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Potamianos D, Schnitzenbaumer M, Lemell C, Scigalla P, Libisch F, Schock-Schmidtke E, Haimerl M, Schröder C, Schäffer M, Küchle JT, Riemensberger J, Eberle K, Cui Y, Kleineberg U, Burgdörfer J, Barth JV, Feulner P, Allegretti F, Kienberger R. Attosecond chronoscopy of the photoemission near a bandgap of a single-element layered dielectric. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0073. [PMID: 38924399 PMCID: PMC11204203 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
We report on the energy dependence of the photoemission time delay from the single-element layered dielectric HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite). This system offers the unique opportunity to directly observe the Eisenbud-Wigner-Smith (EWS) time delays related to the bulk electronic band structure without being strongly perturbed by ubiquitous effects of transport, screening, and multiple scattering. We find the experimental streaking time shifts to be sensitive to the modulation of the density of states in the high-energy region (E ≈ 100 eV) of the band structure. The present attosecond chronoscopy experiments reveal an energy-dependent increase of the photoemission time delay when the final state energy of the excited electrons lies in the vicinity of the bandgap providing information difficult to access by conventional spectroscopy. Accompanying simulations further corroborate our interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoph Lemell
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Pascal Scigalla
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Florian Libisch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | | | - Michael Haimerl
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Christian Schröder
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Martin Schäffer
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Johannes T. Küchle
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Johann Riemensberger
- Laboratory of Photonics and Quantum Measurements, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Karl Eberle
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Yang Cui
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Ulf Kleineberg
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Joachim Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, 85748, Germany
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2
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Ash R, Abhari Z, Candela R, Welke N, Murawski J, Gardezi SM, Venkatasubramanian N, Munawar M, Siewert F, Sokolov A, LaDuca Z, Kawasaki J, Bergmann U. X-FAST: A versatile, high-throughput, and user-friendly XUV femtosecond absorption spectroscopy tabletop instrument. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:073004. [PMID: 37462459 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the X-FAST (XUV Femtosecond Absorption Spectroscopy Tabletop) instrument at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The instrument produces femtosecond extreme ultraviolet photon pulses via high-harmonic generation in the range of 40-72 eV, as well as optical pump pulses for transient-absorption experiments. The system implements a gas-cooled sample cell that enables studying the dynamics of thermally sensitive thin-film samples. This paper provides potential users with specifications of the optical, vacuum, data acquisition, and sample cooling systems of the X-FAST instrument, along with performance metrics and data of an ultrafast laser-induced phase transition in a Ni2MnGa Heusler thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ash
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Zain Abhari
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Roberta Candela
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Noah Welke
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jake Murawski
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Minhal Gardezi
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - Muneeza Munawar
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Frank Siewert
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Department of Optics and Beamlines, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Sokolov
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Department of Optics and Beamlines, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zachary LaDuca
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1509 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jason Kawasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1509 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, 1150 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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3
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Riemensberger J, Neppl S, Potamianos D, Schäffer M, Schnitzenbaumer M, Ossiander M, Schröder C, Guggenmos A, Kleineberg U, Menzel D, Allegretti F, Barth JV, Kienberger R, Feulner P, Borisov AG, Echenique PM, Kazansky AK. Attosecond Dynamics of sp-Band Photoexcitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:176801. [PMID: 31702261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.176801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the temporal dynamics of the valence band photoemission from the magnesium (0001) surface across the resonance of the Γ[over ¯] surface state at 134 eV and link them to observations of high-resolution synchrotron photoemission and numerical calculations of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation using an effective single-electron model potential. We observe a decrease in the time delay between photoemission from delocalized valence states and the localized core orbitals on resonance. Our approach to rigorously link excitation energy-resolved conventional steady-state photoemission with attosecond streaking spectroscopy reveals the connection between energy-space properties of bound electronic states and the temporal dynamics of the fundamental electronic excitations underlying the photoelectric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Riemensberger
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan Neppl
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dionysios Potamianos
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Schäffer
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Ossiander
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Schröder
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Guggenmos
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ulf Kleineberg
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dietrich Menzel
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kienberger
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andrei G Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, bât 520, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU; Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pedro M Echenique
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU; Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Andrey K Kazansky
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU; Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Ossiander M, Riemensberger J, Neppl S, Mittermair M, Schäffer M, Duensing A, Wagner MS, Heider R, Wurzer M, Gerl M, Schnitzenbaumer M, Barth JV, Libisch F, Lemell C, Burgdörfer J, Feulner P, Kienberger R. Absolute timing of the photoelectric effect. Nature 2018; 561:374-377. [PMID: 30232421 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photoemission spectroscopy is central to understanding the inner workings of condensed matter, from simple metals and semiconductors to complex materials such as Mott insulators and superconductors1. Most state-of-the-art knowledge about such solids stems from spectroscopic investigations, and use of subfemtosecond light pulses can provide a time-domain perspective. For example, attosecond (10-18 seconds) metrology allows electron wave packet creation, transport and scattering to be followed on atomic length scales and on attosecond timescales2-7. However, previous studies could not disclose the duration of these processes, because the arrival time of the photons was not known with attosecond precision. Here we show that this main source of ambiguity can be overcome by introducing the atomic chronoscope method, which references all measured timings to the moment of light-pulse arrival and therefore provides absolute timing of the processes under scrutiny. Our proof-of-principle experiment reveals that photoemission from the tungsten conduction band can proceed faster than previously anticipated. By contrast, the duration of electron emanation from core states is correctly described by semiclassical modelling. These findings highlight the necessity of treating the origin, initial excitation and transport of electrons in advanced modelling of the attosecond response of solids, and our absolute data provide a benchmark. Starting from a robustly characterized surface, we then extend attosecond spectroscopy towards isolating the emission properties of atomic adsorbates on surfaces and demonstrate that these act as photoemitters with instantaneous response. We also find that the tungsten core-electron timing remains unchanged by the adsorption of less than one monolayer of dielectric atoms, providing a starting point for the exploration of excitation and charge migration in technologically and biologically relevant adsorbate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ossiander
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
| | - J Riemensberger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
| | - S Neppl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mittermair
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - M Schäffer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
| | - A Duensing
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - M S Wagner
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - R Heider
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - M Wurzer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - M Gerl
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
| | - M Schnitzenbaumer
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - J V Barth
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - F Libisch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Lemell
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Feulner
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - R Kienberger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
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5
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Schmidt J, Guggenmos A, Chew SH, Gliserin A, Högner M, Kling MF, Zou J, Späth C, Kleineberg U. Development of a 10 kHz high harmonic source up to 140 eV photon energy for ultrafast time-, angle-, and phase-resolved photoelectron emission spectroscopy on solid targets. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083105. [PMID: 28863646 DOI: 10.1063/1.4989399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a newly developed high harmonic beamline for time-, angle-, and carrier-envelope phase-resolved extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy on solid targets for the investigation of ultrafast band structure dynamics in the low-fs to sub-fs time regime. The source operates at a repetition rate of 10 kHz and is driven by 5 fs few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses generating high harmonic radiation with photon energies up to 120 eV at a feasible flux. The experimental end station consists of a complementary combination of photoelectron detectors which are able to spectroscopically address electron dynamics both in real and in k-space. The versatility of the source is completed by a phase-meter which allows for tracking the carrier-envelope phase for each pulse and which is synchronized to the photoelectron detectors, thus enabling phase sensitive measurements on the one hand and the selection of single attosecond pulses for ultimate time resolution in pump-probe experiments on the other hand. We demonstrate the applicability of the source by an angle- and carrier-envelope phase-resolved photoemission measurement on a tungsten (110) surface with 95 eV extreme ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmidt
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Guggenmos
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S H Chew
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Gliserin
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Högner
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Zou
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Späth
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - U Kleineberg
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Guggenmos A, Akil A, Ossiander M, Schäffer M, Azzeer AM, Boehm G, Amann MC, Kienberger R, Schultze M, Kleineberg U. Attosecond photoelectron streaking with enhanced energy resolution for small-bandgap materials. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3714-3717. [PMID: 27519070 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond photoelectron streaking spectroscopy allows time-resolved electron dynamics with a temporal resolution approaching the atomic unit of time. Studies have been performed in numerous systems, including atoms, molecules, and surfaces, and the quest for ever higher temporal resolution called for ever wider spectral extent of the attosecond pulses. For typical experiments relying on attosecond pulses with a duration of 200 as, the time-bandwidth limitation for a Gaussian pulse implies a minimal spectral bandwidth larger than 9 eV translating to a corresponding spread of the detected photoelectron kinetic energies. Here, by utilizing a specially tailored narrowband reflective XUV multilayer mirror, we explore experimentally the minimal spectral width compatible with attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy while obtaining the highest possible spectral resolution. The validity of the concept is proven by recording attosecond electron streaking traces from the direct semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs), with a nominal bandgap of 1.42 eV at room temperature, proving the potential of the approach for tracking charge dynamics also in these technologically highly relevant materials that previously have been inaccessible to attosecond science.
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7
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Ramasesha K, Leone SR, Neumark DM. Real-Time Probing of Electron Dynamics Using Attosecond Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:41-63. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Ramasesha
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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8
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Schmidt J, Guggenmos A, Hofstetter M, Chew SH, Kleineberg U. Generation of circularly polarized high harmonic radiation using a transmission multilayer quarter waveplate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:33564-33578. [PMID: 26832020 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.033564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic radiation is meanwhile nearly extensively used for the spectroscopic investigation of electron dynamics with ultimate time resolution. The majority of high harmonic beamlines provide linearly polarized radiation created in a gas target. However, circular polarization greatly extends the spectroscopic possibilities for high harmonics, especially in the analysis of samples with chirality or prominent spin polarization. We produced a free-standing multilayer foil as a transmission EUV quarter waveplate and applied it for the first time to high harmonic radiation. We measured a broadband (4.6 eV FWHM) ellipticity of 75% at 66 eV photon energy with a transmission efficiency of 5%. The helicity is switchable and the ellipticity can be adjusted to lower values by angle tuning. As a single element it can be easily integrated in any existing harmonic beamline without major changes.
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9
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Weber SJ, Manschwetus B, Billon M, Böttcher M, Bougeard M, Breger P, Géléoc M, Gruson V, Huetz A, Lin N, Picard YJ, Ruchon T, Salières P, Carré B. Flexible attosecond beamline for high harmonic spectroscopy and XUV/near-IR pump probe experiments requiring long acquisition times. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033108. [PMID: 25832212 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the versatile features of the attosecond beamline recently installed at CEA-Saclay on the PLFA kHz laser. It combines a fine and very complete set of diagnostics enabling high harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) through the advanced characterization of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the harmonic emission. It also allows a variety of photo-ionization experiments using magnetic bottle and COLTRIMS (COLd Target Recoil Ion Momentum Microscopy) electron spectrometers that may be used simultaneously, thanks to a two-foci configuration. Using both passive and active stabilization, special care was paid to the long term stability of the system to allow, using both experimental approaches, time resolved studies with attosecond precision, typically over several hours of acquisition times. As an illustration, applications to multi-orbital HHS and electron-ion coincidence time resolved spectroscopy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Weber
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Manschwetus
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Billon
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Böttcher
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - M Bougeard
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Breger
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Géléoc
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - V Gruson
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Huetz
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - N Lin
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Y J Picard
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - T Ruchon
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Salières
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Carré
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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10
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Neppl S, Shavorskiy A, Zegkinoglou I, Fraund M, Slaughter DS, Troy T, Ziemkiewicz MP, Ahmed M, Gul S, Rude B, Zhang JZ, Tremsin AS, Glans PA, Liu YS, Wu CH, Guo J, Salmeron M, Bluhm H, Gessner O. Capturing interfacial photoelectrochemical dynamics with picosecond time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:219-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved core-level spectroscopy using laser pulses to initiate and short X-ray pulses to trace photoinduced processes has the unique potential to provide electronic state- and atomic site-specific insight into fundamental electron dynamics in complex systems. Time-domain studies using transient X-ray absorption and emission techniques have proven extremely valuable to investigate electronic and structural dynamics in isolated and solvated molecules. Here, we describe the implementation of a picosecond time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TRXPS) technique at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) and its application to monitor photoinduced electron dynamics at the technologically pertinent interface formed by N3 dye molecules anchored to nanoporous ZnO. Indications for a dynamical chemical shift of the Ru3d photoemission line originating from the N3 metal centre are observed ∼30 ps after resonant HOMO–LUMO excitation with a visible laser pump pulse. The transient changes in the TRXPS spectra are accompanied by a characteristic surface photovoltage (SPV) response of the ZnO substrate on a pico- to nanosecond time scale. The interplay between the two phenomena is discussed in the context of possible electronic relaxation and recombination pathways that lead to the neutralisation of the transiently oxidised dye after ultrafast electron injection. A detailed account of the experimental technique is given including an analysis of the chemical modification of the nano-structured ZnO substrate during extended periods of solution-based dye sensitisation and its relevance for studies using surface-sensitive spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Neppl
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Andrey Shavorskiy
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Ioannis Zegkinoglou
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Matthew Fraund
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Daniel S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Tyler Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California Santa Cruz
| | - Bruce Rude
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Jin Z. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California Santa Cruz
- Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Anton S. Tremsin
- Space Sciences Laboratory
- University of California Berkeley
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Per-Anders Glans
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Cheng Hao Wu
- Materials Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California Berkeley
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley, USA
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11
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Locher R, Lucchini M, Herrmann J, Sabbar M, Weger M, Ludwig A, Castiglioni L, Greif M, Hengsberger M, Gallmann L, Keller U. Versatile attosecond beamline in a two-foci configuration for simultaneous time-resolved measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:013113. [PMID: 24517751 DOI: 10.1063/1.4862656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present our attoline which is a versatile attosecond beamline at the Ultrafast Laser Physics Group at ETH Zurich for attosecond spectroscopy in a variety of targets. High-harmonic generation (HHG) in noble gases with an infrared (IR) driving field is employed to generate pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral regime for XUV-IR cross-correlation measurements. The IR pulse driving the HHG and the pulse involved in the measurements are used in a non-collinear set-up that gives independent access to the different beams. Single attosecond pulses are generated with the polarization gating technique and temporally characterized with attosecond streaking. This attoline contains two target chambers that can be operated simultaneously. A toroidal mirror relay-images the focus from the first chamber into the second one. In the first interaction region a dedicated double-target allows for a simple change between photoelectron/photoion measurements with a time-of-flight spectrometer and transient absorption experiments. Any end station can occupy the second interaction chamber. A surface analysis chamber containing a hemispherical electron analyzer was employed to demonstrate successful operation. Simultaneous RABBITT measurements in two argon jets were recorded for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Locher
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Lucchini
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Herrmann
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Sabbar
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Weger
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Castiglioni
- Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Greif
- Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Hengsberger
- Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Gallmann
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Keller
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Frietsch B, Carley R, Döbrich K, Gahl C, Teichmann M, Schwarzkopf O, Wernet P, Weinelt M. A high-order harmonic generation apparatus for time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:075106. [PMID: 23902105 DOI: 10.1063/1.4812992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a table top setup for time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate band structure dynamics of correlated materials driven far from equilibrium by femtosecond laser pulse excitation. With the electron-phonon equilibration time being in the order of 1-2 ps it is necessary to achieve sub-picosecond time resolution. Few techniques provide both the necessary time and energy resolution to map non-equilibrium states of the band structure. Laser-driven high-order harmonic generation is such a technique. In our experiment, a grating monochromator delivers tunable photon energies up to 40 eV. A photon energy bandwidth of 150 meV and a pulse duration of 100 fs FWHM allow us to cover the k-space necessary to map valence bands at different kz and detect outer core states.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Frietsch
- Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Emaury F, Dutin CF, Saraceno CJ, Trant M, Heckl OH, Wang YY, Schriber C, Gerome F, Südmeyer T, Benabid F, Keller U. Beam delivery and pulse compression to sub-50 fs of a modelocked thin-disk laser in a gas-filled Kagome-type HC-PCF fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:4986-94. [PMID: 23482031 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.004986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present two experiments confirming that hypocycloid Kagome-type hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) are excellent candidates for beam delivery of MW peak powers and pulse compression down to the sub-50 fs regime. We demonstrate temporal pulse compression of a 1030-nm Yb:YAG thin disk laser providing 860 fs, 1.9 µJ pulses at 3.9 MHz. Using a single-pass grating pulse compressor, we obtained a pulse duration of 48 fs (FWHM), a spectral bandwidth of 58 nm, and an average output power of 4.2 W with an overall power efficiency into the final polarized compressed pulse of 56%. The pulse energy was 1.1 µJ. This corresponds to a peak power of more than 10 MW and a compression factor of 18 taking into account the exact temporal pulse profile measured with a SHG FROG. The compressed pulses were close to the transform limit of 44 fs. Moreover, we present transmission of up to 97 µJ pulses at 10.5 ps through 10-cm long fiber, corresponding to more than twice the critical peak power for self-focusing in silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Emaury
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Neppl S, Ernstorfer R, Bothschafter EM, Cavalieri AL, Menzel D, Barth JV, Krausz F, Kienberger R, Feulner P. Attosecond time-resolved photoemission from core and valence states of magnesium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:087401. [PMID: 23002773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.087401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on laser-assisted attosecond photoemission from single-crystalline magnesium. In strong contrast to the previously investigated transition metal tungsten, photoelectron wave packets originating from the localized core level and delocalized valence-band states are launched simultaneously from the solid within the experimental uncertainty of 20 as. This phenomenon is shown to be compatible with a heuristic model based on free-particle-like propagation of the electron wave packets generated inside the crystal by the attosecond excitation pulse and their subsequent interaction with the assisting laser field at the metal-vacuum interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neppl
- Physikdepartment E20, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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15
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Frank F, Arrell C, Witting T, Okell WA, McKenna J, Robinson JS, Haworth CA, Austin D, Teng H, Walmsley IA, Marangos JP, Tisch JWG. Invited review article: technology for attosecond science. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:071101. [PMID: 22852664 DOI: 10.1063/1.4731658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a complete technological system at Imperial College London for Attosecond Science studies. The system comprises a few-cycle, carrier envelope phase stabilized laser source which delivers sub 4 fs pulses to a vibration-isolated attosecond vacuum beamline. The beamline is used for the generation of isolated attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) at kilohertz repetition rates through laser-driven high harmonic generation in gas targets. The beamline incorporates: interferometers for producing pulse sequences for pump-probe studies; the facility to spectrally and spatially filter the harmonic radiation; an in-line spatially resolving XUV spectrometer; and a photoelectron spectroscopy chamber in which attosecond streaking is used to characterize the attosecond pulses. We discuss the technology and techniques behind the development of our complete system and summarize its performance. This versatile apparatus has enabled a number of new experimental investigations which we briefly describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frank
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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