1
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Moxon S, Symington AR, Tse JS, Flitcroft JM, Skelton JM, Gillie LJ, Cooke DJ, Parker SC, Molinari M. Composition-dependent morphologies of CeO 2 nanoparticles in the presence of Co-adsorbed H 2O and CO 2: a density functional theory study. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11232-11249. [PMID: 38779821 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic activity is affected by surface morphology, and specific surfaces display greater activity than others. A key challenge is to define synthetic strategies to enhance the expression of more active surfaces and to maintain their stability during the lifespan of the catalyst. In this work, we outline an ab initio approach, based on density functional theory, to predict surface composition and particle morphology as a function of environmental conditions, and we apply this to CeO2 nanoparticles in the presence of co-adsorbed H2O and CO2 as an industrially relevant test case. We find that dissociative adsorption of both molecules is generally the most favourable, and that the presence of H2O can stabilise co-adsorbed CO2. We show that changes in adsorption strength with temperature and adsorbate partial pressure lead to significant changes in surface stability, and in particular that co-adsorption of H2O and CO2 stabilizes the {100} and {110} surfaces over the {111} surface. Based on the changes in surface free energy induced by the adsorbed species, we predict that cuboidal nanoparticles are favoured in the presence of co-adsorbed H2O and CO2, suggesting that cuboidal particles should experience a lower thermodynamic driving force to reconstruct and thus be more stable as catalysts for processes involving these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Moxon
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Adam R Symington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joshua S Tse
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Joseph M Flitcroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan M Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lisa J Gillie
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - David J Cooke
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Stephen C Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Marco Molinari
- Department of Physical and Life Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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2
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Rhimi B, Zhou M, Yan Z, Cai X, Jiang Z. Cu-Based Materials for Enhanced C 2+ Product Selectivity in Photo-/Electro-Catalytic CO 2 Reduction: Challenges and Prospects. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:64. [PMID: 38175306 PMCID: PMC10766933 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide conversion into valuable products using photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is an effective approach to mitigate global environmental issues and the energy shortages. Among the materials utilized for catalytic reduction of CO2, Cu-based materials are highly advantageous owing to their widespread availability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, Cu-based materials demonstrate interesting abilities in the adsorption and activation of carbon dioxide, allowing the formation of C2+ compounds through C-C coupling process. Herein, the basic principles of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (PCO2RR) and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) and the pathways for the generation C2+ products are introduced. This review categorizes Cu-based materials into different groups including Cu metal, Cu oxides, Cu alloys, and Cu SACs, Cu heterojunctions based on their catalytic applications. The relationship between the Cu surfaces and their efficiency in both PCO2RR and ECO2RR is emphasized. Through a review of recent studies on PCO2RR and ECO2RR using Cu-based catalysts, the focus is on understanding the underlying reasons for the enhanced selectivity toward C2+ products. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with Cu-based materials in the CO2 catalytic reduction applications are presented, along with research directions that can guide for the design of highly active and selective Cu-based materials for CO2 reduction processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baker Rhimi
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoxue Yan
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifeng Jiang
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Putanenko PK, Dorofeeva NV, Kharlamova TS, Grabchenko MV, Kulinich SA, Vodyankina OV. La 2O 3-CeO 2-Supported Bimetallic Cu-Ni DRM Catalysts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7701. [PMID: 38138843 PMCID: PMC10744919 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work is focused on nickel catalysts supported on La2O3-CeO2 binary oxides without and with the addition of Cu to the active component for the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The catalysts are characterized using XRD, XRF, TPD-CO2, TPR-H2, and low-temperature N2 adsorption-desorption methods. This work shows the effect of different La:Ce ratios (1:1 and 9:1) and the Cu addition on the structural, acid base, and catalytic properties of Ni-containing systems. The binary LaCeOx oxide at a ratio of La:Ce = 1:1 is characterized by the formation of a solid solution with a fluorite structure, which is preserved upon the introduction of mono- or bimetallic particles. At La:Ce = 9:1, La2O3 segregation from the solid solution structure is observed, and the La excess determines the nature of the precursor of the active component, i.e., lanthanum nickelate. The catalysts based on LaCeOx (1:1) are prone to carbonization during 6 h spent on-stream with the formation of carbon nanotubes. The Cu addition facilitates the reduction of the Cu-Ni catalyst carbonization and increases the number of structural defects in the carbon deposition products. The lanthanum-enriched LaCeOx (9:1) support prevents the accumulation of carbon deposition products on the surface of CuNi/La2O3-CeO2 9:1, providing high DRM activity and an H2/CO ratio of 0.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K. Putanenko
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (P.K.P.); (N.V.D.); (T.S.K.)
| | - Natalia V. Dorofeeva
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (P.K.P.); (N.V.D.); (T.S.K.)
| | - Tamara S. Kharlamova
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (P.K.P.); (N.V.D.); (T.S.K.)
| | - Maria V. Grabchenko
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (P.K.P.); (N.V.D.); (T.S.K.)
| | - Sergei A. Kulinich
- Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Olga V. Vodyankina
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (P.K.P.); (N.V.D.); (T.S.K.)
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4
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Xia Z, Yin Y, Li J, Xiao H. Single-atom catalysis enabled by high-energy metastable structures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2631-2639. [PMID: 36908952 PMCID: PMC9993862 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to limited degrees of freedom, the active sites of stable single-atom catalyst (SAC) often have one structure that is energetically much lower than other local-minimum structures. Thus, the SAC adopts one lowest-energy structure (LES) with an overwhelmingly larger proportion than any other high-energy metastable structure (HEMS), and the LES is commonly assumed to be solely responsible for the catalytic performance of an SAC. Herein, we demonstrate with SACs anchored on CeO2 that the HEMS of an SAC, even though its proportion remains several orders of magnitude lower than the LES throughout the catalytic reaction, can dictate catalysis with extraordinary activity arising from its unique coordination environment and oxidation state. Thus, we unravel the key role of HEMS-enabled catalysis in single-atom catalysis, which shakes the common assumption in the studies of SACs and urges new developments in both experiment and theory to identify and exploit catalysis via HEMSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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5
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Investigation of CO2 Splitting on Ceria-Based Redox Materials for Low-Temperature Solar Thermochemical Cycling with Oxygen Isotope Exchange Experiments. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface exchange and bulk transport of oxygen are highly relevant to ceria-based redox materials, which are envisaged for the solar thermochemical splitting of carbon dioxide in the future. Experimental investigations of oxygen isotope exchange on CeO2-δ, Ce0.9M3+0.1O1.95-δ (with M3+ = Y, Sm) and Ce0.9M4+0.1O2-δ (with M4+ = Zr) samples were carried out for the first time utilizing oxygen-isotope-enriched C18O2 gas atmospheres as the tracer source, followed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), at the temperature range 300 ≤ T ≤ 800 °C. The experimental K˜O and D˜O data reveal promising results in terms of CO2 splitting when trivalent (especially Sm)-doped ceria is employed. The reaction temperatures are lower than previously proposed/reported due to the weak temperature dependency of the parameters K˜O and D˜O. The majority of isotope exchange experiments show higher values of K˜O and D˜O for Sm-doped cerium dioxide in comparison to Y-doped and Zr-doped ceria, as well as nominally undoped ceria. The apparent activation energies for both K˜O and D˜O are lowest for Sm-doped ceria. Using Zr-doped cerium oxide exhibits various negative aspects. The Zr-doping of ceria enhances the reducibility, but the possible Zr-based surface alteration effects and dopant-induced migration barrier enhancement in Zr-doped ceria are detrimental to surface exchange and oxygen diffusion at lower temperatures of T ≤ 800 °C.
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6
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Influence of oxygen vacancies of CeO2 on reverse water gas shift reaction. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Razmgar K, Altarawneh M, Oluwoye I, Altarawneh N, Senanayake G. Thermodynamic stability of niobium-doped ceria surfaces. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Williams NJ, Seymour ID, Fraggedakis D, Skinner SJ. Electric Fields and Charge Separation for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7515-7521. [PMID: 36067488 PMCID: PMC9523703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Activation losses at solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes have been widely attributed to charge transfer at the electrode surface. The electrostatic nature of electrode-gas interactions allows us to study these phenomena by simulating an electric field across the electrode-gas interface, where we are able to describe the activation overpotential using density functional theory (DFT). The electrostatic responses to the electric field are used to approximate the behavior of an electrode under electrical bias and have found a correlation with experimental data for three different reduction reactions at mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) electrode surfaces (H2O and CO2 on CeO2; O2 on LaFeO3). In this work, we demonstrate the importance of decoupled ion-electron transfer and charged adsorbates on the performance of electrodes under nonequilibrium conditions. Finally, our findings on MIEC-gas interactions have potential implications in the fields of energy storage and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Williams
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ieuan D. Seymour
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Fraggedakis
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen J. Skinner
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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9
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A Review of CeO2 Supported Catalysts for CO2 Reduction to CO through the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction followed by well-established synthesis gas conversion technologies could be a practical technique to convert CO2 to valuable chemicals and fuels in industrial settings. For catalyst developers, prevention of side reactions like methanation, low-temperature activity, and selectivity enhancements for the RWGS reaction are crucial concerns. Cerium oxide (ceria, CeO2) has received considerable attention in recent years due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties. This study reviews the use of ceria-supported active metal catalysts in RWGS reaction along with discussing some basic and fundamental features of ceria. The RWGS reaction mechanism, reaction kinetics on supported catalysts, as well as the importance of oxygen vacancies are also explored. Besides, recent advances in CeO2 supported metal catalyst design strategies for increasing CO2 conversion activity and selectivity towards CO are systematically identified, summarized, and assessed to understand the impacts of physicochemical parameters on catalytic performance such as morphologies, nanosize effects, compositions, promotional abilities, metal-support interactions (MSI) and the role of selected synthesis procedures for forming distinct structural morphologies. This brief review may help with future RWGS catalyst design and optimization.
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10
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Zhu D, Liu H, Huang Y, Luo X, Mao Y, Liang Z. Study of Direct Synthesis of DMC from CO 2 and Methanol on CeO 2: Theoretical Calculation and Experiment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoyun Zhu
- Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage (iCCS), Research Center of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing CO2 Emissions, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R.China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage (iCCS), Research Center of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing CO2 Emissions, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R.China
| | - Yangqiang Huang
- Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage (iCCS), Research Center of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing CO2 Emissions, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R.China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage (iCCS), Research Center of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing CO2 Emissions, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R.China
| | - Yu Mao
- Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage (iCCS), Research Center of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing CO2 Emissions, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R.China
| | - Zhiwu Liang
- Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage (iCCS), Research Center of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Carbon Neutrality, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing CO2 Emissions, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R.China
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11
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Polychronopoulou K, AlKhoori S, AlBedwawi S, Alareeqi S, Hussien AGS, Vasiliades MA, Efstathiou AM, Petallidou KC, Singh N, Anjum DH, Vega LF, Baker MA. Decoupling the Chemical and Mechanical Strain Effect on Steering the CO 2 Activation over CeO 2-Based Oxides: An Experimental and DFT Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33094-33119. [PMID: 35820019 PMCID: PMC9335529 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Doped ceria-based metal oxides are widely used as supports and stand-alone catalysts in reactions where CO2 is involved. Thus, it is important to understand how to tailor their CO2 adsorption behavior. In this work, steering the CO2 activation behavior of Ce-La-Cu-O ternary oxide surfaces through the combined effect of chemical and mechanical strain was thoroughly examined using both experimental and ab initio modeling approaches. Doping with aliovalent metal cations (La3+ or La3+/Cu2+) and post-synthetic ball milling were considered as the origin of the chemical and mechanical strain of CeO2, respectively. Experimentally, microwave-assisted reflux-prepared Ce-La-Cu-O ternary oxides were imposed into mechanical forces to tune the structure, redox ability, defects, and CO2 surface adsorption properties; the latter were used as key descriptors. The purpose was to decouple the combined effect of the chemical strain (εC) and mechanical strain (εM) on the modification of the Ce-La-Cu-O surface reactivity toward CO2 activation. During the ab initio calculations, the stability (energy of formation, EOvf) of different configurations of oxygen vacant sites (Ov) was assessed under biaxial tensile strain (ε > 0) and compressive strain (ε < 0), whereas the CO2-philicity of the surface was assessed at different levels of the imposed mechanical strain. The EOvf values were found to decrease with increasing tensile strain. The Ce-La-Cu-O(111) surface exhibited the lowest EOvf values for the single subsurface sites, implying that Ov may occur spontaneously upon Cu addition. The mobility of the surface and bulk oxygen anions in the lattice contributing to the Ov population was measured using 16O/18O transient isothermal isotopic exchange experiments; the maximum in the dynamic rate of 16O18O formation, Rmax(16O18O), was 13.1 and 8.5 μmol g-1 s-1 for pristine (chemically strained) and dry ball-milled (chemically and mechanically strained) oxides, respectively. The CO2 activation pathway (redox vs associative) was experimentally probed using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that the mechanical strain increased up to 6 times the CO2 adsorption sites, though reducing their thermal stability. This result supports the mechanical actuation of the "carbonate"-bound species; the latter was in agreement with the density functional theory (DFT)-calculated C-O bond lengths and O-C-O angles. Ab initio studies shed light on the CO2 adsorption energy (Eads), suggesting a covalent bonding which is enhanced in the presence of doping and under tensile strain. Bader charge analysis probed the adsorbate/surface charge distribution and illustrated that CO2 interacts with the dual sites (acidic and basic ones) on the surface, leading to the formation of bidentate carbonate species. Density of states (DOS) studies revealed a significant Eg drop in the presence of double Ov and compressive strain, a finding with design implications in covalent type of interactions. To bridge this study with industrially important catalytic applications, Ni-supported catalysts were prepared using pristine and ball-milled oxides and evaluated for the dry reforming of methane reaction. Ball milling was found to induce modification of the metal-support interface and Ni catalyst reducibility, thus leading to an increase in the CH4 and CO2 conversions. This study opens new possibilities to manipulate the CO2 activation for a portfolio of heterogeneous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara AlKhoori
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shaima AlBedwawi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Seba Alareeqi
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Research and Innovation Center on CO2
and Hydrogen (RICH Center), Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu
Dhabi 127788, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Aseel G. S. Hussien
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michalis A. Vasiliades
- Department
of Chemistry, Heterogeneous Catalysis Laboratory, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, University Campus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos M. Efstathiou
- Department
of Chemistry, Heterogeneous Catalysis Laboratory, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, University Campus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Klito C. Petallidou
- Department
of Chemistry, Heterogeneous Catalysis Laboratory, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, University Campus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lourdes F. Vega
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations (CeCaS Center), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Research and Innovation Center on CO2
and Hydrogen (RICH Center), Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu
Dhabi 127788, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Mark A. Baker
- The
Surface
Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 4DL, U.K.
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12
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Wang ZY, He ZH, Li LY, Yang SY, He MX, Sun YC, Wang K, Chen JG, Liu ZT. Research progress of CO 2 oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene over Cr-free metal catalysts. RARE METALS 2022; 41:2129-2152. [PMID: 35291268 PMCID: PMC8913863 DOI: 10.1007/s12598-021-01959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CO2-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CO2-ODHP) is an attractive strategy to offset the demand gap of propylene due to its potentiality of reducing CO2 emissions, especially under the demands of peaking CO2 emissions and carbon neutrality. The introduction of CO2 as a soft oxidant into the reaction not only averts the over-oxidation of products, but also maintains the high oxidation state of the redox-active sites. Furthermore, the presence of CO2 increases the conversion of propane by coupling the dehydrogenation of propane (DHP) with the reverse water gas reaction (RWGS) and inhibits the coking formation to prolong the lifetime of catalysts via the reverse Boudouard reaction. An effective catalyst should selectively activate the C-H bond but suppress the C-C cleavage. However, to prepare such a catalyst remains challenging. Chromium-based catalysts are always applied in industrial application of DHP; however, their toxic properties are harmful to the environment. In this aspect, exploring environment-friendly and sustainable catalytic systems with Cr-free is an important issue. In this review, we outline the development of the CO2-ODHP especially in the last ten years, including the structural information, catalytic performances, and mechanisms of chromium-free metal-based catalyst systems, and the role of CO2 in the reaction. We also present perspectives for future progress in the CO2-ODHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Zhen-Hong He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Long-Yao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Shao-Yan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Meng-Xin He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Yong-Chang Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Kuan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021 China
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Zhao-Tie Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
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13
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State-of-art modifications of heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 methanation - active sites, surface basicity and oxygen defects. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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In Situ NAP-XPS Study of CO2 and H2O Adsorption on cerium oxide thin films. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Cao X, Zhang C, Dong F, Sun X. Mechanistic insight into the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with propene on the Ce 0.875Zr 0.125O 2 (110) surface. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00381c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The important adsorbed species and reaction pathways of C3H6 selective catalytic reduction of NO on the Ce0.875Zr0.125O2 (110) surface were investigated, including NO oxidation reaction, C3H6 oxidation reaction, and the SCR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Cao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, P.R. China
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, P.R. China
| | - Fengshuo Dong
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, P.R. China
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16
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Etim UJ, Zhang C, Zhong Z. Impacts of the Catalyst Structures on CO 2 Activation on Catalyst Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3265. [PMID: 34947613 PMCID: PMC8707475 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing CO2 as a sustainable carbon source to form valuable products requires activating it by active sites on catalyst surfaces. These active sites are usually in or below the nanometer scale. Some metals and metal oxides can catalyze the CO2 transformation reactions. On metal oxide-based catalysts, CO2 transformations are promoted significantly in the presence of surface oxygen vacancies or surface defect sites. Electrons transferable to the neutral CO2 molecule can be enriched on oxygen vacancies, which can also act as CO2 adsorption sites. CO2 activation is also possible without necessarily transferring electrons by tailoring catalytic sites that promote interactions at an appropriate energy level alignment of the catalyst and CO2 molecule. This review discusses CO2 activation on various catalysts, particularly the impacts of various structural factors, such as oxygen vacancies, on CO2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubong J. Etim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China; (U.J.E.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China; (U.J.E.); (C.Z.)
- Wolfson Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China; (U.J.E.); (C.Z.)
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17
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Nasluzov VA, Ivanova-Shor EA, Shor AM, Laletina SS, Neyman KM. Adsorption and Oxidation of CO on Ceria Nanoparticles Exposing Single-Atom Pd and Ag: A DFT Modelling. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6888. [PMID: 34832290 PMCID: PMC8618484 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various COx species formed upon the adsorption and oxidation of CO on palladium and silver single atoms supported on a model ceria nanoparticle (NP) have been studied using density functional calculations. For both metals M, the ceria-supported MCOx moieties are found to be stabilised in the order MCO < MCO2 < MCO3, similar to the trend for COx species adsorbed on M-free ceria NP. Nevertheless, the characteristics of the palladium and silver intermediates are different. Very weak CO adsorption and the small exothermicity of the CO to CO2 transformation are found for O4Pd site of the Pd/Ce21O42 model featuring a square-planar coordination of the Pd2+ cation. The removal of one O atom and formation of the O3Pd site resulted in a notable strengthening of CO adsorption and increased the exothermicity of the CO to CO2 reaction. For the analogous ceria models with atomic Ag instead of atomic Pd, these two energies became twice as small in magnitude and basically independent of the presence of an O vacancy near the Ag atom. CO2-species are strongly bound in palladium carboxylate complexes, whereas the CO2 molecule easily desorbs from oxide-supported AgCO2 moieties. Opposite to metal-free ceria particle, the formation of neither PdCO3 nor AgCO3 carbonate intermediates before CO2 desorption is predicted. Overall, CO oxidation is concluded to be more favourable at Ag centres atomically dispersed on ceria nanostructures than at the corresponding Pd centres. Calculated vibrational fingerprints of surface COx moieties allow us to distinguish between CO adsorption on bare ceria NP (blue frequency shifts) and ceria-supported metal atoms (red frequency shifts). However, discrimination between the CO2 and CO32- species anchored to M-containing and bare ceria particles based solely on vibrational spectroscopy seems problematic. This computational modelling study provides guidance for the knowledge-driven design of more efficient ceria-based single-atom catalysts for the environmentally important CO oxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Nasluzov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.N.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Elena A. Ivanova-Shor
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.N.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Aleksey M. Shor
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.N.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Svetlana S. Laletina
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (V.A.N.); (A.M.S.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Konstantin M. Neyman
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Miran HA, Jaf ZN, Altarawneh M, Jiang ZT. An Insight into Geometries and Catalytic Applications of CeO 2 from a DFT Outlook. Molecules 2021; 26:6485. [PMID: 34770889 PMCID: PMC8588098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare earth metal oxides (REMOs) have gained considerable attention in recent years owing to their distinctive properties and potential applications in electronic devices and catalysts. Particularly, cerium dioxide (CeO2), also known as ceria, has emerged as an interesting material in a wide variety of industrial, technological, and medical applications. Ceria can be synthesized with various morphologies, including rods, cubes, wires, tubes, and spheres. This comprehensive review offers valuable perceptions into the crystal structure, fundamental properties, and reaction mechanisms that govern the well-established surface-assisted reactions over ceria. The activity, selectivity, and stability of ceria, either as a stand-alone catalyst or as supports for other metals, are frequently ascribed to its strong interactions with the adsorbates and its facile redox cycle. Doping of ceria with transition metals is a common strategy to modify the characteristics and to fine-tune its reactive properties. DFT-derived chemical mechanisms are surveyed and presented in light of pertinent experimental findings. Finally, the effect of surface termination on catalysis by ceria is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A. Miran
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq;
| | - Zainab N. Jaf
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq;
| | - Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- Surface Analysis and Materials Engineering Research Group, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
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19
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Polychronopoulou K, AlKhoori AA, Efstathiou AM, Jaoude MA, Damaskinos CM, Baker MA, Almutawa A, Anjum DH, Vasiliades MA, Belabbes A, Vega LF, Zedan AF, Hinder SJ. Design Aspects of Doped CeO 2 for Low-Temperature Catalytic CO Oxidation: Transient Kinetics and DFT Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22391-22415. [PMID: 33834768 PMCID: PMC8153538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CO elimination through oxidation over highly active and cost-effective catalysts is a way forward for many processes of industrial and environmental importance. In this study, doped CeO2 with transition metals (TM = Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zr, and Zn) at a level of 20 at. % was tested for CO oxidation. The oxides were prepared using microwave-assisted sol-gel synthesis to improve catalyst's performance for the reaction of interest. The effect of heteroatoms on the physicochemical properties (structure, morphology, porosity, and reducibility) of the binary oxides M-Ce-O was meticulously investigated and correlated to their CO oxidation activity. It was found that the catalytic activity (per gram basis or TOF, s-1) follows the order Cu-Ce-O > Ce-Co-O > Ni-Ce-O > Mn-Ce-O > Fe-Ce-O > Ce-Zn-O > CeO2. Participation of mobile lattice oxygen species in the CO/O2 reaction does occur, the extent of which is heteroatom-dependent. For that, state-of-the-art transient isotopic 18O-labeled experiments involving 16O/18O exchange followed by step-gas CO/Ar or CO/O2/Ar switches were used to quantify the contribution of lattice oxygen to the reaction. SSITKA-DRIFTS studies probed the formation of carbonates while validating the Mars-van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism. Scanning transmission electron microscopy-high-angle annular dark field imaging coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy proved that the elemental composition of dopants in the individual nanoparticle of ceria is less than their composition at a larger scale, allowing the assessment of the doping efficacy. Despite the similar structural features of the catalysts, a clear difference in the Olattice mobility was also found as well as its participation (as expressed with the α descriptor) in the reaction, following the order αCu > αCo> αMn > αZn. Kinetic studies showed that it is rather the pre-exponential (entropic) factor and not the lowering of activation energy that justifies the order of activity of the solids. DFT calculations showed that the adsorption of CO on the Cu-doped CeO2 surface is more favorable (-16.63 eV), followed by Co, Mn, Zn (-14.46, -4.90, and -4.24 eV, respectively), and pure CeO2 (-0.63 eV). Also, copper compensates almost three times more charge (0.37e-) compared to Co and Mn, ca. 0.13e- and 0.10e-, respectively, corroborating for its tendency to be reduced. Surface analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), apart from the oxidation state of the elements, revealed a heteroatom-ceria surface interaction (Oa species) of different extents and of different populations of Oa species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Ayesha A. AlKhoori
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Angelos M. Efstathiou
- Department
of Chemistry, Heterogeneous Catalysis Lab, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, University Campus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maguy Abi Jaoude
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, Main
Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - C. M. Damaskinos
- Department
of Chemistry, Heterogeneous Catalysis Lab, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, University Campus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mark A. Baker
- The
Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 4DL, U.K.
| | - Alia Almutawa
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Dalaver H. Anjum
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Department
of Physics, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, Main
Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Michalis A. Vasiliades
- Department
of Chemistry, Heterogeneous Catalysis Lab, University of Cyprus, 1 University Avenue, University Campus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Abderrezak Belabbes
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Lourdes F. Vega
- Center
for Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Main Campus, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Research
and Innovation Center on CO2 and H2 (RICH),
and Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa
University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Abdallah Fathy Zedan
- National
Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo
University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Steven J. Hinder
- The
Surface Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 4DL, U.K.
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20
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Rocha LCS, Rocha MS, Rotella Junior P, Aquila G, Peruchi RS, Janda K, Azevêdo RO. Robust Multi-Objective Optimization for Response Surface Models Applied to Direct Low-Value Natural Gas Conversion Processes. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23020248. [PMID: 33670017 PMCID: PMC7926716 DOI: 10.3390/e23020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The high proportion of CO2/CH4 in low aggregated value natural gas compositions can be used strategically and intelligently to produce more hydrocarbons through oxidative methane coupling (OCM). The main goal of this study was to optimize direct low-value natural gas conversion via CO2-OCM on metal oxide catalysts using robust multi-objective optimization based on an entropic measure to choose the most preferred Pareto optimal point as the problem's final solution. The responses of CH4 conversion, C2 selectivity, and C2 yield are modeled using the response surface methodology. In this methodology, decision variables, e.g., the CO2/CH4 ratio, reactor temperature, wt.% CaO and wt.% MnO in ceria catalyst, are all employed. The Pareto optimal solution was obtained via the following combination of process parameters: CO2/CH4 ratio = 2.50, reactor temperature = 1179.5 K, wt.% CaO in ceria catalyst = 17.2%, wt.% MnO in ceria catalyst = 6.0%. By using the optimal weighting strategy w1 = 0.2602, w2 = 0.3203, w3 = 0.4295, the simultaneous optimal values for the objective functions were: CH4 conversion = 8.806%, C2 selectivity = 51.468%, C2 yield = 3.275%. Finally, an entropic measure used as a decision-making criterion was found to be useful in mapping the regions of minimal variation among the Pareto optimal responses and the results obtained, and this demonstrates that the optimization weights exert influence on the forecast variation of the obtained response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Célio S. Rocha
- Department of Management, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology—North of Minas Gerais, Almenara 39900-000, Brazil;
| | - Mariana S. Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24241-000, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Rotella Junior
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (R.S.P.); (R.O.A.)
- Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Prague University of Economics and Business, 13067 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Giancarlo Aquila
- Institute of Production and Management Engineering, Federal University of Itajuba, Itajuba 37500-903, Brazil;
| | - Rogério S. Peruchi
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (R.S.P.); (R.O.A.)
| | - Karel Janda
- Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Prague University of Economics and Business, 13067 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Rômulo O. Azevêdo
- Department of Production Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (R.S.P.); (R.O.A.)
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21
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Jiang X, Sharma L, Fung V, Park SJ, Jones CW, Sumpter BG, Baltrusaitis J, Wu Z. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene with Soft Oxidants via Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Lohit Sharma
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Victor Fung
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sang Jae Park
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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22
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Shi N, Xie Y, Yang Y, Huan D, Pan Y, Peng R, Xia C, Chen C, Zhan Z, Lu Y. Infiltrated Ni 0.08Co 0.02CeO 2-x@Ni 0.8Co 0.2 Catalysts for a Finger-Like Anode in Direct Methane-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4943-4954. [PMID: 33492121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct utilization of methane in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is greatly impeded by the grievous carbon deposition and the much depressed catalytic activity. In this work, a promising anode, taking finger-like porous YSZ as the anode substrate and impregnated Ni0.08Co0.02Ce0.9O2-δ@Ni0.8Co0.2O as the novel catalyst, is fabricated via the phase conversion-combined tape-casting technique. This anode shows commendable mechanical strength and excellent catalytic activity and stability toward the methane conversion reactions, which is attributed to the exsolved alloy nanoparticles and the active oxygen species on the reduced Ni0.08Co0.02Ce0.9O2-δ catalyst as well as the facilitated methane transport rooting in the special open-pore microstructure of the anode substrate. Strikingly, this button cell delivers an excellent peak power density of 730 mW cm-2 at 800 °C in 97% CH4/3% H2O fuel, only 9% lower than that in 97% H2/3% H2O. Our work shed new light on the SOFC anode developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Daoming Huan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ranran Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Changrong Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chusheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongliang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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23
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Activating the FeS (001) Surface for CO2 Adsorption and Reduction through the Formation of Sulfur Vacancies: A DFT-D3 Study. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a promising material for heterogeneous catalytic applications, layered iron (II) monosulfide (FeS) contains active edges and an inert basal (001) plane. Activating the basal (001) plane could improve the catalytic performance of the FeS material towards CO2 activation and reduction reactions. Herein, we report dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3) calculations of the adsorption of CO2 and the elementary steps involved in its reduction through the reverse water-gas shift reaction on a defective FeS (001) surface containing sulfur vacancies. The exposed Fe sites resulting from the creation of sulfur vacancies are shown to act as highly active sites for CO2 activation and reduction. Based on the calculated adsorption energies, we show that the CO2 molecules will outcompete H2O and H2 molecules for the exposed active Fe sites if all three molecules are present on or near the surface. The CO2 molecule is found to weakly physisorb (−0.20 eV) compared to the sulfur-deficient (001) surface where it adsorbs much strongly, releasing adsorption energy of −1.78 and −1.83 eV at the defective FeS (001) surface containing a single and double sulfur vacancy, respectively. The CO2 molecule gained significant charge from the interacting surface Fe ions at the defective surface upon adsorption, which resulted in activation of the C–O bonds confirmed via vibrational frequency analyses. The reaction and activation energy barriers of the elementary steps involved in the CO2 hydrogenation reactions to form CO and H2O species are also unraveled.
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24
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CO2 and H2O Coadsorption and Reaction on the Low-Index Surfaces of Tantalum Nitride: A First-Principles DFT-D3 Investigation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive mechanistic insight into the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 by H2O is indispensable for the development of highly efficient and robust photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis. This work presents first-principles mechanistic insights into the adsorption and activation of CO2 in the absence and presence of H2O on the (001), (010), and (110) surfaces of tantalum nitride (Ta3N5), a photocatalysts of significant technological interest. The stability of the different Ta3N surfaces is shown to dictate the strength of adsorption and the extent of activation of CO2 and H2O species, which bind strongest to the least stable Ta3N5(001) surface and weakest to the most stable Ta3N5(110) surface. The adsorption of the CO2 on the Ta3N5(001), (010), and (110) surfaces is demonstrated to be characterized by charge transfer from surface species to the CO2 molecule, resulting in its activation (i.e., forming negatively charged bent CO2−δ species, with elongated C–O bonds confirmed via vibrational frequency analyses). Compared to direct CO2 dissociation, H2O dissociates spontaneously on the Ta3N5 surfaces, providing the necessary hydrogen source for CO2 reduction reactions. The coadsorption reactions of CO2 and H2O are demonstrated to exhibit the strongest attractive interactions on the (010) surface, giving rise to proton transfer to the CO2 molecule, which causes its spontaneous dissociation to form CO and 2OH− species. These results demonstrate that Ta3N5, a narrow bandgap photocatalyst able to absorb visible light, can efficiently activate the CO2 molecule and photocatalytically reduce it with water to produce value-added fuels.
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25
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Kaur G, Kulkarni AP, Fini D, Giddey S, Seeber A. High-performance composite cathode for electrolysis of CO2 in tubular solid oxide electrolysis cells: A pathway for efficient CO2 utilization. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Jiang F, Wang S, Liu B, Liu J, Wang L, Xiao Y, Xu Y, Liu X. Insights into the Influence of CeO2 Crystal Facet on CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Pd/CeO2 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuebing Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaohao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Hauser D, Nenning A, Opitz AK, Klötzer B, Penner S. Spectro-electrochemical setup for in situ and operando mechanistic studies on metal oxide electrode surfaces. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:084104. [PMID: 32872960 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work shows a combined setup of Diffuse Reflectance FT-IR Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and electrochemical characterization by AC and DC methods for in situ and operando investigations of surface species during CO2 electrolysis on metal oxide electrodes and their correlation with electrochemical activity. A high-temperature reaction chamber enables conducting DRIFTS and electrochemical experiments simultaneously at temperatures up to 1000 °C in both reductive and oxidative reaction atmospheres and under anodic and cathodic polarization conditions. A dedicated gas- and electrical feedthrough solution is presented, which is the key element required for recording electrochemical AC and DC characteristics using an electrochemical cell, which is simultaneously studied by DRIFTS experiments under realistic operation conditions. Selected results, obtained on a gadolinium doped ceria model solid oxide electrolysis cell upon different polarization states, demonstrate the basic functionality and capabilities of the setup and show how the simultaneous DRIFT-spectroscopic and electrochemical investigation of the surface and bulk chemistry on electrode materials leads to increased insight in the population of potential intermediates during CO2 electrolysis. With infrared spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy as common and complementary spectroscopic methods in material science, the setup is considered to exhibit a huge potential in a wide field of fundamental and applied mechanistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hauser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Nenning
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K Opitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Penner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Hu Z, Wang S, Zhang X, Fan G, Lv Y, Zheng X, Yang L, Li F. Simultaneous Enhancements of Ultraviolet-Shielding Properties and Thermal Stability/Photostability of Poly(vinyl chloride) via Incorporation of Defect-Rich CeO 2 Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guoli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yingdi Lv
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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29
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Zhou CY, Wang D, Gong XQ. A DFT+U revisit of reconstructed CeO 2(100) surfaces: structures, thermostabilities and reactivities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19987-19994. [PMID: 31478041 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerium dioxide (CeO2) shows wide catalytic applications by virtue of its excellent oxygen storage capacity. The CeO2(100) surface has aroused particular interest because of its intrinsic polarity; however, it suffers from structural reconstruction, which consequently hinders experimental and theoretical studies. In this work, we performed density functional theory calculations with on-site Coulomb interaction correction to investigate and further correlate the geometric and catalytic properties of reconstructed CeO2(100) surfaces. By introducing CeO2 units on a previous O-terminal model, the surface exposed CeO4 pyramids with gradual increase in coverage and eventually transformed into a Ce-terminal structure. The corresponding thermostabilities were evaluated by calculating the surface energy and oxygen vacancy formation energy. We also showed that the CO oxidation on the reconstructed CeO2(100) surfaces favored the Mars-van-Krevelen mechanism. The most stable CeO4-terminal type of reconstruction, covered with a half overlayer of CeO4 pyramids on the surface, was capable of directly producing CO2 without forming bent CO2 intermediates and carbonate byproducts. Moreover, coordinatively unsaturated Ce ions at the pyramid apex provided extra accommodation to the reacting CO, thus lowering the reaction barrier of the key CO coupling step relative to that of the O-terminal surface. We finally generalized a unified picture of the dynamic changes in the thermostability and catalytic activity along with the structural reconstruction of the CeO2(100) surface. The CeO4-terminal type of reconstruction was theoretically predicted to be highly efficient for catalyzing CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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30
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31
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Xu H, Luo X, Wang J, Su Y, Zhao X, Li Y. Spherical Sandwich Au@Pd@UIO-67/Pt@UIO- n ( n = 66, 67, 69) Core-Shell Catalysts: Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Effectively Regulating the Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20291-20297. [PMID: 31070880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, spherical sandwich Au@Pd@UIO-67/Pt@UIO- n ( n = 66, 67, 69) core-shell catalysts were assembled. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were used as the core for the epitaxial growth of Pd shells, and Au@Pd core-shell NPs were successfully encapsulated in the center of monodispersed Au@Pd@UIO-67 nanospheres. Pt NPs were fully fixed onto the nanosphere surfaces to obtain Au@Pd@UIO-67/Pt composites; further coating with UIO- n led to Au@Pd@UIO-67/Pt@UIO- n, in which Pt NPs are sandwiched between the Au@Pd@UIO-67 core and the UIO- n shell. The Au@Pd core-shell NPs efficiently controlled the morphology and structure of UIO-67 and enhanced the CO selectivity of the catalyst. Pt NPs increased the CO2 conversion, and the UIO- n component effectively regulated the reverse water-gas shift reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Re-search Center , East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xikuo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Re-search Center , East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Re-search Center , East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yuqun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Re-search Center , East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Re-search Center , East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yansong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Engineering R&D Lab, Chemical Engineering Re-search Center , East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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32
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Gomez E, Xie Z, Chen JG. The effects of bimetallic interactions for CO
2
‐assisted oxidative dehydrogenation and dry reforming of propane. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York New York
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Chemistry Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia University New York New York
- Chemistry Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York
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33
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Dong H, Zhang L, Li L, Deng W, Hu C, Zhao ZJ, Gong J. Abundant Ce 3+ Ions in Au-CeO x Nanosheets to Enhance CO 2 Electroreduction Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900289. [PMID: 30938486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The electroreduction of CO2 to CO provides a potential way to solve the environmental problems caused by excess fossil fuel utilization. Loading transition metals on metal oxides is an efficient strategy for CO2 electroreduction as well as for reducing metal usage. However, it needs a great potential to overcome the energy barrier to increase CO selectivity. This paper describes how 8.7 wt% gold nanoparticles (NPs) loaded on CeOx nanosheets (NSs) with high Ce3+ concentration effectively decrease the overpotential for CO2 electroreduction. The 3.6 nm gold NPs on CeOx NSs containing 47.3% Ce3+ achieve CO faradaic efficiency of 90.1% at -0.5 V in 0.1 m KHCO3 solution. Furthermore, the CO2 electroreduction activity shows a strong relationship with the fractions of Ce3+ on Au-CeOx NSs, which has never been reported. In situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy shows that Au-CeOx NSs with high Ce3+ concentration promote CO2 activation and *COOH formation. Theoretical calculations also indicate that the improved performance is attributed to the enhanced *COOH formation on Au-CeOx NSs with high Ce3+ fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wanyu Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Congling Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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34
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Boaro M, Colussi S, Trovarelli A. Ceria-Based Materials in Hydrogenation and Reforming Reactions for CO 2 Valorization. Front Chem 2019; 7:28. [PMID: 30838198 PMCID: PMC6382745 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing greenhouse emissions is of vital importance to tackle the climate changes and to decrease the carbon footprint of modern societies. Today there are several technologies that can be applied for this goal and especially there is a growing interest in all the processes dedicated to manage CO2 emissions. CO2 can be captured, stored or reused as carbon source to produce chemicals and fuels through catalytic technologies. This study reviews the use of ceria based catalysts in some important CO2 valorization processes such as the methanation reaction and methane dry-reforming. We analyzed the state of the art with the aim of highlighting the distinctive role of ceria in these reactions. The presence of cerium based oxides generally allows to obtain a strong metal-support interaction with beneficial effects on the dispersion of active metal phases, on the selectivity and durability of the catalysts. Moreover, it introduces different functionalities such as redox and acid-base centers offering versatility of approaches in designing and engineering more powerful formulations for the catalytic valorization of CO2 to fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boaro
- Dipartimento Politecnico, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
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35
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Ju TJ, Wang CH, Lin SD. Insights into the CO2 deoxygenation to CO over oxygen vacancies of CeO2. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00111e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The reversibly regenerated oxygen vacancies of CeO2 can catalyze CO2 deoxygenation and the reaction is initially surface reaction limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tz-Jie Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Shawn D. Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
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36
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Marques Mota F, Kim DH. From CO2methanation to ambitious long-chain hydrocarbons: alternative fuels paving the path to sustainability. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:205-259. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00527c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive insight into the thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical reduction of CO2to methane and long-chain hydrocarbons as alternative fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Marques Mota
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
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37
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Zeng L, Cheng Z, Fan JA, Fan LS, Gong J. Metal oxide redox chemistry for chemical looping processes. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Chen J, Iyemperumal SK, Fenton T, Carl A, Grimm R, Li G, Deskins NA. Synergy between Defects, Photoexcited Electrons, and Supported Single Atom Catalysts for CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Satish Kumar Iyemperumal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Thomas Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Alexander Carl
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Ronald Grimm
- Department of Chemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Gonghu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - N. Aaron Deskins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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39
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Li Z, Sibudjing K. Facile Synthesis of Multi-Ni-Core@Ni Phyllosilicate@CeO2
Shell Hollow Spheres with High Oxygen Vacancy Concentration for Dry Reforming of CH4. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Kawi Sibudjing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; 4 Engineering drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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40
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Zhao L, Wu Y, Han J, Lu Q, Yang Y, Zhang L. Mechanism of Mercury Adsorption and Oxidation by Oxygen over the CeO₂ (111) Surface: A DFT Study. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040485. [PMID: 29570658 PMCID: PMC5951331 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CeO2 is a promising catalytic oxidation material for flue gas mercury removal. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and periodic slab models are employed to investigate mercury adsorption and oxidation by oxygen over the CeO2 (111) surface. DFT calculations indicate that Hg0 is physically adsorbed on the CeO2 (111) surface and the Hg atom interacts strongly with the surface Ce atom according to the partial density of states (PDOS) analysis, whereas, HgO is adsorbed on the CeO2 (111) surface in a chemisorption manner, with its adsorption energy in the range of 69.9–198.37 kJ/mol. Depending on the adsorption methods of Hg0 and HgO, three reaction pathways (pathways I, II, and III) of Hg0 oxidation by oxygen are proposed. Pathway I is the most likely oxidation route on the CeO2 (111) surface due to it having the lowest energy barrier of 20.7 kJ/mol. The formation of the HgO molecule is the rate-determining step, which is also the only energy barrier of the entire process. Compared with energy barriers of Hg0 oxidation on the other catalytic materials, CeO2 is more efficient at mercury removal in flue gas owing to its low energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yangwen Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jian Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6177-2030
| | - Yongping Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (L.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Laibao Zhang
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA;
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41
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Tian D, Li K, Wei Y, Zhu X, Zeng C, Cheng X, Zheng Y, Wang H. DFT insights into oxygen vacancy formation and CH4 activation over CeO2 surfaces modified by transition metals (Fe, Co and Ni). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11912-11929. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni) modification (adsorption, insertion and substitution) of CeO2 surfaces on oxygen vacancy formation and CH4 activation are studied on the basis of first principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering
| | - Kongzhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering
| | - Yonggang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering
| | - Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
- Institute of Physical and Engineering Science
| | - Xianming Cheng
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
| | - Yane Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
- Kunming 650093
- China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering
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42
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Yang CT, Wood BC, Bhethanabotla VR, Joseph B. Electron injection study of photoexcitation effects on supported subnanometer Pt clusters for CO2 photoreduction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15926-15938. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Upon the injection of electrons, supported Pt clusters stabilize the adsorption of bent-form CO2 species and facilitate the formation of CO2− anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ta Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
| | - Brandon C. Wood
- Materials Science Division
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| | | | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
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43
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Cao Y, Yu M, Qi S, Wang T, Huang S, Ren Z, Yan S, Hu S, Xu M. CO 2 adsorption on anatase TiO 2(101) surfaces: a combination of UHV-FTIRS and first-principles studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31267-31273. [PMID: 29148556 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CO2 adsorption and dynamic behaviors on single crystal anatase TiO2(101) surfaces were investigated by UHV-FTIRS and first-principles calculations. The IRRAS results at 90 K show that the ν3(OCO) asymmetric stretching vibration of adsorbed CO2 exhibits band splitting at rather low CO2 coverage in p-polarized IR spectra for the IR beam incident along the [101[combining macron]] direction. Co-adsorbed CO can prevent such band splitting. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations revealed that the adsorbed CO2 at finite temperature does not keep a stationary adsorption state but keeps a certain swing motion: one end of the linear CO2 molecule binds to surface Ti5c sites and the other end swings within the (010) plane with a tilted angle distribution ranging from 10° to 60° relative to the [101[combining macron]] direction. By suggesting a statistical model, we confirmed that it is the swing motion that results in the band splitting phenomenon of CO2 vibration in IR spectra. The co-adsorbed CO decreases the swing angle distribution ranging from 10° to 45° through the intermolecular interaction between CO and CO2, leading to the disappearance of CO2 band splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Cao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China.
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44
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Kattel S, Liu P, Chen JG. Tuning Selectivity of CO2 Hydrogenation Reactions at the Metal/Oxide Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kattel
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Yang C, Bebensee F, Chen J, Yu X, Nefedov A, Wöll C. Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on CeO2
(110): An XPS and NEXAFS Study. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1874-1880. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Yang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Fabian Bebensee
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianshan Road 64 621900 Mianyang China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Alexei Nefedov
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Zhao Z, Uddi M, Tsvetkov N, Yildiz B, Ghoniem AF. Enhanced intermediate-temperature CO2splitting using nonstoichiometric ceria and ceria–zirconia. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25774-25785. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04789d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Combined experimental and modeling study of CO2splitting on CeO2and Ce0.5Zr0.5O2reveals the critical role of CO32−adsorbate for the splitting chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Mruthunjaya Uddi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | - Nikolai Tsvetkov
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering
- and Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering
- and Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Ahmed F. Ghoniem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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Wang Y, Wöll C. IR spectroscopic investigations of chemical and photochemical reactions on metal oxides: bridging the materials gap. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1875-1932. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00914j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight recent progress (2008–2016) in infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) studies on oxide powders achieved by using different types of metal oxide single crystals as reference systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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Chutia A, Gibson EK, Farrow MR, Wells PP, Scanlon DO, Dimitratos N, Willock DJ, Catlow CRA. The adsorption of Cu on the CeO2(110) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27191-27203. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed density functional theory (DFT) study coupled with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) experiments on the geometrical and electronic properties of copper species on CeO2 surface demonstrating the effects of oxidation state and solvent environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- UK Catalysis Hub
- RCaH
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | - Peter P. Wells
- UK Catalysis Hub
- RCaH
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - David O. Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd
| | | | - David J. Willock
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff
- UK
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Yang C, Yu X, Heißler S, Nefedov A, Colussi S, Llorca J, Trovarelli A, Wang Y, Wöll C. Surface Faceting and Reconstruction of Ceria Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:375-379. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Yang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Heißler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Alexei Nefedov
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Sara Colussi
- Dipartimento Politecnico; Università di Udine; Via Cotonificio 108- 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques and Centre for Research in Nanoengineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - Alessandro Trovarelli
- Dipartimento Politecnico; Università di Udine; Via Cotonificio 108- 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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