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Schwarz J, Leiderer P, Palberg T. Salt-concentration-dependent nucleation rates in low-metastability colloidal charged sphere melts containing small amounts of doublets. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:064607. [PMID: 35030906 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.064607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We determined bulk crystal nucleation rates in aqueous suspensions of charged spheres at low metastability. Experiments were performed in dependence on electrolyte concentration and for two different particle number densities. The time-dependent nucleation rate shows a pronounced initial peak, while postsolidification crystal size distributions are skewed towards larger crystallite sizes. At each concentration, the nucleation rate density initially drops exponentially with increasing salt concentration. The full data set, however, shows an unexpected scaling of the nucleation rate densities with metastability times the number density of particles. Parameterization of our results in terms of classical nucleation theory reveals unusually low interfacial free energies of the nucleus surfaces and nucleation barriers well below the thermal energy. We tentatively attribute our observations to the presence of doublets introduced by the employed conditioning technique. We discuss the conditions under which such small seeds may induce nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schwarz
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Leiderer
- Fachbereicht Physik, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - T Palberg
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Liu J, Shen T, Zhang S. Effect of prenucleation clusters arising from liquid-liquid phase transition on nucleation in a one-component charged colloidal suspension. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:77-84. [PMID: 33450462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is generally thought that liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in a one-component suspension never or only very rarely happens. If this were true, it would contradict the two nonclassical nucleation models building on either liquid droplets or prenucleation clusters (PNCs). One way out of this paradox is to suppose that LLPT occurs in pathway to nucleation. This study specifies the physical parameters of charged colloids which can bring out LLPT according to the consistent prediction of the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) potential and the Sogami potential about long-range attraction, and reveals that surface charge is not the only factor to affect attraction, size also plays an essential role. For the first time, we follow exactly the evolution from LLPT to nucleation in which PNCs participate, and characterize pre-ordered liquid-like property of the PNCs and their particle-like and template effect by optical microscopy and light scattering. Furthermore, it is found that when the configuration of the PNCs is changed by a little salt, the pathway to nucleation is altered significantly. Our results demystify LLPT in a one-component suspension and dissolve the paradox, thus extending the range of applicability of the nonclassical nucleation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Detection of Atmosphere and Ocean, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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3
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Herlach DM, Palberg T, Klassen I, Klein S, Kobold R. Overview: Experimental studies of crystal nucleation: Metals and colloids. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4963684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter M. Herlach
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Palberg
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ina Klassen
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
- Projektträger Jülich, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Klein
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Raphael Kobold
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51170 Köln, Germany
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4
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Russell ER, Spaepen F, Weitz DA. Anisotropic elasticity of experimental colloidal Wigner crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:032310. [PMID: 25871113 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.032310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal particles interacting via a long-range repulsion can, in contrast to hard-sphere systems, exhibit crystalline ordering at low volume fraction. Here we experimentally investigate the structure and properties of such "colloidal Wigner crystals." We find a body-centered-cubic crystalline phase at volume fractions of ϕ≳15%, which exhibits large fluctuations of individual particles from their average positions. We determine the three independent crystalline elastic constants and find that these crystals are very compliant and highly anisotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Russell
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Frans Spaepen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David A Weitz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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5
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Rigidity of the crystals of thermo-sensitive gel spheres of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) in the deionized aqueous media as studied by the reflection spectroscopy in the sedimentation equilibrium. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Palberg T, Maaroufi MR, Stipp A, Schöpe HJ. Micro-structure evolution of wall based crystals after casting of model suspensions as obtained from Bragg microscopy. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:094906. [PMID: 22957593 DOI: 10.1063/1.4749261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of heterogeneously nucleated, wall based crystals plays a major role in determining the micro-structure during melt casting. This issue is here addressed using a model system of charged colloidal spheres in deionized aqueous suspension observed by Bragg microscopy which is a combination of light scattering and microscopy. We examine the evolution of the three-dimensional size, shape, and orientation of twin domains in monolithic crystals growing from two opposing planar walls into a meta-stable (shear-) melt. At each wall crystal orientation and twinning emerges during nucleation with small domains. During growth these widen and merge. From image analysis we observe the lateral coarsening velocities to follow a power law behaviour L(XY) ∝ t(1/2) as long as the vertical growth continues at constant speed. Lateral coarsening terminates upon intersection of the two solids and hardly any further ripening is seen. Initial lateral coarsening velocities show a Wilson Frenkel type dependence on the melt meta-stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Palberg
- University of Mainz, Institute of Physics, Staudingerweg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Crystal structure of thermosensitive gel spheres of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in the deionized aqueous suspension as studied by the static light-scattering measurements. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Constantin D, Davidson P, Freyssingeas É, Madsen A. Slow dynamics of a colloidal lamellar phase. J Chem Phys 2011; 133:224902. [PMID: 21171697 DOI: 10.1063/1.3509399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy to study the dynamics in the lamellar phase of a platelet suspension as a function of the particle concentration. We measured the collective diffusion coefficient along the director of the phase, over length scales down to the interparticle distance, and quantified the hydrodynamic interaction between the particles. This interaction sets in with increasing concentration and can be described qualitatively by a simplified model. No change in the microscopic structure or dynamics is observed at the transition between the fluid and the gel-like lamellar phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doru Constantin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France.
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9
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Static and dynamic light-scattering of colloidal crystals of monodispersed polystyrene spheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19961000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lorenz NJ, Schöpe HJ, Reiber H, Palberg T, Wette P, Klassen I, Holland-Moritz D, Herlach D, Okubo T. Phase behaviour of deionized binary mixtures of charged colloidal spheres. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:464116. [PMID: 21715880 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/46/464116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We review recent work on the phase behaviour of binary charged sphere mixtures as a function of particle concentration and composition. Both size ratios Γ and charge ratios Λ are varied over a wide range. Unlike the case for hard spheres, the long-ranged Coulomb interaction stabilizes the crystal phase at low particle concentrations and shifts the occurrence of amorphous solids to particle concentrations considerably larger than the freezing concentration. Depending on Γ and Λ, we observe upper azeotrope, spindle, lower azeotrope and eutectic types of phase diagrams, all known well from metal systems. Most solids are of body centred cubic structure. Occasionally stoichiometric compounds are formed at large particle concentrations. For very low Γ, entropic effects dominate and induce a fluid-fluid phase separation. Since for charged spheres the charge ratio Λ is also decisive for the type of phase diagram, future experiments with charge variable silica spheres are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina J Lorenz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Lorenz NJ, Schöpe HJ, Palberg T. Phase behavior of a de-ionized binary mixture of charged spheres in the presence of gravity. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:134501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3225339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Wette P, Klassen I, Holland-Moritz D, Palberg T, Roth SV, Herlach DM. Colloids as model systems for liquid undercooled metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:010501. [PMID: 19256992 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Charged colloidal particles interact via a hard core Yukawa potential, while isotropic Lennard-Jones-like potentials are frequently used as pair potentials in metals. We present measurements of the structure factor of shear molten monodisperse colloids and molten metals using ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering and elastic neutron scattering, respectively. In both systems data analysis gives evidence of fivefold-symmetric short-range order becoming more pronounced with increasing deviations from equilibrium. The experiments demonstrate that in both systems topological effects control ordering in the melt state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wette
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Köln, Germany
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Okubo T, Okubo T. Video-tape observation of the crystal growth and morphology of colloidal single crystals. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Faunce CA, Paradies HH, Quitschau P. Solution and Structural Properties of Colloidal Charged Lipid A (Diphosphate) Dispersions. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0218138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chester A. Faunce
- The University of Salford, Joule Physics Laboratory, Institute for Materials Science Research, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Henrich H. Paradies
- The University of Salford, Joule Physics Laboratory, Institute for Materials Science Research, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Quitschau
- Universität Paderborn, Fachbereich Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Technische Chemie & Verfahrenstechnik, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany
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15
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Thies M, Quitschau P, Zimmermann K, Rusch V, Faunce CA, Paradies HH. Liquid-like ordered colloidal suspensions oflipid A: The influence oflipid Aparticle concentration. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1445750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Kang D, Maclennan JE, Clark NA, Zakhidov AA, Baughman RH. Electro-optic behavior of liquid-crystal-filled silica opal photonic crystals: effect of liquid-crystal alignment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:4052-4055. [PMID: 11328093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystals made of nematic liquid crystal intercalated into the void space of close-packed silica spheres (synthetic porous opal) exhibit significant electric-field-induced shift of the optical Bragg reflection peak when the liquid crystal has the long molecular axis oriented parallel to the sphere surfaces. No such effect is observed for comparable fields when the long-axis orientation is normal to the sphere surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kang
- Department of Physics, Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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18
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Okubo T, Kiriyama K, Nemoto N, Hashimoto H. Static and dynamic light-scattering of colloidal gases, liquids and crystals. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00663441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Okubo T, Kiriyama K, Yamaoka H, Nemoto N. Dynamic properties of giant colloidal single crystals. Dynamic light scattering of monodispersed polystyrene spheres (192 nm in diameter) in deionized suspension. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(95)03210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Piazza R, Degiorgio V. Single-particle dynamics in a colloidal crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:3868-3871. [PMID: 10044846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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