies of solvated species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conaill F Perry
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda B Nunes
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inga Jordan
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron von Conta
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich,Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Fogarty RM, Palgrave RG, Bourne RA, Handrup K, Villar-Garcia IJ, Payne DJ, Hunt PA, Lovelock KRJ. Electron spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experimental identification of atomic orbital contributions to valence electronic structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18893-18910. [PMID: 31441923 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atomic contributions to valence electronic structure for 37 ionic liquids (ILs) are identified using a combination of variable photon energy XPS, resonant Auger electron spectroscopy (RAES) and a subtraction method. The ILs studied include a diverse range of cationic and anionic structural moieties. We introduce a new parameter for ILs, the energy difference between the energies of the cationic and anionic highest occupied fragment orbitals (HOFOs), which we use to identify the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The anion gave rise to the HOMO for 25 of the 37 ILs studied here. For 10 of the ILs, the energies of the cationic and anionic HOFOs were the same (within experimental error); therefore, it could not be determined whether the HOMO was from the cation or the anion. For two of the ILs, the HOMO was from the cation and not from the anion; consequently it is energetically more favourable to remove an electron from the cation than the anion for these two ILs. In addition, we used a combination of area normalisation and subtraction of XP spectra to produce what are effectively XP spectra for individual ions; this was achieved for 10 cations and 14 anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, Schools of Chemistry and Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK
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9
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Tenório BN, de Moura CE, Oliveira RR, Rocha AB. Transitions energies, optical oscillator strengths and partial potential energy surfaces of inner-shell states of water clusters. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Buch T, Scifoni E, Krämer M, Durante M, Scholz M, Friedrich T. Modeling Radiation Effects of Ultrasoft X Rays on the Basis of Amorphous Track Structure. Radiat Res 2017; 189:32-43. [PMID: 29073360 DOI: 10.1667/rr14653.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is experimental evidence that ultrasoft X rays (0.1-5 keV) show a higher biological effectiveness than high-energy photons. Similar to high-LET radiation, this is attributed to a rather localized dose distribution associated with a considerably smaller range of secondary electrons, which results in an increasing yield of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and potentially more complex lesions. We previously reported on the application of the Giant LOop Binary LEsion (GLOBLE) model to ultrasoft X rays, in which experimental values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for DSB induction were used to show that this increasing DSB yield was sufficient to explain the enhanced effectiveness in the cell inactivation potential of ultrasoft X rays. Complementary to GLOBLE, we report here on a modeling approach to predict the increased DSB yield of ultrasoft X rays on the basis of amorphous track structure formed by secondary electrons, which was derived from Monte Carlo track structure simulations. This procedure is associated with increased production of single-strand break (SSB) clusters, which are caused by the highly localized energy deposition pattern induced by low-energy photons. From this, the RBE of ultrasoft X rays can be determined and compared to experimental data, showing that the inhomogeneity of the energy deposition pattern represents the key variable to describe the increased biological effectiveness of ultrasoft X rays. Thus, this work demonstrates an extended applicability of the amorphous track structure concept and tests its limits with respect to its predictive power. The employed model mechanism offers a possible explanation for how the cellular response to ultrasoft X rays is directly linked to the energy deposition properties on the nanometric scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Buch
- a GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany.,b Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- c Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento, Italy
| | - Michael Krämer
- a GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- c Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento, Italy
| | - Michael Scholz
- a GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- a GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Department of Biophysics, Darmstadt, Germany
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11
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Yulaev A, Guo H, Strelcov E, Chen L, Vlassiouk I, Kolmakov A. Graphene Microcapsule Arrays for Combinatorial Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy in Liquids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26492-26502. [PMID: 28447785 PMCID: PMC5639728 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale thickness, molecular impermeability, low atomic number, and mechanical strength make graphene an ideal electron-transparent membrane for material characterization in liquids and gases with scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Here, we present a novel sample platform made of an array of thousands of identical isolated graphene-capped microchannels with high aspect ratio. A combination of a global wide field of view with high resolution local imaging of the array allows for high throughput in situ studies as well as for combinatorial screening of solutions, liquid interfaces, and immersed samples. We demonstrate the capabilities of this platform by studying a pure water sample in comparison with alkali halide solutions, a model electrochemical plating process, and beam-induced crystal growth in liquid electrolyte. Spectroscopic characterization of liquid interfaces and immersed objects with Auger and X-ray fluorescence analysis through the graphene membrane are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yulaev
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hongxuan Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Evgheni Strelcov
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ivan Vlassiouk
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Andrei Kolmakov
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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12
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Hans A, Ozga C, Seidel R, Schmidt P, Ueltzhöffer T, Holzapfel X, Wenzel P, Reiß P, Pohl MN, Unger I, Aziz EF, Ehresmann A, Slavíček P, Winter B, Knie A. Optical Fluorescence Detected from X-ray Irradiated Liquid Water. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:2326-2330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hans
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Christian Ozga
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Methods for Material Development, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schmidt
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Timo Ueltzhöffer
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Xaver Holzapfel
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Philipp Reiß
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Marvin N. Pohl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Methods for Material Development, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaak Unger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Methods for Material Development, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bernd Winter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Methods for Material Development, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Knie
- University of Kassel and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
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13
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Kryzhevoi NV. Microhydration of LiOH: Insight from electronic decays of core-ionized states. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244302. [PMID: 27369510 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We compute and compare the autoionization spectra of a core-ionized LiOH molecule both in its isolated and microhydrated states. Stepwise microhydration of LiOH leads to gradual elongation of the Li-OH bond length and finally to molecular dissociation. The accompanying changes in the local environment of the OH(-) and Li(+) counterions are reflected in the computed O 1s and Li 1s spectra. The role of solvent water molecules and the counterion in the spectral shape formation is assessed. Electronic decays of the microhydrated LiOH are found to be mostly intermolecular since the majority of the populated final states have at least one outer-valence vacancy outside the initially core-ionized ion, mainly on a neighboring water molecule. The charge delocalization occurs through the intermolecular Coulombic and electron transfer mediated decays. Both mechanisms are highly efficient that is partly attributed to hybridization of molecular orbitals. The computed spectral shapes are sensitive to the counterion separation as well as to the number and arrangement of solvent molecules. These sensitivities can be used for studying the local hydration structure of solvated ions in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Kryzhevoi
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Seidel R, Atak K, Thürmer S, Aziz EF, Winter B. Ti3+ Aqueous Solution: Hybridization and Electronic Relaxation Probed by State-Dependent Electron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Seidel
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaan Atak
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Thürmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Institute
of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Pietzsch A, Hennies F, Miedema PS, Kennedy B, Schlappa J, Schmitt T, Strocov VN, Föhlisch A. Snapshots of the fluctuating hydrogen bond network in liquid water on the sub-femtosecond timescale with vibrational resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:088302. [PMID: 25768783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.088302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Liquid water molecules interact strongly with each other, forming a fluctuating hydrogen bond network and thereby giving rise to the anomalous phase diagram of liquid water. Consequently, symmetric and asymmetric water molecules have been found in the picosecond time average with IR and optical Raman spectroscopy. With subnatural linewidth resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at vibrational resolution, we take sub-femtosecond snapshots of the electronic and structural properties of water molecules in the hydrogen bond network. We derive a strong dominance of nonsymmetric molecules in liquid water in contrast to the gas phase on the sub-femtosecond timescale of RIXS and determine the fraction of highly asymmetrically distorted molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Hennies
- MAX IV Laboratory, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Schlappa
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Schmitt
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V N Strocov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Kothe A, Wilke M, Moguilevski A, Engel N, Winter B, Kiyan IY, Aziz EF. Reply to the ‘Comment on “Charge Transfer to Solvent Dynamics in Iodide Aqueous Solution Studied at Ionization Threshold”’ by A. Lübcke and H.-H. Ritze, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, DOI: 10.1039/C5CP00346F. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following multiphoton excitation above the vacuum threshold, the charge transfer dynamics involves the population of a transient intermediate state, |t〉.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kothe
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Martin Wilke
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Alexandre Moguilevski
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Nicholas Engel
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Igor Yu. Kiyan
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
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17
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Meibohm J, Schreck S, Wernet P. Temperature dependent soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquids. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:103102. [PMID: 25362366 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel sample holder is introduced which allows for temperature dependent soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquids in transmission mode. The setup is based on sample cells with x-ray transmissive silicon nitride windows. A cooling circuit allows for temperature regulation of the sample liquid between -10 °C and +50 °C. The setup enables to record soft x-ray absorption spectra of liquids in transmission mode with a temperature resolution of 0.5 K and better. Reliability and reproducibility of the spectra are demonstrated by investigating the characteristic temperature-induced changes in the oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum of liquid water. These are compared to the corresponding changes in the oxygen K-edge spectra from x-ray Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Meibohm
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schreck
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Schreck S, Pietzsch A, Kunnus K, Kennedy B, Quevedo W, Miedema PS, Wernet P, Föhlisch A. Dynamics of the OH group and the electronic structure of liquid alcohols. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2014; 1:054901. [PMID: 26798783 PMCID: PMC4711620 DOI: 10.1063/1.4897981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) from molecular and liquid systems, the interplay of ground state structural and core-excited state dynamical contributions leads to complex spectral shapes that partially allow for ambiguous interpretations. In this work, we dissect these contributions in oxygen K-edge RIXS from liquid alcohols. We use the scattering into the electronic ground state as an accurate measure of nuclear dynamics in the intermediate core-excited state of the RIXS process. We determine the characteristic time in the core-excited state until nuclear dynamics give a measurable contribution to the RIXS spectral profiles to τ dyn = 1.2 ± 0.8 fs. By detuning the excitation energy below the absorption resonance we reduce the effective scattering time below τ dyn, and hence suppress these dynamical contributions to a minimum. From the corresponding RIXS spectra of liquid methanol, we retrieve the "dynamic-free" density of states and find that it is described solely by the electronic states of the free methanol molecule. From this and from the comparison of normal and deuterated methanol, we conclude that the split peak structure found in the lone-pair emission region at non-resonant excitation originates from dynamics in the O-H bond in the core-excited state. We find no evidence that this split peak feature is a signature of distinct ground state structural complexes in liquid methanol. However, we demonstrate how changes in the hydrogen bond coordination within the series of linear alcohols from methanol to hexanol affect the split peak structure in the liquid alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | | | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Piter S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
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19
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Nishizawa K, Ohshimo K, Suzuki T. Vacuum Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Liquid Beams Using a Hemispherical Photoelectron Spectrometer with a Multistage Differential Pumping System. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Thürmer S, Ončák M, Ottosson N, Seidel R, Hergenhahn U, Bradforth SE, Slavíček P, Winter B. On the nature and origin of dicationic, charge-separated species formed in liquid water on X-ray irradiation. Nat Chem 2013; 5:590-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Ottosson N, Öhrwall G, Björneholm O. Ultrafast charge delocalization dynamics in aqueous electrolytes: New insights from Auger electron spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Suzuki T. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of non-adiabatic electronic dynamics in gas and liquid phases. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.699346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Schreck S, Gavrila G, Weniger C, Wernet P. A sample holder for soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquids in transmission mode. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:103101. [PMID: 22047274 DOI: 10.1063/1.3644192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel sample holder for soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquids in transmission mode based on sample cells with x-ray transparent silicon nitride membranes is introduced. The sample holder allows for a reliable preparation of ultrathin liquid films with an adjustable thickness in the nm-μm range. This enables measurements of high quality x-ray absorption spectra of liquids in transmission mode, as will be shown for the example of liquid H(2)O, aqueous solutions of 3d-transition metal ions and alcohol-water mixtures. The fine structure of the x-ray absorption spectra is not affected by the sample thickness. No effects of the silicon nitride membranes were observed in the spectra. It is shown how an inhomogeneous thickness of the sample affects the spectra and how this can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreck
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Ottosson N, Odelius M, Spångberg D, Pokapanich W, Svanqvist M, Öhrwall G, Winter B, Björneholm O. Cations Strongly Reduce Electron-Hopping Rates in Aqueous Solutions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13489-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ja204100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ottosson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Odelius
- Fysikum, Albanova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Spångberg
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wandared Pokapanich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svanqvist
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Strasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Öhrwall
- MAX-lab, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bernd Winter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, and BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Shields RM, Temelso B, Archer KA, Morrell TE, Shields GC. Accurate predictions of water cluster formation, (H₂O)(n=2-10). J Phys Chem A 2011; 114:11725-37. [PMID: 20882961 DOI: 10.1021/jp104865w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient mixed molecular dynamics/quantum mechanics model has been applied to the water cluster system. The use of the MP2 method and correlation consistent basis sets, with appropriate correction for BSSE, allows for the accurate calculation of electronic and free energies for the formation of clusters of 2-10 water molecules. This approach reveals new low energy conformers for (H(2)O)(n=7,9,10). The water heptamer conformers comprise five different structural motifs ranging from a three-dimensional prism to a quasi-planar book structure. A prism-like structure is favored energetically at low temperatures, but a chair-like structure is the global Gibbs free energy minimum past 200 K. The water nonamers exhibit less complexity with all the low energy structures shaped like a prism. The decamer has 30 conformers that are within 2 kcal/mol of the Gibbs free energy minimum structure at 298 K. These structures are categorized into four conformer classes, and a pentagonal prism is the most stable structure from 0 to 320 K. Results can be used as benchmark values for empirical water models and density functionals, and the method can be applied to larger water clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Shields
- Dean's Office, College of Arts and Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
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26
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Öhrwall G, Ottosson N, Pokapanich W, Legendre S, Svensson S, Björneholm O. Charge Dependence of Solvent-Mediated Intermolecular Coster−Kronig Decay Dynamics of Aqueous Ions. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:17057-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108956v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Öhrwall
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N. Ottosson
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W. Pokapanich
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Legendre
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Svensson
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O. Björneholm
- MAX-lab, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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X-ray absorption spectra of nucleotides (AMP, GMP, and CMP) in liquid water solutions near the nitrogen K-edge. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Pylkkänen T, Giordano VM, Chervin JC, Sakko A, Hakala M, Soininen JA, Hämäläinen K, Monaco G, Huotari S. Role of non-hydrogen-bonded molecules in the oxygen K-edge spectrum of ice. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3804-8. [PMID: 20187617 DOI: 10.1021/jp912208v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the oxygen K-edge spectra of ices Ih, VI, VII, and VIII measured with X-ray Raman scattering. The pre-edge and main-edge contributions increase strongly with density, even though the hydrogen bond arrangements are very similar in these phases. While the near-edge spectral features in water and ice have often been linked to hydrogen bonding, we show that the spectral changes in the phases studied here can be quantitatively related to structural changes in the second coordination shell. Density-functional theory calculations reproduce the experimental results and support the conclusion. Our results suggest that non-hydrogen-bonded neighbors can have a significant effect also in the liquid water spectrum. We discuss the implications of the results for the actively debated interpretation of the liquid water spectrum in terms of local structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Pylkkänen
- Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Wikfeldt KT, Leetmaa M, Mace A, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM. Oxygen-oxygen correlations in liquid water: Addressing the discrepancy between diffraction and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure using a novel multiple-data set fitting technique. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:104513. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3330752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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30
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Ukai M, Yokoya A, Nonaka Y, Fujii K, Saitoh Y. Synchrotron radiation photoelectron studies for primary radiation effects using a liquid water jet in vacuum: Total and partial photoelectron yields for liquid water near the oxygen -edge. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Pokapanich W, Bergersen H, Bradeanu IL, Marinho RRT, Lindblad A, Legendre S, Rosso A, Svensson S, Björneholm O, Tchaplyguine M, Ohrwall G, Kryzhevoi NV, Cederbaum LS. Auger electron spectroscopy as a probe of the solution of aqueous ions. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7264-71. [PMID: 19432425 DOI: 10.1021/ja8096866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous potassium chloride has been studied by synchrotron-radiation excited core-level photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy. In the Auger spectrum of the potassium ion, the main feature comprises the final states where two outer valence holes are localized on potassium. This spectrum exhibits also another feature at a higher kinetic energy which is related to final states where outer valence holes reside on different subunits. Through ab initio calculations for microsolvated clusters, these subunits have been assigned as potassium ions and the surrounding water molecules. The situation is more complicated in the Auger spectrum of the chloride anion. One-center and multicenter final states are present here as well but overlap energetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandared Pokapanich
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Wikfeldt KT, Leetmaa M, Ljungberg MP, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM. On the Range of Water Structure Models Compatible with X-ray and Neutron Diffraction Data. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:6246-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9007619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kjartan T. Wikfeldt
- FYSIKUM, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309
| | - Mikael Leetmaa
- FYSIKUM, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309
| | - Mathias P. Ljungberg
- FYSIKUM, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309
| | - Anders Nilsson
- FYSIKUM, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309
| | - Lars G. M. Pettersson
- FYSIKUM, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309
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Elles CG, Rivera CA, Zhang Y, Pieniazek PA, Bradforth SE. Electronic structure of liquid water from polarization-dependent two-photon absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:084501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3078336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Brown MA, Faubel M, Winter B. X-Ray photo- and resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy studies of liquid water and aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b803023p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aziz EF, Ottosson N, Faubel M, Hertel IV, Winter B. Interaction between liquid water and hydroxide revealed by core-hole de-excitation. Nature 2008; 455:89-91. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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High resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy of liquid water: The observation of two structural motifs. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Winter B, Aziz EF, Ottosson N, Faubel M, Kosugi N, Hertel IV. Electron dynamics in charge-transfer-to-solvent states of aqueous chloride revealed by Cl- 2p resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7130-8. [PMID: 18461939 DOI: 10.1021/ja8009742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) excited states of aqueous chloride are studied by a novel experimental approach based on resonant inner-shell photoexcitation, Cl(-)aq 2p --> e(i), i = 1-4, which denotes a series of excitations to lowest and higher CTTS states. These states are clearly identified through the occurrence of characteristic spectator Auger decays to double Cl 3p valence-hole states, where the CTTS states can be more stabilized as compared to single Cl(-)aq 2p core excitations and optical valence excitations. Furthermore, we have found for the first time that the CTTS electron e(i) bound by a single Cl 2p hole not only behaves as a spectator e(i) --> e'(i), bound by a double valence-hole state before relaxation of the excited electron (i) itself, but also shows electron dynamics to the relaxed lowest state, e(i) --> e'(1*). This interpretation is supported by ab initio calculations. The key to performing photoelectron and Auger-electron spectroscopy studies from aqueous solutions is the use of a liquid microjet in ultrahigh vacuum in conjunction with synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Winter
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik and Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Nordlund D, Ogasawara H, Bluhm H, Takahashi O, Odelius M, Nagasono M, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Probing the electron delocalization in liquid water and ice at attosecond time scales. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:217406. [PMID: 18233257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.217406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We determine electron delocalization rates in liquid water and ice using core-hole decay spectroscopy. The hydrogen-bonded network delocalizes the electrons in less than 500 as. Broken or weak hydrogen bonds--in the liquid or at the surface of ice--provide states where the electron remains localized longer than 20 fs. These asymmetrically bonded water species provide electron traps, acting as a strong precursor channel to the hydrated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450 Stanford, California 94309, USA
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