1
|
Holland-Moritz D, Yang F, Hansen TC, Kargl F. Chemical short-range order in liquid Ni-Cu. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:465403. [PMID: 37557891 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aceee0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutron diffraction in combination with isotopic substitution on the zero-scatterer62Ni4363Cu57shows indications for chemical short-range order in the stable liquid as evidenced by oscillations in the concentration-concentration structure factorSCC(q). This points towards a non-ideal solution behavior of Ni-Cu contrary to common believe but in agreement with measurements of free enthalpy of mixing. The temperature dependence ofSCCat small momentum transfer provides evidence of critical compositional fluctuations in Ni43Cu57melts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Holland-Moritz
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Köln, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Florian Kargl
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gangopadhyay AK, Sellers ME, Bracker GP, Holland-Moritz D, Van Hoesen DC, Koch S, Galenko PK, Pauls AK, Hyers RW, Kelton KF. Demonstration of the effect of stirring on nucleation from experiments on the International Space Station using the ISS-EML facility. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:31. [PMID: 34362919 PMCID: PMC8346615 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of fluid flow on crystal nucleation in supercooled liquids is not well understood. The variable density and temperature gradients in the liquid make it difficult to study this under terrestrial gravity conditions. Nucleation experiments were therefore made in a microgravity environment using the Electromagnetic Levitation Facility on the International Space Station on a bulk glass-forming Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 (Vit106), as well as Cu50Zr50 and the quasicrystal-forming Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21 liquids. The maximum supercooling temperatures for each alloy were measured as a function of controlled stirring by applying various combinations of radio-frequency positioner and heater voltages to the water-cooled copper coils. The flow patterns were simulated from the known parameters for the coil and the levitated samples. The maximum nucleation temperatures increased systematically with increased fluid flow in the liquids for Vit106, but stayed nearly unchanged for the other two. These results are consistent with the predictions from the Coupled-Flux model for nucleation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physics and the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA, St. Louis, MO.
| | - M E Sellers
- Department of Physics and the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA, St. Louis, MO
| | - G P Bracker
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - D Holland-Moritz
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Köln, Germany
| | - D C Van Hoesen
- Department of Physics and the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA, St. Louis, MO
| | - S Koch
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - P K Galenko
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - A K Pauls
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R W Hyers
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Department of Physics and the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holland-Moritz D, Nowak B, Yang F, Meyer A. Structure and dynamics of glass-forming alloy melts investigated by application of levitation techniques. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work results of studies on the short-range order and on the atomic dynamics in different stable and undercooled glass-forming metallic melts are reviewed. In order to undercool the melts deeply below the melting temperature and to avoid chemical reactions of the melts with crucible materials, the samples are containerlessly processed utilizing the electromagnetic or the electrostatic levitation technique. The short-range structure of the melts is studied by neutron diffraction, while the atomic dynamics are investigated by quasielastic neutron scattering. The relationship between short-range structure and atomic dynamics is discussed within the mode coupling theory of the glass transition. We will show that taking the time- and space-averaged structural information provided by measured partial structure factors as an input, mode coupling theory is able to explain the experimental results concerning the activation energies for self-diffusion and the coupling/decoupling behavior of the self-diffusion coefficients of the different alloy components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Holland-Moritz
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) , 51170 Köln , Germany
| | - Benedikt Nowak
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) , 51170 Köln , Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) , 51170 Köln , Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) , 51170 Köln , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holland-Moritz D, Kargl F. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Liquid and Amorphous Metals (LAM-16). EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
5
|
Han JH, Mattern N, Kaban I, Holland-Moritz D, Bednarĉik J, Nowak R, Sobczak N, Kim DH, Eckert J. Phase separation in ternary Co-Gd-Ti liquids. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:245104. [PMID: 23719025 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/24/245104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phase equilibria and the solidification behavior of ternary Co-Gd-Ti (Co ≤35 at.%) alloys have been investigated. The phase transformation and equilibria in the liquid phase were studied in situ for two alloys, Co30Gd35Ti35 and Co30Gd50Ti20, by combining electrostatic levitation of the samples with high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) at elevated temperature. The XRD patterns with two diffuse maxima for molten Co30Gd35Ti35 give direct evidence for liquid-liquid phase separation in this composition. In contrast, no indication for phase separation in the Co30Gd50Ti20 alloy is detected. Coarsened microstructures, typical for the phase-separating systems, are observed for the Co30Gd35Ti35, Co25Gd37.5Ti37.5, Co10Gd45Ti45 and Co30Gd20Ti50 cast alloys. Our findings suggest that the stable miscibility gap of binary Gd-Ti extends into the ternary Co-Gd-Ti system (up to about 30 at.% Co). Thermodynamic calculations of the ternary Co-Gd-Ti system by the CALPHAD method are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Han
- IFW Dresden, Institut für Komplexe Materialien, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Herlach DM, Klassen I, Wette P, Holland-Moritz D. Colloids as model systems for metals and alloys: a case study of crystallization. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:153101. [PMID: 21389545 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/15/153101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Metallic systems are widely used as materials in daily human life. Their properties depend very much on the production route. In order to improve the production process and even develop novel materials a detailed knowledge of all physical processes involved in crystallization is mandatory. Atomic systems like metals are characterized by very high relaxation rates, which make direct investigations of crystallization very difficult and in some cases impossible. In contrast, phase transitions in colloidal systems are very sluggish and colloidal suspensions are optically transparent. Therefore, colloidal systems are often discussed as model systems for metals. In the present work, we study the process of crystallization of charged colloidal systems from the very beginning. Charged colloids offer the advantage that the interaction potential can be systematically tuned by a variation of the particle number density and the salt concentration. We use light scattering and ultra-small angle x-ray scattering to investigate the formation of short-range order in the liquid state even far from equilibrium, crystal nucleation and crystal growth. The results are compared with those of equivalent studies on metallic systems. They are critically assessed as regards similarities and differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter M Herlach
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 51147 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wette P, Klassen I, Holland-Moritz D, Herlach DM, Schöpe HJ, Lorenz N, Reiber H, Palberg T, Roth SV. Communications: Complete description of re-entrant phase behavior in a charge variable colloidal model system. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:131102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3380823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
9
|
Lorenz NJ, Schöpe HJ, Reiber H, Palberg T, Wette P, Klassen I, Holland-Moritz D, Herlach D, Okubo T. Phase behaviour of deionized binary mixtures of charged colloidal spheres. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:464116. [PMID: 21715880 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/46/464116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We review recent work on the phase behaviour of binary charged sphere mixtures as a function of particle concentration and composition. Both size ratios Γ and charge ratios Λ are varied over a wide range. Unlike the case for hard spheres, the long-ranged Coulomb interaction stabilizes the crystal phase at low particle concentrations and shifts the occurrence of amorphous solids to particle concentrations considerably larger than the freezing concentration. Depending on Γ and Λ, we observe upper azeotrope, spindle, lower azeotrope and eutectic types of phase diagrams, all known well from metal systems. Most solids are of body centred cubic structure. Occasionally stoichiometric compounds are formed at large particle concentrations. For very low Γ, entropic effects dominate and induce a fluid-fluid phase separation. Since for charged spheres the charge ratio Λ is also decisive for the type of phase diagram, future experiments with charge variable silica spheres are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina J Lorenz
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Wette P, Klassen I, Holland-Moritz D, Palberg T, Roth SV, Herlach DM. Colloids as model systems for liquid undercooled metals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:010501. [PMID: 19256992 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Charged colloidal particles interact via a hard core Yukawa potential, while isotropic Lennard-Jones-like potentials are frequently used as pair potentials in metals. We present measurements of the structure factor of shear molten monodisperse colloids and molten metals using ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering and elastic neutron scattering, respectively. In both systems data analysis gives evidence of fivefold-symmetric short-range order becoming more pronounced with increasing deviations from equilibrium. The experiments demonstrate that in both systems topological effects control ordering in the melt state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wette
- Institut für Materialphysik im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51170 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schenk T, Holland-Moritz D, Simonet V, Bellissent R, Herlach DM. Icosahedral short-range order in deeply undercooled metallic melts. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:075507. [PMID: 12190531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.075507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence of icosahedral short-range order in stable and deeply undercooled melts of pure metallic elements is obtained using the combination of electromagnetic levitation with neutron scattering. This icosahedral short-range order is shown to occur in the bulk metallic melt independently of the system investigated. It strongly increases with the degree of undercooling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Schenk
- Institut für Raumsimulation, DLR, D-51170 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Notthoff C, Feuerbacher B, Franz H, Herlach DM, Holland-Moritz D. Direct determination of metastable phase diagram by synchrotron radiation experiments on undercooled metallic melts. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:1038-1041. [PMID: 11178004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The phase selection process during the crystallization of undercooled metallic melts is studied in situ by combining the electromagnetic levitation technique with energy dispersive x-ray diffraction of synchrotron radiation. The crystallization of metastable bcc phase in binary Ni-V alloys was identified. A metastable phase diagram of Ni-V alloy is constructed, which shows the primarily solidifying phase as a function of composition and undercooling. The analysis within nucleation theory emphasizes the important role of metal oxide as a heterogeneous nucleation site controlling the phase selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Notthoff
- Institut für Raumsimulation, Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schryvers D, Yandouzi M, Holland-Moritz D, Toth L. HRTEM Study of Austenite and Martensite in Splat-Cooled and Nanoscale thin Film Ni-Al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:1997532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Holland-Moritz D, Herlach DM, Urban K. Observation of the undercoolability of quasicrystal-forming alloys by electromagnetic levitation. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 71:1196-1199. [PMID: 10055474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|