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Muzzi L, Di Lisa D, Falappa M, Pepe S, Maccione A, Pastorino L, Martinoia S, Frega M. Human-Derived Cortical Neurospheroids Coupled to Passive, High-Density and 3D MEAs: A Valid Platform for Functional Tests. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040449. [PMID: 37106636 PMCID: PMC10136157 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and differentiation protocols, methods to create in-vitro human-derived neuronal networks have been proposed. Although monolayer cultures represent a valid model, adding three-dimensionality (3D) would make them more representative of an in-vivo environment. Thus, human-derived 3D structures are becoming increasingly used for in-vitro disease modeling. Achieving control over the final cell composition and investigating the exhibited electrophysiological activity is still a challenge. Thence, methodologies to create 3D structures with controlled cellular density and composition and platforms capable of measuring and characterizing the functional aspects of these samples are needed. Here, we propose a method to rapidly generate neurospheroids of human origin with control over cell composition that can be used for functional investigations. We show a characterization of the electrophysiological activity exhibited by the neurospheroids by using micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) with different types (i.e., passive, C-MOS, and 3D) and number of electrodes. Neurospheroids grown in free culture and transferred on MEAs exhibited functional activity that can be chemically and electrically modulated. Our results indicate that this model holds great potential for an in-depth study of signal transmission to drug screening and disease modeling and offers a platform for in-vitro functional testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Muzzi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Donatella Di Lisa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Falappa
- 3Brain AG, 8808 Pfäffikon, Switzerland
- Corticale Srl., 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Pepe
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pastorino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Shahrivari S, Aminoroaya N, Ghods R, Latifi H, Afjei SA, Saraygord-Afshari N, Bagheri Z. Toxicity of trastuzumab for breast cancer spheroids: Application of a novel on-a-chip concentration gradient generator. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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The Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Articular Cartilage Regeneration and Disease Modelling: Are We Ready for Their Clinical Use? Cells 2022; 11:cells11030529. [PMID: 35159338 PMCID: PMC8834349 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells has brought unlimited possibilities to the field of regenerative medicine. This could be ideal for treating osteoarthritis and other skeletal diseases, because the current procedures tend to be short-term solutions. The usage of induced pluripotent stem cells in the cell-based regeneration of cartilage damages could replace or improve on the current techniques. The patient’s specific non-invasive collection of tissue for reprogramming purposes could also create a platform for drug screening and disease modelling for an overview of distinct skeletal abnormalities. In this review, we seek to summarise the latest achievements in the chondrogenic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for regenerative purposes and disease modelling.
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4
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Kheiri S, Kumacheva E, Young EWK. Computational Modelling and Big Data Analysis of Flow and Drug Transport in Microfluidic Systems: A Spheroid-on-a-Chip Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:781566. [PMID: 34888303 PMCID: PMC8650096 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.781566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic tumour spheroid-on-a-chip platforms enable control of spheroid size and their microenvironment and offer the capability of high-throughput drug screening, but drug supply to spheroids is a complex process that depends on a combination of mechanical, biochemical, and biophysical factors. To account for these coupled effects, many microfluidic device designs and operating conditions must be considered and optimized in a time- and labour-intensive trial-and-error process. Computational modelling facilitates a systematic exploration of a large design parameter space via in silico simulations, but the majority of in silico models apply only a small set of conditions or parametric levels. Novel approaches to computational modelling are needed to explore large parameter spaces and accelerate the optimization of spheroid-on-a-chip and other organ-on-a-chip designs. Here, we report an efficient computational approach for simulating fluid flow and transport of drugs in a high-throughput arrayed cancer spheroid-on-a-chip platform. Our strategy combines four key factors: i) governing physical equations; ii) parametric sweeping; iii) parallel computing; and iv) extensive dataset analysis, thereby enabling a complete “full-factorial” exploration of the design parameter space in combinatorial fashion. The simulations were conducted in a time-efficient manner without requiring massive computational time. As a case study, we simulated >15,000 microfluidic device designs and flow conditions for a representative multicellular spheroids-on-a-chip arrayed device, thus acquiring a single dataset consisting of ∼10 billion datapoints in ∼95 GBs. To validate our computational model, we performed physical experiments in a representative spheroid-on-a-chip device that showed excellent agreement between experimental and simulated data. This study offers a computational strategy to accelerate the optimization of microfluidic device designs and provide insight on the flow and drug transport in spheroid-on-a-chip and other biomicrofluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kheiri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Qin X, Liu Y. From cell spheroids to vascularized cancer organoids: Microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip models for preclinical drug evaluations. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:061503. [PMID: 34804315 PMCID: PMC8589468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective cancer treatments. Starting from the discovery of new molecular entities, it usually takes about 10 years and 2 billion U.S. dollars to bring an effective anti-cancer drug from the benchtop to patients. Due to the physiological differences between animal models and humans, more than 90% of drug candidates failed in phase I clinical trials. Thus, a more efficient drug screening system to identify feasible compounds and pre-exclude less promising drug candidates is strongly desired. For their capability to accurately construct in vitro tumor models derived from human cells to reproduce pathological and physiological processes, microfluidic tumor chips are reliable platforms for preclinical drug screening, personalized medicine, and fundamental oncology research. This review summarizes the recent progress of the microfluidic tumor chip and highlights tumor vascularization strategies. In addition, promising imaging modalities for enhancing data acquisition and machine learning-based image analysis methods to accurately quantify the dynamics of tumor spheroids are introduced. It is believed that the microfluidic tumor chip will serve as a high-throughput, biomimetic, and multi-sensor integrated system for efficient preclinical drug evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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6
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Zhuang P, Chiang YH, Fernanda MS, He M. Using Spheroids as Building Blocks Towards 3D Bioprinting of Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:444. [PMID: 34805601 PMCID: PMC8600307 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer still ranks as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to anticancer therapeutics, progress is still slow, partially due to the absence of robust prediction models. Multicellular tumor spheroids, as a major three-dimensional (3D) culture model exhibiting features of avascular tumors, gained great popularity in pathophysiological studies and high throughput drug screening. However, limited control over cellular and structural organization is still the key challenge in achieving in vivo like tissue microenvironment. 3D bioprinting has made great strides toward tissue/organ mimicry, due to its outstanding spatial control through combining both cells and materials, scalability, and reproducibility. Prospectively, harnessing the power from both 3D bioprinting and multicellular spheroids would likely generate more faithful tumor models and advance our understanding on the mechanism of tumor progression. In this review, the emerging concept on using spheroids as a building block in 3D bioprinting for tumor modeling is illustrated. We begin by describing the context of the tumor microenvironment, followed by an introduction of various methodologies for tumor spheroid formation, with their specific merits and drawbacks. Thereafter, we present an overview of existing 3D printed tumor models using spheroids as a focus. We provide a compilation of the contemporary literature sources and summarize the overall advancements in technology and possibilities of using spheroids as building blocks in 3D printed tissue modeling, with a particular emphasis on tumor models. Future outlooks about the wonderous advancements of integrated 3D spheroidal printing conclude this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | | | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
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7
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Bajgiran KR, Cordova AS, Elkhanoufi R, Dorman JA, Melvin AT. Simultaneous Droplet Generation with In-Series Droplet T-Junctions Induced by Gravity-Induced Flow. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101211. [PMID: 34683262 PMCID: PMC8540845 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics offers a wide range of applications, including high-throughput drug screening and single-cell DNA amplification. However, these platforms are often limited to single-input conditions that prevent them from analyzing multiple input parameters (e.g., combined cellular treatments) in a single experiment. Droplet multiplexing will result in higher overall throughput, lowering cost of fabrication, and cutting down the hands-on time in number of applications such as single-cell analysis. Additionally, while lab-on-a-chip fabrication costs have decreased in recent years, the syringe pumps required for generating droplets of uniform shape and size remain cost-prohibitive for researchers interested in utilizing droplet microfluidics. This work investigates the potential of simultaneously generating droplets from a series of three in-line T-junctions utilizing gravity-driven flow to produce consistent, well-defined droplets. Implementing reservoirs with equal heights produced inconsistent flow rates that increased as a function of the distance between the aqueous inlets and the oil inlet. Optimizing the three reservoir heights identified that taller reservoirs were needed for aqueous inlets closer to the oil inlet. Studying the relationship between the ratio of oil-to-water flow rates (Φ) found that increasing Φ resulted in smaller droplets and an enhanced droplet generation rate. An ANOVA was performed on droplet diameter to confirm no significant difference in droplet size from the three different aqueous inlets. The work described here offers an alternative approach to multiplexed droplet microfluidic devices allowing for the high-throughput interrogation of three sample conditions in a single device. It also has provided an alternative method to induce droplet formation that does not require multiple syringe pumps.
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8
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Tiwari AP, Thorat ND, Pricl S, Patil RM, Rohiwal S, Townley H. Bioink: a 3D-bioprinting tool for anticancer drug discovery and cancer management. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1574-1590. [PMID: 33741496 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
'Bioinks' are important tools for the fabrication of artificial living-tissue constructs that are able to mimic all properties of native tissues via 3D bioprinting technologies. Bioinks are most commonly made by incorporating live cells of interest within a natural or synthetic biocompatible polymeric matrix. In oncology research, the ability to recreate a tumor microenvironment (TME) using by 3D bioprinting constitutes a promising approach for drug development, screening, and in vitro cancer modeling. Here, we review the different types of bioink used for 3D bioprinting, with a focus on its application in cancer management. In addition, we consider the fabrication of bioink using customized materials/cells and their properties in the field of cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita P Tiwari
- Department of stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil University, Kolhapur, India
| | - Nanasaheb D Thorat
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- MolBNL@UniTS-DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rakesh M Patil
- Regional Forensic Science Laboratory Maharashtra State, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Rohiwal
- Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, vvi., Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Helen Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Kim SJ, Kim EM, Yamamoto M, Park H, Shin H. Engineering Multi-Cellular Spheroids for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000608. [PMID: 32734719 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multi-cellular spheroids are formed as a 3D structure with dense cell-cell/cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and thus, have been widely utilized as implantable therapeutics and various ex vivo tissue models in tissue engineering. In principle, spheroid culture methods maximize cell-cell cohesion and induce spontaneous cellular assembly while minimizing cellular interactions with substrates by using physical forces such as gravitational or centrifugal forces, protein-repellant biomaterials, and micro-structured surfaces. In addition, biofunctional materials including magnetic nanoparticles, polymer microspheres, and nanofiber particles are combined with cells to harvest composite spheroids, to accelerate spheroid formation, to increase the mechanical properties and viability of spheroids, and to direct differentiation of stem cells into desirable cell types. Biocompatible hydrogels are developed to produce microgels for the fabrication of size-controlled spheroids with high efficiency. Recently, spheroids have been further engineered to fabricate structurally and functionally reliable in vitro artificial 3D tissues of the desired shape with enhanced specific biological functions. This paper reviews the overall characteristics of spheroids and general/advanced spheroid culture techniques. Significant roles of functional biomaterials in advanced spheroid engineering with emphasis on the use of spheroids in the reconstruction of artificial 3D tissue for tissue engineering are also thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jeong Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- Biomedical Engineering for Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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10
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Salehi SS, Shamloo A, Hannani SK. Microfluidic technologies to engineer mesenchymal stem cell aggregates-applications and benefits. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:123-133. [PMID: 31953794 PMCID: PMC7040154 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture and the forming multicellular aggregates are superior over traditional monolayer approaches due to better mimicking of in vivo conditions and hence functions of a tissue. A considerable amount of attention has been devoted to devising efficient methods for the rapid formation of uniform-sized multicellular aggregates. Microfluidic technology describes a platform of techniques comprising microchannels to manipulate the small number of reagents with unique properties and capabilities suitable for biological studies. The focus of this review is to highlight recent studies of using microfluidics, especially droplet-based types for the formation, culture, and harvesting of mesenchymal stem cell aggregates and their subsequent application in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and drug screening. Droplet-based microfluidics can be used to form microgels as carriers for delivering cells and to provide biological cues to the target tissue so as to be minimally invasive. Stem cell-laden microgels with a shape-forming property can be used as smart building blocks by injecting them into the injured tissue thereby constituting the cornerstone of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Suryaprakash S, Lao YH, Cho HY, Li M, Ji HY, Shao D, Hu H, Quek CH, Huang D, Mintz RL, Bagó JR, Hingtgen SD, Lee KB, Leong KW. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Nanomedicine Spheroid as an Active Drug Delivery Platform for Combinational Glioblastoma Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1701-1705. [PMID: 30773888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been increasingly applied to cancer therapy because of its tumor-tropic capability. However, short retention at target tissue and limited payload option hinder the progress of MSC-based cancer therapy. Herein, we proposed a hybrid spheroid/nanomedicine system, comprising MSC spheroid entrapping drug-loaded nanocomposite, to address these limitations. Spheroid formulation enhanced MSC's tumor tropism and facilitated loading of different types of therapeutic payloads. This system acted as an active drug delivery platform seeking and specifically targeting glioblastoma cells. It enabled effective delivery of combinational protein and chemotherapeutic drugs by engineered MSC and nanocomposite, respectively. In an in vivo migration model, the hybrid spheroid showed higher nanocomposite retention in the tumor tissue compared with the single MSC approach, leading to enhanced tumor inhibition in a heterotopic glioblastoma murine model. Taken together, this system integrates the merits of cell- and nanoparticle- mediated drug delivery with the tumor-homing characteristics of MSC to advance targeted combinational cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruthi Suryaprakash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Ha Yeun Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Dan Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Chai Hoon Quek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Dantong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Rachel L Mintz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Juli R Bagó
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Systems Biology , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
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12
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Qasim M, Haq F, Kang MH, Kim JH. 3D printing approaches for cardiac tissue engineering and role of immune modulation in tissue regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1311-1333. [PMID: 30863063 PMCID: PMC6388753 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional tissue engineering, cell therapy, and current medical approaches were shown to be successful in reducing mortality rate and complications caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). But still they have many limitations to fully manage CVDs due to complex composition of native myocardium and microvascularization. Fabrication of fully functional construct to replace infarcted area or regeneration of progenitor cells is important to address CVDs burden. Three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and 3D bioprinting technique have potential to develop fully functional heart construct that can integrate with native tissues rapidly. In this review, we presented an overview of 3D printed approaches for cardiac tissue engineering, and advances in 3D bioprinting of cardiac construct and models. We also discussed role of immune modulation to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, Comsats University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Centre (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea,
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13
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Satpathy A, Datta P, Wu Y, Ayan B, Bayram E, Ozbolat IT. Developments with 3D bioprinting for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:1115-1129. [PMID: 30384781 PMCID: PMC6494715 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1542427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Although there have been significant contributions from the pharmaceutical industry to clinical practice, several diseases remain unconquered, with the discovery of new drugs remaining a paramount objective. The actual process of drug discovery involves many steps including pre-clinical and clinical testing, which are highly time- and resource-consuming, driving researchers to improve the process efficiency. The shift of modelling technology from two-dimensions (2D) to three-dimensions (3D) is one of such advancements. 3D Models allow for close mimicry of cellular interactions and tissue microenvironments thereby improving the accuracy of results. The advent of bioprinting for fabrication of tissues has shown potential to improve 3D culture models. Areas covered: The present review provides a comprehensive update on a wide range of bioprinted tissue models and appraise them for their potential use in drug discovery research. Expert opinion: Efficiency, reproducibility, and standardization are some impediments of the bioprinted models. Vascularization of the constructs has to be addressed in the near future. While much progress has already been made with several seminal works, the next milestone will be the commercialization of these models after due regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Satpathy
- a Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur , Howrah , India
| | - Pallab Datta
- a Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur , Howrah , India
| | - Yang Wu
- b Engineering Science and Mechanics Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- c The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , USA
| | - Bugra Ayan
- b Engineering Science and Mechanics Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- c The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , USA
| | - Ertugrul Bayram
- d Medical Oncology Department , Agri State Hospital , Agri , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- b Engineering Science and Mechanics Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- c The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University , USA
- e Biomedical Engineering Department , Penn State University , University Park , PA , USA
- f Materials Research Institute, Penn State University , USA
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14
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Ravid-Hermesh O, Zurgil N, Shafran Y, Afrimzon E, Sobolev M, Hakuk Y, Bar-On Eizig Z, Deutsch M. Analysis of Cancer Cell Invasion and Anti-metastatic Drug Screening Using Hydrogel Micro-chamber Array (HMCA)-based Plates. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30417872 DOI: 10.3791/58359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is known to cause 90% of cancer lethality. Metastasis is a multistage process which initiates with the penetration/invasion of tumor cells into neighboring tissue. Thus, invasion is a crucial step in metastasis, making the invasion process research and development of anti-metastatic drugs, highly significant. To address this demand, there is a need to develop 3D in vitro models which imitate the architecture of solid tumors and their microenvironment most closely to in vivo state on one hand, but at the same time be reproducible, robust and suitable for high yield and high content measurements. Currently, most invasion assays lean on sophisticated microfluidic technologies which are adequate for research but not for high volume drug screening. Other assays using plate-based devices with isolated individual spheroids in each well are material consuming and have low sample size per condition. The goal of the current protocol is to provide a simple and reproducible biomimetic 3D cell-based system for the analysis of invasion capacity in large populations of tumor spheroids. We developed a 3D model for invasion assay based on HMCA imaging plate for the research of tumor invasion and anti-metastatic drug discovery. This device enables the production of numerous uniform spheroids per well (high sample size per condition) surrounded by ECM components, while continuously and simultaneously observing and measuring the spheroids at single-element resolution for medium throughput screening of anti-metastatic drugs. This platform is presented here by the production of HeLa and MCF7 spheroids for exemplifying single cell and collective invasion. We compare the influence of the ECM component hyaluronic acid (HA) on the invasive capacity of collagen surrounding HeLa spheroids. Finally, we introduce Fisetin (invasion inhibitor) to HeLa spheroids and nitric oxide (NO) (invasion activator) to MCF7 spheroids. The results are analyzed by in-house software which enables semi-automatic, simple and fast analysis which facilitates multi-parameter examination.
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15
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16
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Alhasan L, Qi A, Al-Abboodi A, Rezk A, Chan PP, Iliescu C, Yeo LY. Rapid Enhancement of Cellular Spheroid Assembly by Acoustically Driven Microcentrifugation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1013-1022. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alhasan
- Biotechnology & Biological Sciences, School of Applied Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aswan Al-Abboodi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Amgad Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peggy P.Y. Chan
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- Institute
of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics
Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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17
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A Microfluidic Device for Hydrodynamic Trapping and Manipulation Platform of a Single Biological Cell. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Lee GH, Lee JS, Wang X, Hoon Lee S. Bottom-Up Engineering of Well-Defined 3D Microtissues Using Microplatforms and Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:56-74. [PMID: 25880830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, the engineering of well-defined 3D tissues has attracted great attention because it provides in vivo mimicking environment and can be a building block for the engineering of bioartificial organs. In this Review, diverse engineering methods of 3D tissues using microscale devices are introduced. Recent progress of microtechnologies has enabled the development of microplatforms for bottom-up assembly of diverse shaped 3D tissues consisting of various cells. Micro hanging-drop plates, microfluidic chips, and arrayed microwells are the typical examples. The encapsulation of cells in hydrogel microspheres and microfibers allows the engineering of 3D microtissues with diverse shapes. Applications of 3D microtissues in biomedical fields are described, and the future direction of microplatform-based engineering of 3D micro-tissues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Hui Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging, Science and Technology; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging, Science and Technology; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of Organ Manufacturing; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering; College of Health Science; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
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19
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Ozbolat IT. Scaffold-Based or Scaffold-Free Bioprinting: Competing or Complementing Approaches? J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate artificial tissues and organs through additive manufacturing of living cells in a tissues-specific pattern by stacking them layer by layer. Two major approaches have been proposed in the literature: bioprinting cells in a scaffold matrix to support cell proliferation and growth, and bioprinting cells without using a scaffold structure. Despite great progress, particularly in scaffold-based approaches along with recent significant attempts, printing large-scale tissues and organs is still elusive. This paper demonstrates recent significant attempts in scaffold-based and scaffold-free tissue printing approaches, discusses the advantages and limitations of both approaches, and presents a conceptual framework for bioprinting of scale-up tissue by complementing the benefits of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Professor Biomanufacturing Laboratory, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 e-mail:
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20
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Ruppen J, Wildhaber FD, Strub C, Hall SRR, Schmid RA, Geiser T, Guenat OT. Towards personalized medicine: chemosensitivity assays of patient lung cancer cell spheroids in a perfused microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3076-3085. [PMID: 26088102 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide and the variability in disease patterns calls for patient-specific treatment. Therefore, personalized treatment is expected to become a daily routine in prospective clinical tests. In addition to genetic mutation analysis, predictive chemosensitive assays using patient's cells will be carried out as a decision making tool. However, prior to their widespread application in clinics, several challenges linked to the establishment of such assays need to be addressed. To best predict the drug response in a patient, the cellular environment needs to resemble that of the tumor. Furthermore, the formation of homogeneous replicates from a scarce amount of patient's cells is essential to compare the responses under various conditions (compound and concentration). Here, we present a microfluidic device for homogeneous spheroid formation in eight replicates in a perfused microenvironment. Spheroid replicates from either a cell line or primary cells from adenocarcinoma patients were successfully created. To further mimic the tumor microenvironment, spheroid co-culture of primary lung cancer epithelial cells and primary pericytes were tested. A higher chemoresistance in primary co-culture spheroids compared to primary monoculture spheroids was found when both were constantly perfused with cisplatin. This result is thought to be due to the barrier created by the pericytes around the tumor spheroids. Thus, this device can be used for additional chemosensitivity assays (e.g. sequential treatment) of patient material to further approach the personalized oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Ruppen
- ARTORG Lung Regeneration Technologies Lab, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 50, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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21
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High-Throughput Cancer Cell Sphere Formation for Characterizing the Efficacy of Photo Dynamic Therapy in 3D Cell Cultures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12175. [PMID: 26153550 PMCID: PMC4495468 DOI: 10.1038/srep12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), wherein light sensitive non-toxic agents are locally and selectively activated using light, has emerged as an appealing alternative to traditional cancer chemotherapy. Yet to date, PDT efficacy has been mostly characterized using 2D cultures. Compared to 2D cultures, 3D sphere culture generates unique spatial distributions of nutrients and oxygen for the cells that better mimics the in-vivo conditions. Using a novel polyHEMA (non-adherent polymer) fabrication process, we developed a microfluidic sphere formation platform that can (1) generate 1,024 uniform (size variation <10%) cancer spheres within a 2 cm by 2 cm core area, (2) culture spheres for more than 2 weeks, and (3) allow the retrieval of spheres. Using the presented platform, we have successfully characterized the different responses in 2D and 3D cell culture to PDT. Furthermore, we investigated the treatment resistance effect in cancer cells induced by tumor associated fibroblasts (CAF). Although the CAFs can enhance the resistance to traditional chemotherapy agents, no significant difference in PDT was observed. The preliminary results suggest that the PDT can be an attractive alternative cancer therapy, which is less affected by the therapeutic resistance induced by cancer associated cells.
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22
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Aijian AP, Garrell RL. Digital microfluidics for automated hanging drop cell spheroid culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:283-95. [PMID: 25510471 DOI: 10.1177/2211068214562002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell spheroids are multicellular aggregates, grown in vitro, that mimic the three-dimensional morphology of physiological tissues. Although there are numerous benefits to using spheroids in cell-based assays, the adoption of spheroids in routine biomedical research has been limited, in part, by the tedious workflow associated with spheroid formation and analysis. Here we describe a digital microfluidic platform that has been developed to automate liquid-handling protocols for the formation, maintenance, and analysis of multicellular spheroids in hanging drop culture. We show that droplets of liquid can be added to and extracted from through-holes, or "wells," and fabricated in the bottom plate of a digital microfluidic device, enabling the formation and assaying of hanging drops. Using this digital microfluidic platform, spheroids of mouse mesenchymal stem cells were formed and maintained in situ for 72 h, exhibiting good viability (>90%) and size uniformity (% coefficient of variation <10% intraexperiment, <20% interexperiment). A proof-of-principle drug screen was performed on human colorectal adenocarcinoma spheroids to demonstrate the ability to recapitulate physiologically relevant phenomena such as insulin-induced drug resistance. With automatable and flexible liquid handling, and a wide range of in situ sample preparation and analysis capabilities, the digital microfluidic platform provides a viable tool for automating cell spheroid culture and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Aijian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robin L Garrell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Patra B, Peng YS, Peng CC, Liao WH, Chen YA, Lin KH, Tung YC, Lee CH. Migration and vascular lumen formation of endothelial cells in cancer cell spheroids of various sizes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:052109. [PMID: 25332736 PMCID: PMC4189544 DOI: 10.1063/1.4895568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic device to culture cellular spheroids of controlled sizes and suitable for live cell imaging by selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). We cocultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) within the spheroids formed by hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and studied the distributions of the HUVECs over time. We observed that the migration of HUVECs depended on the size of spheroids. In the spheroids of ∼200 μm diameters, HUVECs migrated outwards to the edges within 48 h; while in the spheroids of ∼250 μm diameters, there was no outward migration of the HUVECs up to 72 h. In addition, we studied the effects of pro-angiogenic factors, namely, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (β-FGF), on the migration of HUVECs in the carcinoma cell spheroid. The outward migration of HUVECs in 200 μm spheroids was hindered by the treatment with VEGF and β-FGF. Moreover, some of the HUVECs formed hollow lumen within 72 h under VEGF and β-FGF treatment. The combination of SPIM and microfluidic devices gives high resolution in both spatial and temporal domains. The observation of HUVECs in spheroids provides us insight on tumor vascularization, an ideal disease model for drug screening and fundamental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chien-Chung Peng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Liao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Keng-Hui Lin
- Institute of Physics , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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24
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Kwapiszewska K, Michalczuk A, Rybka M, Kwapiszewski R, Brzózka Z. A microfluidic-based platform for tumour spheroid culture, monitoring and drug screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2096-104. [PMID: 24800721 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel cellular models that can replace animals in preclinical trials of drug candidates is one of the major goals of cell engineering. Current in vitro screening methods hardly correspond with the in vivo situation, whereas there is a lack of assays for more accurate cell culture models. Therefore, development of automated assays for 3D cell culture models is urgently required. In this work, we present a SpheroChip system: a microfluidic-based platform for long-term 3D cell culture and analysis. The system is compatible with commercially available microplate readers and provides continuous, in situ monitoring of tumour spheroids cultured on a chip. The microfluidic chip consists of cell culture microchambers and hemispherical microwells connected with a concentration gradient generator. HT-29 and Hep-G2 cells were successfully cultured as tumour spheroids in the SpheroChip, and metabolic activity of cells was monitored for up to two weeks by in situ fluorimetric measurements. Cellular response to an anticancer drug was observed using the SpheroChip. The experimental setup provided the unique possibility of observing dynamic changes in metabolic activity of one culture during sequencing days after drug dosage. According to this new approach, unknown phenomena of cellular response to the anticancer drug were observed, such as increase of metabolic activity shortly after drug dosage. Moreover, the influence of a second dose of a drug was evaluated. The SpheroChip system can be used by researchers working on drug screening, evaluation of anticancer procedures and chemoresistance phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kwapiszewska
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Satoh T, Sugiura S, Sumaru K, Ozaki S, Gomi S, Kurakazu T, Oshima Y, Kanamori T. Inverting microwell array chip for the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells with controlled aggregate size and geometrical arrangement. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:024112. [PMID: 24803961 PMCID: PMC4000399 DOI: 10.1063/1.4871036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel cell culture chip, namely, "inverting microwell array chip," for cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. The chip comprises a lower hydrogel microwell array and an upper polystyrene culture surface. We demonstrate the formation of uniform cellular aggregates in the microwell array, and after inversion, a culture with controlled aggregate size and geometrical arrangement on the polystyrene surface. Here, we report effects of cell concentrations on a cultivation sequence in the chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Satoh
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Shinji Sugiura
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kimio Sumaru
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Shigenori Ozaki
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Shinichi Gomi
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kurakazu
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oshima
- Tokyo Electron Limited, 5-3-1 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-6325, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kanamori
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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26
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Byun CK, Abi-Samra K, Cho YK, Takayama S. Pumps for microfluidic cell culture. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:245-57. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyu Byun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Kameel Abi-Samra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Eonyang-eop; Ulju-gun Ulsan Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan; Biointerfaces Institute; Ann Arbor MI USA
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27
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Enrichment of tumor-initiating breast cancer cells within a mammosphere-culture microdevice. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 15:645-655. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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29
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Patra B, Chen YH, Peng CC, Lin SC, Lee CH, Tung YC. A microfluidic device for uniform-sized cell spheroids formation, culture, harvesting and flow cytometry analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:54114. [PMID: 24396525 PMCID: PMC3808411 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Culture of cells as three-dimensional (3D) aggregates, named spheroids, possesses great potential to improve in vitro cell models for basic biomedical research. However, such cell spheroid models are often complicated, cumbersome, and expensive compared to conventional Petri-dish cell cultures. In this work, we developed a simple microfluidic device for cell spheroid formation, culture, and harvesting. Using this device, cells could form uniformly sized spheroids due to strong cell-cell interactions and the spatial confinement of microfluidic culture chambers. We demonstrated cell spheroid formation and culture in the designed devices using embryonic stem cells, carcinoma cells, and fibroblasts. We further scaled up the device capable of simultaneously forming and culturing 5000 spheroids in a single chip. Finally, we demonstrated harvesting of the cultured spheroids from the device with a simple setup. The harvested spheroids possess great integrity, and the cells can be exploited for further flow cytometry assays due to the ample cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnubrata Patra
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Peng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Chi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Hwang Lee
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan ; Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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30
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Das T, Meunier L, Barbe L, Provencher D, Guenat O, Gervais T, Mes-Masson AM. Empirical chemosensitivity testing in a spheroid model of ovarian cancer using a microfluidics-based multiplex platform. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:11805. [PMID: 24403987 PMCID: PMC3555942 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers to infer drug response in patients is being actively pursued, yet significant challenges with this approach, including the complicated interconnection of pathways, have limited its application. Direct empirical testing of tumor sensitivity would arguably provide a more reliable predictive value, although it has garnered little attention largely due to the technical difficulties associated with this approach. We hypothesize that the application of recently developed microtechnologies, coupled to more complex 3-dimensional cell cultures, could provide a model to address some of these issues. As a proof of concept, we developed a microfluidic device where spheroids of the serous epithelial ovarian cancer cell line TOV112D are entrapped and assayed for their chemoresponse to carboplatin and paclitaxel, two therapeutic agents routinely used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In order to index the chemoresponse, we analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of the mortality fraction, as judged by vital dyes and confocal microscopy, within spheroids subjected to different drug concentrations and treatment durations inside the microfluidic device. To reflect microenvironment effects, we tested the effect of exogenous extracellular matrix and serum supplementation during spheroid formation on their chemotherapeutic response. Spheroids displayed augmented chemoresistance in comparison to monolayer culturing. This resistance was further increased by the simultaneous presence of both extracellular matrix and high serum concentration during spheroid formation. Following exposure to chemotherapeutics, cell death profiles were not uniform throughout the spheroid. The highest cell death fraction was found at the center of the spheroid and the lowest at the periphery. Collectively, the results demonstrate the validity of the approach, and provide the basis for further investigation of chemotherapeutic responses in ovarian cancer using microfluidics technology. In the future, such microdevices could provide the framework to assay drug sensitivity in a timeframe suitable for clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Das
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Liliane Meunier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Laurent Barbe
- Centre Suisse d' Electronique et de Microtechnique, CH-7302 Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 4M1, Canada ; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Olivier Guenat
- ARTORG Center, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 4M1, Canada ; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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31
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Luongo K, Holton A, Kaushik A, Spence P, Ng B, Deschenes R, Sundaram S, Bhansali S. Microfluidic device for trapping and monitoring three dimensional multicell spheroids using electrical impedance spectroscopy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:34108. [PMID: 24404028 PMCID: PMC3689825 DOI: 10.1063/1.4809590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the design, fabrication, and testing of a lab-on-a-chip based microfluidic device for application of trapping and measuring the dielectric properties of microtumors over time using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) techniques were used to embed opposing electrodes onto the top and bottom surfaces of a microfluidic channel fabricated using Pyrex substrate, chrome gold, SU-8, and polydimethylsiloxane. Differing concentrations of cell culture medium, differing sized polystyrene beads, and MCF-7 microtumor spheroids were used to validate the designs ability to detect background conductivity changes and dielectric particle diameter changes between electrodes. The observed changes in cell medium concentrations demonstrated a linear relation to extracted solution resistance (Rs), while polystyrene beads and multicell spheroids induced changes in magnitude consistent with diameter increase. This design permits optical correlation between electrical measurements and EIS spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Luongo
- BioMEMs and Microfabrication system Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33172, USA ; Bioengineering Center, Draper Laboratory, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA ; Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Angela Holton
- Bioengineering Center, Draper Laboratory, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- BioMEMs and Microfabrication system Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33172, USA
| | - Paige Spence
- Bioengineering Center, Draper Laboratory, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Beng Ng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Robert Deschenes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Shankar Sundaram
- Bioengineering Center, Draper Laboratory, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- BioMEMs and Microfabrication system Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33172, USA
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Kim T, Doh I, Cho YH. On-chip three-dimensional tumor spheroid formation and pump-less perfusion culture using gravity-driven cell aggregation and balanced droplet dispensing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:34107. [PMID: 23882300 PMCID: PMC3416850 DOI: 10.1063/1.4739460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a spheroid chip in which three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids are not only formed by gravity-driven cell aggregation but also cultured at the perfusion rates controlled by balanced droplet dispensing without fluidic pumps. The previous spheroid chips require additional off-chip processes of spheroid formation and extraction as well as bulky components of fluidic pumps. However, the present spheroid chip, where autonomous medium droplet dispensers are integrated on a well array, achieves the on-chip 3D tumor spheroid formation and perfusion culture using simple structure without bulky fluidic pumps. In the experimental study, we demonstrated that the spheroid chip successfully forms 3D tumor spheroids in the wide diameter range of 220 μm-3.2 mm (uniformity > 90%) using H358, H23, and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. At the pump-less perfusion culture (Q = 0.1-0.3 μl/min) of spheroids, the number of H358 cells in the spheroid increased up to 50% from the static culture (Q = 0 μl/min) and the viability of the cultured cells also increased about 10%. Therefore, we experimentally verified that the perfusion environment created by the spheroid chip offers a favourable condition to the spheroids with high increase rate and viability. The present chip achieves on-chip 3D tumor spheroid formation and pump-less perfusion culture with simple structure, thereby exhibiting potential for use in integrated in-vivo-like cell culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoon Kim
- Cell Bench Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
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