1
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Drake SM, Farnsworth AJ, Pinto G, Meyer G, Patterson JE. Mount for spectroscopic analysis of samples under sustained tensile stress. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073911. [PMID: 39041903 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic methods offer valuable insights into the molecular and structural changes induced by stress, but existing techniques are often unable to perform real-time measurements during deformation. A novel solid open mount design is presented that enables spectroscopic investigations of materials under sustained tensile stress while maintaining crucial alignment of the optical system. The mount design allows for sample movement in response to applied strain while maintaining the position of the sample plane, ensuring consistent and reliable spectroscopic measurements. The effectiveness of the mount design is demonstrated with vibrational sum-frequency generation measurements of an elastomer, cured hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, and a plastic, high-density polyethylene, taken before, during, and after tensile deformation. The application of this mount to other spectroscopic techniques is discussed. The ability to collect spectroscopic data during a stress event would provide valuable insights into the behavior of stressed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Drake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Alexander J Farnsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Gabriele Pinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Gabriel Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - James E Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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2
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Rouxel JR, Nam Y, Chernyak VY, Mukamel S. Manipulating ultrafast even-order nonlinear chiral responses of L-tryptophan by polarization pulse shaping. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402660121. [PMID: 38820001 PMCID: PMC11161790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402660121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular chirality has long been monitored in the frequency domain in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regimes. Recently developed time-domain approaches can detect time-dependent chiral dynamics by enhancing intrinsically weak chiral signals. Even-order nonlinear signals in chiral molecules have gained attention thanks to their existence in the electric dipole approximation, without relying on the weaker higher-order multipole interactions. We illustrate the optimization of temporal polarization pulse-shaping in various frequency ranges (infrared/optical and optical/X ray) to enhance chiral nonlinear signals. These signals can be recast as an overlap integral of matter and field pseudoscalars which contain the relevant chiral information. Simulations are carried out for second- and fourth-order nonlinear spectroscopies in L-tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy R. Rouxel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Yeonsig Nam
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | | | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-2025
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3
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Noblet T, Busson B. Diagrammatic theory of magnetic and quadrupolar contributions to sum-frequency generation in composite systems. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024704. [PMID: 38193549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Second-order nonlinear processes like Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) are essentially defined in the electric dipolar approximation. However, when dealing with the SFG responses of bulk, big nanoparticles, highly symmetric objects, or chiral species, magnetic and quadrupolar contributions play a significant role in the process too. We extend the diagrammatic theory for linear and nonlinear optics to include these terms for single objects as well as for multipartite systems in interaction. Magnetic and quadrupolar quantities are introduced in the formalism as incoming fields, interaction intermediates, and sources of optical nonlinearity. New response functions and complex nonlinear processes are defined, and their symmetry properties are analyzed. This leads to a focus on several kinds of applications involving nanoscale coupled objects, symmetric molecular systems, and chiral materials, both in line with the existing literature and opening new possibilities for original complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Noblet
- GRASP-Biophotonics, CESAM, University of Liege, Institute of Physics, Allée du 6 août 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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4
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Chiang KY, Yu X, Yu CC, Seki T, Sun S, Bonn M, Nagata Y. Bulklike Vibrational Coupling of Surface Water Revealed by Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:256202. [PMID: 38181372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.256202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Vibrational coupling between interfacial water molecules is important for energy dissipation after on-water chemistry, yet intensely debated. Here, we quantify the interfacial vibrational coupling strength through the linewidth of surface-specific vibrational spectra of the water's O─H (O─D) stretch region for neat H_{2}O/D_{2}O and their isotopic mixtures. The local-field-effect-corrected experimental SFG spectra reveal that the vibrational coupling between hydrogen-bonded interfacial water O─H groups is comparable to that in bulk water, despite the effective density reduction at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yang Chiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chun-Chieh Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Takakazu Seki
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shumei Sun
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Chang H, Lozier EH, Ma E, Geiger FM. Quantification of Stern Layer Water Molecules, Total Potentials, and Energy Densities at Fused Silica:Water Interfaces for Adsorbed Alkali Chlorides, CTAB, PFOA, and PFAS. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8404-8414. [PMID: 37775181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
We have employed amplitude- and phase-resolved second-harmonic generation spectroscopy to investigate ion-specific effects of monovalent cations at the fused silica:water interface maintained under acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions. We find a negligible dependence of the total potential (as negative as -400 mV at pH 14), the second-order nonlinear susceptibility (as large as 1.5 × 10-21 m2 V-1 at pH 14), the number of Stern layer water molecules (1 × 1015 cm-2 at pH 5.8), and the energy associated with water alignment upon going from neutral to high pH (ca. -24 kJ mol-1 to -48 kJ mol-1 at pH 13 and 14, close to the cohesive energy of liquid water but smaller than that of ice) on chlorides of the alkali series (M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+). Attempts are presented to provide estimates for the molecular hyperpolarizability of the cations and anions in the Stern layer at high pH, which arrive at ca. 20-fold larger values for αtotal ions(2) = αM+(2) + αOH-(2) + αCl-(2) when compared to water's molecular hyperpolarizability estimate from theory and point to a sizable contribution of deprotonated silanol groups at high pH. In contrast to the alkali series, a pronounced dependence of the total potential and the second-order nonlinear susceptibility on monovalent cationic (cetrimonium bromide, CTAB) and anionic (perfluorooctanoic and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOA and PFOS) surfactants was quantifiable. Our findings are consistent with a low surface coverage of the alkali cations and a high surface coverage of the surfactants. Moreover, they underscore the important contribution of Stern layer water molecules to the total potential and second-order nonlinear susceptibility. Finally, they demonstrate the applicability of heterodyne-detected second-harmonic generation spectroscopy for identifying perfluorinated acids at mineral:water interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanByul Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emilie H Lozier
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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6
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Yamaguchi S, Takayama T, Goto Y, Otosu T, Yagasaki T. Experimental and Theoretical Heterodyne-Detected Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Isotopically Pure and Diluted Water Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9649-9653. [PMID: 36214521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The χ(2) (second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility) spectrum of the water surface has been a matter of debate for a few decades. Here, we report that we experimentally measured the isotopic dilution dependence of the χ(2) spectrum and theoretically reproduced it by employing the quantum/classical mixed approach with a new idea to subtract an artifact. The present theoretical framework allows for clarifying the effects of the intramolecular, intermolecular, and Fermi resonance couplings on the OH-stretch vibrational spectra of water at the surface as well as in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Takayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Otosu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuma Yagasaki
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
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7
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Abstract
We describe a basic theoretical treatment of how film-substrate and substrate-environment (air, water, and solution) interfaces can be selectively probed by controlling the film thickness and beam angles in a visible-infrared sum frequency generation experiment. In this model, we also account for the unique interfacial environment that may have optical properties that differ from the adjacent bulk phases. We see that this affects components of the electric field that are perpendicular to the surface such as when p-polarized light is used. We then provide an example using the glass-polydimethylsiloxane-air system and model the fields at both surfaces of the polymer. This is followed by some practical considerations for setting up such experiments and some typical experimental results.
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8
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Foucaud Y, Dufrêche JF, Siboulet B, Duvail M, Jonchère A, Diat O, Vuilleumier R. Why local and non-local terms are essential for second harmonic generation simulation? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12961-12973. [PMID: 35580631 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05437f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) today represents one of the most powerful techniques to selectively probe all types of interfaces. However, the origin of the SHG signal at a molecular level is still debated since the local dipole contribution, which is strongly correlated to the molecular orientation can be counterbalanced by non-local quadrupole contributions. Here, we propose a method to simulate the SHG signal of a model water/air interface from the molecular response of each contribution. This method includes both local and non-local terms, which are represented, respectively, by the dependency of the polarisability and hyperpolarisability upon the chemical environment of the molecule and by the bulk quadrupole response. The importance of both terms for the sound simulation of the SHG signals and their interpretation is assessed. We demonstrate that the sole dipole term is unable to simulate a SHG signal, even if the dependency of the hyperpolarisability on the local environment is considered. The inclusion of the bulk quadrupole contribution, which largely dominates the dipole contribution, is essential to predict the SHG response, although the accuracy of the prediction is increased when the dependency upon the local environment is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Foucaud
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
| | | | | | - Magali Duvail
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
| | - Alban Jonchère
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
| | - Olivier Diat
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Marcoule, France.
| | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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9
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Choose your own adventure: Picosecond or broadband vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. Biointerphases 2022; 17:031201. [PMID: 35513338 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy is a method capable of measuring chemical structure and dynamics within the interfacial region between two bulk phases. At the core of every experimental system is a laser source that influences the experimental capabilities of the VSFG spectrometer. In this article, we discuss the differences between VSFG spectrometers built with picosecond and broadband laser sources as it will impact everything from material costs, experimental build time, experimental capabilities, and more. A focus is placed on the accessibility of the two different SFG systems to newcomers in the SFG field and provides a resource for laboratories considering incorporating VSFG spectroscopy into their research programs. This Tutorial provides a model decision tree to aid newcomers when determining whether the picosecond or femtosecond laser system is sufficient for their research program and navigates through it for a few specific scenarios.
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10
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Moll CJ, Versluis J, Bakker HJ. Bulk Response of Carboxylic Acid Solutions Observed with Surface Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:270-277. [PMID: 34962792 PMCID: PMC8762667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We study the molecular
properties of aqueous acetic acid and formic
acid solutions with heterodyne-detected vibrational sum-frequency
generation spectroscopy (HD-VSFG). For acid concentrations up to ∼5
M, we observe a strong increase of the responses of the acid hydroxyl
and carbonyl stretch vibrations with increasing acid concentration
due to an increase of the surface coverage by the acid molecules.
At acid concentrations >5 M we observe first a saturation of these
responses and then a decrease. For pure carboxylic acids we even observe
a change of sign of the Im[χ(2)] response of the
carbonyl vibration. The decrease of the response of the hydroxyl vibration
and the decrease and sign change of the response of the carbonyl vibration
indicate the formation of cyclic dimers, which only show a quadrupolar
bulk response in the HD-VSFG spectrum because of their antiparallel
conformation. We also find evidence for the presence of a quadrupolar
response of the CH vibrations of the acid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Moll
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy, AMOLF, Science Park 104,1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Versluis
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy, AMOLF, Science Park 104,1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huib J Bakker
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy, AMOLF, Science Park 104,1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Glikman D, Braunschweig B. Nanoscale Effects on the Surfactant Adsorption and Interface Charging in Hexadecane/Water Emulsions. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20136-20147. [PMID: 34898170 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale properties at interfaces play a key role in the colloidal stability of emulsions and other soft matter materials where physical properties need to be controlled from the nano to macroscopically visible length scales. Our molecular level understanding of oil-water interfaces arises mostly from results at extended interfaces and the common view that emulsions are stabilized by a large number of surfactant molecules at the droplet's interface which, however, has been recently challenged. In this work, we show that the particle size and the curvature of oil droplets at the nanoscale is of great importance for the interface adsorption of dodecyl sulfate surfactants and possible counterion condensation at the charged hexadecane-water interface. Using second-harmonic scattering, we have studied the surface charge of oil droplets in nanoemulsions where we systematically varied the particle size R between 80 and 270 nm and demonstrate that the surface charge density σ changes drastically with size: For sizes >200 nm, σ is similar to what can be expected at flat extended interfaces, while σ is dramatically reduced by almost an order of magnitude when the particle size of the oil droplet is 80 nm. Using a theoretical approach that considers counterion condensation, we quantify the nanoscale effects on the change in surface charge with particle size and find excellent agreement with our experimental result. Modeling of the experimental results also implies that the charge per particle remains constant and depends on a critical balance of surfactant adsorption and ion condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Glikman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Björn Braunschweig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Foucaud Y, Siboulet B, Duvail M, Jonchere A, Diat O, Vuilleumier R, Dufrêche JF. Deciphering second harmonic generation signals. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15134-15142. [PMID: 34909155 PMCID: PMC8612378 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) has emerged as one of the most powerful techniques used to selectively monitor surface dynamics and reactions for all types of interfaces as well as for imaging non-centrosymmetric structures, although the molecular origin of the SHG signal is still poorly understood. Here, we present a breakthrough approach to predict and interpret the SHG signal at the atomic level, which is freed from the hyperpolarisability concept and self-consistently considers the non-locality and the coupling with the environment. The direct ab initio method developed here shows that a bulk quadrupole contribution significantly overwhelms the interface dipole term in the purely interfacial induced second-order polarisation for water/air interfaces. The obtained simulated SHG responses are in unprecedented agreement with the experimental signal. This work not only paves the road for the prediction of SHG response from more complex interfaces of all types, but also suggests new insights in the interpretation of the SHG signal at a molecular level. In particular, it highlights the modest influence of the molecular orientation and the high significance of the bulk quadrupole contribution, which does not depend on the interface, in the total experimental response. Second harmonic generation is one of the most powerful techniques used to selectively probe interfaces of all types. The direct ab initio method developed here allows predicting the signal and highlights the importance of local and non-local effects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Foucaud
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM Marcoule France
| | | | - Magali Duvail
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM Marcoule France
| | - Alban Jonchere
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM Marcoule France
| | - Olivier Diat
- ICSM, Univ Montpellier, CEA, CNRS, ENSCM Marcoule France
| | - Rodolphe Vuilleumier
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
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13
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Moll CJ, Versluis J, Bakker HJ. Direct Evidence for a Surface and Bulk Specific Response in the Sum-Frequency Generation Spectrum of the Water Bend Vibration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:116001. [PMID: 34558941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We study the bending mode of pure water and charged aqueous surfaces using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. We observe a low (1626 cm^{-1}) and a high (1656 cm^{-1}) frequency component that can be unambiguously assigned to an interfacial dipole and a bulk quadrupolar response, respectively. We thus demonstrate that probing the bending mode provides structural and quantitative information on both the surface and the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Moll
- AMOLF, Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Versluis
- AMOLF, Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H J Bakker
- AMOLF, Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Seki T, Yu CC, Chiang KY, Tan J, Sun S, Ye S, Bonn M, Nagata Y. Disentangling Sum-Frequency Generation Spectra of the Water Bending Mode at Charged Aqueous Interfaces. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7060-7067. [PMID: 34159786 PMCID: PMC8279539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the sum-frequency generation (SFG) signal of the water bending mode has been controversially debated in the past decade. Unveiling the origin of the signal is essential, because different assignments lead to different views on the molecular structure of interfacial water. Here, we combine collinear heterodyne-detected SFG spectroscopy at the water-charged lipid interfaces with systematic variation of the salt concentration. The results show that the bending mode response is of a dipolar, rather than a quadrupolar, nature and allows us to disentangle the response of water in the Stern and the diffuse layers. While the diffuse layer response is identical for the oppositely charged surfaces, the Stern layer responses reflect interfacial hydrogen bonding. Our findings thus corroborate that the water bending mode signal is a suitable probe for the structure of interfacial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Seki
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chun-Chieh Yu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kuo-Yang Chiang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical
Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Shumei Sun
- Department
of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical
Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Yamaguchi S, Otosu T. Progress in phase-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18253-18267. [PMID: 34195730 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01994e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy is a unique and powerful tool for investigating surfaces and interfaces at the molecular level. Phase-sensitive SFG (PS-SFG) is an upgraded technique that can overcome the inherent drawbacks of conventional SFG. Here we review several methods of PS-SFG developed and reported in 1990-2020. We introduce how and by which group each PS-SFG method was designed and built in terms of interferometer implementation for optical heterodyne detection, with one exception of a recent numerical method that does not rely on interferometry. We also discuss how PS-SFG solved some typical problems for aqueous interfaces that were once left open by conventional SFG. These problems and their solutions are good examples to demonstrate why PS-SFG is essential. In addition, we briefly note a few terminology issues related with PS-SFG to avoid confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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16
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Ma E, Ohno PE, Kim J, Liu Y, Lozier EH, Miller TF, Wang HF, Geiger FM. A New Imaginary Term in the Second-Order Nonlinear Susceptibility from Charged Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5649-5659. [PMID: 34110833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonresonant second harmonic generation (SHG) phase and amplitude measurements obtained from the silica-water interface at varying pH values and an ionic strength of 0.5 M point to the existence of a nonlinear susceptibility term, which we call χX(3), that is associated with a 90° phase shift. Including this contribution in a model for the total effective second-order nonlinear susceptibility produces reasonable point estimates for interfacial potentials and second-order nonlinear susceptibilities when χX(3) ≈ 1.5χwater(3). A model without this term and containing only traditional χ(2) and χ(3) terms cannot recapitulate the experimental data. The new model also provides a demonstrated utility for distinguishing apparent differences in the second-order nonlinear susceptibility when the electrolyte is NaCl versus MgSO4, pointing to the possibility of using heterodyne-detected SHG to investigate ion specificity in interfacial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Paul E Ohno
- Harvard University Center of the Environment, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yangdongling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Emilie H Lozier
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Thomas F Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Sciences, Westlake University, Shilongshan Road No. 18, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
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17
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Abstract
The basic theory of sum-frequency generation (SFG) is revisited. A rigorous derivation showing that linear optical transmission and reflection at an interface result from the interference of the incident wave and induced radiation wave in a medium is presented. The derivation is extended to SFG in a medium with a finite interface layer to see how SFG evolves. Detailed description on interface vs bulk and electric dipole (ED) vs electric quadrupole (EQ) contribution to SFG are provided with essentially no model dependence, putting the theory of SFG on a solid ground and removing possible existing confusions. Electric-quadrupole contributions to SFG from the interface and bulk are discussed. It is seen that there is a relevant bulk EQ contribution intrinsically inseparable in measurement from the interface ED contribution but plays a major role among all EQ contributions; its importance relative to the ED part can only be judged by referring to the established reference cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Shen
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94707, USA and Physics Department, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Ahmed M, Nihonyanagi S, Kundu A, Yamaguchi S, Tahara T. Resolving the Controversy over Dipole versus Quadrupole Mechanism of Bend Vibration of Water in Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9123-9130. [PMID: 33147973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been controversy over whether the HOH bend signal of water in the vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectrum arises from the conventional dipole mechanism or the quadrupole mechanism. Here, we show that the Im χ(2) (the imaginary part of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility) spectra of the HOH bend mode of water at oppositely charged monolayer/water interfaces all exhibit positive bands, irrespective of the difference in the sign of the charge at the interface. Furthermore, it is found that the peak frequency of the HOH bend band substantially changes depending on the chemical structure of the charged headgroup located at the interface. These results demonstrate that the VSFG signal of the HOH bend vibration is generated from interfacial water with the interfacial quadrupole mechanism that is associated with the large field gradient of incident lights localized in a very thin region at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmed
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Achintya Kundu
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Yang WC, Busson B, Hore DK. Determining nonlinear optical coefficients of metals by multiple angle of incidence heterodyne-detected sum-frequency generation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:084708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Bertrand Busson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dennis K. Hore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
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20
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Chang H, Ohno PE, Liu Y, Lozier EH, Dalchand N, Geiger FM. Direct Measurement of Charge Reversal on Lipid Bilayers Using Heterodyne-Detected Second Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:641-649. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b09341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- HanByul Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Paul E. Ohno
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Yangdongling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Emilie H. Lozier
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Naomi Dalchand
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
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21
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Sayama A, Nihonyanagi S, Ohshima Y, Tahara T. In situ observation of the potential-dependent structure of an electrolyte/electrode interface by heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2580-2589. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HD-VSFG spectroscopy reveals the potential-dependent interfacial structure of an electrochemical interface at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sayama
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemistry
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Meguro
- Tokyo 152-8551
- Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako
- Saitama 351-0198
- Japan
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22
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Sun S, Schaefer J, Backus EHG, Bonn M. How surface-specific is 2nd-order non-linear spectroscopy? J Chem Phys 2019; 151:230901. [PMID: 31864247 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfaces and interfaces play important roles in many processes and reactions and are therefore intensively studied, often with the aim of obtaining molecular-level information from just the interfacial layer. Generally, only the first few molecular layers next to the interface are relevant for the surface processes. In the past decades, 2nd-order nonlinear spectroscopies including sum-frequency generation and second harmonic generation have developed into powerful tools for obtaining molecularly specific insights into the interfacial region. These approaches have contributed substantially to our understanding of a wide range of physical phenomena. However, along with their wide-ranging applications, it has been realized that the implied surface-specificity of these approaches may not always be warranted. Specifically, the bulk quadrupole contribution beyond the electric dipole-approximation for a system with a weak nonlinear interface signal, as well as the diffuse layer contribution at charged interfaces, could mask the surface information. In this perspective paper, we discuss the surface-specificity of 2nd-order nonlinear spectroscopy, especially considering these two contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Schaefer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Matsuzaki K, Nihonyanagi S, Yamaguchi S, Nagata T, Tahara T. Quadrupolar mechanism for vibrational sum frequency generation at air/liquid interfaces: Theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5088192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Korenobu Matsuzaki
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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24
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Thämer M, Garling T, Campen RK, Wolf M. Quantitative determination of the nonlinear bulk and surface response from alpha-quartz using phase sensitive SFG spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thämer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Garling
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Kramer Campen
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 4-6 Faradayweg, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Sengupta S, Moberg DR, Paesani F, Tyrode E. Neat Water-Vapor Interface: Proton Continuum and the Nonresonant Background. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6744-6749. [PMID: 30407831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Whether the surface of neat water is "acidic" or "basic" remains an active and controversial field of research. Most of the experimental evidence supporting the preferential adsorption of H3O+ ions stems from nonlinear optical spectroscopy methods typically carried out at extreme pH conditions (pH < 1). Here, we use vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) to target the "proton continuum", an unexplored frequency range characteristic of hydrated protons and hydroxide ions. The VSFS spectra of neat water show a broad and nonzero signal intensity between 1700 and 3000 cm-1 in the three different polarization combinations examined. By comparing the SF response of water with that from dilute HCl and NaOH aqueous solutions, we conclude the intensity does not originate from either adsorbed H3O+ or OH- ions. Contributions from the nonresonant background are then critically considered by comparing the experimental results with many-body molecular dynamics (MB-MD) simulated spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | | | - Eric Tyrode
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
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26
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Averett SC, Stanley SK, Hanson JJ, Smith SJ, Patterson JE. Surface Spectroscopic Signatures of Mechanical Deformation in High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:1057-1068. [PMID: 29336602 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818757232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been extensively studied, both as a model for semi-crystalline polymers and because of its own industrial utility. During cold drawing, crystalline regions of HDPE are known to break up and align with the direction of tensile load. Structural changes due to deformation should also manifest at the surface of the polymer, but until now, a detailed molecular understanding of how the surface responds to mechanical deformation has been lacking. This work establishes a precedent for using vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy to investigate changes in the molecular-level structure of the surface of HDPE after cold drawing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm that the observed surface behavior corresponds to the expected bulk response. Before tensile loading, the VSFG spectra indicate that there is significant variability in the surface structure and tilt of the methylene groups away from the surface normal. After deformation, the VSFG spectroscopic signatures are notably different. These changes suggest that hydrocarbon chains at the surface of visibly necked HDPE are aligned with the direction of loading, while the associated methylene groups are oriented with the local C2v symmetry axis roughly parallel to the surface normal. Small amounts of unaltered material are also found at the surface of necked HDPE, with the relative amount of unaltered material decreasing as the amount of deformation increases. Aspects of the nonresonant SFG response in the transition zone between necked and undeformed polymer provide additional insight into the deformation process and may provide the first indication of mechanical deformation. Nonlinear surface spectroscopy can thus be used as a noninvasive and nondestructive tool to probe the stress history of a HPDE sample in situations where X-ray techniques are not available or not applicable. Vibrational sum-frequency generation thus has great potential as a platform for material state awareness (MSA) and should be considered as part of a broader suite of tools for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C Averett
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- 2 Current affiliation: Oterio Junior College, La Junta, CO, USA
| | - Steven K Stanley
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- 3 Current affiliation: McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Joshua J Hanson
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- 4 Current affiliation: IM Flash Technologies, Lehi, UT, USA
| | - Stacey J Smith
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - James E Patterson
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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27
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Moberg DR, Straight SC, Paesani F. Temperature Dependence of the Air/Water Interface Revealed by Polarization Sensitive Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4356-4365. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Moberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shelby C. Straight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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28
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Nojima Y, Suzuki Y, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi S. Proton Order toward the Surface of Ice I h Revealed by Heterodyne-Detected Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5031-5034. [PMID: 28968104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation (HD-SFG) spectroscopy, we investigated surface proton order at the basal, primary prism, and secondary prism faces of single-crystalline ice Ih at ca. 130 K. The complex phase of the obtained spectra clearly indicates that second-order nonlinear polarization from which the HD-SFG signal arises is generated exclusively at the surfaces. This suggests surface proton ordering along the normal, whereas the bulk remains proton-disordered, as is well known for ice Ih. A strong positive peak observed in the HD-SFG spectra enables us to determine the "direction" of the surface proton order as "H-up", that is, the hydrogen atom of the OH group pointing away from the bulk, irrespective of the ice faces. Reliable HD-SFG measurements carried out in the present study have greatly advanced our understanding of surface structure of ice Ih.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yudai Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Misato Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Ice is a fundamental solid with important environmental, biological, geological, and extraterrestrial impact. The stable form of ice at atmospheric pressure is hexagonal ice, Ih. Despite its prevalence, Ih remains an enigmatic solid, in part due to challenges in preparing samples for fundamental studies. Surfaces of ice present even greater challenges. Recently developed methods for preparation of large single-crystal samples make it possible to reproducibly prepare any chosen face to address numerous fundamental questions. This review describes preparation methods along with results that firmly establish the connection between the macroscopic structure (observed in snowflakes, microcrystallites, or etch pits) and the molecular-level configuration (detected with X-ray or electron scattering techniques). Selected results of probing interactions at the ice surface, including growth from the melt, surface vibrations, and characterization of the quasi-liquid layer, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jane Shultz
- Laboratory for Water and Surface Studies, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
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30
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Suzuki Y, Nojima Y, Yamaguchi S. Vibrational Coupling at the Topmost Surface of Water Revealed by Heterodyne-Detected Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1396-1401. [PMID: 28294626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling vibrational coupling is the key to consistently interpret vibrational spectra of complex molecular systems. The vibrational spectrum of the water surface heavily suffers from vibrational coupling, which hinders complete understanding of the molecular structure and dynamics of the water surface. Here we apply heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation spectroscopy to the water surface and accomplish the assignment of a weak vibrational band located at the lower energy side of the free OH stretch. We find that this band is due to a combination mode of the hydrogen-bonded OH stretch and a low-frequency intermolecular vibration, and this combination band appears in the surface vibrational spectrum through anharmonic vibrational coupling that takes place exclusively at the topmost surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Nojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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31
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Nihonyanagi S, Yamaguchi S, Tahara T. Ultrafast Dynamics at Water Interfaces Studied by Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10665-10693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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32
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Lin CK, Lei J, Lin YD, Lin SH. Electronic sum-frequency generation (ESFG) spectroscopy: theoretical formulation of resonances with symmetry-allowed and symmetry-forbidden electronic excited states. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1287437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Lin
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-De Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng Hsien Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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33
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Yamaguchi S. Comment on “Phase reference in phase-sensitive sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy” [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 244711 (2016)]. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:167101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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34
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Kundu A, Tanaka S, Ishiyama T, Ahmed M, Inoue KI, Nihonyanagi S, Sawai H, Yamaguchi S, Morita A, Tahara T. Bend Vibration of Surface Water Investigated by Heterodyne-Detected Sum Frequency Generation and Theoretical Study: Dominant Role of Quadrupole. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2597-601. [PMID: 27322348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy was applied to the water surface for measuring the imaginary part of second-order nonlinear susceptibility (Im χ((2))) spectrum in the bend frequency region for the first time. The observed Im χ((2)) spectrum shows an overall positive band around 1650 cm(-1), contradicting former theoretical predictions. We further found that the Im χ((2)) spectrum of NaI aqueous solution exhibits an even larger positive band, which is apparently contrary to the flip-flop orientation of surface water. These unexpected observations are elucidated by calculating quadrupole contributions beyond the conventional dipole approximation. It is indicated that the Im χ((2)) spectrum in the bend region has a large quadrupole contribution from the bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Kundu
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mohammed Ahmed
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sawai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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35
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Adhikari A. Accurate determination of complex χ(2) spectrum of the air/water interface. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Adhikari
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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36
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Yamaguchi S. Development of single-channel heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation spectroscopy and its application to the water/vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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37
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Abstract
Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy is surface specific only if the bulk contribution to the signal is negligible. Negligible bulk contribution is, however, not necessarily true, even for media with inversion symmetry. The inevitable challenge is to find the surface spectrum in the presence of bulk contribution, part of which has been believed to be inseparable from the surface contribution. Here, we show that, for nonpolar media, it is possible to separately deduce surface and bulk spectra from combined phase-sensitive sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopic measurements in reflection and transmission. The study of benzene interfaces is presented as an example.
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38
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O’Brien DB, Massari AM. Experimental evidence for an optical interference model for vibrational sum frequency generation on multilayer organic thin film systems. II. Consideration for higher order terms. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4904926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Aaron M. Massari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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39
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Mondal SK, Inoue KI, Yamaguchi S, Tahara T. Anomalous effective polarity of an air/liquid-mixture interface: a heterodyne-detected electronic and vibrational sum frequency generation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23720-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04264j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SFG reveals that the interfacial effective polarity of the air/liquid-mixture interface increases significantly when the bulk polarity of the mixture decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken-ichi Inoue
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako 351-0198
- Japan
| | | | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako 351-0198
- Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team
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40
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Zheng RH, Wei WM, Shi Q. Theoretical investigation of quadrupole contributions to surface sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9068-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05347h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method of calculating quadrupole contributions to surface sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Wen-mei Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Basic Medicine
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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41
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Kundu A, Yamaguchi S, Tahara T. Evaluation of pH at Charged Lipid/Water Interfaces by Heterodyne-Detected Electronic Sum Frequency Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:762-766. [PMID: 26270850 DOI: 10.1021/jz500107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the interface pH at a biological membrane is important for biological processes at the membrane, there has been no systematic study to evaluate it. We apply novel interface-selective nonlinear spectroscopy to the evaluation of the pH at model biological membranes (lipid/water interfaces). It is clearly shown that the pH at the charged lipid/water interfaces is substantially deviated from the bulk pH. The pH at the lipid/water interface is higher than that in the bulk when the head group of the lipid is positively charged, whereas the pH at the lipid/water interface is lower when the lipid has a negatively charged head group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Kundu
- †Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- †Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- †Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- ‡Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Beierlein FR, Krause AM, Jäger CM, Fita P, Vauthey E, Clark T. Molecular dynamics simulations of liquid phase interfaces: understanding the structure of the glycerol/water-dodecane system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11898-11907. [PMID: 23980615 DOI: 10.1021/la4021355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern spectroscopic techniques such as time-resolved second-harmonic-generation spectroscopy allow molecules to be examined selectively directly at phase interfaces. Two-phase systems formed by glycerol/water and alkane layers have previously been studied by time-resolved second-harmonic-generation spectroscopic measurements. In this molecular dynamics study, a triphenylmethane dye was inserted at the glycerol/water-alkane interface and was used as a probe for local properties such as viscosity. We now show how extensive simulations over a wide range of concentrations can be used to obtain a detailed view of the molecular structure at the glycerol/water-alkane interface. Glycerol is accumulated in a double layer adjacent to the alkane interface, which results in increased viscosity of the glycerol/water phase in the direct vicinity of the interface. We also show that conformational ensembles created by classical molecular-dynamics simulations can serve as input for QM/MM calculations, yielding further information such as transition dipoles, which can be compared with spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Beierlein
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstr. 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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43
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Jang JH, Lydiatt F, Lindsay R, Baldelli S. Quantitative Orientation Analysis by Sum Frequency Generation in the Presence of Near-Resonant Background Signal: Acetonitrile on Rutile TiO2 (110). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6288-302. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401019p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Hee Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003,
United States United States
| | - Francis Lydiatt
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Rob Lindsay
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Steven Baldelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204-5003,
United States United States
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44
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Matsuzaki K, Nihonyanagi S, Yamaguchi S, Nagata T, Tahara T. Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation by the Quadrupolar Mechanism at the Nonpolar Benzene/Air Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1654-1658. [PMID: 26282974 DOI: 10.1021/jz400829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interface selectivity of vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy is explained under the dipole approximation as resulting from the breakdown of inversion symmetry at the interface. From this viewpoint, VSFG is not expected to occur at the interface consisting of centrosymmetric molecules, because the inversion symmetry is preserved even at the interface. In reality, however, VSFG at the nonpolar benzene/air interface has been observed with traditional homodyne-detected VSFG. Here we report a heterodyne-detected VSFG study of the benzene/air interface. The result strongly indicates that VSFG at this interface cannot be explained within the framework of the dipole approximation. The selection rule and polarization dependence of the observed VSFG signal show that the quadrupole transition plays an essential role because of the field discontinuity at the interface. This finding implies the applicability of interface-selective VSFG to the nonpolar interfaces comprising centrosymmetric molecules, which opens a new possibility of VSFG spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korenobu Matsuzaki
- †Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- †Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- †Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- †Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Nihonyanagi S, Mondal JA, Yamaguchi S, Tahara T. Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water Studied by Heterodyne-Detected Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2013; 64:579-603. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahur A. Mondal
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
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46
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Computational analysis of the quadrupole contribution in the second-harmonic generation spectroscopy for the water/vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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47
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Yamaguchi S, Kundu A, Sen P, Tahara T. Communication: Quantitative estimate of the water surface pH using heterodyne-detected electronic sum frequency generation. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:151101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4758805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Shiratori K, Morita A. Theory of Quadrupole Contributions from Interface and Bulk in Second-Order Optical Processes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Shiratori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Akihiro Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
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49
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Mondal SK, Kundu A. “Up” versus “down” alignment and hydration structures of solutes at the air/water interface revealed by heterodyne-detected electronic sum frequency generation with classical molecular dynamics simulation. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:194705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3662136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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