1
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Lotito V, Zambelli T. Heat: A powerful tool for colloidal particle shaping. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103240. [PMID: 39024831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles of spherical shape are important building blocks for nanotechnological applications. Materials with tailored physical properties can be directly synthesized from self-assembled particles, as is the case for colloidal photonic crystals. In addition, colloidal monolayers and multilayers can be exploited as a mask for the fabrication of complex nanostructures via a colloidal lithography process for applications ranging from optoelectronics to sensing. Several techniques have been adopted to modify the shape of both individual colloidal particles and colloidal masks. Thermal treatment of colloidal particles is an effective route to introduce colloidal particle deformation or to manipulate colloidal masks (i.e. to tune the size of the interstices between colloidal particles) by heating them at elevated temperatures above a certain critical temperature for the particle material. In particular, this type of morphological manipulation based on thermal treatments has been extensively applied to polymer particles. Nonetheless, interesting shaping effects have been observed also in inorganic materials, in particular silica particles. Due to their much less complex implementation and distinctive shaping effects in comparison to dry etching or high energy ion beam irradiation, thermal treatments turn out to be a powerful and competitive tool to induce colloidal particle deformation. In this review, we examine the physicochemical principles and mechanisms of heat-induced shaping as well as its experimental implementation. We also explore its applications, going from tailored masks for colloidal lithography to the fabrication of colloidal assemblies directly useful for their intrinsic optical, thermal and mechanical properties (e.g. thermal switches) and even to the synthesis of supraparticles and anisotropic particles, such as doublets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lotito
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Mo R, Zhang F, Sheng X, Zhang X. A Sensitive Concentration- and Polarity-Dependent Pyrene-Derived Vibrationally Resolved Fluorescence Probe for The Polymer Interdiffusion Study. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300391. [PMID: 37690003 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The vibrationally resolved pyrene fluorescence probe method is once popular but now languished, because the vibrationally resolved patterns of pyrene with limited sensitivity and concentration independence have not been updated for over 50 years. During investigation on the polymer interdiffusion of a latex film, it is found that a pyrene acylhydrazone whose vibrationally resolved fluorescence pattern contradictory to those reported in pyrene and most pyrene derivatives. The pyrene acylhydrazone has sensitive concentration- and polarity-dependent fluorescence spectra (the sensitivity on polarity is at most 26 times higher than the old vibrationally resolved patterns), and the sensitivity well remains when it is copolymerized in a polymer. The vibrationally resolved spectrum of this pyrene acylhydrazone is a powerful fluorescence probe, which would be as useful as the pyrene excimer probe nowadays popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Sheng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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3
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Wang L, Wang Q, Rosqvist E, Smått JH, Yong Q, Lassila L, Peltonen J, Rosenau T, Toivakka M, Willför S, Eklund P, Xu C, Wang X. Template-Directed Polymerization of Binary Acrylate Monomers on Surface-Activated Lignin Nanoparticles in Toughening of Bio-Latex Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207085. [PMID: 36919307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating bio-latex colloids with core-shell nanostructure is an effective method for obtaining films with enhanced mechanical characteristics. Nano-sized lignin is rising as a class of sustainable nanomaterials that can be incorporated into latex colloids. Fundamental knowledge of the correlation between surface chemistry of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and integration efficiency in latex colloids and from it thermally processed latex films are scarce. Here, an approach to integrate self-assembled nanospheres of allylated lignin as the surface-activated cores in a seeded free-radical emulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate is proposed. The interfacial-modulating function on allylated LNPs regulates the emulsion polymerization and it successfully produces a multi-energy dissipative latex film structure containing a lignin-dominated core (16% dry weight basis). At an optimized allyl-terminated surface functionality of 1.04 mmol g-1 , the LNPs-integrated latex film exhibits extremely high toughness value above 57.7 MJ m-3 . With multiple morphological and microstructural characterizations, the well-ordered packing of latex colloids under the nanoconfinement of LNPs in the latex films is revealed. It is concluded that the surface chemistry metrics of colloidal cores in terms of the abundance of polymerization-modulating anchors and their accessibility have a delicate control over the structural evolution of core-shell latex colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Qingbo Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Emil Rosqvist
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Jan-Henrik Smått
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Qiwen Yong
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4b, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jouko Peltonen
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU University), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, Tulln, AT-3430, Austria
| | - Martti Toivakka
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Patrik Eklund
- Organic Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
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4
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Singh PK, Pacholski ML, Gu J, Go YK, Singhal G, Leal C, Braun PV, Patankar KA, Drumright R, Rogers SA, Schroeder CM. Designing Multicomponent Polymer Colloids for Self-Stratifying Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11160-11170. [PMID: 36053575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous polymer colloids known as latexes are widely used in coating applications. Multicomponent latexes comprised of two incompatible polymeric species organized into a core-shell particle morphology are a promising system for self-stratifying coatings that spontaneously partition into multiple layers, thereby yielding complex structured coatings requiring only a single application step. Developing new materials for self-stratifying coatings requires a clear understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties governing phase separation and polymeric species transport. In this work, we study phase separation and self-stratification in polymer films based on multicomponent acrylic (shell) and acrylic-silicone (core) latex particles. Our results show that the molecular weight of the shell polymer and heat aging conditions of the film critically determine the underlying transport phenomena, which ultimately controls phase separation in the film. Unentangled shell polymers result in efficient phase separation within hours with heat aging at reasonable temperatures, whereas entangled shell polymers effectively inhibit phase separation even under extensive heat aging conditions over a period of months due to kinetic limitations. Transmission electron microscopy is used to track morphological changes as a function of thermal aging. Interestingly, our results show that the rheological properties of the latex films are highly sensitive to morphology, and linear shear rheology is used to understand morphological changes. Overall, these results highlight the importance of bulk rheology as a simple and effective tool for understanding changes in morphology in multicomponent latex films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junsi Gu
- The Dow Chemical Company, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-2914, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ray Drumright
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
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5
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Hirth C, Gerst M, Rückel M, Botin D, Heinz M, Namyslo JC, Ruan J, Adams J, Johannsmann D. Moderate Chain Branching in Waterborne Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Combines Strain Hardening with Entanglements Formed during Film Formation: A Study Based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Mechanical Testing. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hirth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld D-38678, Germany
| | - Matthias Gerst
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen D-67056, Germany
| | - Markus Rückel
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen D-67056, Germany
| | - Denis Botin
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen D-67056, Germany
| | - Martina Heinz
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld D-38678, Germany
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld D-38678, Germany
| | - Jialu Ruan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld D-38678, Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld D-38678, Germany
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld D-38678, Germany
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6
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Argaiz M, Ruipérez F, Aguirre M, Tomovska R. Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3098. [PMID: 34578000 PMCID: PMC8470605 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of waterborne (meth)acrylic coatings is critically affected by the film formation process, in which the individual polymer particles must join to form a continuous film. Consequently, the waterborne polymers present lower performance than their solvent-borne counter-polymers. To decrease this effect, in this work, ionic complexation between oppositely charged polymer particles was introduced and its effect on the performance of waterborne polymer films was studied. The (meth)acrylic particles were charged by the addition of a small amount of ionic monomers, such as sodium styrene sulfonate and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. Density functional theory calculations showed that the interaction between the selected main charges of the respective functional monomers (sulfonate-amine) is favored against the interactions with their counter ions (sulfonate-Na and amine-H). To induce ionic complexation, the oppositely charged latexes were blended, either based on the same number of charges or the same number of particles. The performance of the ionic complexed coatings was determined by means of tensile tests and water uptake measurements. The ionic complexed films were compared with reference films obtained at pH at which the cationic charges were in neutral form. The mechanical resistance was raised slightly by ionic bonding between particles, producing much more flexible films, whereas the water penetration within the polymeric films was considerably hindered. By exploring the process of polymer chains interdiffusion using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis, it was found that the ionic complexation was established between the particles, which reduced significantly the interdiffusion process of polymer chains. The presented ionic complexes of sulfonate-amine functionalized particles open a promising approach for reinforcing waterborne coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Argaiz
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea, 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Miren Aguirre
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea, 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea, 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (M.A.); (M.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Wahdat H, Gerst M, Möbius S, Adams J. Interdiffusion during film formation of ionically cross‐linked acrylics investigated with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hares Wahdat
- Institute of Physical ChemistryClausthal University of Technology Clausthal‐Zellerfeld D‐38678 Germany
| | - Matthias Gerst
- Advanced Materials & Systems ResearchBASF SE Ludwigshafen D‐67056 Germany
| | - Stephan Möbius
- Advanced Materials & Systems ResearchBASF SE Ludwigshafen D‐67056 Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical ChemistryClausthal University of Technology Clausthal‐Zellerfeld D‐38678 Germany
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8
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Denktaş C. Mechanical and film formation behavior from PDMS/NaY zeolite composite membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Denktaş
- Department of PhysicsY.T.Ü. Esenler Istanbul Turkey
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9
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Fluorescence and photon transmission techniques for studying film formation from PS/GO nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Wahdat H, Gerst M, Rückel M, Möbius S, Adams J. Influence of Delayed, Ionic Polymer Cross-Linking on Film Formation Kinetics of Waterborne Adhesives. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hares Wahdat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Gerst
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Rückel
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Stephan Möbius
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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11
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Wahdat H, Hirth C, Johannsmann D, Gerst M, Rückel M, Adams J. Film Formation of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs) Studied with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and Scattering Intensity. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hares Wahdat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Christopher Hirth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Gerst
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Rückel
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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12
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Nutz FA, Retsch M. Interfacial and volumetric sensitivity of the dry sintering process of polymer colloidal crystals: a thermal transport and photonic bandgap study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:16124-16130. [PMID: 28604861 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01994g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the in situ characterization of the dry sintering process of face-centred cubic colloidal crystals by two complementary techniques: thermal transport and photonic stopband characterization. Therefore, we employed time-dependent, isothermal laser flash analysis and specular reflectivity experiments close to the glass transition temperature of the colloidal crystal. Both methods yield distinctly different time constants of the film formation process. This discrepancy can be attributed to a volume- (photonic stopband) and interface-driven (thermal transport) sensitivity of the respective characterization method. Nevertheless, both methods yield comparable apparent activation energies. Finally, we extended the sintering process characterization to further polymer compositions, with vastly different glass transition temperatures. We could show that the film formation rate is governed by the viscoelastic properties of the polymers at the respective annealing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Nutz
- University of Bayreuth, Physical Chemistry - Polymer Systems, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Markus Retsch
- University of Bayreuth, Physical Chemistry - Polymer Systems, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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13
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Li X, Zhang C, Sha Y, Li L, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Xue G, Wang X. Cold flow of three-dimensional confined polymer systems. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Solís-Gómez A, Neira-Velázquez MG, Morales J, Sánchez-Castillo MA, Pérez E. Improving stability of TiO2 particles in water by RF-plasma polymerization of poly(acrylic acid) on the particle surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Ribeiro T, Baleizão C, Farinha JPS. Functional Films from Silica/Polymer Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2014; 7:3881-3900. [PMID: 28788655 PMCID: PMC5453198 DOI: 10.3390/ma7053881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High performance functional coatings, based on hybrid organic/inorganic materials, are being developed to combine the polymer flexibility and ease of processing with the mechanical properties and versatility of inorganic materials. By incorporating silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the polymeric matrices, it is possible to obtain hybrid polymer films with increased tensile strength and impact resistance, without decreasing the flexural properties of the polymer matrix. The SiNPs can further be used as carriers to impart other functionalities (optical, etc.) to the hybrid films. By using polymer-coated SiNPs, it is possible to reduce particle aggregation in the films and, thus, achieve more homogeneous distributions of the inorganic components and, therefore, better properties. On the other hand, by coating polymer particles with silica, one can create hierarchically structured materials, for example to obtain superhydrophobic coatings. In this review, we will cover the latest developments in films prepared from hybrid polymer/silica functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Ribeiro
- CQFM-Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Baleizão
- CQFM-Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José Paulo S Farinha
- CQFM-Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Whitmore MD, Vavasour JD, Spiro JG, Winnik MA. On Cylindrical PS-b-PMMA in Moderate and Weak Segregation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401862w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Whitmore
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 186 Dysart
Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2M 5C6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D. Vavasour
- Code Mystics Inc., 1500-701 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V7Y 1C6, Canada
| | - John G. Spiro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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17
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Pohl K, Kussmaul B, Adams J, Johannsmann D. On-line determination of Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency in drying latex films: correlation of interdiffusion and particle deformation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:063103. [PMID: 22755611 DOI: 10.1063/1.4726025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An instrument is described, which measures the efficiency of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in parallel to the sample's turbidity. The instrument was used to study the film formation from polymer latex dispersions. In this context, the FRET efficiency reflects the diffusion of polymer chains across the interparticle boundaries, while the loss of turbidity reflects the progress of particle deformation. Particle deformation causes tensile in-plane stress, while polymer interdiffusion creates cohesion and thereby helps to prevent cracking. The relative timing between the two therefore is of fundamental importance for successful film formation. The on-line determination of FRET efficiency while the film dries is complicated by the fact that the fluorescence lifetime of the donor, τ(D), depends on the water content in the vicinity of the donor. In the established procedure for data analysis, drifts in τ(D) induce corresponding artifical drifts in the values of the FRET efficiency. A novel algorithm for the analysis of fluorescence decay profiles is proposed, which makes use of the method of moments. The FRET efficiency is quantified by the upward curvature of the fluorescence decay curve in log-linear display. In the application example, interdiffusion is delayed relative to particle deformation by about 10 min. For successful film formation, this delay should be as small as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pohl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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18
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Piçarra S, Afonso CAM, Kurteva VB, Fedorov A, Martinho JMG, Farinha JPS. The influence of nanoparticle architecture on latex film formation and healing properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 368:21-33. [PMID: 22153277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of chain interdiffusion in films formed by specially architectured PBMA nanoparticles by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer -FRET. Polymer nanoparticles contained linear chains with narrower molecular weight distributions than other previous reports, allowing a more detailed study. Apparent fractions of mixing and diffusion coefficients, determined from the quantum efficiency of energy transfer, were used to characterize the interdiffusion mechanism in the different films. The resistance of the films to dissolution by a good solvent was finally correlated with the interdiffusion results, in order to get information about film healing. We concluded that whenever interdiffusion occurs between nanoparticles containing linear chains and fully cross-linked nanoparticles, healing becomes more effective in spite of showing slower interdiffusion. We also observed that particles with longer chains are more effective for film healing. Finally, we concluded that interdiffusion occurs both ways across interfaces in blends formed by particles swollen with linear chains of different molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piçarra
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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Winnik MA, Xu H, Satguru R. Application of fluorescence quenching techniques to the study of emulsion polymerization and latex characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19930700114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Winnik MA, Liu YS. Direct non-radiative energy transfer studies of interdiffusion latex films: Strategies for data analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19950920125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Soutar I, Swanson L. Applications of time-resolved anisotropy measurements to the study of molecular mobility and order in polymer systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19950900121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Schroeder WF, Liu Y, Tomba JP, Soleimani M, Lau W, Winnik MA. Influence of Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol on Polymer Diffusion in Poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) Latex Films. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3085-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9118875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter F. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E5 Canada, and Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Yuanqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E5 Canada, and Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - J. Pablo Tomba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E5 Canada, and Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Mohsen Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E5 Canada, and Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Willie Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E5 Canada, and Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E5 Canada, and Rohm and Haas Company, 727 Norristown Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477
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23
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Turshatov A, Adams J, Johannsmann D. Interparticle Contact in Drying Polymer Dispersions Probed by Time Resolved Fluorescence. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800548r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Strasse 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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24
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Zhang J, Hu S, Rieger J, Roth SV, Gehrke R, Men Y. Effect of Annealing on the Deformation Mechanism of a Styrene/n-Butyl Acrylate Copolymer Latex Film Investigated by Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800435f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China; BASF SE, Polymer Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; and HASYLAB am DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shanshan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China; BASF SE, Polymer Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; and HASYLAB am DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Rieger
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China; BASF SE, Polymer Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; and HASYLAB am DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan V. Roth
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China; BASF SE, Polymer Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; and HASYLAB am DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Gehrke
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China; BASF SE, Polymer Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; and HASYLAB am DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China; BASF SE, Polymer Physics, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany; and HASYLAB am DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Tomba JP, Ye X, Li F, Winnik MA, Lau W. Polymer blend latex films: Miscibility and polymer diffusion studied by energy transfer. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Bardajee GR, Vancaeyzeele C, Haley JC, Li AY, Winnik MA. Synthesis, characterization, and energy transfer studies of dye-labeled poly(butyl methacrylate) latex particles prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Uğur Ş, Elaissari A, Yargi Ö, Pekcan Ö. Reversible film formation from nano-sized PNIPAM particles below glass transition. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Spiro JG, Yang J, Zhang JX, Winnik MA, Rharbi Y, Vavasour JD, Whitmore MD, Jérôme R. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Lamellar Structure of a Styrene−Butyl Methacrylate Diblock Copolymer by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, and Self-Consistent-Field Simulations. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0526037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yahya Rharbi
- Laboratoire de Rhéologie, BP53-Domaine Universitaire, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | | | - Robert Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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31
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Tawa T, Ito S. The Role of Hard Segments of Aqueous Polyurethane-urea Dispersion in Determining the Colloidal Characteristics and Physical Properties. Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2005193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Uğur S, Pehlivan E, Tepehan F, Pekcan O. Ceramic encapsulated latex composites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 295:457-63. [PMID: 16188272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the encapsulation of latex particles in Al2O3-polystyrene (PS) composite films. These films were prepared from PS particles in Al2O3 dispersion at room temperature in various latex contents. Composite films were annealed at elevated temperatures in 10 min time interval above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene. Transmitted photon intensities, I(tr) were monitored after each annealing step. AFM micrographs were also used to observe the physical changes of the composite films during annealing. It was observed that latex particles are encapsulated above a critical Al2O3 content of 33 wt% which corresponds to the critical occupation probability of p(c) = 0.33 at which the film obey the site-percolation model with a critical exponent of 0.45. Below p(c), it was seen that complete latex film formation process took place, where transparency of the film was increased by annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uğur
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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33
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Soutar I, Swanson L, Annable T, Padget JC, Satgurunathan R. Luminescence techniques and characterization of the morphology of polymer latices. 1. Fluorescence quenching studies upon labelled acrylic dispersions. POLYM INT 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Uğur Ş, Pekcan Ö. Effects of annealing on morphology of polymer/polymer (PS/PMMA) blend; a fluorescence study. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Uğur S, Pekcan O. Film formation from pure and mixed latices; transient fluorescence study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 291:405-10. [PMID: 16009372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A fast transient fluorescence technique was used to study latex film formation induced by organic solvent vapor. Mixtures of pyrene (P)- and naphthalene (N)-labeled and/or pure naphthalene-labeled latex films were prepared separately from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles. Then these pure and mixed latex films were exposed to vapor of various chloroform-heptane mixtures in seven different experiments. In both films, fluorescence lifetimes from N were monitored during vapor-induced film formation. It was observed that N lifetimes decreased as the vapor exposure time is increased. A Stern-Volmer kinetic analysis was used for low quenching efficiencies to interpret the decrease in N lifetimes. A Prager-Tirrell model was employed to obtain back-and-forth frequencies, nu, of reptating PMMA chains during latex film formation induced by solvent vapor. In both pure and mixed latex films, nu values were found to be correlated with the chloroform content in the vapor mixture. It was observed that polymer interdiffusion obeyed a t1/2 law during film formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saziye Uğur
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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36
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37
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Film formation from monodisperse acrylic latices, part 4: the role of coalescing agents in the film formation process. Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-005-1333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Uğur Ş, Elaissari A, Pekcan Ö. Film formation from nano-sized polystyrene latex particles. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Farinha JPS, Spiro JG, Winnik MA. Dipole−Dipole Electronic Energy Transfer: Fluorescence Decay Functions for Arbitrary Distributions of Donors and Acceptors in Systems with Cylindrical Symmetry. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0480807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. S. Farinha
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - John G. Spiro
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - M. A. Winnik
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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40
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Oh JK, Stöeva V, Rademacher J, Farwaha R, Winnik MA. Synthesis, characterization, and emulsion polymerization of polymerizable coumarin derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Ye X, Farinha JPS, Oh JK, Winnik MA, Wu C. Polymer Diffusion in PBMA Latex Films Using a Polymerizable Benzophenone Derivative as an Energy Transfer Acceptor. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030041q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ye
- The Opening Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J. P. S. Farinha
- The Opening Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- The Opening Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- The Opening Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wu
- The Opening Laboratory for Bond-Selective Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6, Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Tecnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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42
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Oh JK, Yang J, Tomba JP, Rademacher J, Farwaha R, Winnik MA. Molar Mass Effect on the Rate of Polymer Diffusion in Poly(vinyl acetate-co-butyl acrylate) Latex Films. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030375f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Juan Pablo Tomba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Jude Rademacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Rajeev Farwaha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Road, Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
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43
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Uğur S, Elaissari A, Pekcan O. Void closure and interdiffusion processes during latex film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene particles: a fluorescence study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 263:674-83. [PMID: 12909062 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a steady state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene (PS) latex particles. The latex films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures for 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-min time intervals above the glass transition (T(g)) temperature of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film changed considerably. Scattered light (I(sc)) and fluorescence intensity (I(0P)) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of latex films were monitored using photon transmission intensity, I(tr). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect variation in the physical structure of annealed films. Onset temperature for film formation, T(0), void closure, T(v), and healing temperatures, T(h), were determined and corresponding activation energies were measured. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saziye Uğur
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, 80626 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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44
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Oh JK, Tomba P, Ye X, Eley R, Rademacher J, Farwaha R, Winnik MA. Film Formation and Polymer Diffusion in Poly(vinyl acetate-co-butyl acrylate) Latex Films. Temperature Dependence. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0301653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Pablo Tomba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Richard Eley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Jude Rademacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Rajeev Farwaha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6; ICI Paints, Research Center, 16651 Sprague Rd., Strongsville, Ohio 44136; and National Starch and Chemicals, 10 Finderne Av., Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807
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45
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Rharbi Y, Zhang JX, Spiro JG, Chen L, Winnik MA, Vavasour JD, Whitmore MD, Jérôme R. An Energy Transfer Study of Homopolymer Localization in Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020962l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R. Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman B6, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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46
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Tronc F, Chen W, Winnik MA, Eckersley ST, Rose GD, Weishuhn JM, Meunier DM. Epoxy-functionalized, low-glass-transition-temperature latex. II. Interdiffusion versus crosslinking in the presence of a diamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Kobayashi M, Rharbi Y, Brauge L, Cao L, Winnik MA. Effect of Silica as Fillers on Polymer Interdiffusion in Poly(butyl methacrylate) Latex Films. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yahya Rharbi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Laurent Brauge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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48
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Oh JK, Wu J, Winnik MA, Craun GP, Rademacher J, Farwaha R. Polymerizable benzophenone derivatives for labeling vinyl acetate-butylacrylate latex particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Tronc F, Liu R, Winnik MA, Eckersley ST, Rose GD, Weishuhn JM, Meunier DM. Epoxy-functionalized, low glass-transition temperature latex. I. Synthesis, characterizations, and polymer interdiffusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pekcan Ö, Erdoǧan M. Gel Swelling Induced by Organic Vapors; Fast Transient Fluorescence Study. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ö. Pekcan
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 80626, Turkey
| | - M. Erdoǧan
- Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 80626, Turkey
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