1
|
Wood D, Burleigh RJ, Smith N, Bortoletto D, Brouard M, Burt M, Nomerotski A, Plackett R, Shipsey I. Ion Microscope Imaging Mass Spectrometry Using a Timepix3-Based Optical Camera. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2328-2332. [PMID: 36383767 PMCID: PMC9732873 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ion microscopy allows for high-throughput mass spectrometry imaging. In order to resolve congested mass spectra, a high degree of timing precision is required from the microscope detector. In this paper we present an ion microscope mass spectrometer that uses a Timepix3 hybrid pixel readout with an optimal 1.56 ns resolution. A novel triggering technique is also employed to remove the need for an external time-to-digital converter (TDC) and allow the experiment to be performed using a low-cost and commercially available readout system. Results obtained from samples of rhodamine B demonstrate the application of multimass imaging sensors for microscope mass spectrometry imaging with high mass resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wood
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Burleigh
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Smith
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Bortoletto
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OxfordOX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Plackett
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Shipsey
- Robert
Hooke Building, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, OxfordOX1
3PP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo A, Burleigh RJ, Smith N, Brouard M, Burt M. High-Resolution Ion Microscope Imaging over Wide Mass Ranges Using Electrodynamic Postextraction Differential Acceleration. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1903-1909. [PMID: 32811151 PMCID: PMC7472747 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A time-dependent postextraction differential acceleration (PEDA) potential was used to temporally focus increasingly heavy ions in a stigmatic imaging mass spectrometer, allowing them to be imaged with high mass and spatial resolutions over a broad mass-to-charge (m/z) range. By applying a linearly rising potential to the ion extraction electrode, sequential m/z ratios were subjected to a changing electric field, allowing their foci to coincide at the detector. Using this approach, at least 75% of the maximum mass resolution was obtained over a 300-600 Da range when the ion microscope was focused around 450 Da, representing more than a 10-fold increase over the conventional single-field PEDA method.
Collapse
|
3
|
Burleigh RJ, Guo A, Smith N, Green A, Thompson S, Burt M, Brouard M. Microscope imaging mass spectrometry with a reflectron. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:023306. [PMID: 32113397 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A time-of-flight microscope imaging mass spectrometer incorporating a reflectron was used to image mass-resolved ions generated from a 270 μm diameter surface. Mass and spatial resolutions of 8100 ± 700 m/Δm and 18 μm ± 6 μm, respectively, were obtained simultaneously by using pulsed extraction differential acceleration ion optical focusing to create a pseudo-source plane for a single-stage gridless reflectron. The obtainable mass resolution was limited only by the response time of the position-sensitive detector and, according to simulations, could potentially reach 30 200 ± 2900 m/Δm. The spatial resolution can be further improved at the expense of the mass resolution to at least 6 μm by increasing the applied extraction field. An event-triggered fast imaging sensor was additionally used to record ion images for each time-of-flight peak resolved during an experimental cycle, demonstrating the high-throughput capability of the instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Burleigh
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ang Guo
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Smith
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Green
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Thompson
- Ionoptika Limited, Unit B6, Millbrook Close, Chandler's Ford, Eastleigh SO53 4BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Burt
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brouard
- The Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang T, Cheng X, Xu H, Meng Y, Yin Z, Li X, Hang W. Perspective on Advances in Laser-Based High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 92:543-553. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hexin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yifan Meng
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei Hang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Lab of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rae Buchberger A, DeLaney K, Johnson J, Li L. Mass Spectrometry Imaging: A Review of Emerging Advancements and Future Insights. Anal Chem 2018; 90:240-265. [PMID: 29155564 PMCID: PMC5959842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jillian Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong Y, Li B, Aharoni A. More than Pictures: When MS Imaging Meets Histology. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:686-698. [PMID: 27155743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Attaining high-resolution spatial information is a recurrent challenge in biological research, particularly in the case of small-molecule distribution. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an innovative molecular histology technique that could provide such information. It allows in situ and label-free measurement of both the abundance and distribution of a variety of molecules at the tissue or single cell level. The application of MSI in plant research has received considerable attention; thus, in this review, we describe the current state of MSI in plants. In particular, we present an overview of MSI approaches, highlight the recent technical and methodological developments, and discuss a range of applications contributing to the field of plant science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Steinhoff RF, Karst DJ, Steinebach F, Kopp MR, Schmidt GW, Stettler A, Krismer J, Soos M, Pabst M, Hierlemann A, Morbidelli M, Zenobi R. Microarray-based MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry enables monitoring of monoclonal antibody production in batch and perfusion cell cultures. Methods 2016; 104:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
8
|
Hommersom B, Syed SUAH, Eijkel GB, Kilgour DPA, Goodlett DR, Heeren RMA. An ambient detection system for visualization of charged particles generated with ionization methods at atmospheric pressure. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:352-358. [PMID: 26754127 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE With the current state-of-the-art detection of ions only taking place under vacuum conditions, active pixel detectors that operate under ambient conditions are of particular interest. These detectors are ideally suited to study and characterize the charge distributions generated by ambient ionization sources. METHODS The direct imaging capabilities of the active pixel detector are used to investigate the spatial distributions of charged droplets generated by three ionization sources, named electrospray ionization (ESI), paper spray ionization (PSI) and surface acoustic wave nebulization (SAWN). The ionization spray (ESI/PSI) and ionization plume (SAWN) originating from each source are directly imaged. The effect of source parameters such as spray voltage for ESI and PSI, and the angle of the paper spray tip on the charge distributions, is investigated. Two types of SAWN liquid interface, progressive wave (PW) and standing wave (SW), are studied. RESULTS Direct charge detection under ambient conditions is demonstrated using an active pixel detector. Direct charge distributions are obtained of weak, homogeneous/focused and dispersed spray plumes by applying low, intermediate and high spray potentials, respectively, for ESI. Spray plume footprints obtained for various angles of PSI shows the possibility to focus the ion beam as a function of the paper angle. Differences between two designs of the SAWN interface are determined. Droplet charge flux changes are illustrated in a way similar to a total ion chromatogram. CONCLUSIONS The use of this active pixel detector allows the rapid characterization and optimization of different ambient ionization sources without the actual use of a mass spectrometer. Valuable illustrations are obtained of changes in spatial distribution and number of charges detected for ESI, PSI and SAWN ion plumes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bob Hommersom
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- M4I, The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarfaraz U A H Syed
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Scientific Instruments B.V., Science Park 105, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert B Eijkel
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- M4I, The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David P A Kilgour
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA
- Deurion LLC, 3518 Fremont Avenue #503, Seatle, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- M4I, The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Scientific Instruments B.V., Science Park 105, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bodzon-Kulakowska A, Suder P. Imaging mass spectrometry: Instrumentation, applications, and combination with other visualization techniques. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:147-69. [PMID: 25962625 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) is strengthening its position as a valuable analytical tool. It has unique ability to identify structures and to unravel molecular changes that occur in the precisely defined part of the sample. These unique features open new possibilities in the field of various aspects of biological research. In this review we briefly discuss the main imaging mass spectrometry techniques, as well as the nature of biological samples and molecules, which might be analyzed by such methodology. Moreover, a novel approach, where different analytical techniques might be combined with the results of IMS study, is emphasized and discussed. With such a fast development of IMS and related methods, we can foresee the promising future of this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Sciences and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology (ACMiN), AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fischer CR, Ruebel O, Bowen BP. An accessible, scalable ecosystem for enabling and sharing diverse mass spectrometry imaging analyses. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 589:18-26. [PMID: 26365033 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is used in an increasing number of biological applications. Typical MSI datasets contain unique, high-resolution mass spectra from tens of thousands of spatial locations, resulting in raw data sizes of tens of gigabytes per sample. In this paper, we review technical progress that is enabling new biological applications and that is driving an increase in the complexity and size of MSI data. Handling such data often requires specialized computational infrastructure, software, and expertise. OpenMSI, our recently described platform, makes it easy to explore and share MSI datasets via the web - even when larger than 50 GB. Here we describe the integration of OpenMSI with IPython notebooks for transparent, sharable, and replicable MSI research. An advantage of this approach is that users do not have to share raw data along with analyses; instead, data is retrieved via OpenMSI's web API. The IPython notebook interface provides a low-barrier entry point for data manipulation that is accessible for scientists without extensive computational training. Via these notebooks, analyses can be easily shared without requiring any data movement. We provide example notebooks for several common MSI analysis types including data normalization, plotting, clustering, and classification, and image registration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curt R Fischer
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
| | - Oliver Ruebel
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA
| | - Benjamin P Bowen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Syed SUAH, Eijkel GB, Kistemaker P, Ellis S, Maher S, Smith DF, Heeren RMA. Experimental investigation of the 2D ion beam profile generated by an ESI octopole-QMS system. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1780-1787. [PMID: 25113629 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have employed an ion imaging approach to investigate the behavior of ions exiting from a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) system that employs a radio frequency octopole ion guide before the QMS. An in-vacuum active pixel detector (Timepix) is employed at the exit of the QMS to image the ion patterns. The detector assembly simultaneously records the ion impact position and number of ions per pixel in every measurement frame. The transmission characteristics of the ion beam exiting the QMS are studied using this imaging detector under different operating conditions. Experimental results confirm that the ion spatial distribution exiting the QMS is heavily influenced by ion injection conditions. Furthermore, ion images from Timepix measurements of protein standards demonstrate the capability to enhance the quality of the mass spectral information and provide a detailed insight in the spatial distribution of different charge states (and hence different m/z) ions exiting the QMS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Halford E, Winter B, Mills MD, Thompson SP, Parr V, John JJ, Nomerotski A, Vallance C, Turchetta R, Brouard M. Modifications to a commercially available linear mass spectrometer for mass-resolved microscopy with the pixel imaging mass spectrometry (PImMS) camera. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1649-1657. [PMID: 24975244 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Imaging mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique capable of accessing a large volume of spatially resolved, chemical data from two-dimensional samples. Probing the entire surface of a sample simultaneously requires a detector with high spatial and temporal resolutions, and the ability to observe events relating to different mass-to-charge ratios. METHODS A commercially available time-of-flight mass spectrometer, designed for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) analysis, was combined with the novel pixel imaging mass spectrometry (PImMS) camera in order to perform multi-mass, microscope-mode imaging experiments. A number of minor modifications were made to the spectrometer hardware and ion optics so that spatial imaging was achieved for a number of small molecules. RESULTS It was shown that a peak width of Δm50 % < 1 m/z unit across the range 200 ≤ m/z ≤ 800 can be obtained while also achieving an optimum spatial resolution of 25 µm. It was further shown that these data were obtained simultaneously for all analytes present without the need to scan the experimental parameters. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the capability of multi-mass, microscope-mode imaging to reduce the acquisition time of spatially distributed analytes such as multi-arrays or biological tissue sections. It also shows that such an instrument can be commissioned by effecting relatively minor modifications to a conventional commercial machine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Halford
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ellis SR, Soltwisch J, Heeren RMA. Time-resolved imaging of the MALDI linear-TOF ion cloud: direct visualization and exploitation of ion optical phenomena using a position- and time-sensitive detector. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:809-19. [PMID: 24658803 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the implementation of a position- and time-sensitive detection system (Timepix detector) to directly visualize the spatial distributions of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization ion cloud in a linear-time-of-flight (MALDI linear-ToF) as it is projected onto the detector surface. These time-resolved images allow direct visualization of m/z-dependent ion focusing effects that occur within the ion source of the instrument. The influence of key parameters, namely extraction voltage (E(V)), pulsed-ion extraction (PIE) delay, and even the matrix-dependent initial ion velocity was investigated and were found to alter the focusing properties of the ion-optical system. Under certain conditions where the spatial focal plane coincides with the detector plane, so-called x-y space focusing could be observed (i.e., the focusing of the ion cloud to a small, well-defined spot on the detector). Such conditions allow for the stigmatic ion imaging of intact proteins for the first time on a commercial linear ToF-MS system. In combination with the ion-optical magnification of the system (~100×), a spatial resolving power of 11–16 μm with a pixel size of 550 nm was recorded within a laser spot diameter of ~125 μm. This study demonstrates both the diagnostic and analytical advantages offered by the Timepix detector in ToF-MS.
Collapse
|
14
|
Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Lipidomics in situ: Insights into plant lipid metabolism from high resolution spatial maps of metabolites. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:32-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
15
|
Vallance C, Brouard M, Lauer A, Slater CS, Halford E, Winter B, King SJ, Lee JWL, Pooley DE, Sedgwick I, Turchetta R, Nomerotski A, John JJ, Hill L. Fast sensors for time-of-flight imaging applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:383-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53183j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Kiss A, Smith DF, Jungmann JH, Heeren RMA. Cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry microscope mode mass spectrometry imaging. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2745-2750. [PMID: 24214859 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microscope mode imaging for secondary ion mass spectrometry is a technique with the promise of simultaneous high spatial resolution and high-speed imaging of biomolecules from complex surfaces. Technological developments such as new position-sensitive detectors, in combination with polyatomic primary ion sources, are required to exploit the full potential of microscope mode mass spectrometry imaging, i.e. to efficiently push the limits of ultra-high spatial resolution, sample throughput and sensitivity. METHODS In this work, a C60 primary source was combined with a commercial mass microscope for microscope mode secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. The detector setup is a pixelated detector from the Medipix/Timepix family with high-voltage post-acceleration capabilities. The system's mass spectral and imaging performance is tested with various benchmark samples and thin tissue sections. RESULTS The high secondary ion yield (with respect to 'traditional' monatomic primary ion sources) of the C60 primary ion source and the increased sensitivity of the high voltage detector setup improve microscope mode secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. The analysis time and the signal-to-noise ratio are improved compared with other microscope mode imaging systems, all at high spatial resolution. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the unique capabilities of a C60 ion microscope with a Timepix detector for high spatial resolution microscope mode secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Kiss
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soltwisch J, Göritz G, Jungmann JH, Kiss A, Smith DF, Ellis SR, Heeren RMA. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging in microscope mode with infrared lasers: bypassing the diffraction limits. Anal Chem 2013; 86:321-5. [PMID: 24308447 DOI: 10.1021/ac403421v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This letter demonstrates the use of infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled with microscope mode mass spectrometry imaging. It is aimed to explore the use of intrinsic water in tissue as a matrix for imaging at spatial resolutions below the diffraction limit of the employed IR optics. Stigmatic ion optics with a magnification factor of ~70 were used to project the spatial distribution of produced ions onto a detector while separating ions with different mass-to-charge ratios using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A pixelated detector was used to simultaneously record arrival time and impact position. A previously described dried-droplet sample system of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 5 peptides covered by a copper grid for defined surface structure was used to benchmark the light- and ion-optical setup for spatial resolution and mass spectrometric performance. A spatial resolving power of 9.8 μm, well below the optical limit of diffraction (14 μm for the given setup), was established. After, frozen cryo-sections from a biological model system were measured by exploiting the endogenous water content as a matrix. Principal component analysis enabled a clear distinction between distinct tissue regions identified by both light microscopy and MS imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Soltwisch
- FOM Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li M, Yang L, Bai Y, Liu H. Analytical Methods in Lipidomics and Their Applications. Anal Chem 2013; 86:161-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry
of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Klepárník K, Foret F. Recent advances in the development of single cell analysis--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 800:12-21. [PMID: 24120162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of techniques for the analysis of the content of individual cells represents an important direction in modern bioanalytical chemistry. While the analysis of chromosomes, organelles, or location of selected proteins has been traditionally the domain of microscopic techniques, the advances in miniaturized analytical systems bring new possibilities for separations and detections of molecules inside the individual cells including smaller molecules such as hormones or metabolites. It should be stressed that the field of single cell analysis is very broad, covering advanced optical, electrochemical and mass spectrometry instrumentation, sensor technology and separation techniques. The number of papers published on single cell analysis has reached several hundred in recent years. Thus a complete literature coverage is beyond the limits of a journal article. The following text provides a critical overview of some of the latest developments with the main focus on mass spectrometry, microseparation methods, electrophoresis in capillaries and microfluidic devices and respective detection techniques for performing single cell analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klepárník
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ellis SR, Jungmann JH, Smith DF, Soltwisch J, Heeren RMA. Enhanced detection of high-mass proteins by using an active pixel detector. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11261-4. [PMID: 24039122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Flying high: Application of an active pixel detector with high charge sensitivity to a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer results in enhanced detection of high-mass proteins (such as Immunoglobulin G; IgG) using a conventional microchannel plate detection system. This technique thus provides a means to extend the mass range of such detectors as well as allowing direct visualization of mass-dependent ion-focusing phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Ellis
- Biomolecular Imaging Mass Spectrometry, FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ellis SR, Jungmann JH, Smith DF, Soltwisch J, Heeren RMA. Enhanced Detection of High-Mass Proteins by Using an Active Pixel Detector. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|