1
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Feng J, Sun C, Li S, Ye L. Advancing the dynamic mechanical analysis of organic semiconductor materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39248000 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a powerful technique for characterizing the mechanical properties of a wide range of materials. However, the importance of DMA in studying organic/polymer semiconductors has not been fully appreciated. In this Highlight, we explore recent advancements in the use of DMA in understanding the viscoelastic and mechanical properties and thermal transitions of organic semiconductor materials. In particular, the insights gained from DMA can serve as new guides for the device optimisation of organic solar cells towards stable operation. Furthermore, we present key findings, challenges, and future directions to advance the application of DMA in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Feng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Chunlong Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Saimeng Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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2
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Zheng X, Xu L, Douglas JF, Xia W. Role of additive size in the segmental dynamics and mechanical properties of cross-linked polymers. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39189325 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Thermoset materials often involve the addition of molecular and nanoparticle additives to alter various chemo-physical properties of importance in their ultimate applications. The resulting compositional heterogeneities can lead to either enhancement or degradation of thermoset properties, depending on the additive chemical structure and concentration. We tentatively explore this complex physical phenomenon through the consideration of a model polymeric additive to our coarse-grained (CG) thermoset investigated in previous works by simply varying the size of additive segments compared to those of polymer melt. We find that the additive modified thermoset material becomes chemically heterogeneous from additive aggregation when the additive segments become much smaller than those of the thermoset molecules, and a clear evidence is observed in the spatial distribution of local molecular stiffness estimated from Debye-Waller factor 〈u2〉. Despite the non-monotonic variation trends observed in dynamical and mechanical properties with decreasing additive segmental size, both the structural relaxation time and moduli (i.e., shear modulus and bulk modulus) exhibit scaling laws with 〈u2〉. The present work highlights the complex role of additive size played in the dynamical and mechanical properties of thermoset polymers, which should provide a better understanding for the glass formation process of cross-linked polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zheng
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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3
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Smith L, Karimi-Varzaneh HA, Finger S, Giunta G, Troisi A, Carbone P. Framework for a High-Throughput Screening Method to Assess Polymer/Plasticizer Miscibility: The Case of Hydrocarbons in Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2024; 57:4637-4647. [PMID: 38827962 PMCID: PMC11140736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer composite materials require softening to reduce their glass transition temperature and improve processability. To this end, plasticizers (PLs), which are small organic molecules, are added to the polymer matrix. The miscibility of these PLs has a large impact on their effectiveness and, therefore, their interactions with the polymer matrix must be carefully considered. Many PL characteristics, including their size, topology, and flexibility, can impact their miscibility and, because of the exponentially large number of PLs, the current trial-and-error approach is very ineffective. In this work, we show that using coarse-grained molecular simulations of a small dataset of 48 PLs, it is possible to identify topological and thermodynamic descriptors that are proxy for their miscibility. Using ad-hoc molecular dynamics simulation setups that are relatively computationally inexpensive, we establish correlations between the PLs' topology, internal flexibility, thermodynamics of aggregation, and degree of miscibility, and use these descriptors to classify the molecules as miscible or immiscible. With all available data, we also construct a decision tree model, which achieves a F1 score of 0.86 ± 0.01 with repeated, stratified 5-fold cross-validation, indicating that this machine learning method can be a promising route to fully automate the screening. By evaluating the individual performance of the descriptors, we show this procedure enables a 10-fold reduction of the test space and provides the basis for the development of workflows that can efficiently screen PLs with a variety of topological features. The approach is used here to screen for apolar PLs in polyisoprene melts, but similar proxies would be valid for other polyolefins, while, in cases where polar interactions drive the miscibility, other descriptors are likely to be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Smith
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | | | - Sebastian Finger
- Continental
Reifen Deutschland GmbH, Jädekamp 30, D-30419 Hanover, Germany
| | - Giuliana Giunta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
- BASF, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K.
| | - Paola Carbone
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
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4
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Shi G, Zhang J, Xu Y. Effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding strength on the dynamic fragility of amorphous polyamides. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1253-1262. [PMID: 38235808 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecular-induced intermolecular hydrogen bonding (inter-HB) interactions were reported to increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) while decrease the dynamic fragility (m) of polymers. Herein, enthalpy relaxation parameters heat capacity jump (ΔCp) at Tg and enthalpy hysteresis (ΔHR) were investigated to help clarify the effect of macromolecular-induced inter-HB on Tg and m using amorphous polyamides as model polymers. The inter-HB strength was weakened by random copolymerization with varied chain rigidity, but was enhanced by decreasing steric hindrance. It was found that Tg and m increased after copolymerization due to the increased chain rigidity. Nevertheless, increasing steric hindrance leads to an increased Tg while anomalously reduced m. Further results found that m can be well correlated to Tg·ΔCp/ΔHR. ΔCp increases more significantly than ΔHR in co-polyamides, and thus the entropy change dominates the activation free energy of cooperative rearrangement. By contrast, ΔHR increases more significantly than ΔCp with increasing steric hindrance, and thus it is reasonable that Tg increases while m decreases. Most importantly, ΔCp and ΔHR decrease with increasing inter-HB strength regardless of the variation of Tg. These results indicate that the inter-HB strength may be very strong and insensitive to temperature in polyamides, thus behaving like physical cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, South Jiuhua Road 189, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, South Jiuhua Road 189, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yangyang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, South Jiuhua Road 189, Wuhu 241002, China.
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5
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Nie W, Douglas JF, Xia W. Competing Effects of Molecular Additives and Cross-Link Density on the Segmental Dynamics and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Polymers. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:512-526. [PMID: 38144677 PMCID: PMC10739619 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of molecular additives into thermosets often results in changes in their dynamics and mechanical properties that can have significant ramifications for diverse applications of this broad class of materials such as coatings, high-performance composites, etc. Currently, there is limited fundamental understanding of how such additives influence glass formation in these materials, a problem of broader significance in glass-forming materials. To address this fundamental problem, here, we employ a simplified coarse-grained (CG) model of a polymer network as a model of thermoset materials and then introduce a polymer additive having the same inherent rigidity and polymer-polymer interaction strength as the cross-linked polymer matrix. This energetically "neutral" or "self-plasticizing" additive model gives rise to non-trivial changes in the dynamics of glass formation and provides an important theoretical reference point for the technologically more important case of interacting additives. Based on this rather idealized model, we systematically explore the combined effect of varying the additive mass percentage (m) and cross-link density (c) on the segmental relaxation dynamics and mechanical properties of a model thermoset material with additives. We find that increasing the additive mass percentage m progressively decreases both the glass-transition temperature Tg and the fragility of glass formation, a trend opposite to increasing c so that these thermoset variables clearly have a competing effect on glass formation in these model materials. Moreover, basic mechanical properties (i.e., bulk, shear, and tensile moduli) likewise exhibit a competitive variation with the increase of m and c, which are strongly correlated with the Debye-Waller parameter ⟨u2⟩, a measure of material stiffness at a molecular scale. Our findings prove beneficial in the development of structure-property relationships for the cross-linked polymers, which could help guide the design of such network materials with tailored physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Nie
- Department
of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials
Science and Engineering Division, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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6
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Giunta G, Smith L, Bartha K, Karimi-Varzaneh HA, Carbone P. Understanding the balance between additives' miscibility and plasticisation effect in polymer composites: a computational study. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2377-2384. [PMID: 36920461 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasticisers are small organic molecules routinely added to polymer composites that modify the processability of the compounds by adsorbing on the filler's surface or dispersing into the polymer matrix. Here using a simple yet chemically specific coarse-grained model, we demonstrate that the filler surface coverage and the degree of dispersion into the polymer matrix can be tuned without modifying the chemistry of the plasticisers but only by varying their conformational flexibility. We show that when the adsorption mechanism and clustering into the bulk are entropically driven as in this work, this is a general phenomenon independent on the polymer chemistry and its molecular weight. Our findings suggest a simple practical design rule that requires only minor modifications of the plasticisers' chemistry to achieve maximum adsorption onto the filler surface or dispersion into the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Giunta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lois Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Kristof Bartha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Paola Carbone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Espíndola SP, Norder B, Koper GJM, Picken SJ. The Glass Transition Temperature of Heterogeneous Biopolymer Systems. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1627-1637. [PMID: 36889305 PMCID: PMC10091355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers are abundant, renewable, and biodegradable resources. However, bio-based materials often require toughening additives, like (co)polymers or small plasticizing molecules. Plasticization is monitored via the glass transition temperature versus diluent content. To describe this, several thermodynamic models exist; nevertheless, most expressions are phenomenological and lead to over-parametrization. They also fail to describe the influence of sample history and the degree of miscibility via structure-property relationships. We propose a new model to deal with semi-compatible systems: the generalized mean model, which can classify diluent segregation or partitioning. When the constant kGM is below unity, the addition of plasticizers has hardly any effect, and in some cases, even anti-plasticization is observed. On the other hand, when the kGM is above unity, the system is highly plasticized even for a small addition of the plasticizer compound, which indicates that the plasticizer locally has a higher concentration. To showcase the model, we studied Na-alginate films with increasing sizes of sugar alcohols. Our kGM analysis showed that blends have properties that depend on specific polymer interactions and morphological size effects. Finally, we also modeled other plasticized (bio)polymer systems from the literature, concluding that they all tend to have a heterogeneous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Pereira Espíndola
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Norder
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ger J M Koper
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Picken
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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8
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Zheng X, Guo Y, Douglas JF, Xia W. Competing Effects of Cohesive Energy and Cross-Link Density on the Segmental Dynamics and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Zheng
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong Uiversity, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yafang Guo
- Department of Mechanics, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong Uiversity, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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9
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Shi G, Liu Y, Wu G. Tuning the Dynamic Fragility of Polymers by Metallic Ions: The Interplay of Coordination Strength. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai200237, China
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10
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Lindemann N, Schawe JEK, Lacayo-Pineda J. Kinetics of the Glass Transition of Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber: The Effect of Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132626. [PMID: 35808677 PMCID: PMC9269213 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resins are important for enhancing both the processability and performance of rubber. Their efficient utilization requires knowledge about their influence on the dynamic glass transition and their miscibility behavior in the specific rubber compound. The resins investigated, poly-(α-methylstyrene) (AMS) and indene-coumarone (IC), differ in molecular rigidity but have a similar aromaticity degree and glass transition temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations show an accumulation of IC around the silanized silica in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) at high contents, while AMS does not show this effect. This higher affinity between IC and the silica surface leads to an increased compactness of the filler network, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The influence of the resin content on the glass transition of the rubber compounds is evaluated in the sense of the Gordon–Taylor equation and suggests a rigid amorphous fraction for the accumulated IC. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) are applied for the characterization of the dielectric and thermal relaxations as well as for the corresponding vitrification kinetics. The cooling rate dependence of the vitrification process is combined with the thermal and dielectric relaxation time by one single Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse equation, showing an increased fragility of the rubber containing AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Lindemann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hanover, Germany
- Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH, Jädekamp 30, 30419 Hanover, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jorge Lacayo-Pineda
- Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH, Jädekamp 30, 30419 Hanover, Germany;
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hanover, Germany
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11
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Liu Y, Shi G, Wu G. Mediating the slow dynamics of polyacrylates by small molecule-bridged hydrogen bonds. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4445-4454. [PMID: 35648624 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This report studied the changes in the slow dynamics of polyacrylate by adding a hindered phenol (CA) capable of forming three intermolecular hydrogen bonds (inter-HBs) per molecule with the polymer chain. The CA molecule apparently diminishes the slow modes (with lower peak temperatures and peak heights) of the polyacrylate, although it has a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than the acrylic matrix, and the rigid CA-bridged HB network significantly amplifies the α-relaxation near Tg (with higher peak temperatures and peak heights). Consequently, the mixtures exhibit a diminishing slow mode that gradually merges with the prominent α-peak with increasing CA loadings. The anomalous dynamics concerning the opposite behaviors of the slow mode and α-relaxation was further rationalized in terms of dissociation of inter-HBs when the temperature is higher than Tg, together with the small molecule-alleviated macromolecular connectivity. This work provides essential insights into the slow dynamics of such HB-driven hybrids, and paves the way for tailoring the viscous flow properties of the hybrid material from a molecular level perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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12
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Maeda M, Nobukawa S, Inomata K. Photoinduced plasticizing effect of the addition of azobenzene on the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of polycarbonate. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Zhu Y, Luo J, Zou Q, Ouyang X, Ruan Y, Liu Y, Liu G. Glassy feature in melts of 3-dimensional architectured polymer blends. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Liu Y, Shi G, Wu G. Tuning the dynamic fragility of acrylic polymers by small molecules: the interplay of molecular structures. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7541-7553. [PMID: 34328486 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00758k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This report studied changes in the dynamic fragility (m) of poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) by introducing guest hindered phenols capable of forming two or three intermolecular hydrogen bonds (inter-HBs) per molecule with the host polymer. The small molecules effectively decrease the m value, even if they apparently increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) of mixtures. The reduction in m was confirmed by enthalpy relaxation in two aspects: adding the guest molecule leads to a stronger cooling rate dependence of the limiting fictive temperature together with an apparent increase in aging rate of PBMA hybrids at low concentrations. By varying the molecule size and steric hindrance of the hydroxyl group on the hindered phenols, we clarified that m is primarily governed by the strength of inter-HB interactions, while the Tg value of mixtures depends on a combined effect of additive bulkiness and HB interaction. The anomalous dynamics was further rationalized not only by the HB-induced flexibility balance between side groups and backbone, but also by the reduction of cooperative rearranging sizes and alleviation of long-chain connectivity in such HB-driven hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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15
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Tuning the Johari-Goldstein β-Relaxation and Its Separation from α-Relaxation of Poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s by Small Molecule-bridged Hydrogen Bonds. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Wu G, Liu Y, Shi G. New Experimental Evidence for Thermodynamic Links to the Kinetic Fragility of Glass-Forming Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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17
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Strengthening Regenerated Cellulose Fibers Sourced from Recycled Cotton T-Shirt Using Glucaric Acid for Antiplasticization. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling of cellulose from cotton textiles would minimize the use of virgin crop fibers, but recycled polymers are generally inferior in mechanical performance to those made from virgin resins. This challenge prompted the investigation of biobased additives that were capable of improving the mechanical properties of fibers by means of antiplasticizing additives. In this study, regenerated cellulose (RC) fibers were spun from cellulose found in cotton T-shirts, and fibers were mechanically strengthened with glucaric acid (GA), a nontoxic product of fermentation. The recycled pulp was activated using aqueous sodium hydroxide and then followed by acid neutralization, prior to the direct dissolution in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) at 3 wt.% cellulose. At 10% (w/w) GA, the tensile modulus and strength of regenerated cellulose from recycled cotton fibers increased five-fold in contrast to neat fibers without GA. The highest modulus and tenacity values of 664 cN/dtex and of 9.7 cN/dtex were reported for RC fibers containing GA.
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18
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Xu WS, Douglas JF, Sun ZY. Polymer Glass Formation: Role of Activation Free Energy, Configurational Entropy, and Collective Motion. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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19
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DeFelice J, Lipson JEG. The influence of additives on polymer matrix mobility and the glass transition. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:376-387. [PMID: 33169780 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the region near an interface, the microscopic properties of a glass forming liquid may be perturbed from their equilibrium bulk values. In this work, we probe how the interfacial effects of additive particles dispersed in a matrix can influence the local mobility of the material and its glass transition temperature, Tg. Experimental measurements and simulation results indicate that additives, such as nanoparticles, gas molecules, and oligomers, can shift the mobility and Tg of a surrounding polymer matrix (even for relatively small concentrations of additive; e.g., 5-10% by volume) relative to the pure bulk matrix, thus leading to Tg enhancement or suppression. Additives thus provide a potential route for modifying the properties of a polymer material without significantly changing its chemical composition. Here we apply the Limited Mobility (LM) model to simulate a matrix containing additive species. We show that both additive concentration, as well as the strength of its very local influence on the surrounding matrix material, will determine whether the Tg of the system is raised or lowered, relative to the pure matrix. We demonstrate that incorporation of additives into the simple LM simulation method, which has successfully described the behavior of bulk and thin film glassy solids, leads to direct connections with available experimental and simulation results for a broad range of polymer/additive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey DeFelice
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Jane E G Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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20
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Biswas MC, Bush B, Ford E. Glucaric acid additives for the antiplasticization of fibers wet spun from cellulose acetate/acetic acid/water. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116510. [PMID: 32718621 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose acetate (CA) receives notable attention as an environmentally friendly, biodegradable polymer from renewable, low-cost resources. CA polymers are believed to have a critical role in shaping a greener and more circular textile economy. However, the mechanical properties of CA fibers are among the lowest in terms of its tensile strength, poor wet strength, and low flexural strength. This study investigates the effect of biobased additives for antiplasticizing the mechanical performance and structure of CA fibers. At up to 5 % of CA, glucaric acid (GA) and its monoammonium salt were added to CA fibers. With 1.5 % GA additive, tensile modulus improved by 155%, tensile strength by 55 %, and CA flexibility according to knot to straight fiber tenacity ratios improved by 107 % when compared to neat CA fibers. Based on the results, green small molecule antiplasticizers do exist, but their performance improvements are observed at low percentages of loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Chandra Biswas
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Bailey Bush
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ericka Ford
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, The Nonwovens Institute, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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21
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Musino D, Oberdisse J, Sztucki M, Alegria A, Genix AC. Partition of Coating Agents between Nanoparticle Interfaces and the Polymer in Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Musino
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Sztucki
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Angel Alegria
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales (UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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22
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Parivatphun T, Sangkert S, Meesane J, Kokoo R, Khangkhamano M. Constructed microbubble porous scaffolds of polyvinyl alcohol for subchondral bone formation for osteoarthritis surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:055029. [PMID: 32822332 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab99d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that leads to the damage of subchondral bone. To treat OA, patients can have surgery to implant biomaterials into the damaged area. In this research, biomaterials of 3D porous scaffolds were fabricated by the use of air microbubbles for subchondral bone formation proposed for OA surgery. Microbubbles were generated in a polyvinyl alcohol solution at various air flow rates of 20 (F20), 100 (F100), 200 (F200), and 300 (F300) cc min-1. Molecular organization, structure, and morphology of the scaffolds were characterized and observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. Physical and mechanical properties based on swelling behavior and compressive strength of the scaffolds were also evaluated. Biological performance by means of osteoblast proliferation, protein synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity of the scaffolds were studied. The scaffolds showed molecular organization via interaction of -OH and C = O. They had residual water in their structures. The scaffolds exhibited a morphology of a spherical-like cell shape with small pores and a rough surface produced on each cell. Each cell was well connected with the others. The cell size and porous structure of the scaffolds depended significantly on the flow rate used. The molecular organization, structure, and morphology of the scaffolds had an effect on their physical and mechanical properties and biological performance. F100 was found to be an optimum scaffold offering a molecular organization, structure, morphology, physical and mechanical properties, and biological performance which was suitable for subchondral bone formation. This research deduced that the F100 scaffold is promising for OA surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanchanok Parivatphun
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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23
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Xu WS, Douglas JF, Xia W, Xu X. Understanding Activation Volume in Glass-Forming Polymer Melts via Generalized Entropy Theory. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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24
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Kim DK, Song KH, Hwang SS. Effect of Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) as Functional Additive on the Physical Properties of Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE)/PPS Blends. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was introduced in polyphenylene ether (PPE) blend to improve the processability of PPE and to secure the flame retardancy of the blend without deteriorating physical properties. Through the study of the binary blend of PPE/PPS, it was found that the shear thinning behavior and the external lubrication effect of PPS can improve the processability of PPE. Thermal analysis of the blend showed that the glass transition temperature of the PPS component decreases by the plasticization while that of the PPE component increases by the anti-plasticization effect. The modulus of the binary blend increased with the PPS content, and the tensile strength decreased but followed the additive rule. The change in tensile properties can be explained by the synergy effect of partial miscibility between PPE and PPS due to structural similarity, and non-isotropic morphology formation. Impact strength increased sharply in PPE60 due to the mechanical grafting effect by co-continuous phase formation. In the ternary blend with SEBS-MAH applied to PPE60, the impact strength steep increased at a content of 10 wt% or more due to the dramatic morphology change based on the compatibilization effect. Flame retardancy of V0 was also observed in all compositions where SEBS-MAH was applied within 20 phr.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Kim
- Center for Materials Architecturing , Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul , ROK
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University, Seoul , ROK
| | - K. H. Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University, Seoul , ROK
| | - S. S. Hwang
- Center for Materials Architecturing , Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul , ROK
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25
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Shi G, Liu Y, Wu G. βfast Relaxation Governs the Damping Stability of Acrylic Polymer/Hindered Phenol Hybrids. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanbiao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040769. [PMID: 32244603 PMCID: PMC7240542 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplasticization of glassy polymers, arising from the addition of small amounts of plasticizer, was examined to highlight the developments that have taken place over the last few decades, aiming to fill gaps of knowledge in the large number of disjointed publications. The analysis includes the role of polymer/plasticizer molecular interactions and the conditions leading to the cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization. This was based on molecular dynamics considerations of thermal transitions and related relaxation spectra, alongside the deviation of free volumes from the additivity rule. Useful insights were gained from an analysis of data on molecular glasses, including the implications of the glass fragility concept. The effects of molecular packing resulting from antiplasticization are also discussed in the context of physical ageing. These include considerations on the effects on mechanical properties and diffusion-controlled behaviour. Some peculiar features of antiplasticization regarding changes in Tg were probed and the effects of water were examined, both as a single component and in combination with other plasticizers to illustrate the role of intermolecular forces. The analysis has also brought to light the shortcomings of existing theories for disregarding the dual cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization with respect to modulus variation with temperature and for not addressing failure related properties, such as yielding, crazing and fracture toughness.
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27
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Xu W, Xia W. Energy Renormalization for Coarse‐Graining Polymers with Different Fragilities: Predictions from the Generalized Entropy Theory. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo ND 58108 USA
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28
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Ballesteros D, Walters C. Solid-State Biology and Seed Longevity: A Mechanical Analysis of Glasses in Pea and Soybean Embryonic Axes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:920. [PMID: 31379902 PMCID: PMC6646689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm of anhydrobiotes (organisms that persist in the absence of water) solidifies during drying. Despite this stabilization, anhydrobiotes vary in how long they persist while dry. In this paper, we call upon concepts currently used to explain stability of amorphous solids (also known as glasses) in synthetic polymers, foods, and pharmaceuticals to the understand variation in longevity of biological systems. We use embryonic axes of pea (Pisum sativum) and soybean (Glycine max) seeds as test systems that have relatively long and short survival times, respectively, but similar geometries and water sorption behaviors. We used dynamic mechanical analysis to gain insights on structural and mobility properties that relate to stability of other organic systems with controlled composition. Changes of elastic and loss moduli, and the dissipation function, tan δ, in response to moisture and temperature were compared in pea and soybean axes containing less than 0.2 g H2O g-1 dry mass. The work shows high complexity of structure-regulated molecular mobility within dried seed matrices. As was previously observed for pea cotyledons, there were multiple relaxations of structural constraints to molecular movement, which demonstrate substantial localized, "fast" motions within solidified cytoplasm. There was detected variation in the coordination among long-range slow, diffusive and short-range fast, vibrational motions in glasses of pea compared to soybean, which suggest higher constraints to motion in pea and greater "fragility" in soybean. We are suggesting that differences in fragility contribute to variation of seed longevity. Indeed, fragility and coordination of short and long range motions are linked to stability and physical aging of synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Walters
- National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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29
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Qian Z, Cao Z, Galuska L, Zhang S, Xu J, Gu X. Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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30
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Fu S, Miao S, Ma X, Ding T, Ye X, Liu D. Inhibition of lactose crystallisation in the presence of galacto-oligosaccharide. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Marcinkowska A, Zgrzeba A, Lota G, Kopczyński K, Andrzejewska E. Ionogels by thiol-ene photopolymerization in ionic liquids: Formation, morphology and properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Poly-ε-caprolactone/polysulfhydrylated polyester blend: A platform for topical and degradable nitric oxide-releasing materials. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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34
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Abstract
We present a robust method to prepare thin oriented nematic liquid crystalline elastomer-polymer (LCE-polymer) core-sheath fibers. An electrospinning setup is utilized to spin a single solution of photo-crosslinkable low molecular weight reactive mesogens and a support polymer to form the coaxial LCE-polymer fibers, where the support polymer forms the sheath via in situ phase separation as the solvent evaporates. We discuss the effect of phase separation and compare two different sheath polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polylactic acid), investigating optical and morphological properties of obtained fibers, as well as the shape changes upon heating. The current fibers show only irreversible contraction, the relaxation most likely being hindered by the presence of the passive sheath polymer, increasing in stiffness on cooling. If the sheath polymer can be removed while keeping the LCE core intact, we expect LCE fibers produced in this way to have potential to be used as actuators, for instance in soft robotics and responsive textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162 A Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Jan P F Lagerwall
- Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162 A Avenue de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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35
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Boukheir S, Samir Z, Belhimria R, Kreit L, Achour ME, Éber N, Costa L, Oueriagli A, Outzourhit A. Electric Modulus Spectroscopic Studies of the Dielectric Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Polymer Composite Materials. J MACROMOL SCI B 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2018.1439243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Boukheir
- Laboratoire LN2E, Faculté des Sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- Laboratoire LASTID, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Z. Samir
- Laboratoire LASTID, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - R. Belhimria
- Laboratoire LASTID, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - L. Kreit
- Laboratoire LASTID, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - M. E. Achour
- Laboratoire LASTID, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - N. Éber
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L.C. Costa
- I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A. Oueriagli
- Laboratoire LN2E, Faculté des Sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - A. Outzourhit
- Laboratoire LN2E, Faculté des Sciences, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
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36
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Zhang R, Schweizer KS. Microscopic Theory of Coupled Slow Activated Dynamics in Glass-Forming Binary Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3465-3479. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Expression, crosslinking, and developing modulus master curves of recombinant resilin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:385-394. [PMID: 28183051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Resilin is a disordered elastomeric protein found in specialized regions of insect cuticles, where low stiffness and high resilience are required. Having a wide range of functions that vary among insect species, resilin operates across a wide frequency range, from 5Hz for locomotion to 13kHz for sound production. We synthesize and crosslink a recombinant resilin from clone-1 (exon-1+exon-2) of the gene, and determine the water content (approximately 80wt%) and dynamic mechanical properties, along with estimating surface energies relevant for adhesion. Dynamic moduli master curves have been developed, by applying the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) and time-temperature concentration superposition principle (TTCSP), and compared with reported master curves for natural resilin from locusts, dragonflies, and cockroaches. To our knowledge, this is the first time dynamic moduli master curves have been developed to explore the dynamic mechanical properties of recombinant resilin and compare with resilin behavior. The resulting master curves show that the synthetic resilin undergoes a pronounced transition with increasing ethanol concentrations, with the storage modulus increasing by approximately three orders of magnitude. Although possibly a glass transition, alternate explanations include the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds or that the chitin binding domain (ChBD) in exon-2 might change the secondary structure of the normally disordered exon-1 into more ordered conformations that limit deformation.
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38
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Stathopoulos AT, Kyritsis A, Shinyashiki N, Gómez-Ribelles JL, Pissis P. Effects of Solvent Crystallization in Swollen net-Poly(ethyl acrylate) α Relaxation Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:13206-13217. [PMID: 27966958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polymer α relaxation process for net-PEA gels swollen with nonpolar p-xylene is studied by employing dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The results present the in situ monitoring of the dielectric behavior of α relaxation process under p-xylene cold crystallization, isothermal crystallization as well as crystallization from quenching. For the partially crystallized systems, the results exhibit that the amount of p-xylene crystal phase has no remarkable effects on the time scale, being controlled mainly by the amount of the noncrystallized p-xylene (cpx= 0.11-0.15) gel phase. Surprisingly, the stretching exponent βKWW obtains higher values in the isothermal crystallization process as the p-xylene crystallization is in progress and the reorganization of p-xylene through diffusion to crystallites approaches thermodynamic equilibrium. This directly indicates that any α process broadening is originated not solely from the amount of p-xylene crystallites and the induced heterogeneities, but from the presence of remarkable concentration fluctuations close to respective effective glass transition temperature, enhanced for higher solvent contents as well. Finally, the results suggest that the existence of p-xylene crystallites decrease significantly the dielectric strength of α process. The effective medium theory is applied to check whether this recorded reduction originates from the induced spatial heterogeneities (p-xylene crystallites) or from the immobilization in parts of polymer configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T Stathopoulos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens , Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens , Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Naoki Shinyashiki
- Department of Physics, Tokai University , Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ribelles
- Centro de Biomateriales e Ingeniería Tisular, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia , P.O. Box 22012, E-46071 Valencia, Spain.,Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Autopista del Saler 16, 46013 Valencia, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina , 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Polycarpos Pissis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens , Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
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40
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Xu WS, Douglas JF, Freed KF. ENTROPY THEORY OF POLYMER GLASS-FORMATION IN VARIABLE SPATIAL DIMENSION. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119290971.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Xu
- James Franck Institute; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Karl F. Freed
- James Franck Institute; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL USA
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Chicago; Chicago IL USA
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41
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Mangalara JH, Simmons DS. Tuning Polymer Glass Formation Behavior and Mechanical Properties with Oligomeric Diluents of Varying Stiffness. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1134-1138. [PMID: 35614818 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule diluents are important tools in the control of polymers' glass formation, transport, and mechanical properties. While recent work has indicated that these diluents can impose a more diverse range of effects than previously appreciated, use of these additives to rationally control polymer properties requires a predictive understanding of their effects. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations to show that diluent-induced changes in a polymer's glass transition temperature Tg can be predicted based on the diluent's Debye-Waller factor ⟨u2⟩, a measure of picosecond time scale rattle-space, via a functional form previously found to predict nanoconfinement-induced shifts in polymer Tg. Moreover, we show that diluent-induced alterations in polymer segmental relaxation time are related to changes in modulus and ⟨u2⟩ via the Generalized Localization Model of relaxation. These results provide new design principles for the use of oligomeric diluents in achieving independent, targeted control of structural relaxation and glassy moduli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandra Hari Mangalara
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge
Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - David S. Simmons
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 250 South Forge
Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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43
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Liu C, Liu Z, Yin X, Wu G. Tuning the Dynamic Fragility of Acrylic Polymers by Small Molecules: The Interplay of Hydrogen Bonding Strength. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaotong Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guozhang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China
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44
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Banerjee A, Verma PRP, Gore S. Controlled porosity solubility modulated osmotic pump tablets of gliclazide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:554-68. [PMID: 25378281 PMCID: PMC4444634 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A system that can deliver drug at a controlled rate is very important for the treatment of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and heart disease. Poorly water-soluble drug with pH-dependent solubility such as gliclazide (GLZ) offers challenges in the controlled-release formulation because of low dissolution rate and poor bioavailability. Solid dispersion (SD) of GLZ consisted of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-SSL) as a polymeric solubilizer was manufactured by hot melt extrusion (HME) technology. Then, controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) tablet of gliclazide was designed to deliver drug in a controlled manner up to 16 h. The developed formulation was optimized for type and level of pore former and coating weight gain. The optimized formulation was found to exhibit zero order kinetics independent of pH and agitation speed but depends on osmotic pressure of dissolution media indicated that mechanism of drug release was osmotic pressure. The in vivo performance prediction of developed formulation using convolution approach revealed that the developed formulation was superior to the existing marketed extended-release formulation in terms of attaining steady state plasma levels and indicated adequate exposure in translating hypoglycemic response. The prototype solubilization method combined with controlled porosity osmotic pump based technique could provide a unique way to increase dissolution rate and bioavailability of many poorly water-soluble, narrow therapeutic index drugs used in diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Banerjee
- Mylan Laboratories Ltd, FDS, R&D Centre, Plot No. 31-34A, Anrich Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram (Mandal), Medak District, 502325, Hyderabad, India,
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Ye C, Wiener CG, Tyagi M, Uhrig D, Orski SV, Soles CL, Vogt BD, Simmons DS. Understanding the Decreased Segmental Dynamics of Supported Thin Polymer Films Reported by Incoherent Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhuai Ye
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Clinton G. Wiener
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David Uhrig
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | | | - Bryan D. Vogt
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - David S. Simmons
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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46
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Dudowicz J, Douglas JF, Freed KF. Advances in the generalized entropy theory of glass-formation in polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:234903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4903842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Dudowicz
- The James Franck Institute and The Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Karl F. Freed
- The James Franck Institute and The Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Freed KF. Communication: Towards first principles theory of relaxation in supercooled liquids formulated in terms of cooperative motion. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:141102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4897973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl F. Freed
- James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57 Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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48
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Dudowicz J, Douglas JF, Freed KF. Two glass transitions in miscible polymer blends? J Chem Phys 2014; 140:244905. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4884123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Dudowicz
- The James Franck Institute and the Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Karl F. Freed
- The James Franck Institute and the Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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49
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Alexandrino EM, da Conceição TF, Felisberti MI. Improvement of processing and mechanical properties of polyetherimide by antiplasticization with resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate). J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria I. Felisberti
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas 13083-970 Brazil
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50
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Evans CM, Deng H, Jager WF, Torkelson JM. Fragility is a Key Parameter in Determining the Magnitude of Tg-Confinement Effects in Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401017n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolter F. Jager
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628
BL Delft, The Netherlands
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