1
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Nelli D, Mastronardi V, Brescia R, Pompa PP, Moglianetti M, Ferrando R. Hydrogen Promotes the Growth of Platinum Pyramidal Nanocrystals by Size-Dependent Symmetry Breaking. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2644-2650. [PMID: 36995102 PMCID: PMC10103309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The growth of pyramidal platinum nanocrystals is studied by a combination of synthesis/characterization experiments and density functional theory calculations. It is shown that the growth of pyramidal shapes is due to a peculiar type of symmetry breaking, which is caused by the adsorption of hydrogen on the growing nanocrystals. Specifically, the growth of pyramidal shapes is attributed to the size-dependent adsorption energies of hydrogen atoms on {100} facets, whose growth is hindered only if they are sufficiently large. The crucial role of hydrogen adsorption is further confirmed by the absence of pyramidal nanocrystals in experiments where the reduction process does not involve hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nelli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova 16146, Italia
| | - Valentina Mastronardi
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, PVia Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
- BeDimensional
S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente
Secca 30R, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, PVia Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Mauro Moglianetti
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, PVia Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
- Center for
Cultural Heritage Technology, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, via Torino
155, Venice 30172, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrando
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova 16146, Italia
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2
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Tchakoua T, Powell AD, Gerrits N, Somers MF, Doblhoff-Dier K, Busnengo HF, Kroes GJ. Simulating Highly Activated Sticking of H 2 on Al(110): Quantum versus Quasi-Classical Dynamics. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:5395-5407. [PMID: 36998253 PMCID: PMC10041643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the importance of quantum effects on the sticking of H2 on Al(110) for conditions that are close to those of molecular beam experiments that have been done on this system. Calculations with the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method and with quantum dynamics (QD) are performed using a model in which only motion in the six molecular degrees of freedom is allowed. The potential energy surface used has a minimum barrier height close to the value recently obtained with the quantum Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo averaging over the initial rovibrational states allowed the QD calculations to be done with an order of magnitude smaller computational expense. The sticking probability curve computed with QD is shifted to lower energies relative to the QCT curve by 0.21 to 0.05 kcal/mol, with the highest shift obtained for the lowest incidence energy. Quantum effects are therefore expected to play a small role in calculations that would evaluate the accuracy of electronic structure methods for determining the minimum barrier height to dissociative chemisorption for H2 + Al(110) on the basis of the standard procedure for comparing results of theory with molecular beam experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophile Tchakoua
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D. Powell
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Gerrits
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark F. Somers
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Doblhoff-Dier
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heriberto F. Busnengo
- Instituto
de Física Rosario (IFIR), CONICET-UNR, Bv. 27 de Febrero 210 bis, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad
de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y
Agrimensura, UNR, Av.
Pellegrini 250, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Chen Z, Liu Z, Xu X. Accurate descriptions of molecule-surface interactions in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction on the copper surfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:936. [PMID: 36807556 PMCID: PMC9941474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-based catalysts play a pivotal role in many industrial processes and hold a great promise for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction into valuable chemicals and fuels. Towards the rational design of catalysts, the growing demand on theoretical study is seriously at odds with the low accuracy of the most widely used functionals of generalized gradient approximation. Here, we present results using a hybrid scheme that combines the doubly hybrid XYG3 functional and the periodic generalized gradient approximation, whose accuracy is validated against an experimental set on copper surfaces. A near chemical accuracy is established for this set, which, in turn, leads to a substantial improvement for the calculated equilibrium and onset potentials as against the experimental values for CO2 reduction to CO on Cu(111) and Cu(100) electrodes. We anticipate that the easy use of the hybrid scheme will boost the predictive power for accurate descriptions of molecule-surface interactions in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangyun Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, 230088, Hefei, P. R. China.
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4
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Tchakoua T, Gerrits N, Smeets EWF, Kroes GJ. SBH17: Benchmark Database of Barrier Heights for Dissociative Chemisorption on Transition Metal Surfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 19:245-270. [PMID: 36529979 PMCID: PMC9835835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Accurate barriers for rate controlling elementary reactions on metal surfaces are key to understanding, controlling, and predicting the rate of heterogeneously catalyzed processes. While barrier heights for gas phase reactions have been extensively benchmarked, dissociative chemisorption barriers for the reactions of molecules on metal surfaces have received much less attention. The first database called SBH10 and containing 10 entries was recently constructed based on the specific reaction parameter approach to density functional theory (SRP-DFT) and experimental results. We have now constructed a new and improved database (SBH17) containing 17 entries based on SRP-DFT and experiments. For this new SBH17 benchmark study, we have tested three algorithms (high, medium, and light) for calculating barrier heights for dissociative chemisorption on metals, which we have named for the amount of computational effort involved in their use. We test the performance of 14 density functionals at the GGA, GGA+vdW-DF, and meta-GGA rungs. Our results show that, in contrast with the previous SBH10 study where the BEEF-vdW-DF2 functional seemed to be most accurate, the workhorse functional PBE and the MS2 density functional are the most accurate of the GGA and meta-GGA functionals tested. Of the GGA+vdW functionals tested, the SRP32-vdW-DF1 functional is the most accurate. Additionally, we found that the medium algorithm is accurate enough for assessing the performance of the density functionals tested, while it avoids geometry optimizations of minimum barrier geometries for each density functional tested. The medium algorithm does require metal lattice constants and interlayer distances that are optimized separately for each functional. While these are avoided in the light algorithm, this algorithm is found not to give a reliable description of functional performance. The combination of relative ease of use and demonstrated reliability of the medium algorithm will likely pave the way for incorporation of the SBH17 database in larger databases used for testing new density functionals and electronic structure methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Tchakoua
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands
| | - N. Gerrits
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands,PLASMANT,
Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, BE-2610Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E. W. F. Smeets
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands,ALTEN
Nederland, Technology, Fascinatio Boulevard 582, 2909 VACapelle a/d IJssel, The Netherlands
| | - G.-J. Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands,E-mail: . Phone: +31 71 527 4396
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5
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Hertl N, Krüger K, Bünermann O. Electronically Nonadiabatic H Atom Scattering from Low Miller Index Surfaces of Silver. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14162-14171. [PMID: 36350763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of a surface depends strongly on the surface structure. To study the influence of surface structure on H atom adsorption, we performed inelastic scattering experiments and complementary electronically nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for H atoms colliding with the three low Miller index surface facets of silver. Experiment reveals very similar energy loss distributions for all three investigated facets. However, for the (100) facet a dependence on the surface orientation is observed that is absent for the other two facets. The nonadiabatic MD simulations manage to describe the experiments well. Despite the observed insignificant influence of the surface geometry on the energy loss distributions, our simulations predict that the capability of the H atoms to penetrate the surface critically depends on the surface structure. The observed crystal orientation dependence of the energy loss distributions in the experiment for Ag(100) cannot be explained with our simulations, and we provide a discussion for a better theoretical description of this system to stimulate future computational investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hertl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, 37077Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krüger
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 6, 37073Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 6, 37073Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, 37077Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Borodin D, Hertl N, Park GB, Schwarzer M, Fingerhut J, Wang Y, Zuo J, Nitz F, Skoulatakis G, Kandratsenka A, Auerbach DJ, Schwarzer D, Guo H, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. Quantum effects in thermal reaction rates at metal surfaces. Science 2022; 377:394-398. [PMID: 35862529 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There is wide interest in developing accurate theories for predicting rates of chemical reactions that occur at metal surfaces, especially for applications in industrial catalysis. Conventional methods contain many approximations that lack experimental validation. In practice, there are few reactions where sufficiently accurate experimental data exist to even allow meaningful comparisons to theory. Here, we present experimentally derived thermal rate constants for hydrogen atom recombination on platinum single-crystal surfaces, which are accurate enough to test established theoretical approximations. A quantum rate model is also presented, making possible a direct evaluation of the accuracy of commonly used approximations to adsorbate entropy. We find that neglecting the wave nature of adsorbed hydrogen atoms and their electronic spin degeneracy leads to a 10× to 1000× overestimation of the rate constant for temperatures relevant to heterogeneous catalysis. These quantum effects are also found to be important for nanoparticle catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Borodin
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hertl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Barratt Park
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Fingerhut
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Florian Nitz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Skoulatakis
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Theofanis N Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Koverga AA, Flórez E, Jimenez-Orozco C, Rodriguez JA. Spot the difference: hydrogen adsorption and dissociation on unsupported platinum and platinum-coated transition metal carbides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20255-20267. [PMID: 34477186 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenation reactions are involved in several processes in heterogeneous catalysis. Platinum is the best-known catalyst; however, there are limitations to its practical use. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative materials and transition metal carbides (TMCs) have emerged as potential candidates. We explore the possibility of using cheap TMCs as supports for a Pt monolayer, aiming to reduce the amount of the noble metal in the catalyst without a significant loss of its activity towards H2 dissociation. Hence, analyzing H2 dissociation from a fundamental point of view is a necessary step towards a further practical catalyst. By means of periodic DFT calculations, we analyze H2 adsorption and dissociation on Pt/β-Mo2C and Pt/α-WC surfaces, as a function of hydrogen surface coverage (ΘH), resembling a more realistic model of a catalyst. H2 dissociation rates were analyzed as a function of the reaction temperature. The results show that Pt/C-WC and Pt/Mo-Mo2C have a Pt-like behavior for H2 dissociation at ΘH > 1/2 ML. At a particular temperature of 298 K, Pt/C-WC and Pt/Mo-Mo2C have low energy barriers for H2* → 2H* (0.13 and 0.11 eV, respectively), close to the value of Pt (0.06 eV). For the highest coverage, i.e. ΘH = 1, Pt/C-WC has a lower activation energy and a higher reaction rate than Pt. Finally, the H2 dissociation rate is higher in Pt/Mo-Mo2C than in Pt when increasing the temperature above 298 K. Our results put Pt/C-WC and Pt/Mo-Mo2C under the spotlight as potential catalysts for H2 dissociation, with a similar performance to Pt, paving the way for further experimental and/or theoretical studies, addressing the capability of Pt/TMC as practical catalysts in hydrogenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Koverga
- Grupo de Investigación Mat&mpac, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050026, Colombia.
| | - Elizabeth Flórez
- Grupo de Investigación Mat&mpac, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050026, Colombia.
| | - Carlos Jimenez-Orozco
- Grupo de Investigación Mat&mpac, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050026, Colombia.
| | - José A Rodriguez
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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8
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Borodin D, Schwarzer M, Hahn HW, Fingerhut J, Wang Y, Auerbach DJ, Guo H, Schroeder J, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. The puzzle of rapid hydrogen oxidation on Pt(111). Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1966533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Borodin
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hinrich W. Hahn
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Fingerhut
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joerg Schroeder
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theofanis N. Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser-FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Gerrits N, Geweke J, Auerbach DJ, Beck RD, Kroes GJ. Highly Efficient Activation of HCl Dissociation on Au(111) via Rotational Preexcitation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7252-7260. [PMID: 34313445 PMCID: PMC8350909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The probability for dissociation of molecules on metal surfaces, which often controls the rate of industrially important catalytic processes, can depend strongly on how energy is partitioned in the incident molecule. There are many example systems where the addition of vibrational energy promotes reaction more effectively than the addition of translational energy, but for rotational pre-excitation similar examples have not yet been discovered. Here, we make an experimentally testable theoretical prediction that adding energy to the rotation of HCl can promote its dissociation on Au(111) 20 times more effectively than increasing its translational energy. In the underlying mechanism, the molecule's initial rotational motion allows it to pass through a critical region of the reaction path, where this path shows a strong and nonmonotonic dependence on the molecular orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Gerrits
- Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Geweke
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Department
of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute
for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer D. Beck
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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11
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Smeets EF, Kroes GJ. Performance of Made Simple Meta-GGA Functionals with rVV10 Nonlocal Correlation for H 2 + Cu(111), D 2 + Ag(111), H 2 + Au(111), and D 2 + Pt(111). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:8993-9010. [PMID: 34084265 PMCID: PMC8162760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurately modeling heterogeneous catalysis requires accurate descriptions of rate-controlling elementary reactions of molecules on metal surfaces, but standard density functionals (DFs) are not accurate enough for this. The problem can be solved with the specific reaction parameter approach to density functional theory (SRP-DFT), but the transferability of SRP DFs among chemically related systems is limited. We combine the MS-PBEl, MS-B86bl, and MS-RPBEl semilocal made simple (MS) meta-generalized gradient approximation (GGA) (mGGA) DFs with rVV10 nonlocal correlation, and we evaluate their performance for the hydrogen (H2) + Cu(111), deuterium (D2) + Ag(111), H2 + Au(111), and D2 + Pt(111) gas-surface systems. The three MS mGGA DFs that have been combined with rVV10 nonlocal correlation were not fitted to reproduce particular experiments, nor has the b parameter present in rVV10 been reoptimized. Of the three DFs obtained the MS-PBEl-rVV10 DF yields an excellent description of van der Waals well geometries. The three original MS mGGA DFs gave a highly accurate description of the metals, which was comparable in quality to that obtained with the PBEsol DF. Here, we find that combining the three original MS mGGA DFs with rVV10 nonlocal correlation comes at the cost of a slightly less accurate description of the metal. However, the description of the metal obtained in this way is still better than the descriptions obtained with SRP DFs specifically optimized for individual systems. Using the Born-Oppenheimer static surface (BOSS) model, simulations of molecular beam dissociative chemisorption experiments yield chemical accuracy for the D2 + Ag(111) and D2 + Pt(111) systems. A comparison between calculated and measured E 1/2(ν, J) parameters describing associative desorption suggests chemical accuracy for the associative desorption of H2 from Au(111) as well. Our results suggest that ascending Jacob's ladder to the mGGA rung yields increasingly more accurate results for gas-surface reactions of H2 (D2) interacting with late transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidius
W. F. Smeets
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Kroes GJ. Computational approaches to dissociative chemisorption on metals: towards chemical accuracy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8962-9048. [PMID: 33885053 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the state-of-the-art in the theory of dissociative chemisorption (DC) of small gas phase molecules on metal surfaces, which is important to modeling heterogeneous catalysis for practical reasons, and for achieving an understanding of the wealth of experimental information that exists for this topic, for fundamental reasons. We first give a quick overview of the experimental state of the field. Turning to the theory, we address the challenge that barrier heights (Eb, which are not observables) for DC on metals cannot yet be calculated with chemical accuracy, although embedded correlated wave function theory and diffusion Monte-Carlo are moving in this direction. For benchmarking, at present chemically accurate Eb can only be derived from dynamics calculations based on a semi-empirically derived density functional (DF), by computing a sticking curve and demonstrating that it is shifted from the curve measured in a supersonic beam experiment by no more than 1 kcal mol-1. The approach capable of delivering this accuracy is called the specific reaction parameter (SRP) approach to density functional theory (DFT). SRP-DFT relies on DFT and on dynamics calculations, which are most efficiently performed if a potential energy surface (PES) is available. We therefore present a brief review of the DFs that now exist, also considering their performance on databases for Eb for gas phase reactions and DC on metals, and for adsorption to metals. We also consider expressions for SRP-DFs and briefly discuss other electronic structure methods that have addressed the interaction of molecules with metal surfaces. An overview is presented of dynamical models, which make a distinction as to whether or not, and which dissipative channels are modeled, the dissipative channels being surface phonons and electronically non-adiabatic channels such as electron-hole pair excitation. We also discuss the dynamical methods that have been used, such as the quasi-classical trajectory method and quantum dynamical methods like the time-dependent wave packet method and the reaction path Hamiltonian method. Limits on the accuracy of these methods are discussed for DC of diatomic and polyatomic molecules on metal surfaces, paying particular attention to reduced dimensionality approximations that still have to be invoked in wave packet calculations on polyatomic molecules like CH4. We also address the accuracy of fitting methods, such as recent machine learning methods (like neural network methods) and the corrugation reducing procedure. In discussing the calculation of observables we emphasize the importance of modeling the properties of the supersonic beams in simulating the sticking probability curves measured in the associated experiments. We show that chemically accurate barrier heights have now been extracted for DC in 11 molecule-metal surface systems, some of which form the most accurate core of the only existing database of Eb for DC reactions on metal surfaces (SBH10). The SRP-DFs (or candidate SRP-DFs) that have been derived show transferability in many cases, i.e., they have been shown also to yield chemically accurate Eb for chemically related systems. This can in principle be exploited in simulating rates of catalyzed reactions on nano-particles containing facets and edges, as SRP-DFs may be transferable among systems in which a molecule dissociates on low index and stepped surfaces of the same metal. In many instances SRP-DFs have allowed important conclusions regarding the mechanisms underlying observed experimental trends. An important recent observation is that SRP-DFT based on semi-local exchange DFs has so far only been successful for systems for which the difference of the metal work function and the molecule's electron affinity exceeds 7 eV. A main challenge to SRP-DFT is to extend its applicability to the other systems, which involve a range of important DC reactions of e.g. O2, H2O, NH3, CO2, and CH3OH. Recent calculations employing a PES based on a screened hybrid exchange functional suggest that the road to success may be based on using exchange functionals of this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Smeets EWF, Kroes GJ. Designing new SRP density functionals including non-local vdW-DF2 correlation for H 2 + Cu(111) and their transferability to H 2 + Ag(111), Au(111) and Pt(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 23:7875-7901. [PMID: 33291129 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Specific reaction parameter density functionals (SRP-DFs) that can describe dissociative chemisorption molecular beam experiments of hydrogen (H2) on cold transition metal surfaces with chemical accuracy have so far been shown to be only transferable among different facets of the same metal, but not among different metals. We design new SRP-DFs that include non-local vdW-DF2 correlation for the H2 + Cu(111) system, and evaluate their transferability to the highly activated H2 + Ag(111) and H2 + Au(111) systems and the non-activated H2 + Pt(111) system. We design our functionals for the H2 + Cu(111) system since it is the best studied system both theoretically and experimentally. Here we demonstrate that a SRP-DF fitted to reproduce molecular beam sticking experiments for H2 + Cu(111) with chemical accuracy can also describe such experiments for H2 + Pt(111) with chemical accuracy, and vice versa. Chemically accurate functionals have been obtained that perform very well with respect to reported van der Waals well geometries, and which improve the description of the metal over current generalized gradient approximation (GGA) based SRP-DFs. From a systematic comparison of our new SRP-DFs that include non-local correlation to previously developed SRP-DFs, for both activated and non-activated systems, we identify non-local correlation as a key ingredient in the construction of transferable SRP-DFs for H2 interacting with transition metals. Our results are in excellent agreement with experiment when accurately measured observables are available. It is however clear from our analysis that, except for the H2 + Cu(111) system, there is a need for more, more varied, and more accurately described experiments in order to further improve the design of SRP-DFs. Additionally, we confirm that, when including non-local correlation, the sticking of H2 on Cu(111) is still well described quasi-classically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidius W F Smeets
- Univeristeit Leiden, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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14
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Auras SV, van Lent R, Bashlakov D, Piñeiros Bastidas JM, Roorda T, Spierenburg R, Juurlink LBF. Scaling Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrogen Dissociation on Corrugated Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20973-20979. [PMID: 32749736 PMCID: PMC7692953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We determine absolute reactivities for dissociation at low coordinated Pt sites. Two curved Pt(111) single-crystal surfaces allow us to probe either straight or highly kinked step edges with molecules impinging at a low impact energy. A model extracts the average reactivity of inner and outer kink atoms, which is compared to the reactivity of straight A- and B-type steps. Local surface coordination numbers do not adequately capture reactivity trends for H2 dissociation. We utilize the increase of reactivity with step density to determine the area over which a step causes increased dissociation. This step-type specific reactive area extends beyond the step edge onto the (111) terrace. It defines the reaction cross-section for H2 dissociation at the step, bypassing assumptions about contributions of individual types of surface atoms. Our results stress the non-local nature of H2 interaction with a surface and provide insight into reactivity differences for nearly identical step sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine V Auras
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Lent
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dima Bashlakov
- ILTPE, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61103, Ukraine
| | | | - Tycho Roorda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Spierenburg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B F Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Auras SV, Lent R, Bashlakov D, Piñeiros Bastidas JM, Roorda T, Spierenburg R, Juurlink LBF. Scaling Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Dissociation on Corrugated Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine V. Auras
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Richard Lent
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Dima Bashlakov
- ILTPE, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 47 Nauky Ave. Kharkiv 61103 Ukraine
| | | | - Tycho Roorda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rick Spierenburg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding heterogeneous catalysis at the atomic level requires detailed knowledge of the reactivity of different surface sites toward specific bond breaking and bond making events. We illustrate a new method in such investigations. We use a macroscopically curved Pt single crystal containing a large variation in density of highly kinked steps of two different chiralities. Scanning tunneling microscopy maps the entire range of surface structures present on the 31° section surrounding the Pt(111) apex. Whereas most of the surface shows the expected characteristic arrays of parallel steps, hexagonally-shaped, single-atom deep pits remain after cleaning procedures near the apex. Their orientation is indicative of the different chiralities present on the two sides of the crystal’s apex. These unintended defects locally raise the surface defect concentration, but are of little consequence to subsequent reactivity measurements for $$\text {D}_2$$
D
2
dissociation and H–D exchange as probed by supersonic molecular beam techniques. We quantify absolute elementary dissociation and relative isotopic exchange rates across the surface with high spatial resolution. At low incident energies, elementary dissociation of the homonuclear isotoplogues is dominated by the kinked steps. H–D exchange kinetics depend also mostly linearly on step density. The changing ratio of D2 dissociation to H–D formation, however, suggests that anisotropic diffusion of H(D) atoms is of influence to the measured HD production rate.
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17
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Yan B, Bisbey RP, Alabugin A, Surendranath Y. Mixed Electron–Proton Conductors Enable Spatial Separation of Bond Activation and Charge Transfer in Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11115-11122. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryan P. Bisbey
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Cheng C, Zhang X, Yang Z. Low-temperature preferential oxidation of CO over Ag monolayer decorated Mo 2C (MXene) for purifying H 2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:215201. [PMID: 30790783 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Selective removal of CO from reformate streams at low temperature is an important issue to be solved for anode catalysts of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Using density functional theory, we demonstrate that the Ag monolayer decorated Mo2C can be used as an effective low cost catalyst with high activity, selectivity and stability for preferential oxidation of CO. Ag monolayer decorated Mo2C can also be used as a filter membrane for separating H2 and CO. Meanwhile, the high selectivity is achieved because H2 hardly takes part in the reaction, and the good activity is obtained since the CO with moderate binding strength could be smoothly removed at various CO concentration. We propose a facile route for removing CO by injecting low O2 supply because it can resist CO poisoning with promoted activity for CO oxidation at higher CO concentration. We anticipate that Ag monolayer decorated Mo2C can be used as a promising H2 purifying pretreater by preferential oxidation of CO connecting to the anode of PEMFCs. We hope the present results could advance the development of catalysts for purifying H2 and inspire more researches on the application of MXene catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ghassemi E, Somers MF, Kroes GJ. Assessment of Two Problems of Specific Reaction Parameter Density Functional Theory: Sticking and Diffraction of H 2 on Pt(111). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:10406-10418. [PMID: 31049122 PMCID: PMC6488140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is important that theory is able to accurately describe dissociative chemisorption reactions on metal surfaces, as such reactions are often rate-controlling in heterogeneously catalyzed processes. Chemically accurate theoretical descriptions have recently been obtained on the basis of the specific reaction parameter (SRP) approach to density functional (DF) theory (DFT), allowing reaction barriers to be obtained with chemical accuracy. However, being semiempirical, this approach suffers from two basic problems. The first is that sticking probabilities (to which SRP density functionals (DFs) are usually fitted) might show differences across experiments, of which the origins are not always clear. The second is that it has proven hard to use experiments on diffractive scattering of H2 from metals for validation purposes, as dynamics calculations using a SRP-DF may yield a rather poor description of the measured data, especially if the potential used contains a van der Waals well. We address the first problem by performing dynamics calculations on three sets of molecular beam experiments on D2 + Pt(111), using four sets of molecular beam parameters to obtain sticking probabilities, and the SRP-DF recently fitted to one set of experiments on D2 + Pt(111). It is possible to reproduce all three sets of experiments with chemical accuracy with the aid of two sets of molecular beam parameters. The theoretical simulations with the four different sets of beam parameters allow one to determine for which range of incidence conditions the experiments should agree well and for which conditions they should show specific differences. This allows one to arrive at conclusions about the quality of the experiments and about problems that might affect the experiments. Our calculations on diffraction of H2 scattering from Pt(111) show both quantitative and qualitative differences with previously measured diffraction probabilities, which were Debye-Waller (DW)-extrapolated to 0 K. We suggest that DW extrapolation, which is appropriate for direct scattering, might fail if the scattering is affected by the presence of a van der Waals well and that theory should attempt to model surface atom motion for reproducing diffraction experiments performed for surface temperatures of 500 K and higher.
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20
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Ghassemi EN, Smeets EWF, Somers MF, Kroes GJ, Groot IMN, Juurlink LBF, Füchsel G. Transferability of the Specific Reaction Parameter Density Functional for H 2 + Pt(111) to H 2 + Pt(211). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:2973-2986. [PMID: 30792827 PMCID: PMC6376921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The accurate description of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions may require chemically accurate evaluation of barriers for reactions of molecules at the edges of metal nanoparticles. It was recently shown that a semiempirical density functional describing the interaction of a molecule dissociating on a flat metal surface (CHD3 + Pt(111)) is transferable to the same molecule reacting on a stepped surface of the same metal (Pt(211)). However, validation of the method for additional systems is desirable. To address the question whether the specific reaction parameter (SRP) functional that describes H2 + Pt(111) with chemical accuracy is also capable of accurately describing H2 + Pt(211), we have performed molecular beam simulations with the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method, using the SRP functional developed for H2 + Pt(111). Our calculations used the Born-Oppenheimer static surface model. The accuracy of the QCT method was assessed by comparison with quantum dynamics results for reaction of the ro-vibrational ground state of H2. The theoretical results for sticking of H2 and D2 on Pt(211) are in quite good agreement with the experiment, but uncertainties remain because of a lack of accuracy of the QCT simulations at low incidence energies and possible inaccuracies in the reported experimental incidence energies at high energies. We also investigated the nonadiabatic effect of electron-hole pair excitation on the reactivity using the molecular dynamics with the electron friction (MDEF) method, employing the local density friction approximation (LDFA). Only small effects of electron-hole pair excitation on sticking are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nour Ghassemi
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Egidius W. F. Smeets
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Mark F. Somers
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Gernot Füchsel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie—Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie
Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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21
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van Lent R, Auras SV, Cao K, Walsh AJ, Gleeson MA, Juurlink LBF. Site-specific reactivity of molecules with surface defects—the case of H2 dissociation on Pt. Science 2019; 363:155-157. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The classic system that describes weakly activated dissociation in heterogeneous catalysis has been explained by two dynamical models that are fundamentally at odds. Whereas one model for hydrogen dissociation on platinum(111) invokes a preequilibrium and diffusion toward defects, the other is based on direct and local reaction. We resolve this dispute by quantifying site-specific reactivity using a curved platinum single-crystal surface. Reactivity is step-type dependent and varies linearly with step density. Only the model that relies on localized dissociation is consistent with our results. Our approach provides absolute, site-specific reaction cross sections.
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22
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Smith RS, Petrik NG, Kimmel GA, Kay BD. Communication: Proton exchange in low temperature co-mixed amorphous H 2O and D 2O films: The effect of the underlying Pt(111) and graphene substrates. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:081104. [PMID: 30193464 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotopic exchange reactions in mixed D2O and H2O amorphous solid water (ASW) films were investigated using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Nanoscale films composed of 5% D2O in H2O were deposited on Pt(111) and graphene covered Pt(111) substrates. At 130 K, we find that the reaction is strongly dependent on the substrate with the H/D exchange being significantly more rapid on the Pt(111) surface than on graphene. At 140 K, the films eventually crystallize with the final products on the two substrates being primarily HOD molecule on Pt(111) and a mixture of HOD and unreacted D2O on graphene. We demonstrate by pre-dosing H2 and O2 on Pt(111) that the observed differences in reactivity on the two substrates are likely due to the formation of hydrogen ions at the Pt(111) surface that are not formed on graphene. Once formed the mobile protons move through the ASW overlayer to initiate the H/D exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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23
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Cao K, van Lent R, Kleyn A, Juurlink L. A molecular beam study of D2 dissociation on Pt(1 1 1): Testing SRP-DFT calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Füchsel G, Cao K, Er S, Smeets EWF, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF, Kroes GJ. Anomalous Dependence of the Reactivity on the Presence of Steps: Dissociation of D 2 on Cu(211). J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:170-175. [PMID: 29262681 PMCID: PMC5759030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Stepped metal surfaces are usually assumed to exhibit an increased catalytic activity for bond cleavage of small molecules over their flat single-crystal counterparts. We present experimental and theoretical data on the dissociative adsorption of molecular hydrogen on copper that contradicts this notion. We observe hydrogen molecules to be more reactive on the flat Cu(111) than on the stepped Cu(211) surface. We suggest that this exceptional behavior is due to a geometric effect, that is, that bond cleavage on the flat surface does not occur preferentially over a top site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Füchsel
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kun Cao
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Süleyman Er
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Dutch
Institute For Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Egidius W. F. Smeets
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart W. Kleyn
- Center
of Interface Dynamics for Sustainability, Institute of Materials,
CAEP, 596 Yinhe Road
seventh Section, Shuangliu,Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- L.B.F.J.: E-mail: . Tel: +31 (0)71 527 4221
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- G.-J.K.: E-mail: . Tel: +31 (0)71 527 4396
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25
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Kroes GJ, Wijzenbroek M, Manson JR. Possible effect of static surface disorder on diffractive scattering of H2 from Ru(0001): Comparison between theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:244705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5011741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Wijzenbroek
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. R. Manson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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26
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Nour Ghassemi E, Wijzenbroek M, Somers MF, Kroes GJ. Chemically accurate simulation of dissociative chemisorption of D2 on Pt(1 1 1). Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Wu H, Fu Q, Bao X. In situ Raman spectroscopy study of metal-enhanced hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of VO2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:434003. [PMID: 27603090 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/43/434003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has a phase transition from insulator to metal at 340 K, and this transition can be strongly modified by hydrogenation. In this work, two dimensional (2D) VO2 sheets have been grown on Si(1 1 1) surfaces through chemical vapor deposition, and metal (Au, Pt) thin films were deposited on VO2 surfaces by sputtering. The hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of VO2 and metal-decorated VO2 structures in H2 and in air were in situ studied by Raman. We found that hydrogenation and dehydrogenation temperatures have been significantly decreased with the VO2 surface decorated by Au and Pt. The enhanced hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions can be attributed to catalytic dissociation of H2 and O2 molecules on metal surfaces and subsequent spillover of dissociated H and O atoms to the oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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28
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Heard CJ, Hu C, Skoglundh M, Creaser D, Grönbeck H. Kinetic Regimes in Ethylene Hydrogenation over Transition-Metal Surfaces. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Heard
- Department
of Applied Physics, ‡Competence Centre for Catalysis, and §Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Chaoquan Hu
- Department
of Applied Physics, ‡Competence Centre for Catalysis, and §Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Skoglundh
- Department
of Applied Physics, ‡Competence Centre for Catalysis, and §Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Derek Creaser
- Department
of Applied Physics, ‡Competence Centre for Catalysis, and §Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department
of Applied Physics, ‡Competence Centre for Catalysis, and §Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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29
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Kroes GJ, Díaz C. Quantum and classical dynamics of reactive scattering of H2 from metal surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3658-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
State-of-the-art theoretical models allow nowadays an accurate description of H2/metal surface systems and phenomena relative to heterogeneous catalysis. Here we review the most relevant ones investigated during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Gorlaeus Laboratories
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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30
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Wijzenbroek M, Klein DM, Smits B, Somers MF, Kroes GJ. Performance of a Non-Local van der Waals Density Functional on the Dissociation of H2 on Metal Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12146-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wijzenbroek
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David M. Klein
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Smits
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark F. Somers
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry,
Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Kurahashi M, Yamauchi Y. Spin correlation in O(2) chemisorption on Ni(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:016101. [PMID: 25615482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.016101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O(2)) is a paramagnetic linear molecule, yet how its electron spin affects the chemisorption probability remains unclear. We here present the first spin- and alignment-resolved O(2) chemisorption experiment conducted with a single spin-rotational state-selected O(2) beam and a magnetized Ni(111) surface. The results show that the O(2) sticking probability is higher when its spin is oriented antiparallel to the majority spin direction of the Ni substrate. The spin dependence becomes more significant at low translational energy, and amounts to over 40% at thermal energy. This strong spin effect suggests that incident O(2) molecules keep high spin polarizations even at the position of the dissociation barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Kurahashi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamauchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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32
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Salzemann C, Kameche F, Ngo AT, Andreazza P, Calatayud M, Petit C. Platinum and platinum based nanoalloys synthesized by wet chemistry. Faraday Discuss 2015; 181:19-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanocrystals and their derivatives with palladium and cobalt are of fundamental interest due to their wide field of application in chemistry and physics. Their properties are strongly dependent on their shape and composition. However the chemical route is far from allowing control of both shape and composition. In this paper, we show both experimentally and theoretically the important role of the interaction of small adsorbed molecules on the shape but also on the composition. This has been studied by comparing the case of pure palladium and platinum nanocrystals and the case of PtPd and PtCo nanoalloys synthesized by the liquid–liquid phase transfer method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farid Kameche
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 8233
- MONARIS
- Paris
| | - Anh-Tu Ngo
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 8233
- MONARIS
- Paris
| | - Pascal Andreazza
- Centre de Recherche sur la Matière Divisée
- CRMD
- Université d'Orléans
- CNRS
- Orléans Cedex 2
| | - Monica Calatayud
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7616
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- Paris
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33
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Schindler B, Diesing D, Hasselbrink E. Electronic Excitations in the Course of the Reaction of H with Coinage and Noble Metal Surfaces: A Comparison. Z PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2013.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Kurahashi M, Yamauchi Y. Steric effect in O2 sticking on Al(111): preference for parallel geometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:246102. [PMID: 25165941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.246102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental evidence that the sticking probability of O2 on Al(111) depends strongly on the alignment of an O2 molecule relative to the surface. The steric effect was measured with an aligned O2 beam prepared by a hexapole magnet. It has been found that, at translational energies <0.2 eV, O2 sticking occurs predominantly when the molecular axis is parallel to the surface, and that the dissociation barrier at the perpendicular geometry is ∼ 0.1 eV higher than at the parallel geometry. The present results indicate that the abstraction process, which would occur at the perpendicular geometry, is a minor event at low translational energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Kurahashi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamauchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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35
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Huang X, Yan X, Xiao Y. Effects of vacancy and step on dissociative dynamics of H2 on Pd (111) surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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36
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KROES GEERTJAN, SOMERS MARKF. SIX-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICS OF DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION OF H2 ON METAL SURFACES. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633605001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The theory of time-dependent quantum dynamics of dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen on metal surfaces is reviewed, in the framework of electronically adiabatic scattering from static surfaces. Four implementations of the time-dependent wave packet (TDWP) method are discussed. In the direct product pseudo-spectral and the spherical harmonics pseudo-spectral methods, no use is made of the symmetry associated with the surface unit cell. This symmetry is exploited by the symmetry adapted wave packet and the symmetry adapted pseudo-spectral (SAPS) method, which are efficient for scattering at normal incidence. The SAPS method can be employed for potential energy surfaces of general form. Comparison to experiment shows that the TDWP method yields good, but not yet excellent, quantitative accuracy for dissociation of (ν = 0, j = 0) H 2 if the calculations are based on accurately fitted density functional theory calculations that are performed using the generalized gradient approximation. The influence of the molecule's vibration (rotation) is well (reasonably well) described. The theory does not yet yield quantitatively accurate results for rovibrationally inelastic scattering. The theory has helped with the interpretation of existing experimental results, for instance, by solving a parodox regarding the corrugation of Pt(111) as seen by reacting and scattering H 2. The theory has also provided some exciting new predictions, for instance, concerning where on the surface of Cu(100) H2 reacts depending on its vibrational state. Future theoretical studies of H 2 reacting on metal surfaces will likely be aimed at validating GGAs for molecule-surface interactions, and understanding trends in collisions of H 2 with complex metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- GEERT-JAN KROES
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - MARK F. SOMERS
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, University, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Ge GX, Yan HX, Jing Q, Luo YH. Theoretical Study of Hydrogen Adsorption on Ruthenium Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-011-0395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Nieto P, Barredo D, Farías D, Miranda R. In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Diffraction of H2 from Ru(001). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7283-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nieto
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Barredo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Farías
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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39
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Groot IMN, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. The Energy Dependence of the Ratio of Step and Terrace Reactivity for H2 Dissociation on Stepped Platinum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5174-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Groot IMN, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. The Energy Dependence of the Ratio of Step and Terrace Reactivity for H2 Dissociation on Stepped Platinum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Poelsema B, Lenz K, Comsa G. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on Pt(111): Actuation and acceleration by atomic defects. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:074703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3530286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bene Poelsema
- Solid State Physics MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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42
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Hahn C, Shan J, Groot IM, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LB. Selective poisoning of active sites for D2 dissociation on platinum. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Wang L, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Zhang SB, Chen Z. First-principles study of molecular hydrogen dissociation on doped Al12X (X = B, Al, C, Si, P, Mg, and Ca) clusters. J Comput Chem 2009; 30:2509-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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44
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45
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Groot IMN, Schouten KJP, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. Dynamics of hydrogen dissociation on stepped platinum. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:224707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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46
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Johansson M, Lytken O, Chorkendorff I. The sticking probability for H2 on some transition metals at a hydrogen pressure of 1bar. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:034706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2825296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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47
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Shan J, Aarts JFM, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. Co-adsorption of water and hydrogen on Ni(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:4994-5003. [DOI: 10.1039/b808219g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Groot IMN, Ueta H, van der Niet MJTC, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. Supersonic molecular beam studies of dissociative adsorption of H2 on Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2007; 127:244701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2813413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Ludwig J, Vlachos DG. Ab initio molecular dynamics of hydrogen dissociation on metal surfaces using neural networks and novelty sampling. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:154716. [PMID: 17949200 DOI: 10.1063/1.2794338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We outline a hybrid multiscale approach for the construction of ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) useful for performing six-dimensional (6D) classical or quantum mechanical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of diatomic molecules reacting at single crystal surfaces. The algorithm implements concepts from the corrugation reduction procedure, which reduces energetic variation in the PES, and uses neural networks for interpolation of smoothed ab initio data. A novelty sampling scheme is implemented and used to identify configurations that are most likely to be predicted inaccurately by the neural network. This hybrid multiscale approach, which couples PES construction at the electronic structure level to MD simulations at the atomistic scale, reduces the number of density functional theory (DFT) calculations needed to specify an accurate PES. Due to the iterative nature of the novelty sampling algorithm, it is possible to obtain a quantitative measure of the convergence of the PES with respect to the number of ab initio calculations used to train the neural network. We demonstrate the algorithm by first applying it to two analytic potentials, which model the H2/Pt(111) and H2/Cu(111) systems. These potentials are of the corrugated London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato form, which are based on DFT calculations, but are not globally accurate. After demonstrating the convergence of the PES using these simple potentials, we use DFT calculations directly and obtain converged semiclassical trajectories for the H2/Pt(111) system at the PW91/generalized gradient approximation level. We obtain a converged PES for a 6D hydrogen-surface dissociation reaction using novelty sampling coupled directly to DFT. These results, in excellent agreement with experiments and previous theoretical work, are compared to previous simulations in order to explore the sensitivity of the PES (and therefore MD) to the choice of exchange and correlation functional. Despite having a lower energetic corrugation in our PES, we obtain a broader reaction probability curve than previous simulations, which is attributed to increased geometric corrugation in the PES and the effect of nonparallel dissociation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Ludwig
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-3110, USA
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50
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