1
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Thielemann-Kühn N, Amrhein T, Bronsch W, Jana S, Pontius N, Engel RY, Miedema PS, Legut D, Carva K, Atxitia U, van Kuiken BE, Teichmann M, Carley RE, Mercadier L, Yaroslavtsev A, Mercurio G, Le Guyader L, Agarwal N, Gort R, Scherz A, Dziarzhytski S, Brenner G, Pressacco F, Wang RP, Schunck JO, Sinha M, Beye M, Chiuzbăian GS, Oppeneer PM, Weinelt M, Schüßler-Langeheine C. Optical control of 4 f orbital state in rare-earth metals. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk9522. [PMID: 38630818 PMCID: PMC11023516 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A change of orbital state alters the coupling between ions and their surroundings drastically. Orbital excitations are hence key to understand and control interaction of ions. Rare-earth elements with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) are important ingredients for magnetic devices. Thus, control of their localized 4f magnetic moments and anisotropy is one major challenge in ultrafast spin physics. With time-resolved x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic scattering experiments, we show for Tb metal that 4f-electronic excitations out of the ground-state multiplet occur after optical pumping. These excitations are driven by inelastic 5d-4f-electron scattering, altering the 4f-orbital state and consequently the MCA with important implications for magnetization dynamics in 4f-metals and more general for the excitation of localized electronic states in correlated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Thielemann-Kühn
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Amrhein
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wibke Bronsch
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada statale 14 – km 163,5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Somnath Jana
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niko Pontius
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Y. Engel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Legut
- VSB - Technical University Ostrava, IT4Innovations, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, DCMP, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, CZ-121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Carva
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, DCMP, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Unai Atxitia
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Yaroslavtsev
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Naman Agarwal
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Rafael Gort
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Andres Scherz
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federico Pressacco
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ru-Pan Wang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Physics Department, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan O. Schunck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Physics Department, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mangalika Sinha
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gheorghe S. Chiuzbăian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement,75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter M. Oppeneer
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Weinelt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Engel RY, Alexander O, Atak K, Bovensiepen U, Buck J, Carley R, Cascella M, Chardonnet V, Chiuzbaian GS, David C, Döring F, Eschenlohr A, Gerasimova N, de Groot F, Guyader LL, Humphries OS, Izquierdo M, Jal E, Kubec A, Laarmann T, Lambert CH, Lüning J, Marangos JP, Mercadier L, Mercurio G, Miedema PS, Ollefs K, Pfau B, Rösner B, Rossnagel K, Rothenbach N, Scherz A, Schlappa J, Scholz M, Schunck JO, Setoodehnia K, Stamm C, Techert S, Vinko SM, Wende H, Yaroslavtsev AA, Yin Z, Beye M. Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser. Struct Dyn 2023; 10:054501. [PMID: 37841290 PMCID: PMC10576398 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-ray-matter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in the L 3 -edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm2. We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Alexander
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaan Atak
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Valentin Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - Gheorghe Sorin Chiuzbaian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Andrea Eschenlohr
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank de Groot
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - Adam Kubec
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jan Lüning
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Katharina Ollefs
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Pfau
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Nico Rothenbach
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Beye
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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3
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Le Guyader L, Eschenlohr A, Beye M, Schlotter W, Döring F, Carinan C, Hickin D, Agarwal N, Boeglin C, Bovensiepen U, Buck J, Carley R, Castoldi A, D’Elia A, Delitz JT, Ehsan W, Engel R, Erdinger F, Fangohr H, Fischer P, Fiorini C, Föhlisch A, Gelisio L, Gensch M, Gerasimova N, Gort R, Hansen K, Hauf S, Izquierdo M, Jal E, Kamil E, Karabekyan S, Kluyver T, Laarmann T, Lojewski T, Lomidze D, Maffessanti S, Mamyrbayev T, Marcelli A, Mercadier L, Mercurio G, Miedema PS, Ollefs K, Rossnagel K, Rösner B, Rothenbach N, Samartsev A, Schlappa J, Setoodehnia K, Sorin Chiuzbaian G, Spieker L, Stamm C, Stellato F, Techert S, Teichmann M, Turcato M, Van Kuiken B, Wende H, Yaroslavtsev A, Zhu J, Molodtsov S, David C, Porro M, Scherz A. Photon-shot-noise-limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:284-300. [PMID: 36891842 PMCID: PMC10000791 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here, a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (European XFEL) is presented. It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot by shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, an imaging detector capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst is employed, and allows a photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity to be approached. The setup and its capabilities are reviewed as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Eschenlohr
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Schlotter
- Linear Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | | | - David Hickin
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Naman Agarwal
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Christine Boeglin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Uwe Bovensiepen
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jens Buck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Carley
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Castoldi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro D’Elia
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio Nazionale TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Wajid Ehsan
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Robin Engel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erdinger
- Institute for Computer Engineering, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans Fangohr
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fischer
- Institute for Computer Engineering, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carlo Fiorini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria and INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research (PS-ISRR), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Gelisio
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Gensch
- Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, DLR (German Aerospace Center), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rafael Gort
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Hansen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Hauf
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Emmanuelle Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ebad Kamil
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Tim Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lojewski
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - David Lomidze
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffessanti
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Augusto Marcelli
- INFN – Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- RICMASS – Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Piter S. Miedema
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Ollefs
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Nico Rothenbach
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gheorghe Sorin Chiuzbaian
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lea Spieker
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stamm
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Physics Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata and INFN-Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Jun Zhu
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Matteo Porro
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
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4
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Schreck S, Diesen E, Dell'Angela M, Liu C, Weston M, Capotondi F, Ogasawara H, LaRue J, Costantini R, Beye M, Miedema PS, Halldin Stenlid J, Gladh J, Liu B, Wang HY, Perakis F, Cavalca F, Koroidov S, Amann P, Pedersoli E, Naumenko D, Nikolov I, Raimondi L, Abild-Pedersen F, Heinz TF, Voss J, Luntz AC, Nilsson A. Atom-Specific Probing of Electron Dynamics in an Atomic Adsorbate by Time-Resolved X-Ray Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:276001. [PMID: 36638285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.276001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electronic excitation occurring on adsorbates at ultrafast timescales from optical lasers that initiate surface chemical reactions is still an open question. Here, we report the ultrafast temporal evolution of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of a simple well-known adsorbate prototype system, namely carbon (C) atoms adsorbed on a nickel [Ni(100)] surface, following intense laser optical pumping at 400 nm. We observe ultrafast (∼100 fs) changes in both XAS and XES showing clear signatures of the formation of a hot electron-hole pair distribution on the adsorbate. This is followed by slower changes on a few picoseconds timescale, shown to be consistent with thermalization of the complete C/Ni system. Density functional theory spectrum simulations support this interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreck
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias Diesen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Hirohito Ogasawara
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jerry LaRue
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Roberto Costantini
- CNR-IOM, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Piter S Miedema
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jörgen Gladh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filippo Cavalca
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Amann
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Denys Naumenko
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivaylo Nikolov
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tony F Heinz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Johannes Voss
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan C Luntz
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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LaRue J, Liu B, Rodrigues GLS, Liu C, Garrido Torres JA, Schreck S, Diesen E, Weston M, Ogasawara H, Perakis F, Dell'Angela M, Capotondi F, Ball D, Carnahan C, Zeri G, Giannessi L, Pedersoli E, Naumenko D, Amann P, Nikolov I, Raimondi L, Spezzani C, Beye M, Voss J, Wang HY, Cavalca F, Gladh J, Koroidov S, Abild-Pedersen F, Kolb M, Miedema PS, Costantini R, Heinz T, Luntz A, Pettersson LG, Nilsson A. Symmetry-resolved CO desorption and oxidation dynamics on O/Ru(0001) probed at the C K-edge by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:164705. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on carbon monoxide desorption and oxidation induced by 400 nm femtosecond laser excitation on the O/Ru(0001) surface probed by time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS) at the carbon K-edge. The experiments were performed under constant background pressures of CO (6x10-8 Torr) and O2 (3x10-8 Torr). Under these conditions, we detect two transient CO species with narrow 2π* peaks, suggesting little 2π* interaction with the surface. Based on polarization measurements, we find that these two species have opposing orientations: (1) CO favoring a more perpendicular orientation and (2) CO favoring a more parallel orientation with respect to the surface. We also directly detect gas-phase CO2 using a mass spectrometer and observe weak signatures of bent adsorbed CO2 at slightly higher X-ray energies than the 2π* region. These results are compared to previously reported TR-XAS results at the O K-edge where the CO background pressure was three times lower (2x10-8 Torr) while maintaining the same O2 pressure. At the lower CO pressure, in the CO 2π* region, we observed adsorbed CO and a distribution of OC-O bond lengths close to the CO oxidation transition state, with little indication of gas-like CO. The shift towards 'gas-like' CO species may be explained by the higher CO exposure, which blocks O adsorption, decreasing O coverage and increasing CO coverage. These effects decrease the CO desorption barrier through dipole-dipole interaction, while simultaneously increasing the CO oxidation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry LaRue
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chapman University, United States of America
| | - Boyang Liu
- Stockholm University Department of Physics, Sweden
| | | | - Chang Liu
- Stockholm University Department of Physics, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elias Diesen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Devon Ball
- Chapman University Schmid College of Science and Technology, United States of America
| | - Conner Carnahan
- Chapman University Schmid College of Science and Technology, United States of America
| | - Gary Zeri
- Chapman University Schmid College of Science and Technology, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Peter Amann
- Stockholm University Department of Physics, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Johannes Voss
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Stockholm University Department of Physics, Sweden
| | | | - Jörgen Gladh
- Chemical Physics, Stockholm University Department of Physics, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tony Heinz
- Stanford University, United States of America
| | - Alan Luntz
- SUNCAT, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, United States of America
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6
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Rottke H, Engel RY, Schick D, Schunck JO, Miedema PS, Borchert MC, Kuhlmann M, Ekanayake N, Dziarzhytski S, Brenner G, Eichmann U, von Korff Schmising C, Beye M, Eisebitt S. Probing electron and hole colocalization by resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn5127. [PMID: 35594356 PMCID: PMC9122317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extending nonlinear spectroscopic techniques into the x-ray domain promises unique insight into photoexcited charge dynamics, which are of fundamental and applied interest. We report on the observation of a third-order nonlinear process in lithium fluoride (LiF) at a free-electron laser. Exploring the yield of four-wave mixing (FWM) in resonance with transitions to strongly localized core exciton states versus delocalized Bloch states, we find resonant FWM to be a sensitive probe for the degree of charge localization: Substantial sum- and difference-frequency generation is observed exclusively when in a one- or three-photon resonance with a LiF core exciton, with a dipole forbidden transition affecting details of the nonlinear response. Our reflective geometry-based approach to detect FWM signals enables the study of a wide variety of condensed matter sample systems, provides atomic selectivity via resonant transitions, and can be easily scaled to shorter wavelengths at free-electron x-ray lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Rottke
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Y. Engel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan O. Schunck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin C. Borchert
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nagitha Ekanayake
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Eichmann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Diesen E, Wang HY, Schreck S, Weston M, Ogasawara H, LaRue J, Perakis F, Dell'Angela M, Capotondi F, Giannessi L, Pedersoli E, Naumenko D, Nikolov I, Raimondi L, Spezzani C, Beye M, Cavalca F, Liu B, Gladh J, Koroidov S, Miedema PS, Costantini R, Heinz TF, Abild-Pedersen F, Voss J, Luntz AC, Nilsson A. Ultrafast Adsorbate Excitation Probed with Subpicosecond-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:016802. [PMID: 34270277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We use a pump-probe scheme to measure the time evolution of the C K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum from CO/Ru(0001) after excitation by an ultrashort high-intensity optical laser pulse. Because of the short duration of the x-ray probe pulse and precise control of the pulse delay, the excitation-induced dynamics during the first picosecond after the pump can be resolved with unprecedented time resolution. By comparing with density functional theory spectrum calculations, we find high excitation of the internal stretch and frustrated rotation modes occurring within 200 fs of laser excitation, as well as thermalization of the system in the picosecond regime. The ∼100 fs initial excitation of these CO vibrational modes is not readily rationalized by traditional theories of nonadiabatic coupling of adsorbates to metal surfaces, e.g., electronic frictions based on first order electron-phonon coupling or transient population of adsorbate resonances. We suggest that coupling of the adsorbate to nonthermalized electron-hole pairs is responsible for the ultrafast initial excitation of the modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Diesen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Schreck
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hirohito Ogasawara
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jerry LaRue
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Flavio Capotondi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Denys Naumenko
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivaylo Nikolov
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Spezzani
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin Beye
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Filippo Cavalca
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Gladh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piter S Miedema
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Roberto Costantini
- CNR-IOM, SS 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tony F Heinz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Johannes Voss
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan C Luntz
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Schubert K, Guo M, Atak K, Dörner S, Bülow C, von Issendorff B, Klumpp S, Lau JT, Miedema PS, Schlathölter T, Techert S, Timm M, Wang X, Zamudio-Bayer V, Schwob L, Bari S. The electronic structure and deexcitation pathways of an isolated metalloporphyrin ion resolved by metal L-edge spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3966-3976. [PMID: 34163667 PMCID: PMC8179464 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The local electronic structure of the metal-active site and the deexcitation pathways of metalloporphyrins are crucial for numerous applications but difficult to access by commonly employed techniques. Here, we applied near-edge X-ray absorption mass spectrometry and quantum-mechanical restricted active space calculations to investigate the electronic structure of the metal-active site of the isolated cobalt(iii) protoporphyrin IX cation (CoPPIX+) and its deexcitation pathways upon resonant absorption at the cobalt L-edge. The experiments were carried out in the gas phase, thus allowing for control over the chemical state and molecular environment of the metalloporphyrin. The obtained mass spectra reveal that resonant excitations of CoPPIX+ at the cobalt L3-edge lead predominantly to the formation of the intact radical dication and doubly charged fragments through losses of charged and neutral side chains from the macrocycle. The comparison between experiment and theory shows that CoPPIX+ is in a 3A2g triplet ground state and that competing excitations to metal-centred non-bonding and antibonding σ* molecular orbitals lead to distinct deexcitation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Schubert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- Division of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, Lund University SE-221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Kaan Atak
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Simon Dörner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Christine Bülow
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stephan Klumpp
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - J Tobias Lau
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie 12489 Berlin Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 Hamburg Germany
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Lucas Schwob
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Sadia Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY 22607 Hamburg Germany
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9
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Engel RY, Ekimova M, Miedema PS, Kleine C, Ludwig J, Ochmann M, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Ma R, Teubner M, Dziarzhytski S, Brenner G, Czwalinna MK, Rösner B, Kim TK, David C, Herres-Pawlis S, Rübhausen M, Nibbering ETJ, Huse N, Beye M. Shot noise limited soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in solution at a SASE-FEL using a transmission grating beam splitter. Struct Dyn 2021; 8:014303. [PMID: 33564694 PMCID: PMC7847311 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy provides element specificity and is a powerful experimental method to probe local unoccupied electronic structures. In the soft x-ray regime, it is especially well suited for the study of 3d-metals and light elements such as nitrogen. Recent developments in vacuum-compatible liquid flat jets have facilitated soft x-ray transmission spectroscopy on molecules in solution, providing information on valence charge distributions of heteroatoms and metal centers. Here, we demonstrate XANES spectroscopy of molecules in solution at the nitrogen K-edge, performed at FLASH, the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) in Hamburg. A split-beam referencing scheme optimally characterizes the strong shot-to-shot fluctuations intrinsic to the process of self-amplified spontaneous emission on which most FELs are based. Due to this normalization, a sensitivity of 1% relative transmission change is achieved, limited by fundamental photon shot noise. The effective FEL bandwidth is increased by streaking the electron energy over the FEL pulse train to measure a wider spectral window without changing FEL parameters. We propose modifications to the experimental setup with the potential of improving the instrument sensitivity by two orders of magnitude, thereby exploiting the high peak fluence of FELs to enable unprecedented sensitivity for femtosecond XANES spectroscopy on liquids in the soft x-ray spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Y. Engel
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Ekimova
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carlo Kleine
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Ludwig
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Ochmann
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rory Ma
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Rübhausen
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Huse
- Institut for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, CFEL, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Wang HY, Schreck S, Weston M, Liu C, Ogasawara H, LaRue J, Perakis F, Dell'Angela M, Capotondi F, Giannessi L, Pedersoli E, Naumenko D, Nikolov I, Raimondi L, Spezzani C, Beye M, Cavalca F, Liu B, Gladh J, Koroidov S, Miedema PS, Costantini R, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Time-resolved observation of transient precursor state of CO on Ru(0001) using carbon K-edge spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2677-2684. [PMID: 31531435 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The transient dynamics of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules on a Ru(0001) surface following femtosecond optical laser pump excitation has been studied by monitoring changes in the unoccupied electronic structure using an ultrafast X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) probe. The particular symmetry of perpendicularly chemisorbed CO on the surface is exploited to investigate how the molecular orientation changes with time by varying the polarization of the FEL pulses. The time evolution of spectral features corresponding to the desorption precursor state was well distinguished due to the narrow line-width of the C K-edge in the X-ray absorption (XA) spectrum, illustrating that CO molecules in the precursor state rotated freely and resided on the surface for several picoseconds. Most of the CO molecules trapped in the precursor state ultimately cooled back down to the chemisorbed state, while we estimate that ∼14.5 ± 4.9% of the molecules in the precursor state desorbed into the gas phase. It was also observed that chemisorbed CO molecules diffused over the metal surface from on-top sites toward highly coordinated sites. In addition, a new "vibrationally hot precursor" state was identified in the polarization-dependent XA spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Simon Schreck
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hirohito Ogasawara
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jerry LaRue
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Flavio Capotondi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Denys Naumenko
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ivaylo Nikolov
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Spezzani
- FERMI, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martin Beye
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Filippo Cavalca
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jörgen Gladh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Piter S Miedema
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Roberto Costantini
- CNR-IOM, SS 14 - km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy and Physics Department, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lars G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Miedema PS, Thielemann-Kühn N, Calafell IA, Schüßler-Langeheine C, Beye M. Strain analysis from M-edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of nickel oxide films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21596-21602. [PMID: 31538993 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structure modifications due to strain are an effective method for tailoring nano-scale functional materials. Demonstrated on nickel oxide (NiO) thin films, Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) at the transition-metal M2,3-edge is shown to be a powerful tool for measuring the electronic structure modification due to strain in the near-surface region. Analyses from the M2,3-edge RIXS in comparison with dedicated crystal field multiplet calculations show distortions in 40 nm NiO grown on a magnesium oxide (MgO) substrate (NiO/MgO) similar to those caused by surface relaxation of bulk NiO. The films of 20 and 10 nm NiO/MgO show slightly larger differences from bulk NiO. Quantitatively, the NiO/MgO samples all are distorted from perfect octahedral (Oh) symmetry with a tetragonal parameter Ds of about -0.1 eV, very close to the Ds distortion from octahedral (Oh) symmetry parameter of -0.11 eV obtained for the surface-near region from a bulk NiO crystal. Comparing the spectra of a 20 nm film of NiO grown on a 20 nm magnetite (Fe3O4) film on a MgO substrate (NiO/Fe3O4/MgO) with the calculated multiplet analyses, the distortion parameter Ds appears to be closer to zero, showing that the surface-near region of this templated film is less distorted from Oh symmetry than the surface-near region in bulk NiO. Finally, the potential of M2,3-edge RIXS for other investigations of strain on electronic structure is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Miedema
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - N Thielemann-Kühn
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research (FG-ISRR), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany and Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - I Alonso Calafell
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research (FG-ISRR), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Schüßler-Langeheine
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research (FG-ISRR), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Döring F, Risch M, Rösner B, Beye M, Busse P, Kubiček K, Glaser L, Miedema PS, Soltau J, Raiser D, Guzenko VA, Szabadics L, Kochanneck L, Baumung M, Buck J, Jooss C, Techert S, David C. A zone-plate-based two-color spectrometer for indirect X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1266-1271. [PMID: 31274453 PMCID: PMC6613121 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful element-specific technique that allows the study of structural and chemical properties of matter. Often an indirect method is used to access the X-ray absorption (XA). This work demonstrates a new XAS implementation that is based on off-axis transmission Fresnel zone plates to obtain the XA spectrum of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 by analysis of three emission lines simultaneously at the detector, namely the O 2p-1s, Mn 3s-2p and Mn 3d-2p transitions. This scheme allows the simultaneous measurement of an integrated total fluorescence yield and the partial fluorescence yields (PFY) of the Mn 3s-2p and Mn 3d-2p transitions when scanning the Mn L-edge. In addition to this, the reduction in O fluorescence provides another measure for absorption often referred to as the inverse partial fluorescence yield (IPFY). Among these different methods to measure XA, the Mn 3s PFY and IPFY deviate the least from the true XA spectra due to the negligible influence of selection rules on the decay channel. Other advantages of this new scheme are the potential to strongly increase the efficiency and throughput compared with similar measurements using conventional gratings and to increase the signal-to-noise of the XA spectra as compared with a photodiode. The ability to record undistorted bulk XA spectra at high flux is crucial for future in situ spectroscopy experiments on complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Döring
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Risch
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rösner
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beye
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Busse
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kubiček
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif Glaser
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Soltau
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Raiser
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vitaliy A. Guzenko
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Szabadics
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leif Kochanneck
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max Baumung
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Buck
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Jooss
- Institute of Materials Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of X-ray Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian David
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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13
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Brenner G, Dziarzhytski S, Miedema PS, Rösner B, David C, Beye M. Normalized single-shot X-ray absorption spectroscopy at a free-electron laser. Opt Lett 2019; 44:2157-2160. [PMID: 31042172 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A setup for dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), employing a new reference scheme, has been implemented and tested at the soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH in Hamburg. A transmission grating was used to split the FEL beam into two copies (signal and reference). The spectral content of both beams was simultaneously measured for intensity normalization within the FEL bandwidth on a shot-to-shot basis. Excellent correlation between the two beams was demonstrated within a few percent for single bunch operation at 143 eV photon energy. Applying the normalization scheme, an absorption spectrum of a Gd2O3thin film sample was recorded around the Gd N4,5-edge photon energy of 143 eV, showing excellent agreement with a reference spectrum measured at a synchrotron. This scheme opens the door for time-resolved single-shot XAS with femtosecond time resolution at FELs.
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14
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Beye M, Engel RY, Schunck JO, Dziarzhytski S, Brenner G, Miedema PS. Non-linear soft x-ray methods on solids with MUSIX-the multi-dimensional spectroscopy and inelastic x-ray scattering endstation. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:014003. [PMID: 30504529 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaedf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the intense and coherent x-ray pulses available from free-electron lasers, the possibility to transfer non-linear spectroscopic methods from the laser lab to the x-ray world arises. Advantages especially regarding selectivity and thus information content as well as an improvement of signal levels are expected. The use of coherences is especially fruitful and the example of coherent x-ray/optical sum-frequency generation is discussed. However, many non-linear x-ray methods still await discovery, partially due to the necessity for extremely adaptable and versatile instrumentation that can be brought to free-electron lasers for the analysis of the spectral content emitted from the sample into a continuous range of emission angles. Such an instrument (called MUSIX) is being developed and employed at FLASH, the free-electron laser in Hamburg and is described in this contribution together with first results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Jay RM, Eckert S, Fondell M, Miedema PS, Norell J, Pietzsch A, Quevedo W, Niskanen J, Kunnus K, Föhlisch A. The nature of frontier orbitals under systematic ligand exchange in (pseudo-)octahedral Fe(ii) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27745-27751. [PMID: 30211412 PMCID: PMC6240897 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of ligand substitution on metal-ligand covalency and the valence excited state landscape is investigated using resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering.
Understanding and controlling properties of transition metal complexes is a crucial step towards tailoring materials for sustainable energy applications. In a systematic approach, we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to study the influence of ligand substitution on the valence electronic structure around an aqueous iron(ii) center. Exchanging cyanide with 2-2′-bipyridine ligands reshapes frontier orbitals in a way that reduces metal 3d charge delocalization onto the ligands. This net decrease of metal–ligand covalency results in lower metal-centered excited state energies in agreement with previously reported excited state dynamics. Furthermore, traces of solvent-effects were found indicating a varying interaction strength of the solvent with ligands of different character. Our results demonstrate how ligand exchange can be exploited to shape frontier orbitals of transition metal complexes in solution-phase chemistry; insights upon which future efforts can built when tailoring the functionality of photoactive systems for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M Jay
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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16
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Wernet P, Leitner T, Josefsson I, Mazza T, Miedema PS, Schröder H, Beye M, Kunnus K, Schreck S, Radcliffe P, Düsterer S, Meyer M, Odelius M, Föhlisch A. Communication: Direct evidence for sequential dissociation of gas-phase Fe(CO) 5 via a singlet pathway upon excitation at 266 nm. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:211103. [PMID: 28595420 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We prove the hitherto hypothesized sequential dissociation of Fe(CO)5 in the gas phase upon photoexcitation at 266 nm via a singlet pathway with time-resolved valence and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy with an x-ray free-electron laser. Valence photoelectron spectra are used to identify free CO molecules and to determine the time constants of stepwise dissociation to Fe(CO)4 within the temporal resolution of the experiment and further to Fe(CO)3 within 3 ps. Fe 3p core-level photoelectron spectra directly reflect the singlet spin state of the Fe center in Fe(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, and Fe(CO)3 showing that the dissociation exclusively occurs along a singlet pathway without triplet-state contribution. Our results are important for assessing intra- and intermolecular relaxation processes in the photodissociation dynamics of the prototypical Fe(CO)5 complex in the gas phase and in solution, and they establish time-resolved core-level photoelectron spectroscopy as a powerful tool for determining the multiplicity of transition metals in photochemical reactions of coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Leitner
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Josefsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - P S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Schröder
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Beye
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Kunnus
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schreck
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Radcliffe
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Bari S, Egorov D, Jansen TLC, Boll R, Hoekstra R, Techert S, Zamudio‐Bayer V, Bülow C, Lindblad R, Leistner G, Ławicki A, Hirsch K, Miedema PS, von Issendorff B, Lau JT, Schlathölter T. Soft X-ray Spectroscopy as a Probe for Gas-Phase Protein Structure: Electron Impact Ionization from Within. Chemistry 2018; 24:7631-7636. [PMID: 29637635 PMCID: PMC6001477 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of protein conformation upon transfer into the gas phase is key for structure determination of free single molecules, for example using X-ray free-electron lasers. In the gas phase, the helicity of melittin decreases strongly as the protein's protonation state increases. We demonstrate the sensitivity of soft X-ray spectroscopy to the gas-phase structure of melittin cations ([melittin+qH]q+ , q=2-4) in a cryogenic linear radiofrequency ion trap. With increasing helicity, we observe a decrease of the dominating carbon 1 s-π* transition in the amide C=O bonds for non-dissociative single ionization and an increase for non-dissociative double ionization. As the underlying mechanism we identify inelastic electron scattering. Using an independent atom model, we show that the more compact nature of the helical protein conformation substantially increases the probability for off-site intramolecular ionization by inelastic Auger electron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitrii Egorov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Ronnie Hoekstra
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Simone Techert
- DESYNotkestr. 8522607HamburgGermany
- Institute of X-ray PhysicsUniversity of Göttingen37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Vicente Zamudio‐Bayer
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
| | - Christine Bülow
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| | - Rebecka Lindblad
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
- Department of PhysicsLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Georg Leistner
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare PhysikTechnische Universität Berlin10623BerlinGermany
| | - Arkadiusz Ławicki
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit, SynchrotronstrahlungHelmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Str. 1512489BerlinGermany
- Physikalisches InstitutUniversität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
| | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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18
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Abstract
The detection of the true soft X-ray absorption typically needs specially prepared submicrometer thin samples for transmission measurements. Bulk experiments instead have to rely on yield methods, for example, electron yield with limitations for insulating samples, sensitivity to applied fields, and with limited bulk sensitivity. Fluorescence yield methods instead do not have those limitations but have been found to deviate, in general, from the absorption spectrum. We demonstrate that restricting the detection to the 3s fluorescence channel (with the detector at a special angle where all polarizations contribute equally) restores the true X-ray absorption spectrum for all 3d-metal L2,3 edges. These theoretically derived results are rationalized by the lack of 3s-3d interaction in the core-excited state. Comparing X-ray absorption versus 3s-PFY for arbitrary detection geometries for both linear and circular polarized light, deviations appear that can become as large as 15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piter S Miedema
- DESY Photon Science, FS-FLASH , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- DESY Photon Science, FS-FLASH , Notkestraße 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
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19
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Eckert S, Niskanen J, Jay RM, Miedema PS, Fondell M, Kennedy B, Quevedo W, Iannuzzi M, Föhlisch A. Valence orbitals and local bond dynamics around N atoms of histidine under X-ray irradiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:32091-32098. [PMID: 29182178 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05713j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The valence orbitals of aqueous histidine under basic, neutral and acidic conditions and their X-ray induced transformations have been monitored through N 1s resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Using density functional ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in the core-hole state within the Z + 1 approximation, core-excitation-induced molecular transformations are quantified. Spectroscopic evidence for a highly directional X-ray-induced local N-H dissociation within the scattering duration is presented for acidic histidine. Our report demonstrates a protonation-state and chemical-environment dependent propensity for a molecular dissociation, which is induced by the absorption of high energy photons. This case study indicates that structural deformations in biomolecules under exposure to ionizing radiation, yielding possible alteration or loss of function, is highly dependent on the physiological state of the molecule upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eckert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
The active ions in typical laser crystals were studied with Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) and Partial Fluorescence Yield X-ray Absorption (PFY-XAS) spectroscopies as solid state model systems for dilute active centers. We analyzed Ti3+ and Cr3+ in α-Al2O3:Ti3+ and LiCaAlF6:Cr3+, respectively. The comparison of experimental data with semi-empirical multiplet calculations provides insights into the electronic structure and shows how measured crystal field energies are related across different spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research (FG-ISRR), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Schreck S, Pietzsch A, Kennedy B, Såthe C, Miedema PS, Techert S, Strocov VN, Schmitt T, Hennies F, Rubensson JE, Föhlisch A. Erratum: Ground state potential energy surfaces around selected atoms from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46386. [PMID: 28664929 PMCID: PMC5492273 DOI: 10.1038/srep46386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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22
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Eckert S, Norell J, Miedema PS, Beye M, Fondell M, Quevedo W, Kennedy B, Hantschmann M, Pietzsch A, Van Kuiken BE, Ross M, Minitti MP, Moeller SP, Schlotter WF, Khalil M, Odelius M, Föhlisch A. Innenrücktitelbild: Untersuchung unabhängiger N-H- und N-C-Bindungsverformungen auf ultrakurzen Zeitskalen mit resonanter inelastischer Röntgenstreuung (Angew. Chem. 22/2017). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eckert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jesper Norell
- Department of Physics; Stockholm University; AlbaNova University Center 10691 Stockholm Schweden
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Beye
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Markus Hantschmann
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | | | - Matthew Ross
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael P. Minitti
- LCLS; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Stefan P. Moeller
- LCLS; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - William F. Schlotter
- LCLS; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics; Stockholm University; AlbaNova University Center 10691 Stockholm Schweden
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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23
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Eckert S, Norell J, Miedema PS, Beye M, Fondell M, Quevedo W, Kennedy B, Hantschmann M, Pietzsch A, Van Kuiken BE, Ross M, Minitti MP, Moeller SP, Schlotter WF, Khalil M, Odelius M, Föhlisch A. Untersuchung unabhängiger N‐H‐ und N‐C‐Bindungsverformungen auf ultrakurzen Zeitskalen mit resonanter inelastischer Röntgenstreuung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eckert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jesper Norell
- Department of Physics Stockholm University AlbaNova University Center 10691 Stockholm Schweden
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Beye
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Markus Hantschmann
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | | | - Matthew Ross
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael P. Minitti
- LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Stefan P. Moeller
- LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - William F. Schlotter
- LCLS SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics Stockholm University AlbaNova University Center 10691 Stockholm Schweden
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Albert-Einstein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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24
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Eckert S, Norell J, Miedema PS, Beye M, Fondell M, Quevedo W, Kennedy B, Hantschmann M, Pietzsch A, Van Kuiken BE, Ross M, Minitti MP, Moeller SP, Schlotter WF, Khalil M, Odelius M, Föhlisch A. Inside Back Cover: Ultrafast Independent N−H and N−C Bond Deformation Investigated with Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 22/2017). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eckert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Jesper Norell
- Department of Physics; Stockholm University; AlbaNova University Center 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Markus Hantschmann
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Matthew Ross
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael P. Minitti
- LCLS; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Stefan P. Moeller
- LCLS; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - William F. Schlotter
- LCLS; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics; Stockholm University; AlbaNova University Center 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 12489 Berlin Germany
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25
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Eckert S, Norell J, Miedema PS, Beye M, Fondell M, Quevedo W, Kennedy B, Hantschmann M, Pietzsch A, Van Kuiken BE, Ross M, Minitti MP, Moeller SP, Schlotter WF, Khalil M, Odelius M, Föhlisch A. Ultrafast Independent N-H and N-C Bond Deformation Investigated with Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6088-6092. [PMID: 28374523 PMCID: PMC5485001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The femtosecond excited-state dynamics following resonant photoexcitation enable the selective deformation of N-H and N-C chemical bonds in 2-thiopyridone in aqueous solution with optical or X-ray pulses. In combination with multiconfigurational quantum-chemical calculations, the orbital-specific electronic structure and its ultrafast dynamics accessed with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at the N 1s level using synchrotron radiation and the soft X-ray free-electron laser LCLS provide direct evidence for this controlled photoinduced molecular deformation and its ultrashort timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eckert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesper Norell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piter S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Hantschmann
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthew Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael P Minitti
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Stefan P Moeller
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - William F Schlotter
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Kunnus K, Zhang W, Delcey MG, Pinjari RV, Miedema PS, Schreck S, Quevedo W, Schröder H, Föhlisch A, Gaffney KJ, Lundberg M, Odelius M, Wernet P. Viewing the Valence Electronic Structure of Ferric and Ferrous Hexacyanide in Solution from the Fe and Cyanide Perspectives. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7182-94. [PMID: 27380541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The valence-excited states of ferric and ferrous hexacyanide ions in aqueous solution were mapped by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Fe L2,3 and N K edges. Probing of both the central Fe and the ligand N atoms enabled identification of the metal- and ligand-centered excited states, as well as ligand-to-metal and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Ab initio calculations utilizing the RASPT2 method were used to simulate the Fe L2,3-edge RIXS spectra and enabled quantification of the covalencies of both occupied and empty orbitals of π and σ symmetry. We found that π back-donation in the ferric complex is smaller than that in the ferrous complex. This is evidenced by the relative amounts of Fe 3d character in the nominally 2π CN(-) molecular orbital of 7% and 9% in ferric and ferrous hexacyanide, respectively. Utilizing the direct sensitivity of Fe L3-edge RIXS to the Fe 3d character in the occupied molecular orbitals, we also found that the donation interactions are dominated by σ bonding. The latter was found to be stronger in the ferric complex, with an Fe 3d contribution to the nominally 5σ CN(-) molecular orbitals of 29% compared to 20% in the ferrous complex. These results are consistent with the notion that a higher charge at the central metal atom increases donation and decreases back-donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Kunnus
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Mickaël G Delcey
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rahul V Pinjari
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Piter S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schreck
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Schröder
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Centre , 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Schreck S, Pietzsch A, Kennedy B, Såthe C, Miedema PS, Techert S, Strocov VN, Schmitt T, Hennies F, Rubensson JE, Föhlisch A. Ground state potential energy surfaces around selected atoms from resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Sci Rep 2016; 7:20054. [PMID: 26821751 PMCID: PMC4731820 DOI: 10.1038/srep20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally driven chemistry as well as materials’ functionality are determined by the potential energy surface of a systems electronic ground state. This makes the potential energy surface a central and powerful concept in physics, chemistry and materials science. However, direct experimental access to the potential energy surface locally around atomic centers and to its long-range structure are lacking. Here we demonstrate how sub-natural linewidth resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering at vibrational resolution is utilized to determine ground state potential energy surfaces locally and detect long-range changes of the potentials that are driven by local modifications. We show how the general concept is applicable not only to small isolated molecules such as O2 but also to strongly interacting systems such as the hydrogen bond network in liquid water. The weak perturbation to the potential energy surface through hydrogen bonding is observed as a trend towards softening of the ground state potential around the coordinating atom. The instrumental developments in high resolution resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering are currently accelerating and will enable broad application of the presented approach. With this multidimensional potential energy surfaces that characterize collective phenomena such as (bio)molecular function or high-temperature superconductivity will become accessible in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreck
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Conny Såthe
- Max IV Laboratory, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Piter S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- FS-Structural Dynamics in (Bio)chemistry, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faß berg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Strocov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Schmitt
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Jan-Erik Rubensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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28
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Pietzsch A, Hennies F, Miedema PS, Kennedy B, Schlappa J, Schmitt T, Strocov VN, Föhlisch A. Snapshots of the fluctuating hydrogen bond network in liquid water on the sub-femtosecond timescale with vibrational resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:088302. [PMID: 25768783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.088302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Liquid water molecules interact strongly with each other, forming a fluctuating hydrogen bond network and thereby giving rise to the anomalous phase diagram of liquid water. Consequently, symmetric and asymmetric water molecules have been found in the picosecond time average with IR and optical Raman spectroscopy. With subnatural linewidth resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at vibrational resolution, we take sub-femtosecond snapshots of the electronic and structural properties of water molecules in the hydrogen bond network. We derive a strong dominance of nonsymmetric molecules in liquid water in contrast to the gas phase on the sub-femtosecond timescale of RIXS and determine the fraction of highly asymmetrically distorted molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Hennies
- MAX IV Laboratory, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Schlappa
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Schmitt
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V N Strocov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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29
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Schreck S, Pietzsch A, Kunnus K, Kennedy B, Quevedo W, Miedema PS, Wernet P, Föhlisch A. Dynamics of the OH group and the electronic structure of liquid alcohols. Struct Dyn 2014; 1:054901. [PMID: 26798783 PMCID: PMC4711620 DOI: 10.1063/1.4897981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) from molecular and liquid systems, the interplay of ground state structural and core-excited state dynamical contributions leads to complex spectral shapes that partially allow for ambiguous interpretations. In this work, we dissect these contributions in oxygen K-edge RIXS from liquid alcohols. We use the scattering into the electronic ground state as an accurate measure of nuclear dynamics in the intermediate core-excited state of the RIXS process. We determine the characteristic time in the core-excited state until nuclear dynamics give a measurable contribution to the RIXS spectral profiles to τ dyn = 1.2 ± 0.8 fs. By detuning the excitation energy below the absorption resonance we reduce the effective scattering time below τ dyn, and hence suppress these dynamical contributions to a minimum. From the corresponding RIXS spectra of liquid methanol, we retrieve the "dynamic-free" density of states and find that it is described solely by the electronic states of the free methanol molecule. From this and from the comparison of normal and deuterated methanol, we conclude that the split peak structure found in the lone-pair emission region at non-resonant excitation originates from dynamics in the O-H bond in the core-excited state. We find no evidence that this split peak feature is a signature of distinct ground state structural complexes in liquid methanol. However, we demonstrate how changes in the hydrogen bond coordination within the series of linear alcohols from methanol to hexanol affect the split peak structure in the liquid alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Pietzsch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | | | - Brian Kennedy
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Piter S Miedema
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
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30
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Miedema PS, Ngene P, van der Eerden AMJ, Sokaras D, Weng TC, Nordlund D, Au YS, de Groot FMF. In situ X-ray Raman spectroscopy study of the hydrogen sorption properties of lithium borohydride nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22651-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoconfined LiBH4 has been studied in situ with X-ray Raman spectroscopy. With 1 bar of hydrogen, partial re-hydrogenation can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piter S. Miedema
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ngene
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad M. J. van der Eerden
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park, USA
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park, USA
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park, USA
| | - Yuen S. Au
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Kunnus K, Josefsson I, Schreck S, Quevedo W, Miedema PS, Techert S, de Groot FMF, Odelius M, Wernet P, Föhlisch A. From Ligand Fields to Molecular Orbitals: Probing the Local Valence Electronic Structure of Ni2+ in Aqueous Solution with Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:16512-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan Kunnus
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ida Josefsson
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Schreck
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Max
Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Department
of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute
for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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32
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Miedema PS, Ngene P, van der Eerden AMJ, Weng TC, Nordlund D, Sokaras D, Alonso-Mori R, Juhin A, de Jongh PE, de Groot FMF. In situ X-ray Raman spectroscopy of LiBH4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:5581-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp24025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Aramburo LR, Wirick S, Miedema PS, Buurmans ILC, de Groot FMF, Weckhuysen BM. Styrene oligomerization as a molecular probe reaction for Brønsted acidity at the nanoscale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6967-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Lodi Rizzini A, Krull C, Balashov T, Kavich JJ, Mugarza A, Miedema PS, Thakur PK, Sessi V, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Stepanow S, Gambardella P. Coupling single molecule magnets to ferromagnetic substrates. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:177205. [PMID: 22107576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.177205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction of TbPc(2) single molecule magnets (SMMs) with ferromagnetic Ni substrates. Using element-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, we show that TbPc(2) couples antiferromagnetically to Ni films through ligand-mediated superexchange. This coupling is strongly anisotropic and can be manipulated by doping the interface with electron acceptor or donor atoms. We observe that the relative orientation of the substrate and molecule anisotropy axes critically affects the SMM magnetic behavior. TbPc(2) complexes deposited on perpendicularly magnetized Ni films exhibit enhanced magnetic remanence compared to SMMs in the bulk. Contrary to paramagnetic molecules pinned to a ferromagnetic support layer, we find that TbPc(2) can be magnetized parallel or antiparallel to the substrate, opening the possibility to exploit SMMs in spin valve devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lodi Rizzini
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN-CIN2), UAB Campus, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Miedema PS, Ikeno H, de Groot FMF. First principles multiplet calculations of the calcium L₂,₃ x-ray absorption spectra of CaO and CaF₂. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:145501. [PMID: 21427477 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/14/145501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
First principles calculations are performed for the interpretation of the L₂,₃ x-ray absorption spectrum of calcium oxide and calcium fluoride. The first principles calculations are based on configuration interaction (CI) calculations using fully relativistic molecular spinors. The first principles results are compared to experimental data and also to calculations based on a semi-empirical crystal field multiplet model and also on a multichannel multiple scattering method. We show that the CI calculations show good agreement with experiment, both for bulk and for surface experiments. The remaining differences with experiment and between the theoretical models are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Miedema
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Miedema PS, de Villeneuve VWA, Petukhov AV. Monte Carlo simulations of in-plane stacking disorder in hard-sphere crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:010401. [PMID: 18351809 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
On-lattice Monte Carlo simulations of colloidal random-stacking hard-sphere colloidal crystals are presented. The model yields close-packed crystals with random-stacking hexagonal structure. We find a significant amount of in-plane stacking disorder, which slowly anneals in the course of the simulation. The in-plane stacking disorder leads to lateral broadening of the stacking-disorder-induced Bragg rods. It is found that not only the scattering intensity, but also the width is modulated along the Bragg rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Miedema
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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